ES2761950T3 - Uso de composiciones que comprenden 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno (HFCO-1233zd) como disolvente - Google Patents

Uso de composiciones que comprenden 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno (HFCO-1233zd) como disolvente Download PDF

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ES2761950T3
ES2761950T3 ES10014923T ES10014923T ES2761950T3 ES 2761950 T3 ES2761950 T3 ES 2761950T3 ES 10014923 T ES10014923 T ES 10014923T ES 10014923 T ES10014923 T ES 10014923T ES 2761950 T3 ES2761950 T3 ES 2761950T3
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compositions
use according
composition
hfco
chloropropene
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Hang T Pham
Rajiv R Singh
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Honeywell International Inc
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Honeywell International Inc
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    • C07C19/08—Acyclic saturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing fluorine
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    • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
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Abstract

Uso de una composición como disolvente, comprendiendo dicha composición 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno (HFCO-1233zd) y que tiene un potencial de calentamiento atmosférico (PCA) de no más de 1000.

Description

DESCRIPCIÓN
Uso de composiciones que comprenden 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno (HFCO-1233zd) como disolvente
Antecedentes
Los fluidos basados fluorocarbono han encontrado amplio uso en muchas aplicaciones comerciales e industriales, incluyendo como el fluido de trabajo en sistemas tales como aire acondicionado, bomba de calor y sistema de refrigeración, como propulsores de aerosol, como agentes de soplado, como medios de transferencia de calor y como dieléctricos gaseosos. A casusa de determinados problemas ambientales sospechados, incluyendo los potenciales relativamente altos de calentamiento atmosférico, asociados con el uso de algunas de las composiciones que se han usado, por lo tanto, estas aplicaciones, ha llegado cada vez más deseable usar fluidos que tengan baja o incluso ningún potencial de destrucción de la capa de ozono, tal como hidrofluorocarbonos (HFC). Por tanto, el uso de fluidos que no contenga clorofluorocarbonos ("CFC") o hidroclorofluorocarbonos (HCFC) es deseable. Además, algunos fluidos de HFC pueden tener potenciales relativamente altos de calentamiento atmosférico asociados con los mismos, y es deseable usar fluidos de hidrofluorocarbono u otros fluidos fluorados que tengan potenciales de calentamiento atmosférico lo más bajos posibles manteniendo al mismo tiempo el rendimiento deseado en las propiedades de uso. Adicionalmente, el uso de fluidos de un único componente o mezclas de tipo azeótropo, que no se fraccionan sustancialmente en ebullición y evaporación, es deseable en determinadas circunstancias.
Determinados fluorocarbonos han sido un componente preferido en muchos fluidos de intercambio de calor, tales como refrigerantes, durante muchos años en muchas aplicaciones. Por ejemplo, los fluoroalcanos, tales como clorofluorometano y derivados de clorofluoroetano, han logrado un uso extendido como refrigerantes en aplicaciones incluyendo aplicaciones de aire acondicionado y bomba de calor debido a su combinación única de propiedad químicas y físicas. Muchos de los refrigerantes habitualmente utilizados en sistemas de compresión de vapor son fluidos de un único componente o mezclas azeótropas.
Como se sugiere anteriormente, en los últimos años ha ido aumentando la preocupación acerca del posible daño a la atmósfera y el clima de la tierra, y se han identificado determinados compuestos basados en cloro como particularmente problemáticos a este respecto. El uso de composiciones que contienen cloro (tales como clorofluorocarbonos (CFC), hidroclorofluorocarbonos (HCFC) y simulares) como fluido de trabajo y sistemas de transferencia de calor, tal como en sistema de refrigeración y aire acondicionado, ha quedado desfavorecido a causa de las propiedades destructoras de la capa de ozono asociadas con muchos de dichos compuestos. Por tanto, hay una necesidad creciente de nuevos compuestos de fluorocarbono o hidrofluorocarbono y composiciones que sean alternativas atractivas a las composiciones usadas hasta ahora en esta y otras aplicaciones. Por ejemplo, ha llegado a ser deseable modernizar los sistemas de refrigeración que contienen cloro remplazando los refrigerantes que contienen cloro con compuestos refrigerantes que no contienen cloro que no destruirán la capa de ozono, tal como hidrofluorocarbonos (HFC). La industria en general y la industria de transferencia de calor en particular están buscando continuamente nuevas mezclas de base de fluorocarbono que ofrezcan alternativas a, y se consideren sustitutos ambientalmente más seguros para, CFC y HCFC. En general se considera importante, sin embargo, al menos con respecto a los fluidos de transferencia de calor, que cualquier posible sustituto también debe poseer aquellas propiedades presentes en muchos de los fluidos usados más ampliamente, tal como excelentes propiedades de transferencia de calor, estabilidad química baja o ninguna toxicidad, ausencia de inflamabilidad y/o compatibilidad con lubricante, entre otras.
Los solicitantes han llegado a apreciar que la compatibilidad con lubricantes es de particular importancia en muchas aplicaciones. Más particularmente, es muy deseable que los fluidos de refrigeración sean compatibles con el lubricante utilizado en la unidad compresora, usada en la mayoría de los sistemas de refrigeración. Desafortunadamente, muchos fluidos de refrigeración que no contienen cloro, incluyendo HFC, son relativamente insolubles y/o inmiscibles en los tipos de lubricantes usados tradicionalmente con CFC y HFC, incluyendo, por ejemplo, aceites de vaselina, alquilbencenos o poli(alfaolefinas). Para que una combinación de fluido de refrigeración-lubricante funcione a un nivel deseable de eficacia dentro de un sistema de refrigeración por compresión, aire acondicionado y/o bomba de calor, el lubricante debe ser suficientemente soluble en el líquido de refrigeración sobre un amplio intervalo de temperaturas de funcionamiento. Dicha solubilidad reduce la viscosidad del lubricante y permite que fluya más fácilmente a través del sistema. En ausencia de dicha solubilidad, los lubricantes tienden a quedar atascados en los serpentines del evaporador del sistema de refrigeración, aire acondicionado o bomba de calor, así como otras partes del sistema y, por tanto, reducen la eficacia del sistema.
Con respecto a la eficacia en uso, es importante apreciar que una pérdida en el rendimiento termodinámico del refrigerante o la eficacia energética pueden tener impactos ambientales secundarios mediante el uso aumentado de combustible fósiles que surge de una demanda aumentada de energía eléctrica.
Además, en general se considera deseable que los sustitutos de refrigerante de CFC sean eficaces sin cambios de diseño importantes en la tecnología de compresión de vapor convencional actualmente usada con los refrigerantes de CFC.
La inflamabilidad es otra propiedad importante para muchas aplicaciones. Es decir, se considera importante o esencial en muchas aplicaciones, incluyendo particularmente en las aplicaciones de transferencia de calor, el uso de composiciones que no sean inflamables. Por tanto, frecuentemente es beneficioso usar en dichas composiciones compuestos que no sean inflamables. Como se usa en este documento, la expresión "no inflamable" se refiere a compuestos o composiciones que se determina que no son inflamables según se determina de acuerdo con la norma ASTM E-681, con fecha de 2002. Desafortunadamente, muchos HFC que de lo contrario podrían ser deseables para usarse en composiciones refrigerantes no son no inflamables. Por ejemplo, el fluoroalcano difluoroetano (HFC-152a) y el fluoroalqueno 1,1,1-trifluoropropeno (HFO-1243zf) son cada uno inflamables y, por lo tanto, no son viables para su uso en muchas aplicaciones.
Los fluoroalcanos superiores, que son alquenos sustituidos con flúor que tienen al menos cinco átomos de carbono, se han sugerido para su uso como refrigerantes. La patente de Estados Unidos n.° 4788352 - Smutny, se refiere a la producción de compuestos 08 a Cs fluorados que tienen al menos algún grado de instauración. La patente de Smutny identifica dichas olefinas superiores que se sabe que tienen utilidades como refrigerantes, plaguicidas, fluidos dieléctricos, fluidos de transferencia de calor, disolventes e intermedios en diversas reacciones químicas. (Véase columna 1, líneas 11 -22).
Aunque las olefinas fluoradas descritas en Smutny pueden tener algún nivel de eficacia en aplicaciones de transferencia de calor, se cree que dichos compuestos también pueden tener determinadas desventajas. Por ejemplo, algunos de estos compuestos pueden tender a atacar a sustratos, particularmente plásticos con fines generales tales como resinas acrílicas y resinas de ABS. Además, los compuestos olefínicos superiores descritos en Smutny también pueden ser indeseables en determinadas aplicaciones a causa del posible nivel de toxicidad de dichos compuestos que puede surgir como resultados de la actividad plaguicida indicada en Smutny. Además, dichos compuestos tener un punto de ebullición que es demasiado elevado para hacer que sean útiles como refrigerante en determinadas aplicaciones.
El bromofluorometano y derivados de bromoclorofluorometano, particularmente bromotrifluorometano (Halón 1301) y bromoclorodifluorometano (Halón 1211) han logrado amplio uso como agentes de extinción de incendios en zonas cerradas tales como cabinas de aeroplanos y salas de ordenadores. Sin embargo, el uso de diversos halones se está eliminando gradualmente debido a su alta destrucción de la capa de ozono. Además, como los halones se usan frecuentemente en zonas donde hay seres humanos presentes, el remplazo adecuado también debe ser seguro para los seres humano a concentraciones necesarias para suprimir o extinguir el incendio.
El documento WO 2005/004969 divulga clorofluoroolefinas e hidrocloroolefinas tales como 1223xd para su uso en aplicaciones de limpieza con disolventes.
El documento US 2004/0119047 divulga el uso de pentafluoropropeno (HFO-1225) y tetrafluoropropeno (HFO-1234) como, entre otras cosas, composiciones disolventes.
El documento US 2004/0256594 divulga el uso de tetrafluoropropenos (HFO-1234) como, entre otras cosas, composiciones disolventes.
Los solicitantes, por tanto, han llegado a apreciar una necesidad de composiciones, y particularmente composiciones disolventes, que sean potencialmente útiles en numerosas aplicaciones, evitando al mismo tiempo una o más de las ventajas indicadas anteriormente.
Sumario
Los solicitantes han descubierto que la necesidad indicada anteriormente, y otras necesidades, pueden satisfacerse por composiciones que comprenden 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno.
El término HFCO-1233zd se usa en este documento de forma genérica para hacer referencia a 1.1.1- trifluoro-3-cloropropeno, independientemente de si es la forma cis o trans. Los términos "cisHFCO-1233zd" y "transHFCO-1233zd" se usan en este documento para describir las formas cis y trans de 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-propeno, respectivamente. El término "HFCO-1233zd", por lo tanto, incluye dentro de su alcance cisHFCO-1233zd, transHFCO-1233zd y todas las combinaciones y mezclas de estos.
Las presentes composiciones pueden usarse en relación con la solvatación.
Descripción detallada de realizaciones preferidas
Las composiciones
Las realizaciones preferidas de la presente invención se refieren a composiciones que comprenden 1.1.1- trifluoro-3-cloropropeno.
El compuesto de la invención se utiliza como composiciones disolventes. Sin embargo, los solicitantes han descubierto sorprendente e inesperadamente que 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno anterior muestra un nivel bajo altamente deseable de toxicidad en comparación con otros de dichos compuestos. Como puede apreciarse fácilmente, este descubrimiento es de ventaja y beneficio posiblemente enormes para la formulación de todas y cada una de las composiciones que de lo contrario contendrían compuestos relativamente tóxicos. Los solicitantes creen también que todos los isómeros estructurales, geométricos y estereoisómeros de dichos compuestos son eficaces y de toxicidad beneficiosamente baja.
Se cree que las presentes composiciones poseen propiedades que son ventajosas por varias razones importantes. Por ejemplo, los solicitantes creen, basándose al menos en parte en el modelado matemático, que 1,1,1 -triflouro-3-cloropropeno no tendrá un efecto negativo sustancial sobre la química atmosférica, siendo un contribuyente insignificante a la destrucción de la capa de ozono en comparación con algunas otras especies halogenadas. El1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno, por tanto, tiene la ventaja de no contribuir sustancialmente a la destrucción de la capa de ozono. El 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno tampoco contribuye sustancialmente al calentamiento atmosférico en comparación con muchos de los hidrofluoroalcanos actualmente en uso.
Por supuesto, también pueden incluirse otros compuestos y/o componentes que modulan una propiedad particular de las composiciones (tales como el coste, por ejemplo) en las presentes composiciones, y la presencia de todos estos compuestos y componentes está dentro del amplio alcance de la invención.
Las composiciones de la presente invención tienen un potencial de calentamiento atmosférico (PCA) no mayor de 1000, más preferiblemente no mayor de 500 e incluso más preferiblemente no mayor de 150. En determinadas realizaciones, el PCA de las presentes composiciones no es mayor de 100 e incluso más preferiblemente no mayor de 75. Como se usa en este documento, el "PCA" se mide con respecto al del dióxido de carbono y durante un horizonte de tiempo de 100 años, como se define en "The Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, 2002, a report of the World Meteorological Association's Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project".
En determinadas formas preferidas, las presentes composiciones también tienen preferiblemente un potencial de destrucción de la capa de ozono (PDO) no mayor de 0,05, más preferiblemente no mayor de 0,02 e incluso más preferiblemente de aproximadamente cero. Como se usa en este documento, el "PDO" es como se define en "The Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, 2002, a report of the World Meteorological Association's Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project".
La cantidad de 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno contenido en las presentes composiciones puede varias ampliamente, dependiendo de la aplicación particular, y composiciones que contienen más que cantidades mínimas y menos de un 100 % del compuesto están dentro del amplio alcance de la presente invención. Además, las composiciones de la presente invención pueden ser azeótropas, de tipo azeótropo o no azeótropas. En realizaciones preferidas, las presentes composiciones comprenden 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno en cantidades de un 5 % en peso a un 99 % en peso, e incluso más preferiblemente de un 5 % a un 95 %. Muchos compuestos o componentes adicionales, incluyendo lubricantes, estabilizantes, neutralizadores metálicos, inhibidores de la corrosión, supresores de inflamabilidad y otros compuestos y/o componentes que modulan una propiedad particular de las composiciones (tal como el coste, por ejemplo) pueden incluirse en las presentes composiciones, y la presencia de todos estos compuestos y componentes está dentro del amplio alcance de la invención. En determinadas realizaciones preferidas, las presentes composiciones incluyen, además de 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno, uno o más de los siguientes:
Triclorofluorometano (CFC-11)
Diclorodifluorometano (CFC-12)
Difluorometano (HFC-32)
Pentafluoroetano (HFC-125)
1.1.2.2- tetrafluoroetano (HFC-134)
1.1.1.2- tetrafluoroetano (HFC-134a)
Difluoroetano (HFC-152a)
1.1.1.2.3.3.3- heptafluoropropano (HFC-227ea)
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropano (HFC-236fa)
pentafluoropropano (HFC-245fa)
1.1.1.3.3- pentafluorobutano (HFC-365mfc)
agua
La cantidad relativa de cualquiera de los compuestos de la presente invención indicados anteriormente, así como cualquier componente adicional que puede incluirse en las presentes composiciones, puede variar ampliamente dentro del amplio alcance general de la presente invención de acuerdo con la aplicación particular para la composición, y todas estas cantidades relativas se consideran dentro del alcance de la misma.
Por consiguiente, los solicitantes han reconocido que determinadas composiciones de la presente invención pueden usarse con gran ventaja en varias aplicaciones. Por ejemplo, se incluyen en la presente invención métodos y composiciones que se refieren a aplicaciones de disolvente. Se cree que los expertos en la materia serán fácilmente capaces de adaptar las presentes composiciones para su uso en todas y cada una de dichas aplicaciones sin experimentación excesiva.
Las presentes composiciones son útiles en general como sustitutos de CFC, tales como diclorodifluorometano (CFC-12), HCFC, tales como clorodifluorometano (HCFC22), HFC, tales como tetrafluoroetano (HFC-134a) y combinaciones de HFC y CFC, tal como la combinación de CFC-12 y 1,1-difluoroetano (HFC-152a) (conociéndose la combinación CFC-12:HFC-152a en una relación másica de 73,8:26,2 como R-500) en dichas aplicaciones.
La presente invención proporciona métodos de eliminación de residuos de artículos en que se usan las presentes composiciones como composiciones disolventes en dichos métodos y sistemas.

Claims (12)

REIVINDICACIONES
1. Uso de una composición como disolvente, comprendiendo dicha composición 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno (HFCO-1233zd) y que tiene un potencial de calentamiento atmosférico (PCA) de no más de 1000.
2. Uso de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en el que la composición comprende transHFCO-1233zd.
3. Uso de acuerdo con cualquier reivindicación precedente, en el que la composición comprende de aproximadamente un 5 % a aproximadamente un 99 % en peso de HFCO-1233zd.
4. Uso de acuerdo con la reivindicación 3, en el que la composición comprende de aproximadamente un 5 % a aproximadamente un 95 % en peso de HFCO-1233zd.
5. Uso de acuerdo con la reivindicación 3, en el que la composición comprende de aproximadamente un 95 % a aproximadamente un 99 % en peso de HFCO-1233zd.
6. Uso de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en el que la composición consiste esencialmente en HFCO-1233zd.
7. Uso de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en el que la composición consiste en HFCO-1233zd.
8. Uso de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, en el que la composición comprende además al menos un componente adicional seleccionado de lubricantes, estabilizantes, neutralizadores metálicos, inhibidores de la corrosión o supresores de inflamabilidad.
9. El uso de acuerdo con cualquier reivindicación precedente, en el que la composición tiene un potencial de calentamiento atmosférico (PCA) no mayor de 500.
10. El uso de acuerdo con cualquier reivindicación precedente, en el que la composición tiene un potencial de calentamiento atmosférico (PCA) no mayor de 150.
11. El uso de acuerdo con cualquier reivindicación precedente, en el que la composición tiene un potencial de destrucción de la capa de ozono (PDO) no mayor de 0,05, más preferiblemente no mayor de 0,02, incluso más preferiblemente de aproximadamente cero.
12. El uso de acuerdo con cualquier reivindicación precedente en la que e1HFCO-1233zd es transHFCO-1233zd.
ES10014923T 2005-06-24 2006-06-26 Uso de composiciones que comprenden 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno (HFCO-1233zd) como disolvente Active ES2761950T3 (es)

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ES10014887T Active ES2746501T3 (es) 2005-06-24 2006-06-26 Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor
ES10014853T Active ES2700988T3 (es) 2005-06-24 2006-06-26 Composiciones que contienen oleofinas sustituidas por fluor
ES10014923T Active ES2761950T3 (es) 2005-06-24 2006-06-26 Uso de composiciones que comprenden 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-cloropropeno (HFCO-1233zd) como disolvente
ES10014872T Active ES2819051T3 (es) 2005-06-24 2006-06-26 Uso de composiciones que comprenden HFCO-1233zd
ES10014927.7T Active ES2693291T3 (es) 2005-06-24 2006-06-26 Composiciones que contienen olefinas sustituidas con flúor
ES06785612.0T Active ES2527746T3 (es) 2005-06-24 2006-06-26 Método de extracción con disolventes usando trifluoro, monocloropropeno

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