FI66920C - Framstaellning av klorfria koboltelektrolyter - Google Patents

Framstaellning av klorfria koboltelektrolyter Download PDF

Info

Publication number: FI66920C
Authority: FI; Finland
Prior art keywords: cobalt; electrolyte; slurry; solution; nickel
Prior art date: 1979-08-14

Application number

FI802564A

Other languages

English (en)

Finnish (fi)

Other versions

FI66920B (fi

FI802564A7 (fi

Inventor

Viktor Alexander Ettel

Eric August Pierre Devuyst

Juraj Babjak

John Ambrose

Gerald Vernon Glaum

Original Assignee

Inco Ltd

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1979-08-14

Filing date

1980-08-14

Publication date

1984-12-10

1980-08-14 Application filed by Inco Ltd filed Critical Inco Ltd

1981-02-15 Publication of FI802564A7 publication Critical patent/FI802564A7/fi

1984-08-31 Publication of FI66920B publication Critical patent/FI66920B/fi

1984-12-10 Application granted granted Critical

1984-12-10 Publication of FI66920C publication Critical patent/FI66920C/fi

Links

GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 92
229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 84
239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 84
239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 52
239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 35
239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 28
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 17
229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
-1 chlorate ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 10
XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorate Inorganic materials [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
KGQGQKPCLGRZAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxocobalt;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Co]=O KGQGQKPCLGRZAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 61
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 30
229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 24
229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 24
238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 18
239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 18
239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 16
RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 8
238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 8
230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 6
238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 5
238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 4
238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
229910021446 cobalt carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+);carbonate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZOTKGJBKKKVBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(3+) Chemical compound [Co+3] JAWGVVJVYSANRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 2
238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 2
229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C CHRJZRDFSQHIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
KXZQYLBVMZGIKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyridin-2-yl-n-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)methanamine Chemical group C=1C=CC=NC=1CNCC1=CC=CC=N1 KXZQYLBVMZGIKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
WOXFMYVTSLAQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Pyridinemethanamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=N1 WOXFMYVTSLAQMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910021503 Cobalt(II) hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 1
PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229940044175 cobalt sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
229910000361 cobalt sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
FXVNMSSSMOVRTC-UHFFFAOYSA-K cobalt(3+);trihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Co+3] FXVNMSSSMOVRTC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(ii) hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Co+2] ASKVAEGIVYSGNY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COP(O)(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SEGLCEQVOFDUPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
238000013383 initial experiment Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 description 1
238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/04—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by wet processes
- C22B23/0453—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B23/0461—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by chemical methods
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/26—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds
- C22B3/38—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by liquid-liquid extraction using organic compounds containing phosphorus
- C22B3/384—Pentavalent phosphorus oxyacids, esters thereof
- C22B3/3846—Phosphoric acid, e.g. (O)P(OH)3
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/42—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions or iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese
- C25C1/08—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions or iron group metals, refractory metals or manganese of nickel or cobalt
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Metallurgy (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
Geology (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Electrochemistry (AREA)
General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

FI802564A 1979-08-14 1980-08-14 Framstaellning av klorfria koboltelektrolyter FI66920C (fi)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
CA333,733A CA1125227A (fr)	1979-08-14	1979-08-14	Methode d'electrodeposition sur cobalt
CA333733		1979-08-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number	Publication Date
FI802564A7 FI802564A7 (fi)	1981-02-15
FI66920B FI66920B (fi)	1984-08-31
FI66920C true FI66920C (fi)	1984-12-10

Family

ID=4114925

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
FI802564A FI66920C (fi)	1979-08-14	1980-08-14	Framstaellning av klorfria koboltelektrolyter

Country Status (8)

Country	Link
JP (1)	JPS5629637A (fr)
AU (1)	AU529185B2 (fr)
BE (1)	BE884785A (fr)
CA (1)	CA1125227A (fr)
FI (1)	FI66920C (fr)
FR (1)	FR2463201B1 (fr)
NO (1)	NO156868C (fr)
PH (1)	PH18614A (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
JPH06105777A (ja) *	1992-09-25	1994-04-19	Hitachi Ltd	電気掃除機
EP1533398B1 (fr)	2003-10-24	2011-08-31	Siemens Aktiengesellschaft	Procédé pour la production d'un électrolyte prêt à utilisation à partir de déchets contenant des ions métalliques
CA2790278C (fr)	2010-03-18	2016-05-17	Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd.	Tuyau en acier sans soudure pour injection de vapeur, et son procede de fabrication
JP5565339B2 (ja) *	2011-02-17	2014-08-06	住友金属鉱山株式会社	有効塩素の除去方法及びコバルトの回収方法

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
FR1199965A (fr) *	1958-01-27	1959-12-17	Freeport Sulphur Co	Procédé de séparation d'impuretés ferrugineuses
FR1397003A (fr) *	1964-06-02	1965-04-23	Duisburger Kupferhuette	Procédé en vue d'obtenir du cobalt à partir de solutions aqueuses
US4004990A (en) *	1974-08-06	1977-01-25	Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Limited	Process for separating and recovering nickel and cobalt
US4030989A (en) *	1976-05-11	1977-06-21	Anglonor S. A.	Electrowinning process
JPS5924168B2 (ja) *	1977-05-14	1984-06-07	株式会社大八化学工業所	溶媒抽出法によるコバルトとニツケルの分離方法
US4175014A (en) *	1978-03-06	1979-11-20	Amax Inc.	Cathodic dissolution of cobaltic hydroxide
US4151258A (en) *	1978-03-06	1979-04-24	Amax Inc.	Dissolution of cobaltic hydroxide with organic reductant
CA1119416A (fr) *	1979-08-14	1982-03-09	Juraj Babjak	Methode de separation du nickel en presence dans les solutions aqueuses de sulfates de cobalt

1979
- 1979-08-14 CA CA333,733A patent/CA1125227A/fr not_active Expired
1980
- 1980-04-14 JP JP4814980A patent/JPS5629637A/ja active Granted
- 1980-07-22 AU AU60687/80A patent/AU529185B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1980-07-31 PH PH24373A patent/PH18614A/en unknown
- 1980-08-12 FR FR8017743A patent/FR2463201B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1980-08-13 NO NO802419A patent/NO156868C/no unknown
- 1980-08-14 FI FI802564A patent/FI66920C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-08-14 BE BE0/201756A patent/BE884785A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
PH18614A (en)	1985-08-21
BE884785A (fr)	1980-12-01
FR2463201A1 (fr)	1981-02-20
AU6068780A (en)	1981-02-19
FI66920B (fi)	1984-08-31
FI802564A7 (fi)	1981-02-15
NO156868C (no)	1987-12-09
CA1125227A (fr)	1982-06-08
NO802419L (no)	1981-02-16
NO156868B (no)	1987-08-31
FR2463201B1 (fr)	1986-05-23
AU529185B2 (en)	1983-05-26
JPS6261658B2 (fr)	1987-12-22
JPS5629637A (en)	1981-03-25

Legal Events

Date	Code	Title	Description
1997-08-14	MM	Patent lapsed
2004-08-31	MM	Patent lapsed	Owner name: INCO LIMITED

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US3743585A (en)	1973-07-03	Metal recovery process
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US5039337A (en)	1991-08-13	Process for producing electrolytic lead and elemental sulfur from galena
US3983018A (en)	1976-09-28	Purification of nickel electrolyte by electrolytic oxidation
FI66920C (fi)	1984-12-10	Framstaellning av klorfria koboltelektrolyter
US4265718A (en)	1981-05-05	Method for producing hydroxylated nickel compounds
FI69112B (fi)	1985-08-30	Katodisk loesning av kobolt (3)-hydroxid
US4274930A (en)	1981-06-23	Process for recovering cobalt electrolytically
CN112501451B (zh)	2022-09-13	一种采用溶剂萃取电积工艺生产金属铅的方法
KR910004612B1 (ko)	1991-07-08	유로퓸(Eu)의 전기 분해에 의한 환원 및 분리방법
RU2857978C1 (ru)	2026-03-11	Способ получения сульфатов никеля или кобальта
US3334034A (en)	1967-08-01	Electrolytic method for the recovery of nickel and cobalt
JP4049886B2 (ja)	2008-02-20	高純度コバルトの製造方法
CA2245018A1 (fr)	1999-02-27	Production de cuivre electrolytique a partir de solutions diluees contaminees par d'autres metaux
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US867046A (en)	1907-09-24	Electrometallurgical process for extracting copper from its ores.
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RU2303086C2 (ru)	2007-07-20	Способ получения электролитного никеля
JPH03260082A (ja)	1991-11-20	クロム酸の製造方法
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