JP7551215B2 - リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法およびこれにより製造された正極活物質 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法およびこれにより製造された正極活物質 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7551215B2 JP7551215B2 JP2023511851A JP2023511851A JP7551215B2 JP 7551215 B2 JP7551215 B2 JP 7551215B2 JP 2023511851 A JP2023511851 A JP 2023511851A JP 2023511851 A JP2023511851 A JP 2023511851A JP 7551215 B2 JP7551215 B2 JP 7551215B2
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- positive electrode
- active material
- electrode active
- lithium secondary
- fuel
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 85
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 58
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 56
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- SWRGUMCEJHQWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanedihydrazide Chemical compound NNC(=O)C(=O)NN SWRGUMCEJHQWEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 separator Substances 0.000 description 29
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- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
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- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
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- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910018380 Mn(NO3)2.6H2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical class COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAVRWNUUOUXDFH-UHFFFAOYSA-H 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn+2].[Mn+2].[Mn+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O OAVRWNUUOUXDFH-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910018916 CoOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010090 LiAlO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016622 LixFe2O3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015103 LixWO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZHGDJTMNXSOQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O Chemical compound NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O.NP(N)(N)=O ZHGDJTMNXSOQDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002640 NiOOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008326 Si-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006773 Si—Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020997 Sn-Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008859 Sn—Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTBHLGSMKCPLCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].OOO Chemical compound [Mn].OOO RTBHLGSMKCPLCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005456 alcohol based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical class Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Sb](=O)O[Sb](=O)=O LJCFOYOSGPHIOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000411 antimony tetroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000417 bismuth pentoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021475 bohrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011329 calcined coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000004862 dioxolanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010294 electrolyte impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004210 ether based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium monoxide Inorganic materials [Ge]=O PVADDRMAFCOOPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021473 hassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002461 imidazolidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012073 inactive phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005453 ketone based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Pb]=O YADSGOSSYOOKMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(II,IV) oxide Inorganic materials O1[Pb]O[Pb]11O[Pb]O1 XMFOQHDPRMAJNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SIAPCJWMELPYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium hydride Chemical compound [LiH] SIAPCJWMELPYOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;hydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound [Li+].O.[OH-] GLXDVVHUTZTUQK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002696 manganese Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011656 manganese carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006748 manganese carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011564 manganese citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014872 manganese citrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940097206 manganese citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Mn+2] PPNAOCWZXJOHFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000016 manganese(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000357 manganese(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]O[Mn]=O GEYXPJBPASPPLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N monofluorobenzene Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1 PYLWMHQQBFSUBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001384 propylene homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001008 quinone-imine dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical class O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YEAUATLBSVJFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraantimony hexaoxide Chemical compound O1[Sb](O2)O[Sb]3O[Sb]1O[Sb]2O3 YEAUATLBSVJFOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001106 transmission high energy electron diffraction data Methods 0.000 description 1
- BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphite Chemical compound CCOP(OCC)OCC BDZBKCUKTQZUTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
Description
1)尿素(urea)、グリシン(glycine)、カルボヒドラジド(carbohydrazide)、オキサリルジヒドラジド(oxalyldihydrazide)およびヘキサメチレンテトラミン(hexamethylenetetramine)からなる群から選択される一つ以上の第1燃料と、クエン酸(citric acid)、シユウ酸(oxalic acid)、スクロース(sucrose)、グルコース(glucose)およびアセチルアセトン(acetylacetone)からなる群から選択される一つ以上の第2燃料と、リチウム原料物質、ニッケル原料物質、コバルト原料物質およびマンガン原料物質を含む金属原料物質を水に入れ、撹拌して、混合溶液を製造するステップと、
2)前記混合溶液を加熱して粉末状に燃焼させるステップと、
3)前記ステップ2)で得られた粉末を熱処理するステップと、を含むリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法を提供する。
ステップ1)は、第1燃料、第2燃料および金属原料物質を水に入れて撹拌し、混合溶液を製造するステップである。
ステップ2)は、上述の混合溶液をホットプレート(hot plate)を用いて加熱しながら水分を蒸発させてゲル(gel)状態にした後、熱を加え続けて前記ゲルで燃焼反応が起こるようにし、粉末状に変化させるステップである。
ステップ3)は、前記ステップ2)で得られた粉末を熱処理することで、先に行われた燃焼で不完全な状態である単粒子(single particle)、すなわち、単粒子の形状であり得るが、完全な層状の(layered)結晶相が形成されず、ニッケル酸化物相が混ざっている状態の粒子を熱処理することで、電池材料として電気化学的特性を備えた正極活物質粒子に変化させるステップである。
本発明のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質は、上述のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法により製造されたものである。
Li1+x(NiaCobMncMd)O2
Mは、W、Cu、Fe、V、Cr、Ti、Zr、Zn、Al、In、Ta、Y、La、Sr、Ga、Sc、Gd、Sm、Ca、Ce、Nb、Mg、BおよびMoから選択される1種以上であり、
x、a、b、cおよびdは、それぞれ独立した元素の原子分率として、
0≦x≦0.20、0.50≦a≦0.95、0.025≦b≦0.25、0.025≦c≦0.25、0≦d≦0.05、a+b+c+d=1である。
本発明のリチウム二次電池は、前記正極活物質を含む正極と、負極と、前記正極と負極との間に介在されたセパレータと、電解質とを含み、本発明による正極活物質を適用する以外は、当業界において周知の通常の製造方法により製造されることができる。
実施例1
燃料として尿素およびクエン酸を80:20の重量比で蒸留水に入れた後、完全に溶解するまで混合した。前記燃料が完全に溶解した水溶液に金属原料物質であるLiNO3、Ni(NO3)2・6H2O、Co(NO3)2・6H2O、Mn(NO3)2・6H2O、Al(NO3)3・9H2Oを入れて完全に溶解するまで撹拌した。この際、LiNO3は、リチウム以外の金属(M)、すなわちニッケル、コバルト、マンガンおよびアルミニウムの総モル数に対するリチウムのモル数の割合であるLi/Mモル比が1.07になるように投入し、ニッケル、コバルト、マンガンおよびアルミニウムの間のモル比は86:5:7:2になるように投入した。また、燃料の含量は、前記金属原料物質の全含量に対して40wt%であった。撹拌された溶液を、ホットプレート(hot plate)を用いて、380℃に加熱して水分をすべて蒸発させた後、自発的な燃焼反応が起こるようにした。
燃料として、尿素およびクエン酸の代わりに尿素のみを単独で使用した以外は、実施例1と同一の過程により正極活物質を製造した。製造された正極活物質の平均粒径(D50)は3μmであり、走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察した写真は図4に示した。図4を参照すると、燃料の燃焼が急激に起こり、不均一な粒子の成長によって一次粒子が多数凝集して形成された二次粒子の形状が多数観察されることを確認することができる。
前記実施例1および比較例1で製造された正極活物質を、それぞれ導電材(カーボンブラック)およびバインダー(ポリビニリデンフルオライド、PVdF)と、95:2.2:2.8の重量比でN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)溶媒の中で混合し、正極スラリー(固形分含量:16重量%)を製造した。
前記実験例1と同一の方法で、実施例1および比較例1の正極活物質がそれぞれ適用されたリチウム二次電池を製造した後、0.33Cで4.3Vまで100%満充電した。充電された電池を分解した後、分離した正極3個をパウチに入れて前記実験例1の電解液をさらに注液した後、60℃のオーブンで12週間保管しながら発生したパウチの体積の変化を1週単位で測定した。具体的には、パウチの体積変化時に発生する浮力の変化を用いたアルキメデスの原理を用いて、水中で前記パウチの質量の変化を測定した後、これを体積変化に換算し、図6に示した。
Claims (9)
- 1)尿素(urea)、グリシン(glycine)、カルボヒドラジド(carbohydrazide)、オキサリルジヒドラジド(oxalyldihydrazide)およびヘキサメチレンテトラミン(hexamethylenetetramine)からなる群から選択される一つ以上の第1燃料と、クエン酸(citric acid)、シユウ酸(oxalic acid)、スクロース(sucrose)、グルコース(glucose)およびアセチルアセトン(acetylacetone)からなる群から選択される一つ以上の第2燃料と、
リチウム原料物質、ニッケル原料物質、コバルト原料物質およびマンガン原料物質を含む金属原料物質を水に入れ、撹拌して、混合溶液を製造するステップと、
2)前記混合溶液を加熱して粉末状に燃焼させるステップと、
3)前記ステップ2)で得られた粉末を熱処理するステップと、を含む、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。 - 前記第1燃料は尿素であり、第2燃料はクエン酸である、請求項1に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第1燃料および第2燃料の重量比は60:40~90:10である、請求項1または2に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記第1燃料および第2燃料の重量比は70:30~90:10である、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ステップ1)において、第1燃料および第2燃料の全含量は、前記金属原料物質の全含量に対して20wt%~60wt%である、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ステップ2)の加熱は、300℃~500℃の温度で行われる、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記ステップ3)の熱処理は、700℃~800℃の温度で行われる、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 前記正極活物質は、平均粒径(D50)が0.5μm~2.5μmである単粒子(single particle)を含む、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法。
- 請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法によりリチウム二次電池用正極活物質を製造するステップを含む、正極と、負極と、前記正極と負極との間に介在されたセパレータと、電解質とを含むリチウム二次電池の製造方法。
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