ES2346247T3 - Sistema para controlar cepos electroquirurgicos. - Google Patents
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- ES2346247T3 ES2346247T3 ES07004355T ES07004355T ES2346247T3 ES 2346247 T3 ES2346247 T3 ES 2346247T3 ES 07004355 T ES07004355 T ES 07004355T ES 07004355 T ES07004355 T ES 07004355T ES 2346247 T3 ES2346247 T3 ES 2346247T3
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
- A61B17/32—Surgical cutting instruments
- A61B17/3205—Excision instruments
- A61B17/32056—Surgical snare instruments
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B18/1492—Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B2018/1405—Electrodes having a specific shape
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
- A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
- A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
- A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
- A61B2018/1405—Electrodes having a specific shape
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- A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
- A61B90/06—Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
Un instrumento de cepo electroquirúrgico (11) que comprende: una funda tubular flexible alargada (13) que tiene extremos próximal (14) y distal (16), la funda que tiene un eje longitudinal definido a través suyo; un eje (18) que tiene extremos proximal (20) y distal (22), el eje que se extiende a través y que se mueve axialmente respecto a la funda; un bucle del cepo (24) proporcionado en el extremo distal del eje configurado para rodear el tejido, en donde el movimiento del eje respecto a la funda tubular cambia el diámetro del bucle del cepo expuesto; y un sensor de realimentación (50, 60) que determina al menos una condición del bucle del cepo, caracterizado por el sensor de realimentación que está acoplado funcionalmente a la funda tubular alargada, en donde o bien (1) el sensor de realimentación se selecciona desde un grupo que consta de un sensor de posición (50) configurado para medir el diámetro del bucle del cepo y un sensor de presión (60) configurado para medir la presión ejercida por el bucle del cepo en el tejido rodeado; o bien (2) el sensor de realimentación incluye: un sensor de posición (50) configurado para medir el diámetro del bucle del cepo; y un sensor de presión (60) configurado para medir la presión ejercida por el bucle del cepo en el tejido rodeado.
Description
Sistema para controlar cepos
electroquirúrgicos.
La presente invención se refiere en general a un
instrumento de cepo electroquirúrgico y, más concretamente, a un
sistema para controlar la energía entregada por un generador
electroquirúrgico al instrumento de cepo electroquirúrgico en base
al diámetro y la presión del cepo.
Los instrumentos de cepo son dispositivos
electroquirúrgicos que se utilizan principalmente para quitar
pequeños crecimientos del revestimiento de las cavidades internas
del cuerpo (por ejemplo, pólipos dentro de los intestinos), tal
como durante los procesos de polipectomía. Estos cepos incluyen un
bucle de hilo configurado para rodear el pequeño crecimiento, y
entonces se aplica la energía electroquirúrgica al tejido para
cortar y/o coagular. Generalmente, los instrumentos de cepo
incluyen un miembro tubular alargado que tiene un agarre, tal como
una funda, un eje que se extiende a través del miembro tubular que
tiene un bucle de hilo conectado al extremo distal ("distal"
se refiere a aquella parte que está más lejos del usuario, mientras
que "proximal" se refiere a aquella parte que está más cerca
del usuario o cirujano) del mismo. El bucle se abre empujando el eje
hacia el extremo distal moviendo/extrayendo por ello el bucle fuera
del miembro tubular y se cierra tirando del eje hacia el extremo
proximal moviendo/retrayendo por ello el bucle dentro del miembro
tubular.
El instrumento de cepo generalmente se inserta
en las cavidades internas del cuerpo a través de un endoscopio. En
el caso de una polipectomía, el instrumento se inserta a través de
tracto gastrointestinal y se mueve hacia el(los)
pólipo(s) marcados para la eliminación. Durante la inserción,
el bucle se retrae en el eje, y una vez en el lugar de la
eliminación, se extrae y se expande alrededor del pólipo. El
cirujano entonces contrae el bucle alrededor del pólipo y la
energía electroquirúrgica se aplica al mismo.
Actualmente, los instrumentos de cepo se usan
sin proporcionar ninguna realimentación sensorial al generador. El
cirujano tiene que ajustar manualmente la energía entregada al cepo
mientras que ajusta simultáneamente la presión exigida sobre el
pólipo por el bucle. Por ejemplo, cuando el cirujano aumenta la
presión, la energía también debe aumentar de manera que la energía
aumente proporcionalmente con la presión. El aumento contiguo de
presión y energía permite que sea eliminado el pólipo solamente
después que la parte del tallo del mismo ha sido cauterizada.
Aumentar la energía demasiado lentamente puede afectar en detrimento
la eliminación del pólipo causando hemorragia. Aumentar la energía
demasiado rápidamente puede provocar daños al tejido circundante.
En este momento, el éxito de estos procedimientos quirúrgicos
depende de la experiencia del cirujano para controlar la presión y
la energía entregada al instrumento de cepo. Tal control manual de
estos factores de funcionamiento no es infalible.
Un aparato de cepo para eliminar pólipos se
divulga en la US 6,517.538. Este documento expone un aparato de
cepo con realimentación de temperatura para terminar el proceso.
La presente revelación proporciona un sistema y
método para controlar ta entrega de la energía electroquirúrgica
suministrada por un generador a un instrumento de cepo
electroquirúrgico en base a la posición y la presión del bucle del
cepo. El instrumento de cepo se configura para la eliminación de
pólipos e incluye un sensor de posición configurado para determinar
el diámetro del bucle del cepo y un sensor de presión configurado
para determinar la presión exigida en el pólipo. Las señales de
realimentación de la posición y la presión se transmiten al
generador, que entonces ajusta automáticamente la potencia de
salida, el modo, y otros factores que afectan a la energía
electroquirúrgica.
De acuerdo con una realización de la presente
revelación, y como se expone en la reivindicación 1, se proporciona
un instrumento de cepo electroquirúrgico. El instrumento incluye una
funda tubular alargada que tiene los extremos proximal y distal, la
funda que tiene un eje longitudinal definido a través suyo. El
instrumento también incluye un eje que tiene extremos proximal y
distal, el eje que se extiende a través y que se mueve axialmente
respecto a la funda. Se proporciona un bucle del cepo en el extremo
distal del eje y se configura para rodear el tejido. El movimiento
del eje respecto a la funda tubular cambia el diámetro del bucle del
cepo expuesto. Un sensor de realimentación conectado funcionalmente
a la funda tubular alargada determina al menos una condición del
bucle del cepo, en donde el sensor de realimentación se selecciona
de un grupo que consta de un sensor de posición configurado para
medir el diámetro del bucle del cepo y un sensor de presión
configurado para medir la presión ejercida por el bucle del cepo en
el tejido
rodeado.
rodeado.
De acuerdo con una realización preferente de la
presente revelación, se divulga un sistema para controlar el
instrumento de cepo electroquirúrgico. El sistema incluye el
instrumento electroquirúrgico divulgado anteriormente. El sistema
incluye un generador electroquirúrgico, que proporciona la energía
electroquirúrgica al instrumento de cepo electroquirúrgico. El
generador se configura para recibir las mediciones de realimentación
desde el instrumento de cepo electroquirúrgico y para ajustar la
energía electroquirúrgica como una función de las mediciones.
El anterior y otros aspectos, características, y
ventajas de la presente revelación llegará a ser más evidente a la
luz de la siguiente descripción detallada cuando se toma en
conjunción con los dibujos anexos en los que:
La Fig. 1 es un diagrama que ilustra un sistema
electroquirúrgico que incluye un instrumento de cepo de acuerdo con
la presente revelación;
La Fig. 2 es un diagrama esquemático que ilustra
un bucle del cepo;
La Fig, 3 es un diagrama de bloques del sistema
electroquirúrgico de la Fig. 1;
La Fig. 4 es una vista de sección transversal
del instrumento de cepo que incluye un sensor de posición;
La Fig. 4A es una vista de sección transversal
de un instrumento de cepo alternativo;
La Fig. 4B es una vista de sección transversal
de un instrumento de cepo alternativo;
La Fig. 4C es una vista de sección transversal
de un instrumento de cepo alternativo;
La Fig. 5 es un diagrama que ilustra una
realización alternativa de un sistema electroquirúrgico de acuerdo
con la presente revelación; y
La Fig. 6 es un diagrama que ilustra otra
realización alternativa de un sistema electroquirúrgico de acuerdo
con la presente revelación.
Las realizaciones de la presente revelación se
describen más tarde con referencia a los dibujos anexos. En la
siguiente descripción, no se describen en detalle las funciones o
construcciones bien conocidas para evitar oscurecer la presente
revelación con innecesario detalle. Como se utiliza aquí dentro, el
término "distal" se refiere a aquella parte que está más
alejada del usuario mientras que el término "proximal" se
refiere a aquella parte que está más cercana al usuario o al
cirujano.
La Fig. 1 muestra un sistema electroquirúrgico
que incluye un generador 10 que suministra la energía
electroquirúrgica a un instrumento de cepo electroquirúrgico 11 a
través de un cableado eléctrico dentro de un cable 12. El generador
10 también incluye los medios de procesamiento (por ejemplo, uno o
más microprocesadores, almacenamiento, memoria, etc.) configurados
para analizar las señales de entrada y control como se trata con
mayor detalle más tarde. El instrumento de cepo 11 incluye una
funda tubular alargada 13 que tiene un extremo próximal 14 y un
extremo distal 16 formado preferentemente de un plástico de grado
médico adecuado, tal como el Teflón, el poliuretano, el polietileno
y similares. La funda 13 tiene un diámetro exterior suficientemente
pequeño para permitir que la funda 13 encajar a través de una
cavidad de funcionamiento de un endoscopio (no se muestra
explícitamente).
El instrumento de cepo 11 también incluye un eje
eléctricamente conductivo 18 que tiene un extremo proximal 20 y un
extremo distal 22 que se extiende a través y que se mueve axialmente
dentro de la funda 12. El eje 18 puede ser en forma de un cable
remachado o multifilamento trenzado y estirado donde los filamentos
son metálicos, tales como acero inoxidable, una aleación de níquel
titanio, y similares. Se prevé que el eje 18 se puede formar de un
material plástico adecuado, tal como el plástico usado para formar
la funda 13, en donde el plástico incluye una superficie
eléctricamente conductiva (por ejemplo, revestimiento, pantalla,
etc.)
Un bucle del cepo 24 se acopla mecánica y
eléctricamente al extremo distal 22 del eje 18 a través de un
conector 30 cerca del extremo distal 16 de la funda 12 como se
ilustra en la Fig. 2. El bucle del cepo 24 está formado por hilo
adecuado, tal como el hilo multifilamento usado para formar el eje
18. En la realización ilustrada, el bucle del cepo 24 incluye dos
lados 40, 42 con dos extremos correspondientes anexos al extremo
distal 22 del eje 18 para formar un bucle por medio de soldadura
autógena, soldadura blanda o engastado. Alternativamente, el eje 18
puede estar formado por dos cables o hilos ligados juntos desde el
extremo próximal 20 y el extremo distal 22 y desligados después del
extremo distal para formar el bucle 24. En una realización
alternativa, los dos lados 40, 42 se pueden formar de elementos de
cable o hilo separados acoplados juntos en el extremo distal 22 del
eje 18 y el extremo distal 44.
El instrumento de cepo 11 además incluye un
conjunto de agarre 26 que tiene un extremo distal 30 y un extremo
proximal 29. La funda 13 está conectada al conjunto 26 en el extremo
distal 30. El conjunto 26 puede tener estructura tubular y puede
estar formado mediante el moldeado de un material plástico no
flexible o formado por otros procesos a partir de otros materiales
no flexibles de grado médico (por ejemplo, acero inoxidable). El
conjunto 26 también puede estar formado por materiales elásticos de
grado médico (por ejemplo, uretano de durómetro alto).
Dentro del conjunto 26 está un émbolo 27 que
tiene un extremo distal 34 y un extremo proximal 32. El émbolo 27
es eléctricamente conductivo y no flexible. El émbolo 37 puede estar
formado enteramente de metal (por ejemplo, varilla de acero) o de
un plástico no flexible que tiene una superficie eléctricamente
conductiva. El eje 18 se conecta al émbolo 27 en el extremo
proximal del eje 20 y el extremo distal del émbolo 34. El émbolo 27
incluye una primera asa 36 en el extremo proximal 32 del mismo, que
permite al cirujano en conjunción con una segunda asa 38 dispuesta
en el extremo proximal 29 del conjunto 26 para manipular el eje 18 y
el bucle 24 moviendo el eje 18 a lo largo del eje longitudinal. La
segunda asa 38 incluye apoyos para los dedos adaptados a recibir el
dedo corazón y el dedo índice del cirujano por lo cual el dedo
pulgar se inserta en el primer agarre 36 para facilitar la
manipulación del émbolo 27 y el eje 18.
Dispuesto en la superficie del conjunto 26 está
un conector de cauterización 28 que está acoplado conductivamente a
través de un conector de cepillo 39 al eje 18 a través del émbolo 27
de manera que el émbolo 27 y el eje 18 se puedan mover
longitudinalmente mientras se mantiene tal acopiamiento
conductivo.
El instrumento de cepo 11 se puede adaptar por
procedimientos electroquirúrgicos monopolares o bipolares. En la
configuración monopolar, el bucle 24 sirve como un electrodo activo
a través del que se aplicará la energía electroquirúrgica al
tejido. En tal configuración, un electrodo de retorno (no se
muestra) se anexará a un paciente para devolver la corriente
suministrada a través del bucle 24 al generador 10.
En la configuración bipolar, se incorporan los
electrodos de retorno y activo en el bucle 24. Uno de los dos lados
40, 42 sirve como un electrodo activo mientras que el otro sirve
como un electrodo de retorno que está separado por un material
aislante (por ejemplo, punta cerámica) al extremo distal 44.
Con referencia de nuevo a la Fig. 1, el bucle 24
se muestra rodeando un tallo de un pólipo 46 que se extiende hacia
el exterior de la superficie de un órgano hueco 48 en el tracto
gastrointestinal (por ejemplo, el intestino). Durante un proceso de
funcionamiento, el instrumento de cepo 11 se inserta en el órgano a
través de un canal de endoscopio y el endoscopio se usa para
localizar visualmente y evaluar la forma y el tipo del pólipo 46
como es bien conocido en la técnica. A partir de entonces, el
cirujano posiciona el instrumento de cepo 11 dentro del órgano y
sitúa el bucle 24 alrededor del pólipo 46. Entonces, el cirujano
retrae el bucle 24 tirando del émbolo 27 hacia el extremo proximal
32 para cerrar el bucle 24 alrededor del pólipo 46. Una vez que el
bucle 24 está cerrado y en contacto alrededor del pólipo 46, el
cirujano aplica la corriente de coagulación para desecar las
células del pólipo 46, cortando por ello el crecimiento. Después de
la ruptura, el cirujano conmuta el generador 10 al modo de
coagulación y sitúa el bucle cerrado 24 en contacto con los vasos
sanguíneos rotos del pólipo 46 para cerrar los vasos y parar el
flujo sanguíneo. Es conocido que el bucle 24 en una configuración
cerrada también se puede usar para eliminar los pólipos demasiado
pequeños para ser rodeados por el bucle 24. Aquellos expertos en la
técnica apreciarán que el cirujano también puede usar la corriente
de coagulación inicialmente para coagular los vasos sanguíneos
dentro del pólipo 46 y entonces usar la corriente de corte para
cortar a través o cerca de la parte coagulada.
Para ayudar al cirujano en el ajuste de varios
parámetros (por ejemplo, intensidad, forma de onda, etc.) de la
energía electroquirúrgica, la presente revelación proporciona un
sensor de posición 50 y un sensor de presión 60 dispuestos dentro
del instrumento de cepo 11, como se muestra en la Fig. 3, que
proporciona realimentación al generador 10 tras lo cual el
generador 10 hace el ajuste a los parámetros de funcionamiento, tal
como la salida de potencia, las curvas de potencia en función de la
impedancia, el modo de funcionamiento, el ciclo de trabajo, etc. El
sensor de presión 60 detecta la presión ejercida por el bucle 24 en
el pólipo 46. El sensor de posición 50 detecta el diámetro del
bucle 24 (es decir, el perímetro y/o tamaño del bucle 24) e informa
de las mediciones al generador 10, que entonces hace una
determinación en base a las mediciones y hace los correspondientes
ajustes para la energía electroquirúrgica.
Más concretamente, cuando el bucle 24 no está
completamente cerrado pero en contacto con el pólipo 46 el sensor
de posición 50 y el sensor de presión 60 informan del hecho al
generador 10, que entonces comunica la energía electroquirúrgica a
través del bucle 24 de manera que el pólipo 46 se pueda cortar.
Cuando el bucle 24 está totalmente cerrado, por ejemplo, el pólipo
46 ha sido cortado totalmente, esa información se envía por los
sensores 50, 60 al generador 10, que entonces conmuta al modo de
coagulación para coagular los vasos sanguíneos. Aquellos expertos
en la técnica apreciarán que el generador 10 se puede programar para
responder de formas distintas que aquellas tratadas anteriormente
(por ejemplo, coagular cuando el bucle 24 está en contacto con el
tejido y cortar cuando el bucle 24 está cerrado). El instrumento de
cepo 11 puede incluir tanto uno, o ambos, del sensor de posición 50
y el sensor de presión 60 que permiten al generador 10 fijar la
potencia y otros ajustes en base a las mediciones del diámetro y/o
la presión.
Con referencia a la Fig. 4, se muestra el sensor
de posición 50 dispuesto dentro del conjunto 26. En una realización
el sensor de posición 50 incluye un potenciómetro de tipo película
52 acoplado a la superficie interior de la estructura tubular del
conjunto 26 y un nudo de contacto 54 en contacto con ella. El nudo
54 se posiciona en la superficie exterior del émbolo 27
directamente frente al potenciómetro 52. El potenciómetro 52 y el
nudo 54 se pueden reubicar (por ejemplo, sus posiciones invertidas)
en tanto en cuanto estos componentes del sensor de posición 50 se
mantienen en contacto y se posicionan opuestas entre ellas.
Adicionalmente, el potenciómetro 52 se puede disponer en la
superficie interior de la funda 13 con el nodo 54 que se sitúa en
el eje 18. El nudo 54 también se puede disponer (por ejemplo,
integrado) dentro del segundo agarre 38 y el potenciómetro 52 se
puede situar en la superficie exterior de la funda 13, como se
muestra en la Fig. 4A.
El sensor de resorte 60 se puede construir de la
siguiente manera. La funda 13 y otros componentes del instrumento
de cepo 70 se pueden hacer de materiales elásticos y por ello ser
usados para carga elástica del bucle 24. La carga elástica produce
una señal desde el sensor de posición 50 integrado en el segundo
agarre 38 y mide tanto el tamaño del cepo del bucle 24 como la
presión ejercida por él.
Con referencia a la Fig. 4B, se muestra un
sensor de presión 60 que incluye el nudo 55 dispuesto dentro de la
funda 13 y en contacto con un segundo potenciómetro 53. El nudo 55
se acopla al segundo agarre 38 a través de un miembro elástico
adecuado (por ejemplo, un resorte) conectado en serie con el mismo.
La posición del nudo 55 y su contacto con el potenciómetro 53 es
directamente proporcional a la fuerza con la que el segundo agarre
38 se empuja de nuevo (es decir, contrabalanceado por el miembro
elástico 61). Por lo tanto, la presión ejercida por el bucle 24 se
puede determinar midiendo la señal generada por el nudo 55 que
contacta el potenciómetro 53. El sensor de presión 60 también puede
ser un cristal piezoeléctrico. El cristal piezoeléctrico convierte
la presión aplicada al mismo en el voltaje correspondiente que se
puede convertir en una señal digital y ser procesado por los medios
de procesamiento del generador 10.
Como se muestra en la Fig. 4C, los sensores de
presión y posición 50, 60 se disponen dentro del instrumento de
cepo 70. El sensor de posición 50 mide el diámetro del bucle 24
usando la posición del nudo 54 y el sensor de presión 60 mide la
presión ejercida por el bucle 24 determinando la posición del nudo
55 afectada por el miembro elástico 61.
La realimentación concerniente al diámetro del
bucle 24 se informa al generador 10 a través de los hilos de
control dispuestos dentro del cable 12. Como el émbolo 27 se mueve
longitudinalmente dentro del conjunto de agarre 26, el nudo 54 se
desplaza longitudinalmente a través de la superficie del
potenciómetro 52. Cuando el nudo 54 está en contacto con el
potenciómetro 52 cerca de un extremo proximal 55 del mismo, se
transmite un voltaje correspondiente al generador 10. El voltaje se
analiza por el generador 10 para determinar la señal de control,
que cuando el nudo 54 está cerca o en el extremo proximal 55, indica
que el bucle 24 está en la posición cerrada (por ejemplo, el eje 18
está totalmente retraído). Cuando el nudo 54 está en contacto con
el potenciómetro 52 cerca de un extremo distal 56, el voltaje
transmitido al generador 10 señala que el bucle 24 está totalmente
abierto. Las posiciones del nudo 54 entre los extremos proximal y
distal 54, 56 se pueden configurar para indicar otras señales de
control correspondientes (por ejemplo, bucle 24 parcialmente
cerrado). Después de analizar las señales de control y determinar
la posición del bucle 24, el generador 10 hace los cambios
apropiados para la salida de la energía electroquirúrgica, tales
como la potencia de salida, la forma de onda, el voltaje, la
impedancia, el modo, etc.
Además de proporcionar la realimentación sobre
la posición y diámetro del bucle 24, la presente revelación también
proporciona un sistema para determinar la presión ejercida por el
bucle 24 en el pólipo 46 usando el sensor de presión 60, como se
muestra en la Fig. 3. Determinar la presión del bucle del cepo 24
puede ser importante para determinar cuándo se debe aplicar la
potencia al pólipo 46. Como se trató anteriormente, la potencia
inicialmente se aplica al pólipo, más específicamente, se usa un
modo de coagulación. Convencionalmente, los cirujanos tienen que
imaginar cuándo cortar el pólipo en base a la experiencia. La
presión del sensor 60 permite el ajuste automático proporcionando
la realimentación al generador 10 acerca de la presión aplicada al
pólipo 46. Cuando el sensor de presión 60 detecta que la presión
está en su nivel más alto, se indica que el bucle 24 está
firmemente colocado alrededor del pólipo 46. Esta información se
transmite al generador 10 que aumenta la potencia o conmuta los
modos de funcionamiento (por ejemplo, el modo de corte) y suministra
la energía electroquirúrgica al instrumento de cepo 11. Tan pronto
como se corta el pólipo 46, la presión aplicada por el bucle 24 se
disipa dado que la obstrucción física (por ejemplo, el pólipo 46) ha
sido eliminada. Este cambio en la presión también se transmite al
generador 10 que entonces modifica el modo de funcionamiento y
suministra la corriente de coagulación al instrumento de cepo 11
para coagular los vasos sanguíneos.
El sensor de presión 60 puede permitir al
cirujano regular la presión de manera que el cirujano puede sellar
efectivamente los vasos sanguíneos antes de la resección del pólipo
46. Por ejemplo, el cirujano puede ser capaz de controlar la
presión aplicada alrededor del pólipo 46 para dentro de un parámetro
ideal conocido sellar de manera efectiva el tejido más que
simplemente coagular el tejido. Otras características también
pueden ser controladas adecuadamente para crear un sellado efectivo,
tal como la distancia del hueco entre las superficies opuestas del
bucle 24 y el control de energía.
Cuando la adaptabilidad elástica de los
materiales que comprende los componentes del instrumento de cepo 70
se conoce, se puede usar una posición única del sensor para detectar
la posición así como la presión del cepo. En particular, la señal
de medición de la posición en conjunción con las propiedades
elásticas se puede usar para calcular la presión y la posición del
cepo en base a una señal única. Los materiales convencionales usados
en la construcción de los instrumentos de cepo son propensos a la
compresión y al estiramiento cuando se aplica la fuerza al agarre.
Por lo tanto, situar el sensor de posición 50 en el agarre 38
permite la medición de la posición y la presión del cepo. Un sensor
de presión único 60 se puede usar para determinar tanto la posición
como la presión del cepo a partir de la señal de presión en base a
la adaptabilidad elástica de los materiales flexibles del cepo.
El instrumento de cepo 70 puede incluir un
sensor de impedancia (no se muestra explícitamente) que mide la
impedancia del tejido en el pólipo 46. Usando una corriente de
detección el sensor de impedancia determina cuándo ha sido
comunicada la energía suficiente al pólipo 46 para señalar que el
pólipo 46 ha sido coagulado y puede ser cortado. Las mediciones de
impedancia también pueden ser usadas para determinar cuándo se han
consumado otras etapas del procedimiento, dado que la energía se
aplica al pólipo 46 la impedancia del tejido cambia, lo que permite
mediciones y/o determinaciones con respecto al estado del pólipo
46.
Aquellos expertos en la técnica apreciarán que
el generador 10 incluye un modo de funcionamiento específico
diseñado para los procedimientos de cepo. Los procedimientos de cepo
difieren de otras operaciones electroquirúrgicas (por ejemplo,
sellado de vasos sanguíneos, corte de tejido, etc.) porque el
electrodo en los procedimientos de cepo (por ejemplo, el bucle 24)
está en contacto continuo con el tejido. Como resultado los
procedimientos de cepo se caracterizan por requerimientos de baja
impedancia del tejido y baja tensión. El generador 10 de la
presente revelación incluye un nuevo modo de funcionamiento que
cambia la potencia de salida, la forma de onda, y el voltaje
respecto de la impedancia del tejido. Este modo de funcionamiento
también puede ser útil en otros procedimientos electroquirúrgicos
que tienen las mismas características que los procedimientos de
cepo donde un electrodo activo está en continuo contacto con el
tejido.
La realimentación del diámetro del bucle y
presión también se pueden usar para los procedimientos de cepo
totalmente automáticos usando un instrumento de cepo 70 como se
muestra en la Fig. 5. La aplicación de energía electroquirúrgica
así como el control del diámetro del bucle 24 se pueden controlar
por el generador 10 en base a la realimentación recibida desde los
sensores 50,60. El instrumento de cepo 70 incluye un actuador 62,
tal como un cilindro de pistón que se controla eléctricamente por el
generador 10 o un controlador de cable actuado por un sistema de
polea. Un algoritmo para el control del actuador 62 se programa en
el generador 10 y se puede activar escaneando un código de barras
64 anexo a una clavija 65. Es bien conocido en la técnica
identificar dispositivos escaneando códigos de barras y cargando
algoritmos pre programados en los generados electroquírúrgicos en
base a esa información. El generador 10 puede incluir un lector para
el escaneado de códigos de barras y otros medios de
identificación.
El instrumento de cepo 70 también incluye un
botón 66 que activa el instrumento de cepo 70 una vez que está en
posición (por ejemplo, el bucle 24 está situado alrededor del pólipo
46). Una vez que se alcanza el posicionamiento adecuado, el
cirujano presiona el botón 66 para activar el algoritmo del
generador 10. El generador 10 ajusta el diámetro del bucle 24
disminuyendo el diámetro gradualmente. Más concretamente, el
generador 10 señala al actuador 62 para contraer, empujando por
ello el eje 18 y contrayendo el bucle 24. La contracción continúa
hasta que el sensor de presión 60 informa al generador 10 que el
bucle 24 está un ajustado contacto con el pólipo 46. El generador
10 comprueba entonces la impedancia del tejido y entrega la energía
electroquirúrgica del modo de funcionamiento predefinido y el nivel
de potencia al bucle 24 en base a la realimentación de la presión y
la impedancia medida. La medición de la impedancia se puede llevar a
cabo suministrando una corriente de medición al pólipo 46 para
determinar esta impedancia como se conoce en la técnica.
Una vez se suministra la energía al pólipo 46 y
se corta, el sensor de posición 50 informa al generador 10 de este
hecho y el generador 10 responde a la realimentación de la posición
cambiando los modos de funcionamiento (por ejemplo, conmuta al modo
de coagulación). Los ajustes del modo y la potencia se pueden
cambiar durante el procedimiento como respuesta a la impedancia
medida del tejido y el diámetro del bucle. Una vez está completa la
resección del pólipo 46, la energía se apaga para reducir la
posibilidad de afectar al tejido de alrededor. Durante varias
etapas del procedimiento se pueden usar uno o más indicadores de
audio y/o visuales para señalar al cirujano que una etapa
particular del procedimiento está completada. Los indicadores de
audio y/o visuales se pueden disponer en el generador 10 o en el
instrumento de cepo 70.
La Fig. 6 muestra otra realización del
instrumento de cepo 70 que se activa automáticamente y se monitoriza
por el generador 10. El instrumento de cepo 70 incluye un motor de
avance 62 que se controla por el generador 10. El motor de avance
62 actúa un mecanismo de engranajes 72 que gira un tornillo de
avance 74, que a su vez está conectado a un bloque 76 que incluye
el eje 18. El motor de avance 62 puede girar el tornillo de avance
en dos direcciones (por ejemplo, en sentido horario y sentido anti
horario), que entonces mueve el bloque 76 y el eje 18 hacia atrás y
hacia adelante. El bloque 76 incluye el nudo 54 que está en contacto
con el potenciómetro 52 para medir el diámetro del bucle 24.
Además, el bloque 76 también incluye un cristal piezoeléctrico 63
que convierte la presión aplicada al mismo en una señal de voltaje
correspondiente. La señal de voltaje se puede analizar entonces por
los medios de procesamiento del generador 10.
El generador 10 mide la presión y el tamaño del
bucle 24 e incluye los algoritmos adecuados que controlan el motor
de avance 62, a través del cual el generador 10 controla la presión
del cepo, la exposición del cepo (por ejemplo, el tamaño del bucle
24), el modo del generador, y la potencia del generador para
optimizar los procedimientos de cauterización y resección.
Las realizaciones descritas de la presente
revelación tratan de ser ilustrativas más que restrictivas, y no
trata de presentar cada realización de la presente revelación. Se
pueden hacer varias modificaciones y variaciones sin salir del
alcance de la revelación como se establece más adelante en las
siguientes reivindicaciones tanto literalmente como en equivalentes
reconocidos por la ley.
Claims (8)
1. Un instrumento de cepo electroquirúrgico
(11) que comprende:
una funda tubular flexible alargada (13) que
tiene extremos próximal (14) y distal (16), la funda que tiene un
eje longitudinal definido a través suyo;
un eje (18) que tiene extremos proximal (20) y
distal (22), el eje que se extiende a través y que se mueve
axialmente respecto a la funda;
un bucle del cepo (24) proporcionado en el
extremo distal del eje configurado para rodear el tejido, en donde
el movimiento del eje respecto a la funda tubular cambia el diámetro
del bucle del cepo expuesto; y
un sensor de realimentación (50, 60) que
determina al menos una condición del bucle del cepo,
caracterizado por el sensor de realimentación que está
acoplado funcionalmente a la funda tubular alargada, en donde o
bien
(1) el sensor de realimentación se selecciona
desde un grupo que consta de un sensor de posición (50) configurado
para medir el diámetro del bucle del cepo y un sensor de presión
(60) configurado para medir la presión ejercida por el bucle del
cepo en el tejido rodeado; o bien
(2) el sensor de realimentación incluye:
un sensor de posición (50) configurado para
medir el diámetro del bucle del cepo; y
un sensor de presión (60) configurado para medir
la presión ejercida por el bucle del cepo en el tejido rodeado.
2. Un instrumento de cepo electroquirúrgico como
en la reivindicación 1, en donde el sensor de posición incluye un
potenciómetro (52).
3. Un instrumento de cepo electroquirúrgico como
en la reivindicación 2, en donde el potenciómetro se dispone en una
superficie interior de la funda y un nodo (54) en contacto con ella
se dispone sobre la funda.
4. Un instrumento de cepo electroquirúrgico como
en la reivindicación 1, 2 o 3, en donde el sensor de presión
incluye un cristal piezoeléctrico.
5. Un instrumento de cepo electroquirúrgico como
en cualquiera de las precedentes reivindicaciones, en donde el
sensor de realimentación es operable para determinar cuándo el bucle
del cepo está totalmente retraído y el tejido está cortado o bien
por medio de una señal de control desde el sensor de posición que
indica que el bucle del cepo está en una posición cerrada o bien
una señal de control desde el sensor de presión que indica que la
presión aplicada por el bucle del cepo se ha disipado.
6. Un sistema para realizar los procedimientos
electroquirúrgicos, que comprende:
un instrumento de cepo electroquirúrgico como en
cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes; y
un generador electroquirúrgico (10) operable
para proporcionar la energía electroquirúrgica al instrumento de
cepo electroquirúrgico, el generador configurado para recibir las
mediciones de realimentación desde el instrumento de cepo
electroquirúrgico y para ajustar la energía electroquirúrgica como
una función de las mediciones.
7. Un sistema como en la reivindicación 6, en
donde el generador se opera para controlar automáticamente el
movimiento del eje y el diámetro del bucle del cepo.
8. Un sistema como en la reivindicación 6 o 7,
en donde el instrumento de cepo electroquirúrgico incluye medios de
identificación (64) legibles por el generador, los medios de
identificación que comprenden instrucciones para configurar el
generador.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US11/367,723 US7651493B2 (en) | 2006-03-03 | 2006-03-03 | System and method for controlling electrosurgical snares |
| US367723 | 2006-03-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2346247T3 true ES2346247T3 (es) | 2010-10-13 |
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ID=38009770
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES07004355T Active ES2346247T3 (es) | 2006-03-03 | 2007-03-02 | Sistema para controlar cepos electroquirurgicos. |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (2) | US7651493B2 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP1829494B1 (es) |
| JP (2) | JP2007236932A (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2007200927B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2580093A1 (es) |
| DE (1) | DE602007006850D1 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2346247T3 (es) |
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-
2006
- 2006-03-03 US US11/367,723 patent/US7651493B2/en active Active
-
2007
- 2007-03-01 CA CA002580093A patent/CA2580093A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-03-01 JP JP2007051875A patent/JP2007236932A/ja active Pending
- 2007-03-02 ES ES07004355T patent/ES2346247T3/es active Active
- 2007-03-02 AU AU2007200927A patent/AU2007200927B2/en not_active Ceased
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- 2007-03-02 EP EP07004355A patent/EP1829494B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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2012
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2007200927B2 (en) | 2013-02-21 |
| US7972332B2 (en) | 2011-07-05 |
| US20100094285A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
| EP1829494B1 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
| DE602007006850D1 (de) | 2010-07-15 |
| JP2012161638A (ja) | 2012-08-30 |
| JP2007236932A (ja) | 2007-09-20 |
| EP1829494A1 (en) | 2007-09-05 |
| US7651493B2 (en) | 2010-01-26 |
| CA2580093A1 (en) | 2007-09-03 |
| US20070208339A1 (en) | 2007-09-06 |
| AU2007200927A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
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