JPH01190010A - Microwave oscillator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent parasitic oscillation and to attain stable oscillation by connecting a strip line whose tip is opened and a choke circuit to both terminals of a 1st termination resistor of a termination circuit and connecting 2nd termination resistor and a capacitor between the terminal and ground. CONSTITUTION:A terminal 30 is connected to a 1st strip line 15 whose tip is opened via the 1st termination resistor 14 and connected to a choke circuit 18, the other terminal of the circuit 18 is connected to ground via a capacitor 19 and the 2nd termination resistor 20, and connected to ground via a 1st resistor 21. Then the end of the strip line coupling the dielectric resonator electromagnetically is connected to the terminal 30. The strip line 15 whose tip is opened is designed to have a length of 1/4 of wavelength lambdag in the oscillating frequency. Thus, the parasitic oscillation in frequencies except the oscillating frequency f0 is prevented.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to a microwave oscillation circuit that can be used in equipment using microwaves such as satellite communication equipment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In recent years, research and development of new wireless communication systems such as satellite communication have been actively conducted.

Many of these new wireless communication systems use microwaves. Research and development of microwave oscillation circuits, which play an important role in microwave equipment, is also actively conducted.

An example of a conventional microwave oscillation circuit will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 13 shows a configuration diagram of a conventional microwave oscillation circuit. In FIG. 13, 51 is a field effect transistor (hereinafter abbreviated as FIT), 52 is a drain terminal, and 6
3 is the source terminal, 54 is the gate terminal, 65 is the first open tip, 56.58.67 is the low-pass filter, and 6.

62 is a strip line, 59.68 is a resistor, eO is an interdigital DC blocking circuit, 61 is a load resistor, 6
3 is a dielectric resonator, 64 is a terminating resistor, 66 is a second open-ended strip line, and 66 is a power supply terminal.

The operation of the conventional microwave oscillation circuit configured as described above will be described below.

First, a first open-ended stripline 65 is connected to the drain terminal 52 of the FETesl, and the microwave impedance at the drain terminal 52 is adjusted by this first open-ended stripline 56. Furthermore, the low-pass filter 66 connected to the drain terminal 52 transmits the oscillated microwaves to the power supply terminal 66.
This prevents leakage. Next, a strip line 6 is connected to the source terminal 63 of the FET 51, and the oscillation output is taken out from this strip line and supplied to the load resistor e1. The low-pass filter 68 prevents the oscillated microwave from leaking to the resistor 59. resistance 6
9 is a bias resistor for the source terminal 53. next,
A strip line 62 is connected to the gate terminal 54 of the FET 51.
is connected to the strip line 62, and a dielectric resonator 63 is electromagnetically coupled to the strip line 62. This dielectric resonator e3 has a very high Q and is intended to stabilize the oscillation frequency. Further, a second open-ended stripline 65 is connected to the other end of the stripline 62 via a terminating resistor e4. The resistance value of this terminating resistor 64 is designed to be the same as the characteristic impedance of the strip line e5, and the second open end strip line 65 is designed to have a length equal to the wavelength of the oscillation frequency, so that the oscillation The strip line 62 at a frequency near the frequency
The reflected wave at the terminal connected to the terminal resistor 64 a8 is suppressed. Further, a low-pass filter 67 connected to the strip line 62 prevents the oscillated microwave from leaking to the resistor 68. The resistor 68 is a resistor for biasing the gate terminal 54 and also a resistor for preventing abnormal oscillation at frequencies other than the oscillation frequency.
Its resistance value is designed to be the same as the characteristic impedance of the strip line e5 (for example, JP-A-56-47
Publication No. 107).

Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in the above-described configuration, the resistance value of the resistor 68 cannot be freely designed, and the resistance value must normally be set to a low value. There was a problem in that the FET 51 was destroyed due to current flow.

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a microwave oscillation circuit that can stabilize oscillation by preventing odd oscillations at frequencies other than the oscillation frequency, and further improve reliability by preventing destruction of active elements. It provides:

Means for Solving the Problems In order to solve the above problems, the microwave oscillation circuit of the present invention stabilizes the frequency with a dielectric resonator, and provides a termination of a strip line that electromagnetically couples the dielectric resonator. The circuit includes a first terminating resistor, a first open-ended strip line connected to a first terminal of the first terminating resistor, and a first strip line connected to a second terminal of the first terminating resistor. a second terminating resistor and a capacitor connected in series between the first choke circuit and ground;
This uses a circuit including the second terminating resistor and a first resistor connected in parallel to the capacitor.

Function The present invention has the above-described configuration, and the first terminating resistor and the first terminating resistor.
The open-ended stripline suppresses reflections at the ends of the stripline at frequencies near the oscillation frequency, and the second terminating resistor suppresses reflected waves at frequencies other than the oscillation frequency to prevent parasitic oscillation. With one resistor, the bias current of the active element can be designed to any optimal value.

EXAMPLE Hereinafter, a microwave oscillation circuit according to an example of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a stripline termination circuit for electromagnetically coupling dielectric resonators of a microwave oscillation circuit in a first embodiment of the invention.

In FIG. 1, 14 is a first terminating resistor, 16 is a first strip line with an open end, 18 is a first choke circuit, 19 is a capacitor, 2o is a second terminating resistor, and 21 is a first resistor. , 30 are terminals. The terminal 30 is connected to the first open-ended strip line 1 via the first terminating resistor 14.
5 and is also connected to a first choke circuit 18 . The choke circuit 18 is connected to the ground via the capacitor 19 and the second terminating resistor 2o, and is also connected to the ground via the first resistor 21. The terminal 3o is connected to the end of a strip line that electromagnetically couples the dielectric resonator.

Regarding the microwave oscillation circuit configured as above,
The operation will be explained below using FIG.

In FIG. 1, the first open-ended IJ coupling line 15 is designed to have a length of λ9 having an oscillation frequency fo. That is, the terminal 30 is grounded via the first terminating resistor 14 at the oscillation frequency of 10. Therefore, if the resistance value of the first terminating resistor 14 is made equal to the characteristic impedance of the strip line that electromagnetically couples the dielectric resonators, the dielectric resonators will be electromagnetically coupled at a frequency near the oscillation frequency f0. Reflected waves at the end of the stripline to which the terminal 3o is connected can be suppressed. Furthermore, the choke circuit 18 connected to the terminal 30 is designed to have high impedance at the oscillation frequency f0, and the capacitance value of the capacitor 19 is designed to have low impedance at high frequencies. Furthermore, since the resistance value of the second terminating resistor 20 is designed to be equal to the characteristic impedance of the strip line that electromagnetically couples the dielectric resonators, like the first terminating resistor 14, the oscillation frequency f.

It is possible to prevent parasitic oscillations at frequencies other than the above. The first resistor 21 is designed to set the bias current of the active element to an arbitrary optimum value to prevent destruction of the active element.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the first terminating resistor 14, the first open-ended strip line 15, and the first choke circuit 18 are used in the terminating circuit of the strip line that electromagnetically couples the dielectric resonators. By providing the capacitor 19, the second terminating resistor 20, and the first resistor 21, parasitic oscillation other than oscillation due to the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator is prevented, and excessive current flows through the active element. Active elements can be prevented from being destroyed.

A second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a stripline termination circuit for electromagnetically coupling dielectric resonators of a microwave oscillation circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In Fig. 2, 22 is a thin strip line, and 23 to 26 are second lines.
to the fifth open-ended stripline, 27 is the first resistor. The thin strip line 22 is connected to the terminal 30, and the first resistor 27 is connected between the thin strip line 22 and ground. The second to fifth open-ended strip lines 23 to 26 are each designed to have an arbitrary length, and the thin strip lines 2
It is connected to any position of 2. The terminal 30 is connected to the end of a strip line that electromagnetically couples the dielectric resonator.

Regarding the microwave oscillation circuit configured as above,
The operation will be explained below using FIG. 2.

In FIG. 2, the first terminating resistor 14 and the first open-ended strip line 15 operate in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

The thin strip line 22 operates in the same manner as a chiller coil. Further, the second to sixth open-ended striplines 23 to 26 connected to any position of the thin stripline 22 reflect reflections at frequencies near a frequency having a wavelength four times the length of each stripline. suppress the waves. Here, the second and third open-ended striplines 23 and 24 are designed to have a length equal to the wavelength of the oscillation frequency f0, which is particularly important for suppressing reflected waves, and the thin stripline 22 has a resonant frequency. f
They may be connected at an interval of just the length of 0 wavelength. and,
The first resistor 27 is designed to set the bias current of the active element to an arbitrary optimum value to prevent destruction of the active element.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the first termination resistor 14, the first open-end stripline 16, the thin stripline 22, and the second By providing the fifth open-ended strip line y2B to 26 and the first resistor 27, parasitic oscillation other than oscillation due to the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator is prevented, and excessive current is prevented from flowing into the active element. It is possible to prevent the active elements from being destroyed by the flow.

A third embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a strip line termination circuit for electromagnetically coupling dielectric resonators of a microwave oscillation circuit according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 34, 31 is a third open-ended strip line;
The second open-ended stripline 23 is designed to have a different length from the second open-ended stripline 23 .
It is connected to the thin strip line 22 at the same position.

A fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a strip line termination circuit for electromagnetically coupling dielectric resonators of a microwave oscillation circuit according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 4, the thin strip line 22 is connected to the terminal 30, and the capacitor 19 and the second terminating resistor 2o are connected in series between the thin strip line 22 and the ground. In addition, the first resistor 21 is also connected to a thin strip line 22.
and ground. Furthermore, the second and third open-ended striplines 23 and 31 are connected to arbitrary positions of the strong stripline 22. The terminal 3o is connected to the end of a strip line that electromagnetically couples the dielectric resonator.

Regarding the microphone convex wave generator circuit configured as above,
The operation will be explained below using FIG. 4.

In FIG. 4, the first terminating resistor 14, the first open-end strip line 15, the capacitor 19, the second terminating resistor 20, and the first resistor 21 operate in the same manner as in the first embodiment. do. The thin strip line 22 operates in the same manner as a choke coil. Furthermore, the second and third open-ended striplines 23 and 31 connected to any position of the thin stripline 22 reflect reflections at frequencies near a frequency having a wavelength four times the length of each stripline. suppress the waves. Here, the second or third open-ended stripline 23 or 24 is designed to have a length corresponding to the wavelength of the excavation frequency f0, which is particularly important for suppressing reflected waves, and the terminal 30 of the stripline 22 is thin. and capacitor 1
9 may be connected at a distance of % of the wavelength of the resonant frequency f0.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the first terminating resistor 14, the first open-ended strip line 15, the thin strip line 22, and the treetop 2 are used in the terminating circuit of the strip line that electromagnetically couples the dielectric resonators. Parasitic oscillation other than oscillation due to the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator is prevented by providing the third open-ended strip lines 23 and 31, the capacitor 19, the second terminating resistor 20, and the first resistor 21. At the same time, it is possible to prevent the active element from being destroyed due to excessive current flowing through the active element.

A sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 5 is a configuration diagram of a stripline termination circuit for electromagnetically coupling dielectric resonators of a microwave oscillation circuit in a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 5, 28 is a capacitor, and 2 are first resistors. A thin strip line 22 is connected to the terminal 3o,
A capacitor 28 and a first resistor 29 are connected in parallel between the thin strip line 22 and ground. Furthermore, the second open-end stripline 23 is connected to any position of the stripline 22. The terminal 30 is connected to the end of a strip line that electromagnetically couples the dielectric resonator.

Regarding the microwave oscillation circuit configured as above,
The operation will be explained below using FIG. 6.

In FIG. 6, the first terminating resistor 14 and the first open-ended strip line 15 operate in the same manner as in the first embodiment.

The thin strip line 22 operates in the same manner as a choke coil. Furthermore, the second open-ended stripline 23 connected to any position of the thin stripline 22 suppresses reflected waves at frequencies near a frequency having a wavelength four times the length of the stripline. Further, the capacitor 28 suppresses reflected waves at a frequency depending on its capacitance value and frequency characteristics. And the first resistor 2
9, the bias current of the active element is designed to an arbitrary optimum value to prevent destruction of the active element. Here, the second open-ended stripline 23 is designed to have a length of 3 wavelengths of the oscillation frequency 10, which is particularly important for suppressing reflected waves, and resonance is generated from the terminal 3o of the thin stripline 22 and the capacitor 19. They may be connected at a distance equal to the length of the wavelength of frequency f0.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the first terminating resistor 14, the first open-ended strip line 15, the thin strip line 22, and the second By providing the open-ended strip line 23, the capacitor 28, and the first resistor 29, parasitic oscillation other than oscillation due to the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator is prevented, and excessive current flows to the active element. , active elements can be prevented from being destroyed.

A sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of a strip line termination circuit for electromagnetically coupling dielectric resonators of a microwave oscillation circuit according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. In Figure 6, 21 is the third open-ended strip line.
It is connected to any position of the thin stripline 22, and its length is equal to that of the second open-ended stripline 23.
The length is different. The terminal 3o is connected to the end of a strip line that couples the dielectric resonator with an electromagnetic field.

Regarding the microwave oscillation circuit configured as above,
The operation will be explained below using FIG.

In FIG. 6, a first terminating resistor 14, a first open-ended strip line 15, a thin strip line 22 .
Second open-ended stripline 23. capacitor 2
8 and the first resistor 29 operate in the same manner as in the sixth embodiment. Furthermore, a third open-end strip connected to an arbitrary position of the thin strip line 22 is connected to the IJ tube line 31, which has a length of 4
Suppresses reflected waves at frequencies near frequencies with twice the wavelength.

As described above, according to this embodiment, the first termination resistor 14, the first open-end stripline 16, the thin stripline 22, and the second By providing the third open-ended strip lines 23 and 31, the capacitor 28, and the third resistor 29, in addition to the effects of the sixth embodiment, the third open-ended strip line 31
It is possible to simultaneously suppress reflected waves at frequencies near the frequency with a wavelength four times the length of the dielectric resonator, preventing parasitic oscillation other than oscillation due to the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator, and preventing excessive oscillation in the active element. It is possible to prevent current from flowing and destroying the active element.

Seventh to twelfth embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 7 to 12 are configuration diagrams of microwave oscillation circuits in seventh to twelfth embodiments of the present invention. In FIGS. 7 to 12, 1 is an active three-terminal element, and 2 to 4 are the first to third active three-terminal elements of the active three-terminal element 1.
terminals, 5 is an open-ended strip line, 6 and 8 are circuits, 11 and 12 are strip lines, 9 is a resistor, 10 is a DC blocking circuit, 13 is a dielectric, body resonator, 1e is a power supply Terminal 17 is an output terminal. A strip line 5 with an open end and a choke circuit 6 are connected to the first terminal 2 of the active three-terminal element 1 . A strip line 7 and a choke circuit 8 are connected to the second terminal 3 of the active three-terminal element 1 . Further, a resistor 9 is connected between the choke circuit 8 and the ground.A strip line 11 is connected to the IJ tube line 7 via a DC blocking circuit 1o. A strip line 12 is connected to the third terminal 4 of the active three-terminal element 1, and the dielectric resonator 13 is connected to the strip line 12.
and electromagnetic coupling.

Regarding the microwave oscillation circuit configured as above,
The operation will be explained below using FIGS. 7 to 12.

7 to 12, the open-ended strip line 5 adjusts the microwave impedance at the first terminal 2 of the active three-terminal element 1. In FIGS. Further, the choke circuit 6 connected to the first terminal 2 prevents the oscillated microwave from leaking to the power supply terminal 16. Next, a strip line 7 is connected to the second terminal 3 of the active three-terminal element 1, and the oscillation output is taken out from this strip line via the DC blocking circuit 1o and the strip line 11 to the output terminal 17. There is.

Further, the choke circuit connected to the second terminal 3 prevents the oscillated microwave from leaking to the resistor 9. A resistor 9 is a bias resistor for the second terminal 3.

Next, a strip line 12 is connected to the third terminal 4 of the active three-terminal element 1, and this strip line 1
A dielectric resonator 13 is electromagnetically coupled to 2. This dielectric resonator 13 has a very high Q and is intended to stabilize the oscillation frequency. A termination circuit having the configuration shown in the sixth embodiment from the coffin 1 is connected to the terminal 30 of the strip line 12 to prevent parasitic oscillation other than oscillation due to the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator, and to prevent the active element from oscillating. This prevents the active elements from being destroyed due to excessive current flowing through them.

As described above, according to the seventh to twelfth embodiments, it is possible to realize a stable and highly reliable microwave oscillation circuit with a very simple configuration.

In the first to twelfth embodiments, the first open-ended strip line 15 has a wavelength λ9 of an oscillation frequency f0.
Although the strip line 16 with the open end has a rectangular shape with the length C, the strip line 16 may have an arbitrary length and shape depending on the mounting state of the first terminating resistor 14 and the like.

Furthermore, in the first to twelfth embodiments, the resistance values of the first and second terminating resistors 14 and 20 were set to be equal to the characteristic impedance of the strip line 15;
The resistance values of the first and second terminating resistors 14 and 20 do not need to exactly match the characteristic impedance of the strip line 15.

Also, 1st. 4th. In the seventh and tenth embodiments, the connection order of the capacitor 19 and the second terminating resistor 20 may be reversed.

Also, 1st. 4th. In the seventh and tenth embodiments, the capacitance value of the capacitor 19 can be arbitrarily designed depending on the oscillation frequency fo.

Further, in the second to sixth and eighth to twelfth embodiments, the number and shape of open-ended striplines connected to the thin stripline 22 and the positions where the open-ended striplines are connected to the thin stripline 22 are also explained. can be designed arbitrarily.

Also, 6th. 6th. In the eleventh and twelfth embodiments, the capacitance value of the capacitor 28 can be arbitrarily designed depending on the frequency of the reflected wave to be suppressed. .8 and 18 are arbitrary frequencies f0
It is sufficient to use a structure consisting of repeating thin strip lines and stubs having a length of 9% of the wavelength λ9, or a structure consisting of a choke coil and a capacitor.

Also, the second. Third. Fifth. 6th. 8th. 9th In the eleventh and twelfth embodiments, if the bias current of the active three-terminal element is not a problem, the resistance value of the resistor 27 or 29 may be set to the same value as the characteristic impedance of the strip line 15.

Further, in the seventh to twelfth embodiments, as the DC blocking circuit 1o, a thin strip line having a length equal to the wavelength of the oscillation frequency 10 configured in an interdigital type or a capacitor can be used.

Further, in the seventh to twelfth embodiments, an FET, a transistor, etc. can be used as the active three-terminal element, and when an FET is used as the active three-terminal element, the first terminal is the drain, and the second terminal is the drain. The second terminal can be used as a source, and the third terminal can be used as a gate.

In addition to the three-terminal element, a two-terminal element such as a diode can also be used as the active element serving as the oscillation source.

Effects of the Invention As described above, the present invention stabilizes the frequency with a dielectric resonator, and includes a first terminating resistor in a strip line terminating circuit that electromagnetically couples the dielectric resonator, and a first terminating resistor as described above. 1
a first open-ended strip line connected to a first terminal of the terminating resistor; and a first cross-cut circuit connected to the second terminal of the first terminating resistor; By providing a second terminating resistor and a capacitor connected in series between the first working circuit and the ground, and a first resistor connected in parallel to the second terminating resistor and the capacitor, It is possible to prevent parasitic oscillation other than oscillation due to the resonant frequency of the dielectric resonator, and also to prevent excessive current from flowing through the active element and destroying the active element.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 6 are block diagrams of stripline termination circuits for electromagnetically coupling dielectric resonators of microwave oscillation circuits according to first to sixth embodiments of the present invention, and FIGS. The figures are block diagrams of microwave oscillation circuits in seventh to twelfth embodiments of the present invention, and FIG. 13 is a block diagram of a conventional microwave oscillation circuit. 1... Active three-terminal element, 2... First terminal of the active three-terminal element, 3... Second terminal of the active three-terminal element, 4... ...The third terminal of the active three-terminal element, 5.1! . 23.24.25.28.31...ψopen-ended strip line, 6,8.18...cheek circuit, ? , 11.12... Strip line,
9,21゜27.29...Resistance, 10...
...DC blocking circuit, 13...Dielectric resonator, 14, 20...Terminal resistor, 16...
・Power terminal, 17... Pressure terminal, 19.28・
... Capacitor, 22 ... Thin strip line, 3o ... Terminal, 51 ... Field effect transistor, 62 ... Drain terminal,
53... Source terminal, 54... Gate terminal, 55.65... Strip line with open end, 56, 58, 67... Low pass filter , 57.62... Strip line, 59°e
8... Resistor, 60... Interdigital DC blocking circuit, 61... Load resistance, 63
......-Dielectric resonator, 64...Terminal resistor, 66...-Power terminal. Name of agent: Patent attorney Toshio Nakao and 1 other person + 4
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Claims (8)

[Claims] (1) A first terminating resistor is connected to a terminal circuit of a strip line that stabilizes the frequency using a dielectric resonator and couples the dielectric resonator to an electromagnetic field; a first open-end strip line connected to the first end, a first choke circuit connected to the second terminal of the first terminating resistor, and a first choke circuit connected in series between the first choke circuit and ground; a first terminal resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel to the second terminal resistor and the capacitor;
A microwave oscillation circuit characterized by using a circuit comprising a resistor. (2) A first terminating resistor is provided in a terminating circuit of a strip line that stabilizes the frequency with a dielectric resonator and electromagnetically couples the dielectric resonator, and a first terminating resistor is connected to a first terminal of the first terminating resistor. A first open-ended stripline to be connected, a thin stripline connected to the second terminal of the first terminating resistor, and at least two or more long striplines connected to any position of the thin stripline. A microwave oscillation circuit characterized by using a circuit comprising open-ended strip lines of different widths and a first resistor connected between the thin strip lines and ground. (3) A first terminating resistor is provided in a terminating circuit of a strip line that stabilizes the frequency with a dielectric resonator and couples the dielectric resonator with an electromagnetic field; A thin strip line connected to a first open-ended strip line and a second terminal of the first terminating resistor, a capacitor connected in series between the thin strip line and ground, and a second terminal connected to the thin strip line. a first resistor connected in parallel to the capacitor and the second terminal resistor; and at least two or more tips having different lengths connected to any position of the thin strip line. A microwave oscillation circuit characterized by using a circuit equipped with an open strip line. (4) A first terminating resistor is provided in a strip line terminating circuit that stabilizes the frequency with a dielectric resonator and electromagnetically couples the dielectric resonator; A first open-ended stripline to be connected, a thin stripline connected to a second terminal of the first terminating resistor, and a resistor and a capacitor connected in parallel between the thin stripline and ground. and a second open-end stripline connected to any position of the thin stripline. (5) A micro-microwave according to claim (4), characterized in that a termination circuit is used in which at least two open-ended striplines of different lengths are connected to arbitrary positions of a thin stripline. Wave oscillation circuit. (6) Claim No. 2 characterized in that a termination circuit is used in which two open-ended striplines of different lengths are connected to the same arbitrary position of a thin stripline.
), (3), or (5). (7) an active three-terminal element, another open-ended stripline connected to the first terminal of the active three-terminal element, and a second choke circuit connected to the second terminal of the active three-terminal element; a first stripline and a third choke circuit connected to the first stripline, a DC blocking circuit connected to the first stripline, a second stripline connected to the DC blocking circuit, and the third choke circuit. a second resistor connected between the circuit and ground; a third stripline connected to the third terminal of the active three-terminal element; and electromagnetically coupled to the third stripline. A dielectric resonator is provided in claim No.
Section 1), Section (2), Section (3), Section (4), Section (5)
) or the microwave oscillation circuit described in item (6). (8) Using a field effect transistor as an active three-terminal element,
a drain as a first terminal, a source as a second terminal,
The microwave oscillation circuit according to claim (7), characterized in that a gate is used as the third terminal.