JP5792007B2 - 三次元及び色彩検出における電荷管理のための方法及び装置 - Google Patents
三次元及び色彩検出における電荷管理のための方法及び装置 Download PDFInfo
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- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/89—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
- G01S17/894—Three-dimensional [3D] imaging with simultaneous measurement of time-of-flight at a two-dimensional [2D] array of receiver pixels, e.g. time-of-flight cameras or flash lidar
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- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/491—Details of non-pulse systems
- G01S7/493—Extracting wanted echo signals
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- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
- H10F39/18—Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor [CMOS] image sensors; Photodiode array image sensors
- H10F39/182—Colour image sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/95—Circuit arrangements
- H10F77/953—Circuit arrangements for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/957—Circuit arrangements for devices having potential barriers for position-sensitive photodetectors, e.g. lateral-effect photodiodes or quadrant photodiodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F30/00—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors
- H10F30/20—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors
- H10F30/21—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation
- H10F30/28—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation the devices being characterised by field-effect operation, e.g. junction field-effect phototransistors
- H10F30/2823—Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation the devices being characterised by field-effect operation, e.g. junction field-effect phototransistors the devices being conductor-insulator-semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes or charge-coupled devices [CCD]
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Description
本出願は、Bamji他の名義で出願され、カリフォルニア州サンノゼにあるCanesta社が譲受人である、2001年12月11日に出願された「量子効率変調を使った、CMOS適合の三次元画像検出のためのシステム」という名称の係属中の米国特許出願第10/020,339号(「’339出願」)からの一部継続出願であり、本出願は、現在、米国特許出願第6,580,496号(2003)である。この’339出願は、(2000年12月11日出願された)米国仮特許出願第60/254,873号、及び(2000年11月9日出願された)第60/247,158号に基づく優先権を主張するものである。
現在USP6,580,496号(2003年)(496発明)である、親出願の発明は、全く可動部品を必要とせず、かつ、光度データに依存するのではなく、飛行時間(TOF)データを使って、リアルタイムで距離及び速度データを測定するCMOS実装可能なシステムを提供した。光子光エネルギーを検知するCMOS適合画素検出器の二次元アレイ、及び関連処理回路の両方を含む単一IC上に、このシステムを作ることができるであろう。’496特許を生んだ出願の関連出願は、現在、Bamji他著(2003年)「量子効率変調を使ったCMOS適合三次元画像検出のための方法」という名称のUSP6,515,740号である。
Φ = 2・ω・z/C = 2・(2・π・f)・z/C
であり、ここで、Cは光の速度300,000Km/secである。従って、エネルギーエミッタからの(及び、検出器アレイからの)距離zは、以下で与えられる。
z = Φ・C/2・ω = Φ・C/{2・(2・π・f)}
3つの参照される仮特許出願で示す発明を説明する前に、USP6,580,496号、以後「’496発明」、又はUSP6,515,740号の発明を初めに説明することが役立つであろう。’496及び’740特許は同じ仕様を持つので、どちらの発明の参照も、本出願では、’496発明の参照であると表す。
W = [2ε・(Ψ0+VR-VB)]0.5{[qNA・(1+NA/ND)]-0.5+[qND・(1+ND/NA)]-0.5}
ここで、(VR-VB)はフォトダイオード240の逆バイアス、NA及びNdは、ダイオードのn及びp領域におけるそれぞれのドーピング濃度であり、かつ Ψ0=VTln(NAND/ni 2) であり、ここで、VT=kT/q=26mV、かつni=1.5・1010cm-3である。
(表1)
ΔVd=[ΔVd2(τ2)-ΔVd1(τ2)]/ΔVd1(τ1)
ここで、時間τ1において、
ΔVd1=A[1+cos(ωt)]cos(ωt+Φ)
ΔVd1=Acos(ωt+Φ)+0.5A{cos(Φ)+cos(2ωt+Φ)}
及び、時間τ2において、
ΔVd1=A[1+cos(ωt-120)]cos(ωt+Φ)
ΔVd1=Acos(ωt+Φ)+0.5A[cos(Φ+120)+cos(2ωt+Φ-120)]
ΔVd2=A[1+cos(ωt-240)]cos(ωt+Φ)
ΔVd2=Acos(ωt+Φ)+0.5A[cos(Φ-120)+cos(2ωt+Φ+120)]
従って、フィルタリング後、
ΔVd=[cos(Φ-120)-cos(Φ+120)]/cos(Φ)
ΔVd=2sin(Φ)sin(120)/cos(Φ)
ΔVd=K1sin(Φ)/cos(Φ)
ΔVd=K1tan(Φ) ここで、K1=√3
ΔVd=[ΔVd3(τ1)-ΔVd2(τ1)]/ΔVd1(τ1)=K1tan(Φ) ここで、K1=√3である。
0°-180°測定値:ΔVd(τ1)
90°-270°測定値:ΔVd(τ2)⇒ΔVd(τ2)/ΔVd(τ1)=tan(Φ)
0°-180°測定値:ΔVd(τ3)⇒ΔVd(τ2)/ΔVe(τ3)=tan(Φ)
90°-270°測定値:ΔVd(τ4)⇒ΔVd(τ4)/ΔVd(τ3)=tan(Φ) 等となる。
(1)時間 0<t<t1 においては、例えば0°及び180°変調のように、検出器D又は240-(x)は、信号S1=1+cos(ωt)でバイアスされ、検出器240-(x+1)は、信号S2=1+cos(ωt+180°)でバイアスされる。
(2)時間 0<t<t1 の間、2つの検出器から出力された信号が蓄積され、時間t=t1において、差分信号を、デジタル又はアナログの形で、格納又はサンプリングする。
(3)時間 t1<t<t2 の間、検出器240-(x)は、信号S1=1+cos(ωt+180°)でバイアスされ、検出器240-(x+1)は、信号S2=1+cos(ωt)でバイアスされる。
(4)2つの検出器からの出力信号は蓄積され、蓄積の最後、時間t=t2において、デジタル又はアナログの形で、差分信号を格納又はサンプリングする。
(5)サンプリング又は格納されたアナログ及び/又はデジタル信号について、差分信号を計算する。
(表2)
P = P0e-xK(λ) (1)
ここで、P0は、シリコン表面における光子の数である。
は、各帯域内の平均吸収係数である。それゆえ、全n個の測定値で、画像のRGB成分を以下のように推定することができる。
Claims (11)
- 集積回路(IC)構造を作製するのに使用される表現可能なマスクパターンのセットを画定する現存する関係におけるルールのセット及び描画レイヤのセットを提供するCMOSファブで使用される方法であって、
前記方法は、ICフォトディテクタ構造の前記CMOSファブによる製造を可能にし、前記CMOSファブによる製造は、提供された前記現存する関係における前記ルールのセット及び前記描画レイヤのセットを使用して表現できないマスクパターンを必要とし、
前記方法は、
(a)前記ICフォトディテクタ構造の製造において、前記描画レイヤのセット内の少なくとも1つのレイヤを使用するステップと、
(b)前記提供された前記ルールのセット内の少なくとも1つのルールを修正し、前記CMOSファブによって提供された前記現存する関係を修正するステップと、
(c)ステップ(b)で修正された少なくとも1つのルールを使用し、前記CMOSファブによって提供された前記現存する関係内でなければ表現できない前記ICフォトディテクタ構造用の少なくとも1つのマスクパターンを表現するステップと、
(d)ステップ(a)、ステップ(b)及びステップ(c)を使用して、前記CMOSファブ内で前記ICフォトディテクタ構造を製造するステップと、を有し、
前記方法は、前記方法を使用しないで前記CMOSファブで製造されたICよりも優れた少なくとも1つのセンサ特性を有する前記ICフォトディテクタ構造を、前記CMOSファブで製造することを可能にし、
ステップ(a)において、前記少なくとも1つのレイヤは、少なくとも1つのブロッキング領域を画定する、方法。 - ステップ(a)において、前記少なくとも1つのレイヤは、少なくとも1つのドーパントブロッキング領域を画定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記CMOSファブによる前記ICフォトディテクタ構造の製造の間、前記少なくとも1つのドーパントブロッキング領域は、(i)pウェル・ドーパント形成、(ii)nウェル・ドーパント形成、(iii)n+ドーパント形成、(iv)p+ドーパント形成、(v)Vtnドーパント形成、及び(vi)NLDDドーパント形成、のうち少なくとも1つをブロックする、請求項2に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)において、前記少なくとも1つのレイヤは、少なくとも1つのシリサイドブロッキング領域及びポリサイドブロッキング領域を画定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのブロッキング領域は、(i)STI領域の形成をブロックすること、及び(ii)STI領域の形成を促進すること、のうち少なくとも1つを行う、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)において、前記少なくとも1つのレイヤは、少なくとも1つのドーパント導入領域を画定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記少なくとも1つのドーパント導入領域は、(i)pウェル・ドーパント形成、(ii)nウェル・ドーパント形成、(iii)n+ドーパント形成、(iv)p+ドーパント形成、(v)Vtnドーパント形成、及び(vi)NLDDドーパント形成、のうち少なくとも1つを含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)において、前記少なくとも1つのレイヤは、(i)シリサイド導入領域、及び(ii)ポリサイド導入領域、のうち少なくとも1つを画定する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ICフォトディテクタ構造は、(i)センサIC、(ii)3次元センサIC、及び(iii)飛行時間センサICのうちの1つである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ICフォトディテクタ構造は、検出された光エネルギに応答して電荷を生成し、少なくともゲート及び関連するドレインを備え、
前記方法は、(i)前記ICフォトディテクタ構造内で生成された電荷の移動の促進、(ii)前記ICフォトディテクタ構造の空乏層の深さの促進、(iii)前記ゲートと前記関連するドレインとの間の電荷の移動の促進、(iv)前記ICフォトディテクタ構造内で生成された電荷の収集の促進、及び(v)前記ICフォトディテクタ構造による収集に利用可能な検出生成光電子の数の増加、で構成される群から選択される前記ICフォトディテクタ構造の少なくとも1つの特性を改善する、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記ICフォトディテクタ構造は、画像ICであり、
前記方法は、(i)光学的特性の改善、及び(ii)電気的特性の改善、で構成される群から選択される前記ICフォトディテクタ構造の少なくとも1つの動作特性を改善する、請求項1に記載の方法。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/464,299 | 2003-06-17 | ||
| US10/464,299 US6906793B2 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2003-06-17 | Methods and devices for charge management for three-dimensional sensing |
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| JP2006517441A Division JP5357392B2 (ja) | 2003-06-17 | 2004-06-17 | 三次元及び色彩検出における電荷管理のための方法及び装置 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| JP2012037526A JP2012037526A (ja) | 2012-02-23 |
| JP5792007B2 true JP5792007B2 (ja) | 2015-10-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP2006517441A Expired - Fee Related JP5357392B2 (ja) | 2003-06-17 | 2004-06-17 | 三次元及び色彩検出における電荷管理のための方法及び装置 |
| JP2011198613A Expired - Fee Related JP5638490B2 (ja) | 2003-06-17 | 2011-09-12 | 三次元及び色彩検出における電荷管理のための方法及び装置 |
| JP2011198612A Expired - Fee Related JP5792007B2 (ja) | 2003-06-17 | 2011-09-12 | 三次元及び色彩検出における電荷管理のための方法及び装置 |
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| JP2011198613A Expired - Fee Related JP5638490B2 (ja) | 2003-06-17 | 2011-09-12 | 三次元及び色彩検出における電荷管理のための方法及び装置 |
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| EP (2) | EP1644700A4 (ja) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7352454B2 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2008-04-01 | Canesta, Inc. | Methods and devices for improved charge management for three-dimensional and color sensing |
| US6906793B2 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2005-06-14 | Canesta, Inc. | Methods and devices for charge management for three-dimensional sensing |
| NZ525241A (en) * | 2003-04-08 | 2006-02-24 | Univ Waikato | Range sensing system with shuttered receiver. |
| US7139067B2 (en) * | 2003-09-12 | 2006-11-21 | Textron Systems Corporation | Three-dimensional imaging with multiframe blind deconvolution |
| KR20060127918A (ko) * | 2004-01-26 | 2006-12-13 | 코닌클리즈케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. | 온-칩 자기공명 측정 장치, 방법 및 이 장치의 사용 방법 |
| US8139141B2 (en) * | 2004-01-28 | 2012-03-20 | Microsoft Corporation | Single chip red, green, blue, distance (RGB-Z) sensor |
| US7321111B2 (en) * | 2004-04-12 | 2008-01-22 | Canesta, Inc. | Method and system to enhance differential dynamic range and signal/noise in CMOS range finding systems using differential sensors |
| US7157685B2 (en) * | 2004-04-12 | 2007-01-02 | Canesta, Inc. | Method and system to enhance differential dynamic range and signal/noise in CMOS range finding systems using differential sensors |
| US7126100B1 (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2006-10-24 | Kla-Tencor Technologies Corporation | System and method for sensing using adjustable modulation transfer function (MTF) |
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| JP2012049547A (ja) | 2012-03-08 |
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| US20050156121A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
| EP2442068A2 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
| JP5357392B2 (ja) | 2013-12-04 |
| JP2007526448A (ja) | 2007-09-13 |
| EP1644700A2 (en) | 2006-04-12 |
| JP2012037526A (ja) | 2012-02-23 |
| WO2004114369A3 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
| US20030223053A1 (en) | 2003-12-04 |
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