JP5964594B2 - 触媒、その製造方法、及び触媒を用いる反応 - Google Patents
触媒、その製造方法、及び触媒を用いる反応 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0225—Coating of metal substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00819—Materials of construction
- B01J2219/00835—Comprising catalytically active material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/50—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their shape or configuration
- B01J35/56—Foraminous structures having flow-through passages or channels, e.g. grids or three-dimensional [3D] monoliths
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49345—Catalytic device making
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Description
多孔質担体は、金属又はセラミックのフォーム(foam)であることができる。金属フォームは、高度に熱伝導性であり、且つ機械加工し易い。スポンジ様の機械的性質により、機械的接触を介して反応室を簡便にシールすることができる。金属フォームと収容反応室(housing reaction chamber)との間の密接に適合させた熱膨張により、より高温において、多孔質担体のクラッキングが最小になり、また多孔質担体周囲のガスの偏流が最少になる。Pestryakovらは、n−ブタンを酸化するための中間ガンマ・アルミナ層を有する金属フォーム担持遷移金属酸化物触媒(非特許文献1)及び有しない金属フォーム担持遷移金属酸化物触媒(非特許文献2)を調製した。Kosak(非特許文献3)は、表面をHCl溶液でプレエッチングする、様々な金属フォーム上に貴金属を分散させるためのいくつもの方法を試験し、無電解メッキが、フォーム担体に対して貴金属を最も良好に接着させることを報告した。Podyachevaら(非特許文献4)も、メタンを酸化するための多孔質アルミナ中間層を有するフォーム金属担持LaCoO3ペロブスカイト触媒を合成した。金属フォーム担持触媒を用いることによるすべての潜在的な利点にもかかわらず、金属フォームは、耐蝕性が低く、その非多孔質及び滑らかなウエッブ表面に起因してセラミック材料に対する接着が不良であり、またこれらの材料は、熱膨張率が適合していないので、熱サイクル後に、界面層がスポーリングする傾向がある。
多孔質担体100は多孔質セラミック又は金属の形態であることができる。本発明での使用に適する他の多孔質担体としては、炭化物、窒化物、及び複合材料が挙げられる。層を堆積させる前、多孔質担体は、水銀圧入法によって測定した場合、少なくとも5%の多孔度を有し、また光学顕微鏡及び走査電子顕微鏡によって測定した場合、1μmから1000μmの平均細孔サイズ(孔径の合計/細孔数)を有する。多孔質担体は、好ましくは約30%から約99%の多孔度、更に好ましくは70%から98%の多孔度を有する。多孔質担体の好ましい形態は、フォーム、フェルト、ワッド(wad)及びそれらの組合わせである。フォームは、構造全体にわたって細孔を画定している連続壁を有する構造である。フェルトは、それらの間に隙間空間を有する繊維の構造である。ワッドは、スチールウールのような絡み合ったストランドの構造である。好ましさは劣るが、多孔質担体としては、上記の多孔度及び細孔サイズの特性を有するという条件付で、他の多孔質媒体、例えばペレット及びハニカムも挙げることかできる。金属フォームの連続気泡(open cells)は、好ましくは1インチ当たり細孔の個数が約20(ppi)から約3000ppi、更に好ましくは約40から約120ppiである。ppiは、1インチ当たりの細孔の最大個数と規定される(等方性材料では、測定方向は無関係であるが;異方性材料では、測定は細孔数が最大になる方向で行う)。本発明では、ppiは走査電子顕微鏡で測定する。多孔質担体は、低い圧力低下、従来のセラミックペレット担体を超える向上した熱伝導性、及び化学反応器におけるロード/アンロードのし易さを含む本発明におけるいくつもの利点を提供することを発見した。
実験を行って、本発明の緩衝層の確かな利点を証明した。
エッチングされていないステンレス鋼フォーム(オハイオ州ンシナティにあるAstromet)を、化学蒸着法によって、1000ÅのTiO2で被覆した。チタンイソプロポキシド(マサチューセッツ州ニューバリーポートにあるStrem Chemical)を、0.1トルから100トルの圧力で250℃から800℃の温度において、蒸着させた。600℃の堆積温度及び3トルの反応器圧において、該フォームに対して優れた接着を有するチタン被覆が得られた。
Claims (6)
- 装置の金属内壁の少なくとも1つを、蒸着により形成されたAl2O3、SiO2、ZrO2、TiO2、およびこれらの組合せから選ばれた、0.05〜10μmの厚さを有する金属酸化物層を含む緩衝層で被覆したマイクロチャネル装置であって、
前記緩衝層上に配置された、コロイド分散液を被覆して乾燥、焼成して堆積された金属酸化物を含有する金属酸化物界面層を含み、かつ当該緩衝層は前記界面層とは異なる組成または異なる密度を有し、
前記内壁が反応室の少なくとも1つの壁を含み、且つ前記界面層上に配置された触媒活性材料を更に含む、
マイクロチャネル装置。 - 前記マイクロチャネル装置が、該装置に対する接続部また当該装置内における接続部を形成する金属チューブおよび金属パイプを有し、該装置に対する接続部または該装置内における接続部が蒸着により形成された前記緩衝層で被覆された内部金属表面を有する、請求項1に記載のマイクロチャネル装置。
- 装置の金属内壁の少なくとも1つが反応室の少なくとも1つの壁を含み、かつ該壁を0.05〜10μmの厚さを有する蒸着した金属酸化物層を含む緩衝層であって、Al2O3、TiO2、SiO2、ZrO2、およびこれらの組合せからなる群より選択された金属酸化物を含む緩衝層で被覆した装置であって、
前記緩衝層の上に金属酸化物を含む界面層を含み、
前記緩衝層は前記界面層と異なる組成または異なる密度を有し、且つ
前記界面層上に配置された触媒活性材料を更に含む、
装置。 - 装置の金属内壁の少なくとも1つが反応室の少なくとも1つの壁を含み、かつ該壁を0.05〜10μmの厚さを有する蒸着した金属酸化物層を含む緩衝層であって、Al2O3、TiO2、SiO2、ZrO2、およびこれらの組合せからなる群より選択される金属酸化物を含む緩衝層で被覆した装置であって、
前記反応室が多孔質触媒モノリス又は一緒に積み重ねられているいくつもの多孔質触媒モノリスを備え、該多孔質触媒モノリスまたは一緒に積み重ねられているいくつもの多孔質触媒モノリスの厚みは1cm未満であり、
前記モノリスは充填された粉末床又はペレット又はマイクロチャネル壁上の被覆ではない、
装置。 - 装置の金属内壁の少なくとも1つが反応室の少なくとも1つの壁を含み、かつ該壁を0.05〜10μmの厚さを有する蒸着した金属酸化物層を含む緩衝層であって、Al2O3、TiO2、SiO2、ZrO2、およびこれらの組合せからなる群より選択される金属酸化物を含む緩衝層で被覆した装置であって、
前記緩衝層上に配置された、コロイド分散液を被覆して乾燥、焼成して堆積された金属酸化物を含有する金属酸化物界面層を更に含み、
前記内壁が反応室の少なくとも1つの壁を含み、且つ前記界面層上に配置された触媒活性材料を更に含む、
装置。 - 該多孔質触媒モノリスまたは一緒に積み重ねられているいくつもの多孔質触媒モノリスの厚みは1〜3mmである、請求項4に記載の装置。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US09/492,950 | 2000-01-27 | ||
| US09/492,950 US6440895B1 (en) | 1998-07-27 | 2000-01-27 | Catalyst, method of making, and reactions using the catalyst |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001554787A Division JP4982717B2 (ja) | 2000-01-27 | 2001-01-26 | 触媒、その製造方法、及び触媒を用いる反応 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2012110894A JP2012110894A (ja) | 2012-06-14 |
| JP2012110894A5 JP2012110894A5 (ja) | 2013-06-20 |
| JP5964594B2 true JP5964594B2 (ja) | 2016-08-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001554787A Expired - Fee Related JP4982717B2 (ja) | 2000-01-27 | 2001-01-26 | 触媒、その製造方法、及び触媒を用いる反応 |
| JP2012005341A Expired - Fee Related JP5964594B2 (ja) | 2000-01-27 | 2012-01-13 | 触媒、その製造方法、及び触媒を用いる反応 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP2001554787A Expired - Fee Related JP4982717B2 (ja) | 2000-01-27 | 2001-01-26 | 触媒、その製造方法、及び触媒を用いる反応 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US6440895B1 (ja) |
| EP (2) | EP2295140A1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP4982717B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR100670954B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1211162C (ja) |
| AU (2) | AU778052C (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2396144C (ja) |
| NO (1) | NO20023080L (ja) |
| RU (1) | RU2257955C2 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2001054812A1 (ja) |
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- 2001-01-26 WO PCT/US2001/003045 patent/WO2001054812A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-01-26 EP EP20100012516 patent/EP2295140A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-01-26 JP JP2001554787A patent/JP4982717B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2001-01-26 AU AU34666/01A patent/AU778052C/en not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2005200598A1 (en) | 2005-03-10 |
| US20040188326A1 (en) | 2004-09-30 |
| AU3466601A (en) | 2001-08-07 |
| JP2003520675A (ja) | 2003-07-08 |
| JP4982717B2 (ja) | 2012-07-25 |
| US6440895B1 (en) | 2002-08-27 |
| RU2002120794A (ru) | 2004-01-10 |
| NO20023080L (no) | 2002-09-13 |
| NO20023080D0 (no) | 2002-06-26 |
| WO2001054812B1 (en) | 2001-11-29 |
| EP1257362A1 (en) | 2002-11-20 |
| JP2012110894A (ja) | 2012-06-14 |
| EP1257362B1 (en) | 2013-05-08 |
| CN1400923A (zh) | 2003-03-05 |
| US6762149B2 (en) | 2004-07-13 |
| AU778052B2 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
| AU2005200598B2 (en) | 2007-12-20 |
| WO2001054812A1 (en) | 2001-08-02 |
| AU778052C (en) | 2005-09-01 |
| RU2257955C2 (ru) | 2005-08-10 |
| EP2295140A1 (en) | 2011-03-16 |
| CN1211162C (zh) | 2005-07-20 |
| US7498001B2 (en) | 2009-03-03 |
| CA2396144A1 (en) | 2001-08-02 |
| CA2396144C (en) | 2013-11-19 |
| KR20020080387A (ko) | 2002-10-23 |
| US20030007904A1 (en) | 2003-01-09 |
| KR100670954B1 (ko) | 2007-01-17 |
| HK1053996A1 (en) | 2003-11-14 |
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