JP2017008100A - 迅速かつ持続的な免疫学的治療法 - Google Patents
迅速かつ持続的な免疫学的治療法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2011年3月21日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/454,819号および2011年12月8日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/568,054号に対する優先権を主張するものである。
本発明は、一部には、国立衛生研究所(National Institutes of Health)助成金2-R44-AI-068285-02、1-UC1-AI-067198-01および1-UC1-AI-067205-1;国立衛生研究所契約N01-AI-30063;ならびに国立アレルギー感染症研究所(National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases)非臨床的評価協定(Non-Clinical Evaluation Agreement)の支援を受けている。連邦政府は、本発明に対し一定の権利を有し得る。
(a)有糸分裂細胞および有糸分裂後の細胞の両方をin situで形質導入するアデノウイルスベクターの能力、
(b)高い感染効率(MOI)で細胞をin situで形質導入するための、高力価のウイルス[1ml当たり1012ifu(感染単位)を超える]を含有するストックを調製する既存の技術、
(c)アデノウイルスの吸入が、進化的医学(Tang and Van Kampen、2008)に準拠すること、
(d)鼻腔内投与したアデノウイルスベクターの効力が、アデノウイルスに対する先在の免疫に干渉されないと思われること(Hoelscherら、2006;Shiら、2001;Van Kampenら、2005)。理論に制約されることは望まないが、これは、呼吸器における粘膜関門に沿った高効率の遺伝子送達、高レベルの導入遺伝子発現および高度の抗原提示が原因となり得る、
(e)高レベルの導入遺伝子発現(少なくとも、初期バーストとして)を誘導するアデノウイルスの能力ならびに
(f)複製欠損アデノウイルスベクターを生物工学によって作ることができる容易さ
が挙げられる。
(実施例1)
呼吸病原体に対する広域スペクトル薬物としてのアデノウイルス粒子
ワクチン接種は、数週間または数ヶ月前に投与された場合、感染性疾患を予防するための有効なアプローチであるが、これは、即時のリスク下にある動物または人間を保護するには緩慢過ぎる。感染の直前または直後に摂取した場合に感染症の重症度を低下させることのできる薬剤は、公衆衛生において極めて重要である。タミフル(オセルタミビルリン酸塩)およびリレンザ(ザナミビル)は、インフルエンザウイルス感染の予防における有効性を立証した。しかし、これらのノイラミニダーゼ阻害剤は、経時的に薬物耐性インフルエンザウイルス株を生じ得る(Polandら、2009)。ウイルスと同様に、一般に、薬物耐性細菌も薬物の過使用により生じる(Davies and Davies、2010)。よって、使用中のある薬物が薬剤耐性により損なわれた場合、医療従事者は、病原体を抑止するためにパイプライン下の別の薬物を使用するオプションを有するため、追加的な薬物の開発が急がれる。
インフルエンザに対する完璧な保護を付与するための迅速応答ツールとしてのアデノウイルスベクター化薬物・ワクチンデュオ
インフルエンザほどの莫大な損害(toll)を与える他の疾患はほとんどない。本出願人は、本明細書において、E1/E3欠損(ΔE1E3)アデノウイルス血清型5(Ad5)粒子の鼻腔内(i.n.)投与が、マウスにおいて数週間持続する予防療法の手段として抗インフルエンザ状態を迅速に誘導したことを報告する。インフルエンザウイルス(IFV)赤血球凝集素(HA)HA1ドメインをコードすることにより、Ad5-HA1ベクターは、単一パッケージにおける薬物・ワクチンデュオ(DVD)として、予防的薬物として迅速な保護を付与し、続いて、インフルエンザに対して完璧な保護を誘導するためのワクチンとして持続性の防御免疫を誘発した。Ad5粒子は、気道におけるIFV増殖を妨害するための自然免疫の特異的な武器を活性化することによりインフルエンザを抑止することができる、宿主応答の複雑な網(web)を誘導するため、この多方向性の(multi-pronged)インフルエンザDVDは、現在のインフルエンザ薬物を損なう薬剤耐性の運命を回避できると考え得る。
感染性疾患に対する大規模な保護を付与するための潜在的な伝達機構(driver)としてのアデノウイルスベクター化薬物・ワクチンデュオ
ワクチンの病気と闘う力は、世界的な死亡率および罹患率低下に高い評価を得る公衆衛生の宝庫であった。ワクチンの適用範囲を強化することによりその威力をさらに増幅するための目標には、低コストで大量生産し、非医療従事者により大量投与することのできる新世代の迅速応答ワクチンの開発が必要とされる。新たなワクチンはまた、従来のワクチンよりも高い安全域に恵まれる必要がある。ベクターは、需要変動に応じて無血清浮遊細胞において迅速に製造し、進化的医学に準拠して鼻内噴霧によりヒト対象に非侵襲的に投与することができるため、非複製的アデノウイルスベクター化ワクチンは、ワクチン適用範囲の強化において期待できる。非経口注射とは対照的に、非侵襲的粘膜ワクチン接種は、全身性炎症を最小化する。さらに、先在のアデノウイルス免疫は、アデノウイルスベクター化経鼻ワクチンの効力に認め得るほど干渉しない。病原体抗原をコードするアデノウイルスベクターの経鼻投与は、恐怖がなく無痛性であるのみならず、導入遺伝子発現なしのアデノウイルス粒子単独は、気道における抗インフルエンザ状態を誘導することができるため、薬物・ワクチンデュオとして粘膜病原体に対する迅速かつ持続性の保護も付与する。人間へのワクチン接種に加えて、このクラスのベクター化ワクチンにより動物を大量免疫化することもできる。
る可能性も回避する必要がある。
免疫応答を誘導することなく、門脈において粘膜病原体に対する局在化された防御免疫を誘発する。
Van Kampen KR、Shi Z、Gao Pら、Safety and immunogenicity of adenovirus-vectored nasal and epicutaneous influenza vaccines in human. Vaccine 23、1029〜1036(2005)。
Toro H、Tang DC、Suarez DL、Sylte MJ、Pfeiffer J、Van Kampen KR. Protective avian influenza in ovo vaccination with nonreplicating human adenovirus vector. Vaccine 25、2886〜2891(2007)。
Zhang J、Tarbet EB、Feng T、Shi Z、Van Kampen KR、Tang DC. Adenovirus-vectored drug-vaccine duo as a rapid-response tool for conferring seamless protection against influenza. PLoS ONE 6、e22605(2011)。
アデノウイルスベクター化インフルエンザの迅速かつ持続的な免疫学的治療法
Ad5ベクター化インフルエンザRAPITの目標は、低コストで大量生産して、非医療従事者により大量投与することができ、インフルエンザに対する迅速/持続性の保護を付与する能力を有するが、薬剤耐性を誘導する可能性および野生のインフルエンザウイルスとの再集合の可能性のない、インフルエンザの迅速かつ持続的な免疫学的治療法(RAPIT)を開発することである。インフルエンザウイルスを繁殖させる必要性はなく、免許を持つ医療従事者による針注射の必要性もない。
呼吸病原体に対する広域スペクトルで迅速かつ持続的な免疫学的治療法(RAPIT)としてのアデノウイルス粒子
図14は、胞子チャレンジ直前のアデノウイルス粒子の鼻腔内滴下注入による予防的炭疽菌療法を描写する。
呼吸病原体に対する広域スペクトルの迅速かつ持続的な免疫学的治療法(RAPIT)としてのアデノウイルス粒子
近年、Ad5ゲノムにコードされた病原体抗原ありまたはなしのΔE1E3アデノウイルス5型(Ad5)粒子の鼻腔内(i.n.)投与が、獲得免疫が誘発される前にインフルエンザに対する予防療法を付与できることが実証された。よって、病原体抗原をコードするAd5ベクターは、薬物・ワクチンデュオ(DVD)として、病原体に対する迅速かつ持続性の完璧な保護を誘導し得る。マウスへのΔE1E3 Ad5粒子の投与が、I型インターフェロン(IFN-αおよびIFN-β)等、多様な炎症性サイトカインおよびケモカインの産生を迅速に誘導し、肺樹状細胞を損ない、ナチュラルキラー細胞を活性化し、抗ウイルス一酸化窒素の産生を誘導し、Ad5と、血液タンパク質、血小板、マクロファージ、内皮細胞およびそれぞれの実質細胞との間に多面的な相互作用を引き起こすことが実証された。ΔE1E3 Ad5粒子により誘導される複数の反応が組み合わされて、気道における抗インフルエンザ状態を確立し、これによりインフルエンザウイルスがほぼ迂回できない多次元的な防御障壁を生じることができることが考え得る。インフルエンザが、Ad5粒子により抑止され得る唯一の疾患である可能性は低い。Ad5粒子が、万能薬としてあらゆる疾患に対抗できる可能性も低い。この知見は、AdE粒子の単一のi.n.投与が、粘膜呼吸病原体の少なくともサブセットに対する予防療法をマウスにおいて何週間も付与でき、AdE粒子は、他のウイルスに突然変異圧を直接的に付与することなく気道における生息環境を変化させるため、DVDの使用が、薬剤耐性を誘導できない筈であることを単に示すものである。DVDのワクチン構成成分によるその後の持続性の防御免疫誘発は、有効性を強化する。DVDプラットフォームの開発は恐らく、多種多様な疾患状況における新規臨床戦略の開発を助成するであろう。
Claims (19)
- 呼吸病原体に対する迅速かつ持続的な保護的応答を、それを必要としている哺乳類対象において誘導するための方法であって、病原体に由来する抗原をコードするまたはそれをコードしないE1および/またはE3欠失アデノウイルスを少なくとも107感染単位(ifu)の有効量で鼻腔内投与するステップを含み、インフルエンザウイルス由来の抗原が包含されていない場合、保護的免疫応答が、投与の約5時間以内に始まり、少なくとも45日間持続する方法。
- 呼吸病原体がウイルスである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ウイルスが、インフルエンザウイルス、呼吸器多核体ウイルス(RSV)、風邪ウイルスまたは麻疹ウイルスである、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 風邪ウイルスが、ライノウイルスまたはコロナウイルスである、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 呼吸病原体が細菌である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 細菌が、バチルス属(Bacillus)、マイコバクテリウム属(Mycobacterium)、ブドウ球菌属(Staphylococcus)、連鎖球菌属(Streptococcus)、シュードモナス属(Pseudomonas)、クレブシエラ属(Klebsiella)、ヘモフィルス属(Haemophilus)およびマイコプラズマ属(Mycoplasma)からなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 細菌が炭疽菌である、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 呼吸病原体が真菌である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 真菌が、アスペルギルス属(Aspergillus)である、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 有効量が、少なくとも107感染単位(ifu)のE1および/またはE3欠失アデノウイルスである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 有効量が、少なくとも108感染単位(ifu)の、E1およびE3が欠失または破壊された空のアデノウイルスである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 有効量が、少なくとも109感染単位(ifu)の、E1およびE3が欠失または破壊された空のアデノウイルスである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- それを必要としている対象が、成体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- それを必要としている対象が、幼体である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- それを必要としている対象が、免疫力がないの患者である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも2ステップの投与を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 投与ステップが、約40日間置いて、約41日間置いて、約42日間置いて、約43日間置いて、約44日間置いて、約45日間置いて、約46日間置いて、約47日間置いて、約48日間置いて、約49日間置いて、あるいは約50日間置いて為される、請求項16に記載の方法。
- アデノウイルスが、ヒトアデノウイルスである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- アデノウイルスが、ウシアデノウイルス、イヌアデノウイルス、非ヒト霊長類アデノウイルス、ニワトリアデノウイルスまたはブタアデノウイルスである、請求項1に記載の方法。
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| JP2024503482A (ja) * | 2021-01-15 | 2024-01-25 | ザ ユナイテッド ステイツ オブ アメリカ アズ リプリゼンテッド バイ ザ セクレタリー、デパートメント オブ ヘルス アンド ヒューマン サービシーズ | 複製可能アデノウイルス4型sars-cov-2ワクチンおよびそれらの使用 |
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| WO2012129295A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
| EP2688588B1 (en) | 2017-08-09 |
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| CA2829916A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
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| JP6943908B2 (ja) | 2021-10-06 |
| US20120276138A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
| CA2829916C (en) | 2019-08-20 |
| EP3205353A1 (en) | 2017-08-16 |
| US20140141041A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
| KR20140123403A (ko) | 2014-10-22 |
| DK3205353T3 (da) | 2021-04-06 |
| KR20200008014A (ko) | 2020-01-22 |
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| EP2688588A1 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
| US9175310B2 (en) | 2015-11-03 |
| KR102104650B1 (ko) | 2020-04-24 |
| ES2645156T3 (es) | 2017-12-04 |
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