JP2017149783A - リポソームイリノテカンを含む併用療法を用いた、膵臓癌を治療するための方法 - Google Patents
リポソームイリノテカンを含む併用療法を用いた、膵臓癌を治療するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】提供する方法は、患者(すなわち、人間の患者)の膵臓癌を治療するためのもので、患者に対して、特定の臨床投薬法に従って、リポソームイリノテカン(例えば、イリノテカンスクロース八硫酸塩リポソーム注射、MM−398とも称す)のみを、または5−フルオロウラシル(5−FU)、およびロイコボリン(5−FU/LVと共に)と組み合わせて、投与することを含む。そのような方法における使用のために、適応した組成物も提供される。
【選択図】なし
Description
本出願は、米国特許仮出願第61/659,211号(2012年6月13日出願)および、米国特許仮出願第61/784,382号(2013年3月14日出願)の、優先権の有益性を主張し、両出願は参照することにより本明細書に組み込まれる。
(a) リポソームイリノテカンを、UGT1A1*28対立遺伝子についてホモ接合性ではない患者に対して、各周期の1日目に80mg/m2の用量で、および、UGT1A1*28対立遺伝子についてホモ接合性である患者に対して、周期1の1日目に60mg/m2の用量で、各後続周期の1日目に60mg/m2から80mg/m2の範囲の用量(例えば60mg/m2または70mg/m2または80mg/m2)で投与し、
(b) 5−FUを2400mg/m2の用量で投与し、
(c) ロイコボリンを200mg/m2(l体もしくはロボロイコボリン)または400mg/m2(l+dラセミ体)の用量で投与する。
(a) リポソームイリノテカンを、UGT1A1*28対立遺伝子についてホモ接合性ではない患者に対して各周期の1日目に80mg/m2の用量で、UGT1A1*28対立遺伝子についてホモ接合性である患者に対して周期1の1日目に60mg/m2の用量で、各後続周期の1日目に60mg/m2または80mg/m2の用量で投与し、
(b) 5−FUを2400mg/m2の用量で投与し、
(c) ロイコボリンを200mg/m2(l体もしくはロボロイコボリン)または400mg/m2(l+dラセミ体)の用量で投与する。
本発明は、例えば、以下の項目も提供する。
(項目1)
ヒト患者の膵臓癌を治療する方法であって、前記方法は、前記患者に有効量のリポソームイリノテカンを投与することを含み、前記方法は少なくとも1つの周期を含み、前記周期が3週間の期間であり、各周期について、前記患者がUGT1A1*28対立遺伝子についてホモ接合性であり、リポソームイリノテカンを周期1の1日目に80mg/m2の用量で投与する場合を除き、前記リポソームイリノテカンを前記周期の1日目に120mg/m2の用量で投与する、方法。
(項目2)
前記UGT1A1*28対立遺伝子についてホモ接合性である前記患者に投与するリポソームイリノテカンの用量が、1つの周期後に、120mg/m2の最大値まで、20mg/m2ずつ増加される、項目1に記載の方法。
(項目3)
ヒト患者の膵臓癌を治療する方法であって、リポソームイリノテカン、5−フルオロウラシル(5−FU)、およびロイコボリンのそれぞれの有効量を前記患者に同時投与することを含み、前記方法が少なくとも1つの周期を含み、前記周期が2週間の期間であり、それぞれの周期について
(a) リポソームイリノテカンを、UGT1A1*28対立遺伝子についてホモ接合性ではない患者には各周期の1日目に80mg/m2の用量で、またUGT1A1*28対立遺伝子についてホモ接合性である患者には周期1の1日目に60mg/m2の用量で、そして各後続周期の1日目に60mg/m2または80mg/m2の用量で投与し、
(b) 5−FUを2400mg/m2の用量で投与し、
(c) ロイコボリンを200mg/m2(l体)または400mg/m2(l+dラセミ体)の用量で投与する、方法。
(項目4)
各周期において、前記リポソームイリノテカンを前記ロイコボリンの前に投与し、前記ロイコボリンを前記5−FUの前に投与する、項目3に記載の方法。
(項目5)
周期1後に、前記UGT1A1*28対立遺伝子についてホモ接合性である前記患者に投与する前記リポソームイリノテカンの用量を80mg/m2に増加させる、項目3または項目4に記載の方法。
(項目6)
前記リポソームイリノテカンを90分にわたって静脈内に投与する、項目1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目7)
前記5−FUを46時間にわたって静脈内に投与する、項目3〜6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目8)
前記ロイコボリンを30分にわたって静脈内に投与する、項目3〜7のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目9)
リポソームイリノテカンの各投与前に、前記患者に、デキサメタゾンおよび/もしくは5−HT3拮抗薬、または別の制吐薬を前投与する、項目1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目10)
前記膵臓癌が、腺房細胞癌、腺癌、腺扁平上皮癌、巨細胞腫瘍、膵管内乳頭粘液性腫瘍(IPMN)、ムチン性嚢胞腺癌、膵芽腫、漿液性嚢胞腺癌、および膵充実性偽乳頭状腫瘍から成る群から選択される外分泌腺膵臓癌である、項目1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目11)
前記リポソームイリノテカンがイリノテカンスクロース八硫酸塩リポソーム注射である、項目1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
(項目12)
少なくとも1つの周期における5−フルオロウラシル(5−FU)およびロイコボリンとの同時投与のためのイリノテカンの製剤であって、前記周期が2週間の期間であり、前記イリノテカンの製剤がイリノテカンのリポソーム製剤であり、
(a) リポソームイリノテカンを、UGT1A1*28対立遺伝子についてホモ接合性ではない患者には各周期の1日目に80mg/m2の用量で、またUGT1A1*28対立遺伝子についてホモ接合性である患者には周期1の1日目に60mg/m2の用量で、そして各後続周期の1日目に60mg/m2または80mg/m2の用量で投与し、
(b) 5−FUを2400mg/m2の用量で投与し、
(c) ロイコボリンを200mg/m2(l体)または400mg/m2(l+dラセミ体)の用量で投与する、イリノテカンの製剤。
(項目13)
周期1後に、前記UGT1A1*28対立遺伝子についてホモ接合性である患者に投与するリポソームイリノテカンの用量を80mg/m2に増加させる、項目12に記載のイリノテカンの製剤。
(項目14)
各周期において、前記リポソームイリノテカンをロイコボリンの前に投与し、前記ロイコボリンを前記5−FUの前に投与する、項目12または項目13に記載の製剤。
(項目15)
前記リポソームイリノテカンを90分にわたって静脈内に投与する、項目12〜14のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
(項目16)
前記5−FUを46時間にわたって静脈内に投与する、項目12〜15のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
(項目17)
前記ロイコボリンを30分にわたって静脈内に投与する、項目12〜16のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
(項目18)
リポソームイリノテカンの各投与前に、前記患者に、デキサメタゾンおよび/もしくは5−HT3拮抗薬、または別の制吐薬を前投与する、項目12〜17のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
(項目19)
前記膵臓癌が、腺房細胞癌、腺癌、腺扁平上皮癌、巨細胞腫瘍、膵管内乳頭粘液性腫瘍(IPMN)、ムチン性嚢胞腺癌、膵芽腫、漿液性嚢胞腺癌、および膵充実性偽乳頭状腫瘍から成る群から選択される外分泌腺膵臓癌である、項目12〜18のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
(項目20)
前記イリノテカンのリポソーム製剤がイリノテカンスクロース八硫酸塩リポソーム注射である、項目12〜19のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
(項目21)
腫瘍血管系を増大させることによって化学療法の転帰を改善する方法であって、腫瘍を有する患者に、腫瘍血管系を増加するために有効な量のイリノテカンスクロース八硫酸塩リポソーム注射を投与することと、同時に、前記患者に対して、イリノテカン以外の少なくとも1つの抗癌剤の有効な量を投与することとを含む、方法。
(項目22)
1)腫瘍血管系を増加するために有効な量のイリノテカンスクロース八硫酸塩リポソーム注射、および2)イリノテカン以外の少なくとも1つの抗癌剤の有効量の、腫瘍を有する患者に対する同時投与のための、イリノテカンスクロース八硫酸塩リポソーム注射。
(項目23)
リポソームイリノテカンの1用量、および項目1または2に記載の方法における、リポソームイリノテカンを使用するための説明書を含む、ヒト患者の膵臓癌を治療するためのキット。
(項目24)
リポソームイリノテカン、5−フルオロウラシル(5−FU)、およびロイコボリンのそれぞれの1用量、および、項目3または4の方法における、リポソームイリノテカン、5−FU、およびロイコボリンを使用するための説明書を含む、ヒト患者の膵臓癌を治療するためのキット。
(項目25)
前記膵臓癌が、腺房細胞癌、腺癌、腺扁平上皮癌、巨細胞腫瘍、膵管内乳頭粘液性腫瘍(IPMN)、ムチン性嚢胞腺癌、膵芽腫、漿液性嚢胞腺癌、および膵充実性偽乳頭状腫瘍から成る群から選択される外分泌腺膵臓癌である、項目24に記載のキット。
(項目26)
前記リポソームイリノテカンがMM−398である、項目23〜25のいずれか1項に記載のキット。
(項目27)
前記同時投与が治療の相乗効果または患者における陽性転帰をもたらし、前記陽性転帰が、pCR、CR、PR、またはSDである、項目1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の方法または項目13〜21のいずれか1項に記載の製剤。
本明細書において、用語「対象」、または「患者」は、ヒトの癌患者のことである。
II.イリノテカンスクロース硫酸リポソーム注射(MM−398;PEP02)
イリノテカングルクロン酸抱合の薬理遺伝学
低下したUGT1A1活性を有する患者
イリノテカン代謝の追加の遺伝子型修飾因子
III. 5−フルオロウラシル(5−FU)およびロイコボリン
IV. 投与
V. 患者集団
VI. 併用療法
VII. 治療プロトコル
VIII. 転帰
log10細胞死滅=TC(日)/3.32×Td
式中TCは、細胞の成長遅延、治療群(T)の腫瘍、および対照群(C)の腫瘍が所定値に達する(例えば、1gまたは10mL)までの平均時間を日数で表し、そしてTdは、対照動物で倍増する腫瘍の容積のために必要な時間を日数で表す。この尺度を適用する際、log10細胞死滅が0.7以上の場合、製品は活性、またlog10細胞死滅が2.8よりも大きい場合には製品が非常に活性であるとみなされる。この尺度を使うと、各構成要素のそれぞれが1回の用量で存在する量が、一般的にその最大許容用量以下の最大許容用量で使用される組み合わせが、それが単独で投与されたときの、最高の構成物質のlog10細胞死滅の値よりもlog10が大きい場合に、治療の相乗効果を示す。模範的な事例では、この組み合わせのlog10細胞死滅は、この組み合わせの最良の構成物質のlog10細胞死滅の値を、少なくとも0.1log細胞死滅、少なくとも0.5log細胞死滅、または少なくとも1.0log細胞死滅、超えている。
MM−398の抗腫瘍活性を、同所性膵臓癌モデル(L3.6pl)、高度低酸素前臨床腫瘍モデルにおいて評価した。約2.5×10−5 L3.6pl膵臓腫瘍細胞は、膵臓への直接注射により移植した。生物発光画像(BLI)を、腫瘍負荷検知/定量化のために、時間をかけて追跡した。MM−398および遊離イリノテカンは、毎週20mg/kgの用量で、3週間投与した。図1に示すように、MM−398(リポソームCPT11)は、対照(HBS)および遊離CPT11と比較して、大きな抗腫瘍活性を有していた。
実施例2:遊離イリノテカン、またはリポソームイリノテカンでの治療に続く、腫瘍におけるSN−38の蓄積(MM−398)
実施例3:HT29異種移植モデルにおける、炭酸脱水酵素IX染色に関する、MM−398の効果
実施例4:MM−398はヘキスト染色の灌流を増加する
実施例5:ヒトにおけるMM−398の薬物動態(第I相)
実施例6:第1相 用量増加研究
A. 目標
・治療群の間で、客観的奏効率(ORR)を比較すること、
・治療群の間で、CA19−9の腫瘍マーカーの反応を比較すること、
・治療群の間で、臨床的有益応答(CBR)率を比較すること、
・癌の研究と治療のための欧州機関(EORTC)の生活の質に関わる中核質問書(
EORTC−QLQ−C30)を用いて、治療群の間で患者報告転帰(PRO)を
評価すること、
・治療群の間で、安全性と有害反応プロファイルを比較すること、および
・単剤として、および5−FUとロイコボリンとの組み合わせで、MM−398の薬
物動態学的特性を決定すること。
B. 研究設計
・ベースラインアルブミンレベル(≧4.0g/dL対<4.0g/dL)
・KPS(70および80対≧90)
・民族性(白人対東アジア人対その他すべて)
C. 患者の選択および中止
1. 組織学的または細胞学的に確認された膵臓外分泌腺の腺癌
2. 文書化された転移性疾患:RECIST v1.1のガイドラインにより定義
された疾患の状態が、測定可能または測定不可能
3. 局所進行性または転移性の設定における、事前のゲムシタビンまたはゲムシタ
ビンを含んだ治療後に文書化された疾患の進行。許可療法の例は以下を含むが
、これらに限定されない
・ 単剤ゲムシタビン
・ 任意の1つのゲムシタビンベースの計画、持続ゲムシタビン有りまたは無
し
・ 白金剤、フルオロピリミジン、またはエルロチニブを後に添加した単剤ゲ
ムシタビン
・ 疾患の再発が術後補助療法を完了した後6ヶ月以内に発生した場合、ゲム
シタビンを術後補助設定で投与する
4. カルノフスキー・パフォーマンス・ステータス(KPS)≧70
5. 以下によって証明される適切な骨髄予備能。
・ 造血成長因子を使用しないANC>1,500細胞/μL、および
・ 血小板数>100,000細胞/μL、および
・ ヘモグロビン>9g/dL(9g/dL未満のヘモグロビンレベルを有す
る患者には輸血が許可されている)
6. 以下によって証明される適切な肝機能。
・ 施設の正常範囲内の血清総ビリルビン(胆道閉塞のための胆汁排泄は許さ
れている)
・ アルブミンのレベル≧3.0g/dL
・ アスパラギン酸アミノ基転移酵素(AST)、およびアラニンアミノ基転
移酵素(ALT)≦2.5×ULN(肝転移が存在する場合≦5×ULN
でも可)
7. 血清クレアチニン≦1.5×ULNによって証明される適切な腎機能
8. 通常のECGまたはいかなる臨床的に重要な所見も伴なわないECG
9. 事前の手術、放射線療法、または他の抗腫瘍治療の影響から回復した
10. 少なくとも18歳
11. 告知に基づく同意を理解し、署名することができる。(または、そうすること
ができる法定代理人を持っている。)
1. 活性CNS転移(臨床症状で示される脳浮腫、ステロイド要件、または進行性
疾患)
2. 肝疾患、出血、炎症、閉塞、またはグレード>1の下痢を含む、臨床的に有意
な胃腸障害
3. 最後の5年間のすべての二次悪性腫瘍の病歴、上皮内癌または基底細胞癌、も
しくは扁平上皮細胞皮膚癌の前歴を有する被験者が適格である。少なくとも5
年間連続して無疾患であった、他の悪性腫瘍を有する被験者も適格である。
4. 包含の前6ヶ月未満の、重度の動脈血栓塞栓事象(心筋梗塞、不安定狭心症、
脳卒中)
5. NYHAクラスIII、またはIVのうっ血性心不全、心室性不整脈、または
血圧制御不良
6. 治験責任医師の意見で患者の試験への参加を危うくし得る、または研究結果に
影響を与える、スクリーニングの訪問中の、または投与の最初の予定日での、
活動性感染、または原因不明の発熱>38.5℃(治験責任医師の裁量で、腫
瘍熱を有する患者は登録し得る)
7. MM−398他のリポソーム製品、フルロピリミジン、またはロイコボリンの
いずれかの成分に対する、既知の過敏症
8. この研究における投与の最初の予定日前4週間以内に、または治験薬の少なく
とも5半減期未満の間隔、のいずれか長い方の時間内に投与する、治験療法
9. 治験責任医師によって、告知同意へ署名する、研究に協力して参加する患者の
能力を妨げる、または結果の解釈に干渉する可能性が高い、とみなされた、す
べての他の医学的または社会的条件
10. 妊娠または授乳:妊娠の可能性のある女性は、登録時の尿または血清妊娠検査
に基づいた妊娠の検査で、陰性と出なければならない、生殖能を有する男性と
女性両方の患者は、研究中および治験薬の最終投与後3ヶ月間、信頼性の高い
避妊の方法を使用することに、同意しなければならない
・ 患者が、RECIST v1.1の基準に基づいた疾患進行の証拠を有している
・ 患者が、悪化の症状を示している
・ 患者が、耐え難い毒性、または以下を必要とする有害事象を体験している。
○ 3回目の用量の減少
○ 患者が、治験責任医師の意見では、研究治療から恩恵を受けていない限り、次
の周期を開始してから21日間より長く治療を保留されている
・ 患者が、PI評価あたりの研究手順に有意に適合していない
・ 患者または患者の主治医が、患者を研究治療から撤退させることを要求している
・ 治験責任医師または治験依頼者が、何らかの理由で、しかし患者(複数可)の権利
、安全性と健康を考慮し、ICH/GCPのガイドライン、および地域の規制に従
って、研究を中止する、または本研究への患者の参加を停止する。
D. 患者を治療群に割り当てる方法
・ 治療群A(治験治療群):MM−398
・ 治療群B(対照治療群):5−FUおよびロイコボリン
・ 治療群C(治験治療群):MM−398、5−FU、およびロイコボリン
・ ベースラインアルブミンレベル(≧4.0g/dL対<4.0g/dL)
・ KPS(70と80対≧90)
・ 民族性(白人対東アジア人対その他)
E. MM−398の説明
F. 5−FUおよびロイコボリンの説明
G. MM−398に関する重要な治療における留意点
下痢
好中球減少症
過敏症
大腸炎/腸閉塞
血栓塞栓症
妊娠
静脈部位の注意
特定のリスクがある患者
急性点滴関連反応
他の毒性の可能性
H. 用量修正要件
I. 血液毒性のためのMM−398の用量変更
・ ANC≧1500/mm3
・ 血小板数≧100,000/mm3
を持っている必要がある。
治療は、回復するための十分な時間遅延されるべきで、回復した上は、治療は、以下の表のガイドラインに従って投与すること。患者が発熱性好中球減少症を持っていた場合、ANCは≧1500/mm3まで消失されていなければならず、および患者は感染から回復していなければならない。
L. 血液毒性のための5−FUの用量変更
・ ANC≧1500/mm3
・ WBC≧3500/mm3
・ 血小板数≧75,000/mm3(5−FUの製品特性についてのヨーロッパの
要約によると、血小板は治療を開始する前に、≧100,000/mm3まで回
復しているべきである)
O. 併用療法
制吐薬
コロニー刺激因子
下痢の治療
その他の治療
P. 禁止療法
・ 細胞毒性、標的薬、内分泌腺療法、または他の抗体を含む他の抗腫瘍療法、
・ 治癒する可能性がある放射線療法、緩和放射線療法が許可されている、および
・ その他すべての治験治療は許可されない。
Q. 検査法
全血球計算
血清化学
CA 19−9
妊娠検査
UGT1A1*28対立遺伝子
薬物動態学的評価
・ 治療群A:点滴の直前、点滴中(点滴の開始後80から90分で)、点滴の開始後
、2.5〜4時間の間およびC1D8。
・ 治療群B:5−FU点滴の終わりに、1つの試料(C1D2)
・ 治療群C:MM−398点滴の直前、MM−398点滴中(点滴の開始後80から
90分で)、MM−398の点滴開始後2.5〜4時間の間、5−FU点滴の終わ
りおよびC1D8。
R. 痛みの評価と鎮痛剤消費量
S. EORTC−QLQ−C30
T. 全体的な生存期間/研究後の追跡調査
U. 有害事象の重症度と関連性の決定
・ 軽度:身体障害または無能をもたらさず、治療介入なしに消失する事象、
・ 中度:身体障害または無能はもたらさないが、治療介入を必要とする事象
・ 重度:治療介入を必要とする一時的身体障害、または無能をもたらす事象
・ 生命を脅かす度合い:事象の時に、患者に死の危険がある事象
・ 致命的度合い: 患者に死をもたらす事象
治験責任医師は、有害事象が治験薬の使用に関連している合理的な可能性が存在するかどうかを決定することを試みること。この関係は、関連している、または関連していない、と記載すること。
V. 全生存期間の解析
PP集団に対する治療のログランク比較
無作為化層別化係数を用いた、層別ログランク解析[層別コックスモデルのハザード
比推定値で]
治療のウィルコクソン比較
治療と予後因子(以下に示す)が包含の候補となるモデル項の、ステップワイズ変数
選択でのコックス転帰モデル(<0.25に入るp値、<0.15を維持するp値)
コックス転帰を使用した、潜在的な独立予後因子を評価するための、単変量解析
研究集団の異なる区分において、治療の効果の違いを検査するための、サブグループ
解析
W. 二次効能解析
進行のない生存期間
治療失敗までの時間
目標奏効率
腫瘍マーカー反応解析
患者報告転帰解析
安全性分析
・ 必要な輸血の数
・ G−CSFを必要とする患者の割合
・ 用量の遅延または変更をもたらす有害事象
薬物動態解析
文末脚注
Claims (3)
- 腫瘍血管系を増大させることによって化学療法の転帰を改善するための組み合わせ物であって、イリノテカンスクロース八硫酸塩リポソーム注射剤、およびイリノテカン以外の少なくとも1つの抗癌剤を含み、腫瘍血管系を増加するために有効な量のイリノテカンスクロース八硫酸塩リポソーム注射剤が、腫瘍を有する患者に投与され、有効な量のイリノテカン以外の少なくとも1つの抗癌剤が、同時に前記患者に投与されることを特徴とする、組み合わせ物。
- 1)腫瘍血管系を増加するために有効な量のイリノテカンスクロース八硫酸塩リポソーム注射剤、および2)イリノテカン以外の少なくとも1つの抗癌剤の有効量の、腫瘍を有する患者に対する同時投与のための、イリノテカンスクロース八硫酸塩リポソーム注射剤。
- 明細書に記載の発明。
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2018
- 2018-03-19 AU AU2018201942A patent/AU2018201942B2/en active Active
- 2018-06-19 US US16/012,351 patent/US10980795B2/en active Active
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2019
- 2019-05-07 JP JP2019087488A patent/JP6857210B2/ja active Active
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2021
- 2021-03-17 US US17/204,278 patent/US20220096458A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2023
- 2023-07-20 IL IL304631A patent/IL304631A/en unknown
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2024
- 2024-03-22 US US18/613,609 patent/US20240226090A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| DRUMMOND, DARYL C. ET AL.: "Development of a Highly Active nanoliposomal Irinotecan Using a Novel Intraliposomal Stabilization S", CANCER RESEARCH, vol. 66, no. 6, JPN7018000861, 2006, pages 3271 - 3277 * |
| 金子節子 ほか: "CPT-11とcelecoxibの併用による抗腫瘍作用増強と腫瘍血管新生阻害", 日本小児科外科会誌, vol. 46, no. 3, JPN6018009835, 2010, pages 6 - 2 * |
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