JPH01258771A - 熱可塑性弗素樹脂より成る粉末被覆物の製造方法 - Google Patents

熱可塑性弗素樹脂より成る粉末被覆物の製造方法

Info

Publication number: JPH01258771A
Authority: JP; Japan
Prior art keywords: coating; thermoplastic; powder coating; thermoplastic fluororesin; topcoat
Prior art date: 1988-02-24
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Pending

Application number

JP4197689A

Other languages

English (en)

Japanese (ja)

Inventor

Gerhard Gebauer

ゲルハルト・ゲバウエル

Hans-Jurgen Dr Hendriock

ハンス‐ユルゲン・ヘンドリオック

Herbert Dr Fitz

ヘルベルト・フィッツ

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Hoechst AG

Original Assignee

Hoechst AG

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1988-02-24

Filing date

1989-02-23

Publication date

1989-10-16

1989-02-23 Application filed by Hoechst AG filed Critical Hoechst AG

1989-10-16 Publication of JPH01258771A publication Critical patent/JPH01258771A/ja

Status Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims description 20
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 3
229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 title description 3
239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 title description 3
NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title 1
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 claims description 14
238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 14
QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;sodium;phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QXJJQWWVWRCVQT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 9
239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 19
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
239000002987 primer (paints) Substances 0.000 abstract 8
239000005002 finish coating Substances 0.000 abstract 3
229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 20
BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 8
VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
-1 polychlorotrifluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
238000010128 melt processing Methods 0.000 description 3
230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 3
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
239000004446 fluoropolymer coating Substances 0.000 description 2
230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
229940098458 powder spray Drugs 0.000 description 2
235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
BZPCMSSQHRAJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-1-(1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,5-nonafluoropent-1-enoxy)pent-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)=C(F)OC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F BZPCMSSQHRAJCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
XYMIWSPIYJQJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 2-chloro-4-[chloro-[(2-chloro-2-oxo-1,3,2lambda5,4-dioxaphosphalumetan-4-yl)oxy]phosphoryl]oxy-1,3,2lambda5,4-dioxaphosphalumetane 2-oxide Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])([O-])Cl.[Al+3].P(=O)([O-])([O-])Cl.P(=O)([O-])([O-])Cl.[Al+3] XYMIWSPIYJQJGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(=C)C(F)(F)F QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
239000004962 Polyamide-imide Substances 0.000 description 1
239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
239000002318 adhesion promoter Substances 0.000 description 1
230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
150000002221 fluorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
229960002050 hydrofluoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920002312 polyamide-imide Polymers 0.000 description 1
239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920001955 polyphenylene ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920002620 polyvinyl fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
238000007751 thermal spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/56—Three layers or more
- B05D7/58—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/586—No clear coat specified each layer being cured, at least partially, separately
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
- B05D7/16—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies using synthetic lacquers or varnishes
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/50—Multilayers
- B05D7/52—Two layers
- B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
- B05D7/546—No clear coat specified each layer being cured, at least partially, separately
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
- B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
- B05D1/06—Applying particulate materials
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2451/00—Type of carrier, type of coating (Multilayers)
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2601/00—Inorganic fillers
- B05D2601/20—Inorganic fillers used for non-pigmentation effect
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D2601/00—Inorganic fillers
- B05D2601/20—Inorganic fillers used for non-pigmentation effect
- B05D2601/22—Silica
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0218—Pretreatment, e.g. heating the substrate
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
- B05D5/08—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface
- B05D5/083—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain an anti-friction or anti-adhesive surface involving the use of fluoropolymers

Landscapes

Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Paints Or Removers (AREA)

JP4197689A 1988-02-24 1989-02-23 熱可塑性弗素樹脂より成る粉末被覆物の製造方法 Pending JPH01258771A (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
DE19883805766 DE3805766A1 (de)	1988-02-24	1988-02-24	Verfahren zur herstellung von pulverbeschichtungen aus fluorthermoplasten
DE3805766.2		1988-02-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
JPH01258771A true JPH01258771A (ja)	1989-10-16

Family

ID=6348067

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
JP4197689A Pending JPH01258771A (ja)	1988-02-24	1989-02-23	熱可塑性弗素樹脂より成る粉末被覆物の製造方法

Country Status (3)

Country	Link
EP (1)	EP0330048A3 (fr)
JP (1)	JPH01258771A (fr)
DE (1)	DE3805766A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
JPH03181372A (ja) *	1989-12-11	1991-08-07	Sekisui Chem Co Ltd	金属体への粉体塗装方法
WO2004065504A1 (fr) *	2003-01-10	2004-08-05	Daikin Industries, Ltd.	Composition de poudre pulverulente, procede de formation de film de revetement et produit revetu

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
DE3941849A1 (de) *	1989-12-19	1991-06-20	Hoechst Ag	Verfahren zur pulverbeschichtung mit fluorthermoplasten
DE4011801A1 (de) *	1990-04-12	1991-10-17	Messer Griesheim Gmbh	Verfahren zum thermischen beschichten von oberflaechen mit einem fluorpolymeren
DE19641687A1 (de) *	1996-10-10	1998-04-16	Agfa Gevaert Ag	Bleichfixierbad für farbfotografisches Material
DE19941410B4 (de) *	1999-08-31	2011-05-05	STE Gesellschaft für Dichtungstechnik mbH	Beschichtung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE19964627B4 (de) *	1999-08-31	2012-08-02	STE Gesellschaft für Dichtungstechnik mbH	Dichtung und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE10159394A1 (de) *	2001-12-04	2003-06-12	Endress & Hauser Gmbh & Co Kg	Füllstandsmessgerät
PL2828418T3 (pl)	2012-03-21	2022-04-04	Swimc Llc	Dwupowłokowy jednoutwardzalny lakier proszkowy
US9751107B2 (en)	2012-03-21	2017-09-05	Valspar Sourcing, Inc.	Two-coat single cure powder coating

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US3365355A (en) *	1964-04-29	1968-01-23	Pennsalt Chemicals Corp	Tetrafluoroethylene polymer articles having one readily cementable surface containing glass particles

1988
- 1988-02-24 DE DE19883805766 patent/DE3805766A1/de not_active Withdrawn
1989
- 1989-02-14 EP EP19890102470 patent/EP0330048A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-02-23 JP JP4197689A patent/JPH01258771A/ja active Pending

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
JPH03181372A (ja) *	1989-12-11	1991-08-07	Sekisui Chem Co Ltd	金属体への粉体塗装方法
WO2004065504A1 (fr) *	2003-01-10	2004-08-05	Daikin Industries, Ltd.	Composition de poudre pulverulente, procede de formation de film de revetement et produit revetu

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
EP0330048A3 (fr)	1991-03-06
DE3805766A1 (de)	1989-09-07
EP0330048A2 (fr)	1989-08-30

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JP4952505B2 (ja)	2012-06-13	プライマー組成物
EP0675928B1 (fr)	1997-02-12	Composition de revetement pour substrats antiadhesifs
US3489595A (en)	1970-01-13	Coating compositions containing perfluorohalocarbon polymer,phosphoric acid and aluminum oxide,boron oxide or aluminum phosphate
EP0561987B1 (fr)	1995-07-19	Systeme de revetement non collant a ptfe de differentes viscosites a chaud permettant d'obtenir un gradient de concentration
US5168107A (en)	1992-12-01	Non-stick coating system with PTFE of two low melt viscosities for concentration gradient
US5972494A (en)	1999-10-26	Filled fluoropolymer composition for corrosion resistance
US6673416B1 (en)	2004-01-06	Polytetrafluoroethylene mold articles coated with fused fluoropolymer resin
US4999221A (en)	1991-03-12	Process for plastic coating, and coating produced by the process
WO2015111429A1 (fr)	2015-07-30	Article revêtu et procédé de formation de revêtement anti-corrosif
GB2051091A (en)	1981-01-14	Fluorocarbon Polymer Compositions and Method of Spray-coating
WO2013058140A1 (fr)	2013-04-25	Stratifié de résine fluorée et procédé de fabrication de celui-ci
JPH01258771A (ja)	1989-10-16	熱可塑性弗素樹脂より成る粉末被覆物の製造方法
JP4016987B2 (ja)	2007-12-05	含フッ素積層体、含フッ素積層体形成方法及び被覆物品
KR20010033429A (ko)	2001-04-25	두꺼운 코팅을 형성할 수 있는 플루오로수지 분말 분산액
US5232746A (en)	1993-08-03	Powder coating process employing fluorinated thermoplastics in admixture with potassium titanate fibers
JP4254536B2 (ja)	2009-04-15	含フッ素塗料組成物、塗膜及び塗装物
JP7765269B2 (ja)	2025-11-06	フッ素樹脂液体塗料組成物
JP2005288440A (ja)	2005-10-20	耐透過性ｅｔｆｅ組成物のコーテイング
JP4398043B2 (ja)	2010-01-13	フッ素樹脂塗膜を有する物品及びその製造方法
JP3982498B2 (ja)	2007-09-26	Ｅｔｆｅライニング部材
JPWO2004065504A1 (ja)	2006-05-18	粉体塗料、塗膜形成方法及び積層体
JP2003053261A (ja)	2003-02-25	フッ素樹脂塗膜製造方法、フッ素樹脂塗膜及び加工物品
JPS5944912B2 (ja)	1984-11-01	フツ素樹脂被覆方法
JP2003183565A (ja)	2003-07-03	含フッ素プライマー組成物
JPH0312268A (ja)	1991-01-21	フツ素樹脂被覆方法

JPH01258771A - 熱可塑性弗素樹脂より成る粉末被覆物の製造方法 - Google Patents

Info

Links

Classifications

Landscapes

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=6348067

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (2)

Families Citing this family (8)

Family Cites Families (1)

Cited By (2)

Also Published As

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