ES2374476T3 - Instrumento quirúrgico motorizado. - Google Patents
Instrumento quirúrgico motorizado. Download PDFInfo
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- ES2374476T3 ES2374476T3 ES08252703T ES08252703T ES2374476T3 ES 2374476 T3 ES2374476 T3 ES 2374476T3 ES 08252703 T ES08252703 T ES 08252703T ES 08252703 T ES08252703 T ES 08252703T ES 2374476 T3 ES2374476 T3 ES 2374476T3
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Abstract
Instrumento quirúrgico (100) que comprende: un alojamiento (110); una parte endoscópica (140) que se extiende distalmente desde el alojamiento (110) y que define un primer eje longitudinal (A-A); una rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) dispuesta al menos parcialmente dentro del alojamiento (110), pudiendo girar la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) alrededor de un eje (C-C) de rueda dentada de accionamiento que se extiende a su través y pudiendo moverse selectivamente a lo largo del eje (C-C) de rueda dentada de accionamiento entre una primera posición, una segunda posición y una tercera posición; un motor de accionamiento (210) dispuesto en cooperación mecánica con la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) y que está configurado para hacer girar la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200); un motor de desplazamiento (220) dispuesto en cooperación mecánica con la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) y que está configurado para mover la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) a lo largo del eje (C-C) de rueda dentada de accionamiento entre la primera posición, la segunda posición y la tercera posición; una parte de vástago (1500) selectivamente conectable a un extremo distal de la parte endoscópica; un efector extremo (160, 1600) selectivamente conectable a un extremo distal de la parte de vástago, incluyendo el efector extremo (160, 1600) un primer elemento de mordaza y un segundo elemento de mordaza, y definiendo el efector extremo (160) un segundo eje longitudinal (B-B); una corona dentada (230) dispuesta al menos parcialmente dentro del alojamiento (110) y que está dispuesta en cooperación mecánica con el efector extremo (160, 1600), provocando la rotación de la corona dentada (230) la rotación de al menos una parte del efector extremo (160, 1600) alrededor del primer eje longitudinal; una rueda dentada actuadora (300) dispuesta al menos parcialmente dentro del alojamiento (110) y que está dispuesta en cooperación mecánica con el efector extremo (160, 1600), provocando la rotación de la rueda dentada actuadora (300) el movimiento de al menos un elemento de mordaza hacia el otro elemento de mordaza; y una rueda dentada de articulación (240) dispuesta al menos parcialmente dentro del alojamiento (110) y que está dispuesta en cooperación mecánica con el efector extremo (160); en el que la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) está engranada mecánicamente con la corona dentada (230) cuando la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) está en la primera posición, estando la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) engranada mecánicamente con la rueda dentada de articulación (240) cuando la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) está en la segunda posición, y estando la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) engranada mecánicamente con la rueda dentada actuadora (300) cuando la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) está en la tercera posición
Description
Instrumento quirúrgico motorizado.
Campo técnico
La presente invención se refiere a instrumentos quirúrgicos para sujetar tejido corporal y, más particularmente, a un instrumento quirúrgico motorizado que tiene una rueda dentada de accionamiento configurada para moverse con la finalidad de llevar a cabo la rotación, articulación y actuación del instrumento.
Son bien conocidos en la técnica los dispositivos quirúrgicos en los que primero se agarra o se sujeta tejido entre una estructura de mordazas opuestas y a continuación se le une por medio de sujetadores quirúrgicos. En algunos instrumentos, se proporciona un bisturí para cortar el tejido que se ha unido por medio de los sujetadores. Los sujetadores incluyen típicamente grapas quirúrgicas y sujetadores poliméricos de dos piezas.
Los instrumentos para esta finalidad pueden incluir dos elementos alargados que se utilizan respectivamente para capturar o sujetar tejido. Típicamente, uno de los elementos lleva un cartucho de grapas que aloja una pluralidad de grapas dispuestas en filas, mientras que el otro elemento tiene un yunque que define una superficie para conformar las patas de grapa cuando las grapas son expulsadas del cartucho de grapas. Diversos instrumentos incluyen abrazaderas, mangos y/o botones para efectuar actuación junto con rotación y la articulación de un efector extremo. Dichos instrumentos quirúrgicos pueden requerir que el usuario ejerza una fuerza significativa al hacer funcionar los mangos, botones, etc., y requerir más de una mano para hacer funcionar el instrumento.
Se desean instrumentos quirúrgicos con actuadores que requieran menos fuerza para su funcionamiento. Además, se desean también instrumentos quirúrgicos que realicen múltiples funciones mediante accionamiento con una sola mano.
El documento US 2007/175961 describe un instrumento de grapado quirúrgico que comprende una rueda dentada de accionamiento accionada por motor que puede moverse selectivamente entre dos posiciones a lo largo de un eje de rueda dentada de accionamiento. En una primera posición, la rueda dentada de accionamiento está en cooperación mecánica con un tren de engranajes para mover las mordazas de la cabeza de grapado entre las posiciones abierta y cerrada. En una segunda posición, la rueda dentada de accionamiento está en contacto con un vástago de accionamiento que produce el disparo del cartucho de grapas contenido en una de las mordazas distales. La rotación de la cabeza de grapado es efectuada manualmente por medio de un volante de mano.
La presente invención se refiere a la reivindicación 1. La presente descripción se refiere a un instrumento quirúrgico que incluye un alojamiento, una parte endoscópica, una rueda dentada de accionamiento, un motor de accionamiento, un motor de desplazamiento y un efector extremo. La parte endoscópica se extiende distalmente desde el alojamiento y define un eje longitudinal. La rueda dentada de accionamiento está dispuesta al menos parcialmente dentro del alojamiento y es giratoria alrededor de un eje de rueda dentada de accionamiento que se extiende a su través. La rueda dentada de accionamiento puede moverse selectivamente a lo largo del eje de rueda dentada de accionamiento. El motor de accionamiento está dispuesto en cooperación mecánica con la rueda dentada de accionamiento y está configurado para hacer girar la rueda dentada de accionamiento. El motor de desplazamiento está dispuesto en cooperación mecánica con la rueda dentada de accionamiento y está configurado para mover la rueda dentada de accionamiento a lo largo del eje de rueda dentada de accionamiento. El efector extremo está dispuesto junto a una parte distal de la parte endoscópica.
En la presente memoria, se describe una forma de realización del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado dado a conocer haciendo referencia a los dibujos, en los que:
La figura 1 es una vista en perspectiva de un instrumento quirúrgico motorizado según una realización de la presente descripción;
La figura 2 es una vista en perspectiva parcial ampliada del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado de la figura 1;
La figura 3 es una vista en perspectiva parcial ampliada del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado de las figuras 1 y 2;
La figura 4 es una vista en sección y en perspectiva parcial de componentes internos del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado de las figuras 1-3 de acuerdo con una forma de realización de la presente descripción;
Las figuras 5 y 6 son unas vistas en sección y en perspectiva parcial que muestran los componentes internos del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado de las figuras 1-4 dispuestos en una primera posición;
La figura 7 es una vista en sección transversal de los componentes internos del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado de las figuras 1-5 dispuesto en una segunda posición;
La figura 8A es una vista en perspectiva parcial que incluye una parte endoscópica del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado de las figuras 1-7 según una forma de realización de la presente descripción;
La figura 8B es una vista en perspectiva ampliada de una parte del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado indicado en la figura 8A;
Las figuras 9-11 son unas vistas en sección y en perspectiva parcial de los componentes internos del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado de las figuras 1-8 dispuestos en una tercera posición;
Las figuras 12 y 13 son unas vistas en perspectiva ampliadas de partes del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado de las figuras 1-11 según una forma de realización de la presente descripción;
La figura 14 es una vista en sección transversal de una parte de un instrumento quirúrgico motorizado que incluye una parte de mango según una forma de realización de la presente descripción;
Las figuras 15A-B son unas vistas en perspectiva de un vástago de articulación de la parte distal del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado de la figura 1 según una forma de realización de la presente descripción;
La figura 16 es una vista en perspectiva de un instrumento quirúrgico motorizado que tiene una parte de vástago selectivamente conectable según una realización de la presente descripción;
Las figuras 17A-17C son sendas vistas en perspectiva de un efector extremo que tiene cartuchos de grapas circulares acoplados a una parte de vástago, siendo conectable cada parte de vástago con el instrumento quirúrgico motorizado de la figura 16;
La figura 18 es una vista en perspectiva de un efector extremo que tiene un elemento de mordaza paralelo acoplado a una parte de vástago, siendo conectable la parte de vástago con el instrumento quirúrgico motorizado de la figura 16; y
La figura 19 es una vista en perspectiva trasera del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado de la figura 16.
Las formas de realización del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado dado a conocer en la presente memoria se describen ahora en detalle haciendo referencia a los dibujos, en los que números de referencia iguales designan elementos idénticos o correspondientes en cada una de las diversas vistas. Tal como se utiliza en la presente memoria, el término “distal” se refiere a la parte del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado o al componente del mismo más alejado del usuario, mientras que el término “proximal” se refiere a la parte del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado o al componente del mismo más próximo al usuario.
Un instrumento quirúrgico motorizado, por ejemplo una grapadora quirúrgica, de acuerdo con la presente descripción se designa en las figuras con el número de referencia 100. Haciendo referencia inicialmente a la figura 1, el instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 incluye un alojamiento 110, una parte endoscópica 140 que define un eje longitudinal A-A que se extiende a su través, y un efector extremo 160 que define un eje longitudinal B-B (ilustrado sustancialmente alineado con el eje A-A de la figura 1) que se extiende a su través. La parte endoscópica 140 se extiende distalmente desde el alojamiento 110 y el efector extremo 160 está dispuesto junto a una parte distal 142 de la parte endoscópica 140.
Haciendo referencia a las figuras 2 y 3, se ilustra una vista ampliada del alojamiento 110 según una realización de la presente descripción. En la forma de realización ilustrada, el alojamiento 110 incluye una parte de mango 112 que tiene al menos un botón 114 en la misma (se muestran dos botones 114a y 114b). La parte de mango 112, que define un eje de mango H-H, se muestra con indentaciones 116 que corresponden a los dedos de un usuario. Cada botón 114a y 114b se muestra dispuesto sobre una indentación 116 para facilitar su presionado por un dedo del usuario.
Haciendo referencia continuada a las figuras 2 y 3, un área proximal 118 del alojamiento 110 incluye una interfaz de usuario 120. En la forma de realización ilustrada, la interfaz de usuario 120 incluye una pantalla 122 y al menos un interruptor 124 (se muestran siete interruptores 124a-124g). La pantalla 122 muestra información legible sobre la misma, incluyendo información de estatus del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 en una realización. Los interruptores 124a-124g controlan diversas acciones del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100, como se describe con detalle a continuación.
Las figuras 4-7, 9-11 y 14 ilustran diversos componentes internos del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100, incluyendo una rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 o elemento de accionamiento, un motor de accionamiento 210 y un motor de desplazamiento 220. Se contempla que pueda utilizarse un solenoide de tres posiciones, por ejemplo, como alternativa al motor de desplazamiento 220. La rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 es giratoria alrededor de un eje C-C de rueda dentada de accionamiento que se extiende a su través (figura 4) y puede moverse selectivamente a lo largo del eje C-C de rueda dentada de accionamiento. El motor de accionamiento 210 está dispuesto en cooperación mecánica con la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 y está configurado para hacer girar la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 alrededor del eje C-C de rueda dentada de accionamiento. El motor de desplazamiento 220 está dispuesto en cooperación mecánica con la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 (el motor de accionamiento 210 se ilustra entre la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 y el motor de desplazamiento 220 de acuerdo con una realización descrita) y está configurado para trasladar la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 axialmente a lo largo del eje C-C de rueda dentada de accionamiento. En una forma de realización descrita, el motor de accionamiento 210 y/o el motor de desplazamiento 220 pueden ser un motor o un grupo motorreductor que puede incluir un conjunto de engranajes incorporado dentro de su alojamiento.
El motor de desplazamiento 220 está configurado para mover selectivamente la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 entre una pluralidad de posiciones; en las formas de realización ilustradas se muestran tres posiciones. La primera posición, ilustrada en las figuras 5 y 6, permite la rotación del efector extremo 160; la segunda posición, ilustrada en la figura 7, permite la articulación del efector extremo 160; y la tercera posición, ilustrada en las figuras 9-11 y 14, permite la actuación del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100.
En las figuras 4-7, 9-10 y 14 se ilustra una vista recortada de una carcasa 212 del motor de accionamiento que rodea el motor de accionamiento 210. La carcasa 212 del motor de accionamiento incluye en ella una pluralidad de ranuras 214 (se ilustran tres ranuras 214a, 214b y 214c). Cada ranura 214 puede hacerse coincidir con un cerrojo de posición 216 para mantener la rueda dentada de accionamiento 210 en una posición deseada. Por ejemplo, en la figura 5 se muestra el cerrojo de posición 216 emparejado con la ranura 214a – correspondiente a la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 en su primera posición. En la figura 7, se muestra el cerrojo de posición 216 emparejado con la ranura 214b – correspondiente a la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 en su segunda posición. Las figuras 9, 10 y 14 ilustran el cerrojo de posición 216 emparejado con la ranura 214c – correspondiente a la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 en su tercera posición. El cerrojo de posición 216, en las formas de realización ilustradas, está cargado por resorte hacia la carcasa 212 del motor de accionamiento, lo que ayuda a colocar y mantener el motor de accionamiento 210 en una posición deseada.
En las formas de realización ilustradas, el motor de desplazamiento 220 está localizado en posición proximal al motor de accionamiento 210 y está configurado para trasladar el motor de accionamiento 210 a lo largo del eje C-C de rueda dentada de accionamiento entre sus posiciones primera, segunda y tercera. Haciendo referencia a la figura 10, el motor de desplazamiento 220 se ilustra accionando un tornillo de desplazamiento 222 en conjunción con un alojamiento 223 de tornillo internamente roscado (véase la figura 10), de acuerdo con una realización descrita. Además, se da a conocer que un sensor de desplazamiento 224 (véase la figura 4) (por ejemplo, un microinterruptor
o un sensor de proximidad óptico/ferromagnético activado por el cerrojo de posición 216), dispuesto junto al cerrojo de posición 216, se comunica eléctricamente con al menos un interruptor 124 para arrancar o parar el motor de desplazamiento 220 y/o proporciona realimentación relacionada con la posición del motor de accionamiento 210; por ejemplo, el modo de funcionamiento para el instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 se visualiza deseablemente en la pantalla 122. Por ejemplo, la posición del motor de accionamiento 210 puede indicarse sobre la pantalla 122 de la interfaz de usuario 120.
Haciendo referencia a las figuras 5 y 6, se ilustra la primera posición de la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200. Aquí, una corona dentada 230 o elemento de rotación está dispuesto dentro del alojamiento 110 y la rotación de la corona dentada 230 provoca la rotación de la parte endoscópica 140, el efector extremo 160 y una parte 110a de alojamiento distal del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100. Se contempla que una superficie interior del anillo 230 incluya roscas y/o dientes para engranar con la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 y se sujete a la parte 110a de alojamiento distal, que está dispuesta distalmente con respecto a una parte 110b de alojamiento proximal. Además, la parte 110a de alojamiento distal es giratoria con respecto a la parte 110b de alojamiento proximal a través de un canal periféricamente colocado 232 dispuesto dentro de la parte 110a de alojamiento distal y una brida correspondiente periféricamente colocada 234 dispuesta dentro de la parte 110b de alojamiento proximal.
En una forma de realización, la corona dentada 230 está asegurada rígidamente dentro de la parte 110a de alojamiento distal y puede acoplarse de forma conjugada a la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200. Así, la rotación de la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 hace que giren la corona dentada 230 y, por tanto, la parte 110a de alojamiento distal. En la figura 2, se muestra un labio 235 que aísla la mano de un usuario de la parte 110a de alojamiento distal giratoria. Se contempla que una pluralidad de arandelas o cojinetes de bolas (realizados posiblemente en polímeros resinosos sintéticos que contienen flúor, vendidos bajo la marca Teflon®) estén dispuestos entre la parte 110a de alojamiento distal y la parte 110b de alojamiento proximal para reducir la fricción rotacional entre ellas.
Haciendo referencia continuada a la forma de realización ilustrada en la figura 6, una pluralidad de fiadores 231 está dispuesta alrededor de una superficie 233 de la parte 110a de alojamiento distal. Se muestra una patilla 237 dispuesta en la parte 110b de alojamiento proximal, la cual puede comprender una uña o un elemento solicitado por resorte. En una realización descrita, se solicita distalmente una patilla 237 y ésta se encuentra en cooperación mecánica con al menos uno de la pluralidad de fiadores 231. La combinación de fiadores 231 y la patilla 237 ayuda a asegurar la parte 110a de alojamiento distal en una posición giratoria con respecto a la parte 110b de alojamiento proximal. Además, pueden disponerse los fiadores 231 y la patilla 237 para dar al usuario una realimentación audible y/o táctil cuando se hace girar la parte endoscópica 140. En una forma de realización descrita, puede utilizarse un solenoide de tres posiciones para bloquear la posición rotacional del efector extremo 160 una vez que se selecciona la posición rotacional deseada.
En la figura 7, se ilustra la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 en su segunda posición, cuando el cerrojo de posición 216 está alineado con la ranura 214b. Aquí, la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 está engranada de forma conjugada con una rueda dentada de articulación 240 que está dispuesta al menos parcialmente dentro del alojamiento 110. La rotación de la rueda dentada de articulación 240 hace que el efector extremo 160 se mueva desde su primera posición, en la que el eje longitudinal B-B está sustancialmente alineado con el eje longitudinal A-A, hacia una posición en la que el eje longitudinal B-B está dispuesto en ángulo con relación al eje longitudinal A-A. Preferiblemente, se consigue una pluralidad de posiciones articuladas.
En las formas de realización ilustradas y haciendo referencia específica a las figuras 7 y 8, la articulación del efector extremo 160 es efectuada por una rueda dentada de articulación 240, un tornillo de articulación 242, un varillaje de articulación 244 y al menos una varilla de articulación 260. Más específicamente, la rueda dentada de articulación 240 está montada rígidamente en el tornillo de articulación 242, de tal manera que, cuando la rueda dentada de articulación 240 se hace girar por la rotación de la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 mientras está en su segunda posición, el tornillo de articulación 242 gira también. Una pluralidad de cojinetes 262 se ilustra en diversas localizaciones en el tornillo de articulación 242 para facilitar la retención y alineación del accionamiento 242 del tornillo de articulación, así como la reducción de la fricción entre el tornillo de articulación 242 y el alojamiento 110, por ejemplo.
Haciendo referencia continuada a la figura 7, el tornillo de articulación 242 incluye una parte roscada 246 que se extiende a través de una parte internamente roscada 248 del varillaje de articulación 244. Esta relación entre el tornillo de articulación 242 y el varillaje de articulación 244 hace que el varillaje de articulación 244 se mueva distal y/o proximalmente (en las direcciones de las flechas D y E) a lo largo de la parte roscada 246 del tornillo de articulación 242 tras la rotación del tornillo de articulación 242. Por ejemplo, cuando el tornillo de articulación 242 gira en una primera dirección (por ejemplo, en el sentido de las agujas del reloj), el varillaje de articulación 244 se mueve proximalmente, y cuando el tornillo de articulación 242 gira en una segunda dirección (por ejemplo, en el sentido contrario al de las agujas del reloj), el varillaje de articulación 244 se mueve distalmente.
Se muestra al menos un brazo de articulación 250 que se extiende desde el varillaje de articulación 244. En una realización, el brazo de articulación 250 está conectado rígidamente a una varilla de articulación 260 y se contempla que más de un brazo de articulación 250 pueda conectarse a más de una varilla de articulación 260. Cuando el varillaje de articulación 244 se traslada distal y/o proximalmente en respuesta a la rotación de la rueda dentada de articulación 240, la varilla o varillas de articulación 260 se trasladan también distal y/o proximalmente (en las direcciones de las flechas F y G, a lo largo del eje longitudinal A-A) en respuesta a ello. Puede utilizarse cualquier combinación de interruptores de fin de carrera, sensores de proximidad (por ejemplo, ópticos y/o ferromagnéticos), transductores de desplazamiento lineal variable y codificadores de árbol (dispuestos dentro del alojamiento 110, por ejemplo) para controlar y/o registrar la localización del varillaje de articulación 244 y/o el ángulo de articulación del efector extremo 160 y/o la posición de una varilla de disparo 306 (como se discute posteriormente con referencia a las figuras 9 y 11).
Haciendo referencia a las figuras 8A y 8B, se muestra la varilla de articulación 260 extendiéndose a través de al menos una parte de la parte endoscópica 140 y en cooperación mecánica con una varilla de enlace 264. Así, la varilla de enlace 264 se mueve análogamente a lo largo del eje longitudinal A-A tras la rotación de la rueda dentada de articulación 240. Una parte distal 266 de la varilla de enlace 264 está en cooperación mecánica con el efector extremo 160, de tal manera que el movimiento proximal y distal de la varilla de enlace 264 hace que el efector extremo 160 se mueva desde su primera posición hacia su segunda posición alrededor de un pivote P. Por ejemplo, la varilla de enlace 264 está conectada al efector extremo 160 en una localización desplazada lateralmente con respecto al pivote P. Más específicamente, y para fines ilustrativos, cuando se mueve distalmente la varilla de enlace 264, el efector extremo 160 se articula en la dirección de la flecha H, y cuando la varilla de enlace 264 se traslada proximalmente, se articula el efector extremo 160 en la dirección de la flecha I. Se contempla también que una parte de la varilla de articulación 260 esté en cooperación mecánica con el efector extremo 160 para efectuar la articulación del mismo. Otros detalles del recurso de proporcionar articulación al efector extremo 160 se describen de forma pormenorizada en la patente US nº 6.953.130 de Milliman et al., en cotitularidad.
Según una forma de realización de la presente descripción, el efector extremo 160 incluye un conjunto de cartucho (por ejemplo, el elemento de mordaza 164) y un conjunto de yunque (por ejemplo, el elemento de mordaza 162) que incluye una parte de yunque para desplegar sujetadores quirúrgicos en tejido corporal y conformar los sujetadores quirúrgicos. El efector extremo 160 está montado pivotablemente alrededor de un eje sustancialmente perpendicular al eje longitudinal de la parte endoscópica 140. El conjunto de cartucho 164 aloja una pluralidad de grapas. El conjunto de yunque 162 puede moverse en relación con el conjunto de cartucho 164 entre una posición abierta separada del conjunto de cartucho 164 y una parte aproximada o sujeta en alineación yuxtapuesta con el conjunto de cartucho 164. Preferiblemente, las grapas están alojadas en el conjunto de cartucho 164 para aplicar filas lineales de grapas al tejido corporal. El efector extremo 160 se sujeta a una parte de montaje que está sujeta pivotablemente a una parte de cuerpo. La parte de cuerpo puede ser enteriza con la parte endoscópica 140 del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 o puede sujetarse de forma retirable a la misma para proporcionar una unidad de carga sustituible o desechable. La unidad de carga puede conectarse a la parte endoscópica 140 a través de una conexión de bayoneta. Se contempla que la unidad de carga tenga una biela de articulación conectada a la parte de montaje de la unidad de carga y que la biela de articulación esté conectada a la varilla de enlace de modo que el efector extremo 160 se articule cuando la varilla de enlace se traslade en la dirección distal-proximal a lo largo del eje longitudinal. Pueden utilizarse otros medios para conectar el efector extremo 160 a la parte endoscópica 140 a fin de permitir la articulación. Por ejemplo, pueden utilizarse un tubo flexible o una pluralidad de elementos pivotables.
Una unidad de carga puede incorporar (o configurarse para incorporar) diversos efectores extremos, tales como dispositivos de sellado de vasos, dispositivos de grapado lineal, dispositivos de grapado circular, cuchillas, etc. Los efectores extremos de este tipo pueden acoplarse a la parte endoscópica 140 del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado
100. Un vástago flexible intermedio 500 puede incluirse entre la parte de mango 112 y la unidad de carga. Por ejemplo, como se muestra en las figuras 15A-B, se muestran las partes endoscópica y distal 140, 142 como un vástago flexible 500. El vástago flexible 500 incluye una pluralidad de tubos exteriores angulados interconectados 501 y 502. La figura 15A muestra el vástago flexible en una formación no articulada y la figura 15B muestra el vástago flexible en una formación articulada. Cuando el vástago flexible 500 está recto, las secciones estrechas de los tubos 501 alternan con las secciones anchas de los tubos 502, como se muestra en la figura 15A. Cuando el vástago flexible 500 está completamente articulada, los lados cortos y los lados anchos de los tubos 501 y 502 están alineados, como se muestra en la figura 15B. Tal vástago flexible 500 puede facilitar el acceso a ciertas áreas del cuerpo.
Además, cuando pueden utilizarse diversas unidades de carga, un módulo de control digital (DCM) 130 (figura 4) puede controlar la fuerza que se aplica a la varilla 306 de modo que la varilla 306 pueda accionar el efector extremo particular que está sobre la unidad de carga en uso en ese momento. Por motivos de claridad, no se muestran en las figuras los cables que conectan el DCM 130 a diversos componentes del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100, pero tales cables se contemplan en la presente descripción. La unidad de carga puede incluir también un sensor mecánico o electrónico que indica al DCM 130 que el efector extremo está en la unidad de carga. En una realización, el DCM 130 es capaz también de almacenar información relativa a la fuerza aplicada a la varilla 306. Adicionalmente, el voltaje y la corriente procedentes del motor de accionamiento 210 pueden medirse para proporcionar información y/o realimentación con respecto al estado del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100. Por ejemplo, si el usuario está intentando sujetar tejido que es demasiado grueso, aumentarán el voltaje y/o la corriente. Esta información puede proporcionarse al usuario y/o la potencia puede interrumpirse o anularse. Se contempla que tal característica ayude a impedir daños a los mecanismos del instrumento.
Haciendo referencia a las figuras 9-11 y 14, se ilustra la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 en su tercera posición con el cerrojo de posición 216 alineado con la ranura 214c. Aquí, la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 está engranada de forma conjugada con una rueda dentada actuadora 300 que está dispuesta al menos parcialmente dentro del alojamiento 110. Más específicamente, un conjunto de dientes 202 dispuesto en una cara 204 (figura 4) de la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 engrana de forma conjugada con la rueda dentada actuadora 300 para proporcionar al menos uno de entre los recursos de agarrar tejido, sujetar tejido y disparar el efector extremo 160 (por ejemplo, grapado y corte) y retraer elementos a su posición original.
Haciendo referencia continuada a las figuras 9 y 11, se incluyen también un tubo de accionamiento 302, un tapón 304 y una varilla de disparo 306. El tubo de accionamiento 302 incluye roscas internas (no mostradas explícitamente) a lo largo de al menos una parte de su longitud y está rígidamente sujeto a la rueda dentada actuadora 300. El tapón 304 está acoplado roscadamente a las roscas internas del tubo de accionamiento 302 y puede trasladarse dentro del tubo de accionamiento 302 con respecto a la rueda dentada actuadora 300. La figura 9 muestra el tapón 304 cerca de su posición más proximal y la figura 11 ilustra el tapón 304 cerca de su posición más distal. La varilla de disparo 306 está conectada rígidamente al tapón 304 y se extiende lateralmente desde el mismo. En una realización de la descripción, la varilla de disparo 306 se extiende al menos hasta la parte distal 142 de la parte endoscópica 140.
En respuesta a la rotación de la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200, la rueda dentada actuadora 300 y el tubo de accionamiento 302 también giran. Cuando gira el tubo de accionamiento 302, el tapón 304 y la varilla de disparo 306 se trasladan proximal y/o distalmente dentro de los confines del tubo de accionamiento 302. La traslación distal de la varilla de disparo 306 (correspondiente, por ejemplo, a una rotación de la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 en el sentido de las agujas del reloj) puede hacer que los elementos de mordaza 162, 164 (véase la figura 1) del efector extremo 160 agarren o sujeten tejido mantenido entre ellos. La traslación distal adicional de la varilla de disparo 306 puede hacer que los sujetadores quirúrgicos sean expulsados del efector extremo 160 (por ejemplo, a través de barras de leva y/o un trineo de actuación (ninguno de ellos se muestra explícitamente en esta realización)) para sujetar tejido y puede hacer también que un bisturí (no mostrado explícitamente en esta realización) corte tejido. La traslación proximal de la varilla de disparo 306 (correspondiente, por ejemplo, a una rotación de la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 en el sentido contrario al de las agujas del reloj) puede hacer que los elementos de mordaza 162, 164 y/o el bisturí vuelvan a sus posiciones predisparadas. Otros detalles del disparo y de la restante actuación del efector extremo 160 se describen de forma pormenorizada en la patente US nº 6.953.139 de Milliman et al., en cotitularidad.
En una forma de realización de la descripción, la parte de yunque del efector extremo 160 incluye una superficie de leva destinada a ser acoplada con el conjunto de accionamiento del efector extremo 160. El conjunto de accionamiento incluye una barra de accionamiento que tiene deseablemente un bisturí para cortar tejido. La barra de accionamiento tiene un rodillo de leva posicionado para aplicarse a la superficie de leva y una brida posicionada para acoplarse al conjunto de cartucho con el fin de efectuar la aproximación del conjunto de yunque 162 y el conjunto de cartucho 164 uno con respecto a otro cuando la barra de accionamiento se hace avanzar distalmente. Además, cuando se la hace avanzar adicionalmente en la dirección distal, la barra de accionamiento se acopla a un elemento de actuación para desplegar los sujetadores quirúrgicos del conjunto de cartucho, como se describe en la patente US nº 6.953.139 de Milliman.
Cualquier combinación de sensores puede posicionarse dentro del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 para determinar la posición de diversos componentes y/o su etapa de funcionamiento, por ejemplo articulación, rotación, sujeción, disparo del efector extremo 160. Por ejemplo, los interruptores de fin de carrera, los sensores de proximidad (por ejemplo, lineales y/o ferromagnéticos), los potenciómetros, los transductores de desplazamiento lineal variable (LVDT), los codificadores de árbol, etc., pueden utilizarse para ayudar a controlar y/o registrar la localización del varillaje de articulación 244, la varilla de disparo 306 y/o la corona dentada 230, como se discute anteriormente.
Haciendo referencia ahora a las figuras 9, 11 y 12, la parte endoscópica 140 incluye un alojamiento de tubo 144 que se extiende desde un área adyacente al alojamiento 110 hacia el efector extremo 160. Cuando gira el tubo de accionamiento 302, el efector extremo 160 no gira como consecuencia directa de ello. Haciendo referencia a la figura 13, el alojamiento de tubo 144 incluye partes planas 148, que corresponden a partes planas 310 de la varilla de disparo 306. El par de partes planas 148 y 310 ayuda a impedir la rotación de la varilla de disparo 306 ayudando a limitar la varilla de disparo 306 a un movimiento axial.
Haciendo referencia a la figura 9, se muestra un árbol 218 de motor de accionamiento que se extiende desde el motor de accionamiento 210 y que se conecta a la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200. Un sujetador (no mostrado explícitamente en esta realización) puede utilizarse para retener la rueda dentada de accionamiento 220 en el árbol 218 del motor de accionamiento. El árbol 218 del motor de accionamiento se hace girar por el motor de accionamiento 210, dando así como resultado la rotación de la rueda dentada de accionamiento 220. El árbol 218 del motor de accionamiento se muestra con una parte plana 219 (puede incluirse más de una porcia parte plana 219) que permite “juego” o “flotación rotacional” entre la rueda dentada de accionamiento 220 y el árbol 218 del motor de accionamiento para facilitar la alineación de dientes de las ruedas dentadas y para ayudar a permitir que la rueda dentada de accionamiento 220 se desplace entre posiciones. La figura 9 ilustra también un cojinete 308 dispuesto dentro del alojamiento 110 y que rodea al menos parcialmente el tubo de accionamiento 302. El cojinete 308 facilita la rotación del tubo de accionamiento 302 y ayuda a alinear el tubo de accionamiento 302 a través de la parte endoscópica 140 y soporta toda la carga de empuje entre la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 y la rueda dentada actuadora 300.
En la figura 10, se muestra un transductor 420 junto al motor de accionamiento 210 y el motor de desplazamiento
220. El transductor 420 (por ejemplo, un transductor de fuerza o presión) puede medir y/o controlar la fuerza requerida para la presión deseada sobre la rueda dentada actuadora 300. El transductor 420 puede estar en comunicación con partes de la interfaz de usuario 120 que pueden proporcionar realimentación a un usuario. Adicionalmente, un acoplamiento de resorte 430 se ilustra entre el motor de accionamiento 210 y el motor de desplazamiento 220. Específicamente, en una realización descrita, el acoplamiento de resorte 430 incluye un resorte 432 montado en una jaula telescópica 434. El tornillo de desplazamiento 222 se muestra extendiéndose a través del resorte 432 y puede configurarse para aplicar una carga de compresión sobre el resorte 432. Se contempla que la jaula 434 pueda aplastarse cuando se comprime el resorte 432. La fuerza aplicada al motor de accionamiento 210 puede ajustarse utilizando el resorte 432 y/o la jaula 434.
En una realización de la descripción, la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 y la rueda dentada actuadora 300 forman una cara de embrague. Los dientes de rueda dentada están dispuestos para deslizarse a menos que se aplique una fuerza umbral al motor de accionamiento 210 por el motor de desplazamiento 200 y un acoplamiento de resorte 430 (como se discute más abajo en conexión con la figura 10) dispuesto entre ellos. Además, cuando el motor de desplazamiento 200 y el acoplamiento de resorte 430 apliquen la fuerza umbral necesaria para que la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 y la rueda dentada actuadora 300 se acoplen sin deslizamiento, la varilla 306 será accionada distalmente. La jaula telescópica 434 puede incluir un tope incorporado a ella, de tal manera que la jaula 434 retraerá la varilla 306 en vez de descomprimir el acoplamiento de resorte 430.
Haciendo referencia a la figura 3, la interfaz de usuario 120 se muestra incluyendo una pantalla 122 y siete interruptores 124a-124g. En la realización ilustrada, la interfaz de usuario muestra el “modo” (por ejemplo, rotación, articulación o actuación), que puede comunicarse a la interfaz de usuario 120 a través del sensor de desplazamiento 224 (figura 4), el “estatus” (por ejemplo, ángulo de articulación, velocidad de rotación o tipo de actuación) y la “realimentación”, tal como si se hubieran disparado grapas. El interruptor 124a se muestra con una “M”, significado modo, que puede utilizarse para posicionar la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 a través del motor de desplazamiento 220 a fin de seleccionar entre rotación, articulación, agarre, sujeción y disparo. Se contempla también que el interruptor 124a pueda utilizarse para dejar que un usuario introduzca diferentes tipos de tejido y diversos tamaños y longitudes de cartuchos de grapas.
Los interruptores 124b-124e de la interfaz de usuario 120 se muestran con flechas sobre ellos y pueden utilizarse para seleccionar la dirección, la velocidad y/o el par con los que el motor de accionamiento 210 hace girar la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200. Se contempla también que al menos un interruptor 124 pueda utilizarse para seleccionar un modo de emergencia que anule diversos ajustes, por ejemplo. Además, los interruptores 124f y 124g se ilustran con una “N” y una “Y” sobre los mismos. Se contempla que los interruptores 124f y 124g puedan utilizarse para ayudar a un usuario a navegar y seleccionar diversos ajustes del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100. Las indicaciones en los interruptores 124a-124g y sus respectivas funciones no están limitadas por lo que se muestra en las figuras que se acompañan, ya que se contemplan desviaciones de ello que están dentro del alcance de la presente descripción. Adicionalmente y con referencia a las figuras 1 y 2, los botones 114a y 114b puedan utilizarse para iniciar y/o detener el movimiento del motor de accionamiento 210 y/o el motor de desplazamiento 220. Se anticipan también otras funciones para los botones 114 y 114b así como el tener más o menos botones 114. En una realización particular, los interruptores 124a-124g pueden incluir uno o más interruptores de membrana microelectrónicos, por ejemplo. Un interruptor de membrana microelectrónico de este tipo incluye una fuerza de actuación relativamente baja, un tamaño de paquete pequeño, un tamaño y forma ergonómicos, un perfil bajo, la capacidad de incluir letras moldeadas en el interruptor, símbolos, representaciones y/o indicaciones, y un coste bajo de material. Además, los interruptores 124a-124g (tal como interruptores de membrana microelectrónicos) pueden sellarse para ayudar a facilitar la esterilización del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100, así como para ayudar a impedir la contaminación con partículas y/o fluido.
Como alternativa o además de los interruptores 124 o los botones 114, otros dispositivos de entrada pueden incluir tecnología de entrada de voz, que puede incluir hardware y/o software incorporados en un módulo de control digital (DCM) 130 (figura 4), o un módulo digital independiente conectado al DCM 130. La tecnología de entrada de voz puede incluir reconocimiento de voz, activación por voz, rectificación por voz y/o discurso incrustado. El usuario puede ser capaz de controlar el funcionamiento del instrumento en todo o en parte a través de comandos de voz, liberando así una o ambas manos del usuario para hacer funcionar otros instrumentos. La voz u otra salida audible pueden utilizarse también para proporcionar realimentación al usuario.
En una forma de realización, el acoplamiento de resorte 430 se utiliza en la realimentación y el control del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100. Como se describe anteriormente, el DCM 130 puede estar conectado a uno
o más botones 114 o interruptores 124 y una o más pantallas de visualización 122 para proporcionar realimentación al usuario y para ayudar a controlar el funcionamiento del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100. El DCM 130 puede ser una tarjeta digital incorporada al alojamiento 110 del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100. El acoplamiento de resorte 430 puede incluir un transductor de presión que puede interactuar con el DCM 130 para controlar la fuerza que se aplica a la varilla 306.
Se contempla también que la interfaz de usuario 120 incluya diferentes colores y/o intensidades de texto en la pantalla 122 y/o interruptores 124a-124g para la diferenciación adicional entre los objetos visualizados. La realimentación al usuario puede incluirse también en forma de patrones pulsados de luz, realimentación acústica (por ejemplo, timbres, campanas o pitidos que pueden sonar a intervalos de tiempo seleccionados), realimentación verbal y/o realimentación vibratoria háptica (tal como un motor asíncrono o solenoides), por ejemplo. La realimentación visual, audible o háptica puede aumentar o disminuir de intensidad. Por ejemplo, la intensidad de la realimentación puede utilizarse para indicar que las fuerzas en el instrumento están siendo excesivas. Adicionalmente, los interruptores 124a-124g pueden posicionarse a diferentes alturas uno respecto de otro y/o pueden incluirse indicaciones resaltadas u otras características texturales (por ejemplo, concavidad o convexidad) para permitir que un usuario presione un interruptor apropiado 124 sin necesidad de mirar la interfaz de usuario 120. Además, la parte 110b de alojamiento proximal puede utilizarse como sistema de control de tipo palanca de juego.
Adicionalmente, la interfaz de usuario 120 puede incluir una pantalla o pantallas de visualización independientes 122 y dispositivos de entrada (tales como interruptores 124 o botones 114), o los dispositivos de entrada pueden incorporarse en su totalidad o en parte en la pantalla 122. Por ejemplo, un dispositivo de visualización de cristal líquido (LCD) de pantalla táctil puede utilizarse para permitir que el usuario proporcione entradas mientras ve la realimentación operativa. El LCD de pantalla táctil puede incluir controles resistivos, capacitivos o de onda acústica superficial. Este enfoque puede permitir que se facilite el sellado de los componentes de la pantalla 122 para ayudar a esterilizar el instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100, así como para impedir la contaminación por partículas y/o fluidos. En ciertas formas de realización, la pantalla 122 está montada pivotable o giratoriamente en el instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 para mayor flexibilidad al ver la pantalla 122 durante el uso o la preparación. La pantalla 122 puede articularse o montarse mediante una junta de rótula en el instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100, por ejemplo.
En una forma de realización descrita, al menos parte de la información vigilada por los diversos sensores del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 puede proporcionarse a una pantalla de video o a un sistema de vigilancia en un quirófano. Por ejemplo, los datos pueden transmitirse a un receptor para el sistema de vigilancia de quirófano desde un transmisor de comunicación incorporado o asociado al instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100, a través de tecnología que incluye Blue Tooth, ANT3, KNX, Z Wave, X10, USB inalámbrico, WiFi, IrDa, Nanonet, Tiny OS, ZigBee, radio, UHF y VHF. Tales características pueden facilitar la vigilancia por el usuario del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 u otro personal de quirófano u hospital o personas ubicadas remotamente.
Haciendo referencia a la figura 4, cualquier combinación de un paquete de baterías 400, pila de combustible y/o condensador de alta energía puede utilizarse para proporcionar potencia al instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100. Por ejemplo, pueden utilizarse condensadores en conjunción con un paquete de baterías 400. Aquí, pueden utilizarse condensadores para una ráfaga de potencia cuando se desea/requiere energía más rápidamente que la que puede proporcionarse con una batería propia (por ejemplo, cuando se sujeta tejido grueso, disparo rápido, sujeción, etc.), ya que las baterías son dispositivos típicamente de vaciado lento de los cuales no puede extraerse rápidamente corriente. Se contempla que las baterías puedan conectarse a condensadores para cargarlos.
Se contempla también que el paquete de baterías 400 incluya al menos una batería desechable. La batería desechable puede estar entre alrededor de 9 voltios y alrededor de 30 voltios y puede ser útil en un instrumento quirúrgico desechable. Se contemplan también otros medios de suministro de potencia, incluyendo potencia eléctrica. En formas de realización alternativas, se proporciona un cordón para conectar el instrumento 100 a un generador.
En una forma de realización descrita, el DCM está conectado al motor de desplazamiento 220 y el motor de accionamiento 210 y está configurado y dispuesto para vigilar la impedancia, el voltaje, la temperatura y/o la extracción de corriente de la batería 400 y para controlar el funcionamiento del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado
100. La carga o cargas en la batería 400, la transmisión, los motores 220, 210 y los componentes de accionamiento del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 se determinan de modo que controlen una velocidad de motor si la carga
o cargas indican que se alcanza o se llega cerca de una limitación dañina. Por ejemplo, pueden determinarse la energía que queda en la batería 400, el número de disparos que quedan, si la batería 400 debe sustituirse o cargarse y/o la aproximación a los límites de carga potenciales del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100.
El DCM puede configurarse y disponerse para controlar o ayudar a controlar el funcionamiento del motor de desplazamiento 220 y/o del motor de accionamiento 210 a fin de responder a la información vigilada. La modulación de impulsos, que puede incluir un embrague electrónico, puede utilizarse para controlar la salida. Por ejemplo, el DCM puede regular el voltaje o modular el voltaje por impulsos con el fin de ajustar la potencia y/o la salida de par para impedir daños al sistema u optimizar el uso de energía. Puede utilizarse un circuito de frenado eléctrico para controlar el motor de accionamiento 210 y/o el motor de desplazamiento 220, que utilice la fuerza contraelectromotriz (EMF) existente del motor de accionamiento 210 en rotación para contrarrestar y reducir sustancialmente la cantidad de movimiento de la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200. El circuito de frenado eléctrico puede mejorar el control del motor de accionamiento 210 y/o el motor de desplazamiento 220 para fines de precisión, detención y/o localización de desplazamiento del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100. Los sensores para vigilar los componentes del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 y para ayudar a impedir sobrecargas del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 pueden incluir sensores de tipo térmico, tales como sensores térmicos, termistores, termopilas, termopares y/o formación de imagen por infrarrojos térmicos, y proporcionar realimentación al DCM. El DCM puede controlar los componentes del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 en el caso de que se alcancen los límites o se llegue cerca de estos, y tal control puede incluir cortar la potencia del paquete de baterías 400, interrumpir temporalmente la potencia o ir al modo pausa o realizar una modulación por impulsos para limitar la energía utilizada, y el DCM puede vigilar la temperatura de los componentes para determinar cuándo puede reanudarse el funcionamiento. Los usos anteriores del DCM pueden utilizarse independientemente de las mediciones de corriente, voltaje, temperatura y/o impedancia o pueden emplear éstas como factor.
En la forma de realización ilustrada en la figura 5, se muestra el motor de desplazamiento 220 incluyendo un alojamiento 226 de dos partes. Ambas partes 226a y 226b del alojamiento 226 de dos partes están acopladas deslizablemente una a otra. Se contempla que la parte 226a esté rígidamente asegurada a la carcasa 212 del motor de accionamiento, mientras que la parte 226b está fijada al motor de desplazamiento 220 y puede trasladarse dentro del alojamiento 110. Adicionalmente, puede incluirse una ranura de cableado 228 para permitir que los cables (no mostrados explícitamente en esta realización) pasen desde el transductor 420 hacia la interfaz de usuario 120, por ejemplo (véase también la figura 10).
Haciendo referencia a la figura 14, se ilustra el instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 con una parte de mango 112 de tipo empuñadura de pistola. Aquí, la parte de mango 112 está dispuesta en ángulo (por ejemplo, sustancialmente 90º) con respecto al eje longitudinal A-A. En esta realización, se contempla que al menos un botón 114 esté dispuesto sobre ella. Adicionalmente, la interfaz de usuario 120 puede posicionarse aproximadamente en la posición mostrada en la figura 14. Además, un mango móvil (no mostrado explícitamente en esta realización) puede emplearse para controlar diversas funciones del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100.
Se contempla que el efector extremo 160 sea reutilizable, pueda aceptar un cartucho de grapas y/o sea parte de una unidad de carga desechable. Otros detalles de una unidad de carga desechable se describen de forma pormenorizada en la patente US nº 5.752.644 de Bolanos et al. propiedad también de la presente solicitante. Las unidades de carga desechables y/o sustituibles pueden incluir efectores extremos sin articulación, como se describe en la patente US nº 6.953.139 de Milliman et al. Puede disponerse un interruptor junto a la parte de mango 112 para desactivar electrónicamente la segunda posición del motor de desplazamiento 220. Pueden utilizarse también otros medios tales como medios mecánicos.
Una unidad de carga desechable o sustituible que incorpora un efector extremo quirúrgico 160, en ciertas formas de realización de la presente descripción, incluye sensores posicionados dentro de la unidad de carga para determinar la posición de diversos componentes y/o el funcionamiento del efector extremo 160, tal como articulación, rotación, sujeción y disparo del efector extremo 160. Por ejemplo, se utilizan contactos eléctricos, sensores de proximidad, sensores ópticos, fotodiodos y/o sensores mecánicos o metálicos para controlar y/o registrar información concerniente al efector extremo 160. Pueden determinarse también la localización del conjunto de yunque 162 y el conjunto de cartucho 164 uno con respecto a otro, la posición articulada o no articulada del efector extremo 160, la rotación del efector extremo 160 y/o la carga correcta de la unidad de carga, el cartucho de grapas y/o los componentes del cartucho de grapas.
Puede incluirse también un sistema de identificación para determinar y comunicar al DCM diversas informaciones, incluyendo velocidad, potencia, par, sujeción, longitud de recorrido y limitaciones de resistencia para hacer funcionar el efector extremo particular 160. El DCM puede determinar también el modo operativo y ajustar el voltaje, la carga del resorte de embrague y los puntos de parada del recorrido de los componentes. Más específicamente, el sistema de identificación puede incluir un componente (por ejemplo, un microchip, emisor o transmisor) en el efector extremo 160, que comunica (por ejemplo, de forma inalámbrica, a través de señales de infrarrojos, etc.) con el DCM o un receptor de éste. Se contempla también que una señal pueda enviarse a través de la varilla de disparo 306, de tal manera que la varilla de disparo 306 funcione como un conducto para comunicaciones entre el DCM y el efector extremo 160.
La unidad de carga, en ciertas formas de realización según la presente descripción, incluye un conjunto de accionamiento axial que coopera con la varilla de disparo 306 para aproximar el conjunto de yunque 162 y el conjunto de cartucho 164 del efector extremo 160, y para disparar grapas desde el cartucho de grapas. El conjunto de accionamiento axial puede incluir una barra que se desplaza distalmente a través del cartucho de grapas y puede retraerse después de que se hayan disparado las grapas, como se describe en ciertas formas de realización de la patente US nº 6.953.139 de Milliman et al. A modo de ejemplo, los sensores discutidos anteriormente pueden utilizarse para determinar si las grapas se han disparado desde el cartucho de grapas, si se han disparado completamente, si se ha retraído proximalmente la barra a través del cartucho de grapas y en qué extensión lo ha hecho, y otra información relativa al funcionamiento de la unidad de carga. En ciertas formas de realización de la presente descripción, la unidad de carga incorpora componentes para identificar el tipo de unidad de carga y/o de cartucho de grapas cargado en el instrumento 100, incluyendo chips de identificación por infrarrojos, celulares o por radiofrecuencia (tal como Sensormatic o una tecnología similar). El tipo de unidad de carga y/o de cartucho de grapas puede ser recibido por un receptor asociado dentro del DCM o un dispositivo externo del quirófano para proporcionar realimentación, control y/o análisis de inventario. El paquete de potencia o de pilas 400 puede incorporar un componente para identificar el tipo de paquete de potencia 400 cargado con el instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 o para enviar realimentación referida al estado del paquete de potencia 400.
En ciertas formas de realización de la presente descripción, el instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 incluye unidades de carga desechables o sustituibles que incorporan un efector extremo quirúrgico 160 y una parte reutilizable que incluye el alojamiento 110 y la parte endoscópica 140 que se sujeta retirablemente a la unidad de carga. La parte reutilizable puede configurarse para esterilización y reutilización en una intervención quirúrgica posterior. En una realización, los componentes del alojamiento 110 están sellados contra la infiltración por contaminación por partículas y/o fluido y ayudan a impedir daños en el componente por el proceso de esterilización. El paquete de potencia 400, en ciertas formas de realización según la presente invención, comprende una batería recargable. La batería recargable puede conectarse a contactos accesibles en el alojamiento 110 del instrumento 100, por ejemplo, o la batería recargable puede recargarse a través de una interfaz de carga inductiva sellada dentro del alojamiento 110. La interfaz de carga inductiva puede eliminar el cortocircuito de contactos y proporciona una batería interna que puede sellarse herméticamente o de forma resistente a los líquidos.
La presente descripción se refiere también a un procedimiento de aplicar sujetadores quirúrgicos a tejido. El procedimiento incluye el uso de un instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 como el que se describe anteriormente.
Haciendo referencia ahora a las figuras 16-19, con el número de referencia 1000 se designa un instrumento quirúrgico motorizado, por ejemplo una grapadora quirúrgica, de acuerdo con otras formas de realización de la presente descripción. El instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 1000 incluye un alojamiento 1100, una parte endoscópica 1400 que define un primer eje longitudinal D-D que se extiende a su través, una parte de vástago 1500 y un efector extremo 1600 que define un segundo eje longitudinal E-E que se extiende a su través. Otros detalles del instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 1000 se incluyen en la solicitud de patente US nº de serie 11/786.933 (H-US-00977; 2035562). Aunque las características de las formas de realización ilustradas en las figuras 16-19 se muestran en conexión con un tipo particular de instrumento quirúrgico 1000, se contempla que las características descritas con respecto a las figuras 16-19 sean operativas con otros instrumentos quirúrgicos, tal como el instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 100 de las figuras 1-15.
Con referencia continuada a la figura 16, la parte endoscópica 1400 se extiende distalmente desde el alojamiento 1100, la parte de vástago 1500 puede conectarse selectivamente a un extremo distal 1402 de la parte endoscópica 1400 y el efector extremo 1600 puede conectarse selectivamente a un extremo distal 1502 de la parte de vástago 1500. Como se muestra en las figuras 16-18, puede utilizarse una pluralidad de diferentes partes de vástago 1500 con el instrumento quirúrgico 1000 y una pluralidad de diferentes efectores extremos 1600 puede utilizarse también con el instrumento quirúrgico 1000.
Más específicamente, una pluralidad de diferentes partes de vástago 1500 puede conectarse de forma retirable a la parte endoscópica 1400, por ejemplo para una finalidad particular. Se contempla que al menos una sección de la parte de vástago 1500 pueda ser articulable (figura 17A), estar curvada (figura 17B) o estar hecha de un material dócil (tal como, por ejemplo, se ilustra en la figura 17C).
Como se muestra en las figuras 16-18, una pluralidad de diferentes clases de efectores extremos 1600 puede conectarse retirablemente a la parte de vástago 1500 del instrumento quirúrgico 1000. Se contempla que algunas clases de efectores extremos 1600 que son selectivamente conectables al extremo distal 1502 de la parte de vástago 1600 incluyan las que tienen un conjunto de cartucho pivotable (figuras 16 y 19), un conjunto de cartucho sustancialmente circular (figuras 17A, 17B y 17C) y elementos de mordaza paralelos (figura 18). Se contempla además que diferentes subclases de cada clase del efector extremo 1600 puedan conectarse a la parte de vástago 1500.
Por ejemplo, dentro de la clase de efectores extremos 1600 que incluyen un conjunto de cartucho sustancialmente circular, dispositivos de tipo anastomosis gastrointestinal, dispositivos de tipo anastomosis transversa (véanse, por ejemplo, las patentes US nº 4.383.634, nº 5.782.396, nº 5.865.361 y nº 5.318.221) y dispositivos de tipo anastomosis circular (véase, por ejemplo, la patente US nº 4.304.236). Los dispositivos de tipo anastomosis gastrointestinal están configurados para hincar y doblar grapas alineadas en una fila, secuencialmente y en sucesión rápida, mientras que los dispositivos de tipo anastomosis transversa hincan y doblan todas las grapas simultáneamente. Los dispositivos de tipo anastomosis circular están configurados para aplicar simultáneamente filas anulares de grapas al tejido.
Adicionalmente, dentro de la clase de efectores extremos 1600 que tienen un conjunto de cartucho pivotable, las subclases pueden incluir efectores extremos 1600 configurados para hincar grapas secuencialmente y efectores extremos 1600 configurados para hincar grapas simultáneamente.
Por tanto, se contempla que una parte 1500 de vástago particular pueda estar configurada para uso con una clase particular de efectores extremos 1600, tal como los efectores extremos 1600, incluyendo un conjunto de cartucho sustancialmente circular. En tal realización, otra parte de vástago 1500 puede estar configurada para uso con otra clase particular de efectores extremos 1600, tal como los efectores extremos 1600 que incluyen un conjunto de cartucho pivotable o los efectores extremos 1600 que tienen elementos de mordaza que se aproximan uno a otro mientras permanecen sustancialmente paralelos.
Se contempla además que una parte de vástago particular 1500 pueda estar configurada para uso con un tipo particular de efector extremo 1600, tales como los efectores extremos 1600 configurados para disparar secuencialmente grapas (comprendiendo efectores extremos 1600 que incluyen un conjunto de cartucho sustancialmente circular, los efectores extremos 1600 que incluyen un conjunto de cartucho pivotable o efectores extremos 1600 que tienen elementos de mordaza aproximables paralelos) o los efectores extremos 1600 configurados para el disparo secuencial de grapas, por ejemplo.
Adicionalmente, se contempla que una parte 1500 de vástago particular puede configurarse para uso con varios tipos de efectores extremos 1600, comprendiendo los efectores extremos 1600 que incluyen un conjunto de cartucho sustancialmente circular, un conjunto de cartucho pivotable, elementos de mordaza aproximables paralelos, configurados para el disparo secuencial de grapas y/o configurados para el disparo simultáneo de grapas. Aquí, un médico puede seleccionar una parte de vástago particular 1500 sobre la base de otras características, tal como la parte de vástago 1500 que es articulable, está curvada o es dócil, por ejemplo.
Al menos un componente electrónico 1700 puede incluirse también en una parte del instrumento quirúrgico 1000. Se contempla que un primer sensor 1700a esté incluido en la parte endoscópica 1400, un segundo sensor 1700b esté incluido en la parte de vástago 1500 y un tercer sensor 1700c esté incluido en el efector extremo 1600. Se contempla que los sensores 1700 cooperen con un receptor/controlador dispuesto en el alojamiento 1100, en otro lugar del instrumento 1000 o en un dispositivo separado del instrumento 1000 para diversos fines. Por ejemplo, el primer sensor 1700a puede estar configurado para detectar el tipo de parte de vástago 1500 que está acoplada a la parte endoscópica 1400. Además, el segundo sensor 1700b puede estar configurado para detectar el tipo de efector extremo 1600 que está acoplado a la parte de vástago 1500.
Se contempla además que esté incluida una interfaz de usuario 1800 en el alojamiento 1100. En una realización descrita, la interfaz de usuario 1800 incluye una pantalla que muestra al menos parte de la información (por ejemplo, tipo de parte de vástago 1500 conectada a la parte endoscópica 1400, tipo de efector extremo 1600 conectado a la parte de vástago 1500, etc.) detectada por los sensores 1700 en el instrumento quirúrgico 1000. La interfaz de usuario 1800 puede mostrar también una condición del efector extremo 1600, tal como el ángulo de articulación o rotación, si se han disparado grapas desde el mismo, si el tejido está entre los elementos de mordaza, etc. Esta información puede proporcionarse también a una pantalla de vídeo o sistema de vigilancia en un quirófano. Por ejemplo, los datos pueden transmitirse a un receptor para el sistema de vigilancia del quirófano desde un transmisor de comunicación incorporado en el instrumento quirúrgico motorizado 1000 o asociado a éste, a través de tecnología que incluye Blue Tooth, ANT3, KNX, Z Wave, X10, USB inalámbrico, WiFi, IrDa, Nanonet, Tiny OS, ZigBee, radio, UHF y VHF.
Se entenderá que pueden hacerse diversas modificaciones a las formas de realización descritas aquí. Por ejemplo, las localizaciones a lo largo del eje longitudinal para el motor de accionamiento 210 y/o la rueda dentada de accionamiento 200 pueden ser diferentes de las mostradas. Pueden utilizarse diferentes tipos de ruedas dentadas para accionamiento, rotación, articulación y/o actuación. Por tanto, la descripción anterior no deberá interpretarse como limitativa, sino meramente como ejemplificaciones de diversas formas de realización. Los expertos en la materia contemplarán otras modificaciones dentro del alcance de las reivindicaciones adjuntas a esta memoria.
Claims (7)
- REIVINDICACIONES1. Instrumento quirúrgico (100) que comprende:un alojamiento (110);una parte endoscópica (140) que se extiende distalmente desde el alojamiento (110) y que define un primer eje longitudinal (A-A);una rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) dispuesta al menos parcialmente dentro del alojamiento (110), pudiendo girar la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) alrededor de un eje (C-C) de rueda dentada de accionamiento que se extiende a su través y pudiendo moverse selectivamente a lo largo del eje (C-C) de rueda dentada de accionamiento entre una primera posición, una segunda posición y una tercera posición;un motor de accionamiento (210) dispuesto en cooperación mecánica con la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) y que está configurado para hacer girar la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200);un motor de desplazamiento (220) dispuesto en cooperación mecánica con la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) y que está configurado para mover la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) a lo largo del eje (C-C) de rueda dentada de accionamiento entre la primera posición, la segunda posición y la tercera posición;una parte de vástago (1500) selectivamente conectable a un extremo distal de la parte endoscópica;un efector extremo (160, 1600) selectivamente conectable a un extremo distal de la parte de vástago, incluyendo el efector extremo (160, 1600) un primer elemento de mordaza y un segundo elemento de mordaza, y definiendo el efector extremo (160) un segundo eje longitudinal (B-B);una corona dentada (230) dispuesta al menos parcialmente dentro del alojamiento (110) y que está dispuesta en cooperación mecánica con el efector extremo (160, 1600), provocando la rotación de la corona dentada (230) la rotación de al menos una parte del efector extremo (160, 1600) alrededor del primer eje longitudinal;una rueda dentada actuadora (300) dispuesta al menos parcialmente dentro del alojamiento (110) y que está dispuesta en cooperación mecánica con el efector extremo (160, 1600), provocando la rotación de la rueda dentada actuadora (300) el movimiento de al menos un elemento de mordaza hacia el otro elemento de mordaza; yuna rueda dentada de articulación (240) dispuesta al menos parcialmente dentro del alojamiento (110) y que está dispuesta en cooperación mecánica con el efector extremo (160);en el que la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) está engranada mecánicamente con la corona dentada (230) cuando la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) está en la primera posición, estando la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) engranada mecánicamente con la rueda dentada de articulación (240) cuando la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) está en la segunda posición, y estando la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) engranada mecánicamente con la rueda dentada actuadora (300) cuando la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) está en la tercera posición.
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- 2.
- Instrumento quirúrgico (100) según la reivindicación 1, en el que al menos un tramo de la parte de vástago (1500) es al menos uno de entre un tramo flexible y un tramo curvado.
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- 3.
- Instrumento quirúrgico (100) según la reivindicación 1 o 2, en el que la parte de vástago (1500) está configurada para aceptar una pluralidad de tipos de efectores extremos (160, 1600).
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- 4.
- Instrumento quirúrgico (100) según la reivindicación 3, en el que la pluralidad de tipos de efectores extremos (160, 1600) incluye unos efectores extremos que presentan un conjunto de cartucho pivotable, un conjunto de cartucho sustancialmente circular y unos elementos de mordaza paralelos.
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- 5.
- Instrumento quirúrgico (100) según la reivindicación 3, que comprende además al menos un sensor (1700a, 1700b, 1700c) dispuesto en comunicación con el efector extremo (160, 1600) para ayudar a determinar el tipo de efector extremo (160, 1600) que está acoplado a la parte de vástago (1500).
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- 6.
- Instrumento quirúrgico (10) según la reivindicación 1, en el que el motor de desplazamiento (220) está configurado para desplazar la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) a lo largo del eje (C-C) de rueda dentada de accionamiento entre la primera posición, la segunda posición y una tercera posición, estando la rueda dentada de accionamiento
(200) mecánicamente engranada con la rueda dentada de articulación (240) cuando la rueda dentada de accionamiento (200) está en la segunda posición, y provocando la rotación de la rueda dentada de articulación (240) que al menos una parte del efector extremo (160) se mueva entre una primera posición, en la que el segundo eje longitudinal está sustancialmente alineado con el primer eje longitudinal, y una segunda posición en la que el segundo eje longitudinal está dispuesto en ángulo con respecto al primer eje longitudinal. - 7. Instrumento quirúrgico (10) según la reivindicación 1, que comprende además una varilla de disparo (306) dispuesta en cooperación mecánica con la rueda dentada actuadora (300), provocando la rotación de la rueda dentada actuadora (300) la traslación longitudinal de la varilla de disparo (306).
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| US894959 | 1992-06-08 | ||
| US11/894,959 US20080255413A1 (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2007-08-21 | Powered surgical instrument |
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| ES2374476T3 true ES2374476T3 (es) | 2012-02-17 |
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| ES08252703T Active ES2374476T3 (es) | 2007-08-21 | 2008-08-15 | Instrumento quirúrgico motorizado. |
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| EP (2) | EP2027819B2 (es) |
| JP (2) | JP5356750B2 (es) |
| AU (1) | AU2008203382B2 (es) |
| CA (1) | CA2638363C (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2374476T3 (es) |
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-
2007
- 2007-08-21 US US11/894,959 patent/US20080255413A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2008
- 2008-07-29 CA CA2638363A patent/CA2638363C/en active Active
- 2008-07-29 AU AU2008203382A patent/AU2008203382B2/en active Active
- 2008-08-06 JP JP2008203447A patent/JP5356750B2/ja active Active
- 2008-08-15 EP EP08252703.7A patent/EP2027819B2/en active Active
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2013
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2019
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2020
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| AU2008203382B2 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
| JP5778204B2 (ja) | 2015-09-16 |
| US20190343517A1 (en) | 2019-11-14 |
| JP2009045452A (ja) | 2009-03-05 |
| US10653416B2 (en) | 2020-05-19 |
| CA2638363C (en) | 2016-06-14 |
| JP2013150853A (ja) | 2013-08-08 |
| US20210177400A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
| AU2008203382A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
| US10524785B2 (en) | 2020-01-07 |
| US11090044B2 (en) | 2021-08-17 |
| EP2377471A1 (en) | 2011-10-19 |
| EP2027819A1 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
| US20200237365A1 (en) | 2020-07-30 |
| EP2027819B1 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
| JP5356750B2 (ja) | 2013-12-04 |
| EP2027819B2 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
| US20160345966A1 (en) | 2016-12-01 |
| US11369370B2 (en) | 2022-06-28 |
| CA2638363A1 (en) | 2009-02-21 |
| US20080255413A1 (en) | 2008-10-16 |
| EP2377471B1 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
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