JP5594962B2 - 神経毒による自己免疫疾患の治療 - Google Patents
神経毒による自己免疫疾患の治療 Download PDFInfo
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Description
免疫系は、身体から感染を除去するために一緒に働く臓器、腺、高度に特殊化した細胞および循環系が関与する身体の防御の最前線である。免疫系は、2つの大きな要素からなる。1つの要素は、液性免疫系といわれるものであり、抗体の生成に関与する。2つめの要素は、細胞性免疫といわれ、胸腺リンパ球(Tリンパ球またはT細胞)を含む構成要素である。
造血細胞は、3つの異なる型のリンパ系細胞を含む:(1)被膜下細胞;(2)皮質細胞;および(3)髄質細胞。
特定の自己免疫疾患において用いられる1つの治療は、神経伝達物質アセチルコリンの加水分解を減少させることによって、シナプス間隙において利用可能なアセチルコリンの量を増加させ、中枢および末梢神経系を通じてコリン作動性受容体の刺激を増加させることによる症状軽減を提供するコリンエステラーゼインヒビターの投与である。
第4のアプローチは、胸腺の外科切除(すなわち、胸腺摘出術)を含む。
自己免疫疾患のもう1つの治療は、サイトカインインヒビターの投与を含む。
クロストリジウム属は、120種以上存在し、その形態および機能によって分類される。嫌気性グラム陽性菌であるボツリヌス菌は、ボツリヌス中毒と呼ばれるヒトおよび動物における神経麻痺の病気を引き起こす強力なポリペプチド神経毒であるボツリヌス毒素を産生する。ボツリヌス菌の胞子は、土壌中に見出され、自営缶工場の不適切に滅菌され、密封された食品容器中で成長することができ、多くのボツリヌス中毒の症例の原因である。ボツリヌス中毒の影響は、典型的には、ボツリヌス菌培養物または胞子に汚染された食品を食べた後18〜36時間後に現れる。ボツリヌス毒素は、弱毒化されずに腸の内張りを通過し、末梢運動ニューロンを攻撃することができるようである。ボツリヌス毒素中毒の症状は、歩行、嚥下および会話困難から呼吸筋の麻痺および死へと進行しうる。
(1)頸部ジストニアを治療するために、筋肉内注射(複数の筋肉)当たり約75−125ユニットのボトックス(登録商標);
(2)眉間のしわ(額のしわ)を治療するために、筋肉内注射当たり5−10ユニットのボトックス(登録商標)(鼻根筋に5ユニットを筋肉内注射し、皺眉筋に各10ユニットを筋肉内注射する);
(3)恥骨直腸筋の括約筋内注射によって便秘を治療するために、約30−80ユニットのボトックス(登録商標);
(4)上眼瞼の外側瞼板前部眼輪筋および下眼瞼の外側瞼板前部眼輪筋に注射することによって眼瞼痙攣を治療するために、筋肉当たり約1−5ユニットの筋肉内注射されたボトックス(登録商標);
(5)斜視を治療するために、約1−5ユニットのボトックス(登録商標)を外眼筋に筋肉内注射する;注射量は、注射される筋肉のサイズおよび所望の麻痺範囲の両方(すなわち、所望のジオプター矯正の量)に基づいて変化する;
(6)5つの異なる上肢屈筋へのボトックス(登録商標)の筋肉内注射によって卒中に続く上肢痙攣を治療するために、次の量;
(a)深指屈筋:7.5 U〜30 U
(b)浅指屈筋:7.5 U〜30 U
(c)尺側手根屈筋:10 U〜40 U
(d)橈側手根屈筋:15 U〜60 U
(e)上腕二頭筋:50 U〜200 U。
各治療セッションにおいて患者が筋肉内注射により90 U〜360 Uの上肢屈筋ボトックス(登録商標)を受けるように、5つの示した筋肉のそれぞれが、同じ治療セッションにおいて注射を受けている;
(7)片頭痛を治療するために、頭蓋骨膜注射された(眉間、前頭および側頭筋へ対称的に注射された)25 Uのボトックス(登録商標)の注射が、片頭痛頻度、最大重篤度、関連嘔吐および25 U注射後の3か月以上の急性投薬用途の減少によって測定される、ビヒクルと比べての片頭痛の予防的治療として有意な利点を明らかにされている。
いくつかの神経調節物質が、同じニューロンによって放出されうることを示唆する証拠があるが、典型的には、小分子神経伝達物質の1つのタイプのみが、哺乳動物神経系におけるそれぞれのタイプのニューロンによって放出される。神経伝達物質アセチルコリンは、脳の多くの領域においてニューロンによって分泌されるが、特に、運動皮質の大錐体細胞、基底核におけるいくつかの異なるニューロン、骨格筋を神経支配する運動ニューロン、自律神経系(交感神経および副交感神経の両方)の節前ニューロン、筋紡錘のbag 1繊維、副交感神経系の節後ニューロンおよび交感神経系の節後ニューロンのいくつかによって分泌される。交感神経系の大部分の節後ニューロンは神経伝達物質ノルエピネフリンを分泌するので、本質的に、汗腺に至る節後交感神経線維、立毛筋および少数の血管のみが、コリン作動性である。ほとんどの場合、アセチルコリンは、興奮効果を有する。しかし、アセチルコリンは、迷走神経による心拍数の抑制などのいくつかの末梢副交感神経終末において抑制効果を有することが知られている。
本発明は、この必要性に取り組み、1種以上の自己免疫疾患の効果的な緩和を提供する新規な組成物および方法を提供する。
本発明のさらなる態様および利点を以下の説明および請求の範囲に、特に添付の実施例と関連させて考察して記載する。
以下の定義を本明細書に適用する。
「約」は、そのように限定された値のプラスまたはマイナス10%を意味する。
「生体適合性の」は、組成物の投与から重大な炎症性または抗原性応答がないことを意味する。
「生分解性」マイクロスフェアは、長期間にわたって、化学的、生理学的またはその他の生物学的手段によって身体によって吸収される能力があるマイクロスフェアを意味する。
新規な自己免疫疾患の治療方法ならびに自己免疫疾患の治療用組成物を発明した。本発明方法および組成物は、自己免疫疾患を患っているヒトまたは動物患者などの患者に投与されるクロストリジウム属神経毒を含む。本明細書で用いる自己免疫疾患は、身体自身の細胞または組織に対する免疫応答によって引き起こされる疾患を意味する。本発明方法および組成物は、現行の治療アプローチに比べて低い副作用と増加された緩和持続時間を提供することができる自己免疫疾患の新規な治療方法を提供する。
ボツリヌス神経毒による全身性エリテマトーデスの治療
全身性エリテマトーデスと診断された42歳の男性を、10ユニットのボトックス(登録商標)を胸腺内に注射する(胸腺の各葉内に5ユニットを注射する)ことによって治療する。約1週間後、患者は、発熱、頭痛、関節痛および皮膚発疹の低減化を示す。全体として、患者は、一般に、疲労感が減少し、前向きな姿勢をもつ。軽減は、約4ヶ月間持続する。
ボツリヌス神経毒による重症筋無力症の治療
重症筋無力症と診断された女性患者を治療するために、実施例1の処置を行う。患者は、眼瞼下垂、視覚のぼやけおよび全面的な眼球不動を呈している。治療は、障害およびそれに伴う腕、手および呼吸器系の筋力低下のさらなる進行を防止することに成功する。
ボツリヌス神経毒による多発性硬化症の治療
多発性硬化症と診断された女性患者を治療するために、実施例1の処置を行う。患者は、視覚のぼやけおよび眼球痛ならびに手足の痙攣を呈している。A型ボツリヌス毒素を胸腺に投与した後、筋肉にボツリヌス毒素を投与することなく、約14日以内に症状は緩和される。症状の緩和は数ヶ月間持続する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例1−3の処置を繰り返すが、Ipsen Pharmaceuticals、パリ、フランスから入手可能なディスポートを4倍多い量で投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例1−3の処置を繰り返すが、商品名NT 201でMerz Pharmaceuticals(フランクフルト、ドイツ)から入手可能な精製A型ボツリヌス毒素(たとえば、複合タンパク質を含まないA型ボツリヌス毒素タンパク質製剤)を同量で投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例1−3の処置を繰り返すが、B型ボツリヌス毒素(すなわち、Solstice Neurosciences、サンディエゴ、カリフォルニアから入手可能なミオブロック)を50倍多い量で投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例1−3の処置を繰り返すが、A型ボツリヌス毒素の代わりに治療有効量のC型ボツリヌス毒素を投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例1−3の処置を繰り返すが、A型ボツリヌス毒素の代わりに治療有効量のC型ボツリヌス毒素を投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例1−3の処置を繰り返すが、A型ボツリヌス毒素の代わりに治療有効量のD型ボツリヌス毒素を投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例1−3の処置を繰り返すが、A型ボツリヌス毒素の代わりに治療有効量のE型ボツリヌス毒素を投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例1−3の処置を繰り返すが、A型ボツリヌス毒素の代わりに治療有効量のF型ボツリヌス毒素を投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例1−3の処置を繰り返すが、A型ボツリヌス毒素の代わりに治療有効量のG型ボツリヌス毒素を投与する。
ボツリヌス神経毒およびヒト化モノクローナル抗体による喘息の治療
喘息を患っている38歳の男性を、ボトックス(登録商標)およびモノクローナル抗体オマリズマブ(ゾレア(登録商標))の投与に基づく併用療法によって治療する。気管支収縮に関与する神経線維に5ユニットのボトックス(登録商標)を注射することによって男性を治療する。患者の吸入器によって迅速な軽減が提供される。患者は、6ヶ月間にわたって、喘息発作の回数の減少を報告する。
ボツリヌス神経毒およびヒト化モノクローナル抗体による糖尿病の治療
1型糖尿病を患っている22歳の男性を、ボツリヌス神経毒および抗CD3ヒト化モノクローナル抗体hOKT3ガンマ1(Ala−Ala)を投与する併用療法によって治療する。患者は、6週間、1週間に1回、約20ユニットのボトックス(登録商標)および抗体を注射により投与される。約3週間後、糖尿病の症状は、低減化される。軽減は、最初の処置の後約6ヶ月間持続する。
ボツリヌス神経毒およびサイトカイン受容体遮断薬による関節炎の治療
関節リウマチを患っている62歳の男性を、ボツリヌス神経毒およびインターロイキン1受容体アンタゴニストの併用療法によって治療する。患者は、左手の各関節に2ユニットのボトックス(登録商標)を投与され、アンタゴニストの皮下注射を受ける。患者は、関節痛の全体的減少を体験する。左手の痛みの減少は、約4ヶ月間持続するが、身体の他の領域の関節痛の減少の持続は、4ヶ月間以下である。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例31−33の処置を繰り返すが、Ipsen Pharmaceuticals、パリ、フランスから入手可能なディスポートを4倍多い量で投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例31−33の処置を繰り返すが、商品名NT 201でMerz Pharmaceuticals(フランクフルト、ドイツ)から入手可能な精製A型ボツリヌス毒素(たとえば、複合タンパク質を含まないA型ボツリヌス毒素タンパク質製剤)を同量で投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例31−33の処置を繰り返すが、B型ボツリヌス毒素(すなわち、Solstice Neurosciences、サンディエゴ、カリフォルニアから入手可能なミオブロック)を50倍多い量で投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例31−33の処置を繰り返すが、A型ボツリヌス毒素の代わりに治療有効量のC型ボツリヌス毒素を投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例31−33の処置を繰り返すが、A型ボツリヌス毒素の代わりに治療有効量のC型ボツリヌス毒素を投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例31−33の処置を繰り返すが、A型ボツリヌス毒素の代わりに治療有効量のD型ボツリヌス毒素を投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例31−33の処置を繰り返すが、A型ボツリヌス毒素の代わりに治療有効量のE型ボツリヌス毒素を投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例31−33の処置を繰り返すが、A型ボツリヌス毒素の代わりに治療有効量のF型ボツリヌス毒素を投与する。
同じ病気を患っている別の患者に対して実施例31−33の処置を繰り返すが、A型ボツリヌス毒素の代わりに治療有効量のG型ボツリヌス毒素を投与する。
前述したすべての参考文献、論文、特許、出願および刊行物は、全体として参照することにより本発明に援用される。
したがって、請求の範囲の精神および範囲は、前述した好ましい実施態様の記載に限定されるべきではない。
Claims (7)
- 自己免疫疾患の少なくとも1つの症状を緩和して自己免疫疾患を治療するために、患者の胸腺に近接する位置に投与するための有効量のボツリヌス毒素を含む、自己免疫疾患を治療するための治療薬であって、当該自己免疫疾患が、多発性硬化症、重症筋無力症および全身性エリテマトーデスよりなる群から選ばれる治療薬。
- ボツリヌス毒素が、A、B、C、D、E、FおよびG型ボツリヌス毒素から選ばれる請求項1に記載の治療薬。
- ボツリヌス毒素が、A型ボツリヌス毒素である請求項1に記載の治療薬。
- 投与が、1ユニット〜50,000ユニットの範囲のボツリヌス毒素の量を投与することを含む請求項1に記載の治療薬。
- 投与が、10ユニット〜2,000ユニットの範囲のA型ボツリヌス毒素の量を投与することを含む請求項1に記載の治療薬。
- 投与が、100ユニット〜30,000ユニットの範囲のB型ボツリヌス毒素の量を投与することを含む請求項1に記載の治療薬。
- 投与が、患者にボツリヌス毒素成分および担体成分を含む組成物を注射すること、および患者の体内にボツリヌス毒素を含むインプラント装置を設置することから選ばれるステップを含む請求項1に記載の治療薬。
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| US11/156,502 US8105611B2 (en) | 2005-06-17 | 2005-06-17 | Treatment of autoimmune disorder with a neurotoxin |
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| PCT/US2006/021069 WO2006138059A2 (en) | 2005-06-17 | 2006-05-31 | Treatment of autoimmune disorders with a neurotoxin |
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| CA2809723A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
| BRPI0612119A2 (pt) | 2010-10-19 |
| US8105611B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 |
| AU2006259728B2 (en) | 2011-11-10 |
| EP1890714B1 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
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