JPH02149271A - 骨関節を結合するためのｖねじ結合バスケツト - Google Patents

骨関節を結合するためのｖねじ結合バスケツト

Info

Publication number
JPH02149271A
JPH02149271A JP1268847A JP26884789A JPH02149271A JP H02149271 A JPH02149271 A JP H02149271A JP 1268847 A JP1268847 A JP 1268847A JP 26884789 A JP26884789 A JP 26884789A JP H02149271 A JPH02149271 A JP H02149271A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
basket
hole
thread
bone
screw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP1268847A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JP2551670B2 (ja
Inventor
Charles D Ray
チャールズ　ディー．レイ
Eugene A Dickhudt
ユージン　エイ．ディックハット
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cedar Surgical Inc
Original Assignee
Cedar Surgical Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cedar Surgical Inc filed Critical Cedar Surgical Inc
Publication of JPH02149271A publication Critical patent/JPH02149271A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2551670B2 publication Critical patent/JP2551670B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/16—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1662—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body
    • A61B17/1671—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for particular parts of the body for the spine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
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    • A61B17/16—Instruments for performing osteoclasis; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1637—Hollow drills or saws producing a curved cut, e.g. cylindrical
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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    • A61F2/30744—End caps, e.g. for closing an endoprosthetic cavity
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/446—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages having a circular or elliptical cross-section substantially parallel to the axis of the spine, e.g. cylinders or frustocones
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    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws or setting implements
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    • A61F2002/30405—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by screwing complementary threads machined on the parts themselves
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    • A61F2002/4627—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof with relative movement between parts of the instrument during use with linear motion along or rotating motion about the instrument axis or the implantation direction, e.g. telescopic, along a guiding rod, screwing inside the instrument
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    • A61F2230/0091—Three-dimensional shapes helically-coiled or spirally-coiled, i.e. having a 2-D spiral cross-section

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Display Racks (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は骨関節、特にを椎の隣接する椎骨の如き二つの
隣接骨構造を結合（るための方法および装置に関する。
（従来の技術） 負傷、疾病または他の変性障害が生じれば、円板すなわ
ち椎骨間の靭帯クツシコンには有痛性の退化が生じる。
円板は収縮すると共に平板化し、かつ椎骨休部間の距離
は異状に収縮し始める。続いて漸進的な退化によって機
械的不安定が生じ、これは隣接する椎骨の間に疼痛を伴
う転イ◇を発生させる。この運動に起因する疼痛は多く
の場合体力を消耗せしめ、分節運動を行い得ないように
１−る。転移を停止せしめかつ疼痛を無くするには現在
のところ固定結合以外の手段はない。
−膜内に考えられていることは、可動部分を一体化する
固形質を得るための効果的な結合には、骨を連続的に生
長させる必要があると言うことである。これ以外の方法
では結合による疼痛の軽減、椎骨間の高さの維持および
分節の不動化の目的は達成し得ない。結合骨を最初移植
した時には、この骨は軟らかくかつ移動し易く、凝集力
を有していない。したがって普通のを椎の活動状態およ
び日常のストレス下において、分節を静かに保持せんと
する種々の手段が提案されている。たとえば分節の間に
移植前材料を置き、該材料の外表面を部分的に除去し、
または深く江刺してこの受容体の側に対する移植片の内
生長を促進させることが行われる。このように位置決め
された骨移植片は分節を徐々に結合する。しかしながら
このような手段は分節の不動性を恒久的に維持すること
を意味するものではない。このためには骨の内生長が必
要である。
唯一の安定器とじ−（このような装置に依存することは
、骨と装置との間の機械的間隙または転位に起因して骨
と、これに隣接゛する結合組織として構造的欠陥を発生
させるから結局は失敗に終る。
このような欠陥は骨の破損、消失および吸収、さらには
潜在的な虚脱として現れる。４【お疼痛も次第に耐え難
いものとなる。
米国病院協会の報告によれば、１９８７４において行わ
れた腰椎結合の実積ははぼ１ｂＯ，０００件となってい
る。椎間結合に対しては多くの方法がある。最も効果で
あったされるものの成功率はあらゆる場合を通じてほぼ
９０％に達Ｊる。しかしながらこのような技術のあるも
の、特に複頌な装置を必要とするものはこれを使いこな
すことは困難であり、対象とする骨の近くに位置する神
経および血管組織にとっては危険である。
生体力学的見地から言えば、椎骨結合の最も適切な位置
は椎骨間の機械的回転中心にある。この中心点は円板空
隙内に位置している。したがって両受体結合は最も正確
を要し、Ｌ、　ｔ＝がってまた外科医の間で最も望まし
いとされている方法によらねばならぬ。しかしながら現
在ｔｉわれτいる両受体結合は、すべての椎骨結合法の
中で最も危険であるとされているものである。
両受体結合には前部（開腹）および後部手術方式の両方
が使用される。典型的には両受体の内側に切出された空
洞、すなわち円板間空隙の中に、骨によって形成された
プラグ、ドエル（柄）またはセグメントを堅く挿入する
ことが行われる。結合を行う時には骨と骨とが架橋され
ねばならぬから、接続組織および円板組織を除去りる必
要がある。したがつ（骨の中に形成する深い切込みが軟
かい格子状構造部分に達し、空隙を通って発生する骨の
生長を促進するようにせねばならぬ。
ここ数年間に刊行された整形外科および神経外科に関す
る文献には、円形骨移植片を使用する両受体結合が報告
されている。１９６４年刊行、臨床整形外科″、第３５
巻、６９−７９頁のＢ、Ｒ，１４ｉｌｔｂｅｒｇｅｒの
論文には、隣接する椎骨の間の比較的小さな孔の中に、
後方から骨のドエルを堅く挿入する椎間体結合法のいく
つかが記載されている。このような方法はドエルに裂開
、亀裂または虚脱を発住させるおそれがある。なお骨は
張力を受けて裂開する危険があり、かつドエルによって
圧縮され、前には開いていた孔または血管通路に虚脱が
生じるために骨の生長が普通のように起こらないように
なることがある。かくの如き状態が生じれば、周囲の骨
の吸収が遅れ、がっド１ルが弛んで押出されると言う新
たな危険が発生する。
なおシンシナチの神経外科組合から発行されている２頁
のパンフレット、″簡単になった後方腰椎両受体結合°
′には、骨のドエルを挿入した後、とげ状突起の周囲を
５＃Ｉ＃ｌのダクロンによって縫合する″ことが記載さ
れている。
米国特許第４．５０１．２６９号（Ｂａｇｂｖ）は馬の
頚椎骨を安定させるための外科処置に関するものであり
、この処置は、人間または動物との関節であって、相対
する隣接管面によって形成され、かつ介在する軟骨によ
って被覆されると共に分離され、さらに関節の拡張に対
抗する靭帯によって囲繞されているような関節に使用し
得ることが記載されている。このような関節の特例とし
ては隣接する椎骨のを椎関節または課関節がある。この
方法は関節を速やかに安定化し、さらに最終的な骨と骨
との結合を促進するために開発されたものである。移植
される組織は有孔円筒形骨バスケットの形をなし、関節
を形成する時に発生する骨の破片を満たし得るようにな
っている。前記前の破片は内生的の組織となり、バスケ
ットの内部およびその周囲における冑の生長を促進する
。
前記の方法は外科的に関節に接近し、かつ隣接する骨表
面の間に位置する介在軟骨を除去する第１段階を有して
いる。次の段階においては隣接骨表面を横切って横方向
の円筒形孔が開けられる。
この円筒形孔の中に、堅い有孔円筒壁を有する中空バス
ケット、寸なわちその外径が前記円筒形孔より直径のわ
ずかに大なるバスケットを挿入することににって直ちに
安定化が得られる。このバスゲットを移植することによ
って骨表面は、周囲靭帯によって与えられる関節拡張抵
抗に逆って拡開される（第２欄、２６’−５５行）。
Ｖｉｃｈ、　Ｊ、Ｎｅｕｒｏｓｕｒｇ　、第６３巻、７
５０−７５３頁（１９８３）には、在来の方法を使用し
、円筒形骨移植片を外科的に移植することによって頚椎
骨を結合する手段が記載されＣいる。移植片には予め滅
菌した小さなダイスによってねじ山が形成される。ねじ
の溝は必要なだけ深くすることができる。！１椎骨体部
はクロワーズ払によって調製される。ドリルにより適当
な椎間体部に円筒形ベツドを形成した後、特にこの目的
のために開発された工具により移植片を定位置にねじ込
む（７５０貢）。第２図はねじ付きの移植ドエルが平ら
なドエルに比して接触面積が大であり、したがって圧力
および滑動に対する抵抗が大であることを表している。
椎間結合の追加的な望ましい効果は正規の椎骨間隔が再
生されまたは維持されることである。結合材料または装
置を挿入する過程においては正規の椎骨間隔を全体的に
または部分的に回復させるには、舊通拡張装置が必要と
される。普通に使用され後方接近法によって前記の方法
を行う時には、普通椎骨に装着される種々の後方骨部材
、たとえば背側とげ状突起または薄膜の如き部材の間に
種種の拡張部材が挿入される。このような拡張部材を使
用した時には円板空隙に前方傾斜または模作用が生じ、
これによって該空隙の後方状態は前方より開きが大とな
る。任意の形の骨移植片を、模作用によって後方の、よ
り多く開かれた二つの相対する可動椎骨間の空洞に挿入
寸れば、手術後回復期において、相対する椎骨の前後運
動に起因して移植片の後方突進の生じる傾向が大となる
。したがって移植片の追出しを防止するためには、前記
空洞が平行性を維持しまたはその最後方部分がわずかに
狭くなるようにすることが望ましい。このようにすれば
空洞の前面に強い靭帯の円板輪が残り、かつ移植片が前
方に向って腹膜後方の空隙に移動するのが阻止される。
ざらに結合部が生長すれば元のを椎前方弯曲が回復する
ことが大切であり、これには空洞および両受体結合部材
が、を椎の正規の解剖学的位置を促進するように、すな
わち何れの方向にも空隙の模作用を発生させないにうに
位置決めされることが要求される。
（発明が解決しようとする課題） 本発明の目的は前記の如ぎ従来技術に伴う種々の欠点を
除去することである。
（課題を解決するための手段） 本発明によれば結合バスケットまたはケージにして、Ｂ
ａｇｂｙの結合バスケットの如き孔開けされた円筒であ
り、二つの椎骨の如き隣接する骨組織の中に形成された
孔の中に外科的に挿入し得る結合バスケットが得られる
。この結合バスケットは挿入された後、これに骨の破片
または骨生成物質が詰められ、生きた骨の内生長が促が
されるようになっている。本発明の結合バスケットがＢ
ａｇｂｙの結合バスケットと異なる点は、実質的に連続
するＶねじを有し、前記孔の中に相手の緬ねじを形成し
てこの中にねじ込むようになっていることである。ねじ
を組合わせることによって結合バスケットは定位置に確
実に装着され、受容体となる骨に裂曲または肚縮による
萎縮を発生させるおそれがなくなる。終局的にはねじの
谷部分に設けられた孔を通って骨の内生長が起こり、こ
れによって二つの骨組織の間に恒久的な結合が生じる。
■ねじを使用することの意味は、このねじの頂部は鋭角
をなしているが、その谷は鈍角をなし、すなわち丸味が
付され、相手雌ねじの補合頂部が適当な強疫を持ち得る
ようになすことである。■ねじの頂角をほぼ６０度とし
た時の谷の隅に対する好適な半径は０．３５−０．７５
ｍである。■ねじの頂角は９０度を越えないようにすべ
きである。その理由はこの角度が鋭い時にはじめて移植
片に対する骨の接触面が増加し、したがって内生長の機
会も増加するからである。しかしながら頂角を小ざくす
ればピッチが不当に小となるから、この角度は少なくと
も４５度とすべきである。不当に小さなピッチは骨の雌
ねじを弱くし、場合によってはねじが交差するようにな
る。
前記孔は結合バスケットの構造強度が適当である限りは
できるだけ大きくすべきである。結合バスケットの面を
円筒の内面に投射した時、投射される孔は投射面積の３
０−６０％、なるべくはほぼ５０％となるようにすべき
である。８孔の大きさは軸線方向においても横方向にお
いても少なくとも１ｍとし、生の骨の内生長が１合良く
行われるようにすべきであり、■ねじの頂角がほぼ６０
度である時に、孔の寸法が実質的に軸線方向において２
絨、横方向において３Ｍを越えれば、結合バスケットは
不当に弱くなる。
この新規な結合バスケットにはなるべくは端部キャップ
が嵌込まれ、該キャップの一つは結合バスケットが受容
体としての骨の中にねじ込まれる前に定位置に置かれ、
したがってこのキャップの最大直径は結合バスケットの
■ねじの小直径を越えないようにすべきである。この第
１端部キャップは骨生成物質を結合バスケットに詰めた
時にこれを保持するためのものである。次に結合バスケ
ットの開放端が第２端部キャップによって閉鎖され、骨
の破片が定位置に確実に保持されるようにする。これら
端部キャップは孔開りすることができるが、なるべくは
結合バスケットの孔と実質的に同様なものどされ、骨ま
たは他の組織が端部キャップを通って内生長を行い得る
ようにされる。
しかしながら端部キャップは絶対的に必鮫なものではな
く、もし使用する時には結合バスケット自体には必要と
しないまでも、この端部キャップは生物分解性のある材
料によって形成される。
現在における新規な結合バスケットは移植可能性のある
ステンレス鋼によって形成することが望ましい。チタン
およびセラミックも有用であり、同様に超高力量合体ま
たはその合成物および超高密度ポリ１チレン、ガラスま
たは黒鉛の如き高力繊維も使用することができる。非金
属合成物はひずみを発生させることなくＸ線または磁気
線を透す性能があり、したがって金属性の結合バスケッ
トに比して像走査の可能性を高める。この結合バスラッ
トは、骨の内生長が完了した時は不要となるから、生物
分解性を有するものとなすことができる。結合バスケッ
トが生物分解性を有するものでなければ、内生長が行わ
れた後においても、在来堅い結合を促進するために使用
されていた多くの型の金属製支持体または装置が除去の
必要があったのとは異なり、恒久的にその位置にとどま
るようになすことができる。
有用な骨生成物質としては骨の破片と、骨形前学的蛋白
、骨生長要素または軟骨賦活要素の如き前置活物質を含
む、あるいは含まない骨代替物質または合成材料とがあ
る。骨生長物質と混合する代りに新規な結合バスケット
を、たとえばワックス内においてマイクロカプセル化し
た後に前置活物質によって被覆するようになすことがで
きる。
結合バスケットを有機材料によって形成する時には、こ
れを結合バスケットに形成する前に前置活物質が添加さ
れる。
患者の１背部の椎骨の間に移植を行う時には、寸法の異
なる二つの新結合バスケット、すなわちその一つは外径
が１６ｍｍのＶねじを有し、他のものは外径が１２閾の
■ねじを有するバスケットで足りる。典型的な下方腰椎
の前後寸法はほぼ３０閣であるから、結合バスケットの
長さはなるべくは２５１ｍを越えないようにされるが、
少なくともこの長さは２０ｍとし、該バスケットを対と
して移植した時に、十分な接触が生じると共に、適当な
プラットホームが形成されるようにする。
この新規な結合バスケットの■ねじの頂部はなるべくは
連続するものとし、ねじ孔に挿入する時の強度を高める
と共に、ねじ込みを容易にするようになっている。■ね
じは１　ｃｍ当りの巻回数を３８とすることが望ましい
。巻回比が小なる時は、ねじの深さが不当に大となり、
格子状構造の骨の中に深く入り過ぎるようになる。巻回
比を大とすれば孔の刈払が不当に制限されるようになる
。
この新規なＶねじ結合バスケットは次の方法により、隣
接骨組織を結合する１＝めに移植することができる。（
ａ）前記骨組織の中に、その格子状構造部分に達する雌
ねじを有する孔を形成し、（ｂ）剛直な円筒形バスケッ
トにして、前記雌ねじと組合せ得る、実質的に連続した
、雄の■ねじを有するバスケットを形成し、（ｃ）該バ
スケットを前記ねじ孔にねじ込み、かつ（ｄ）このバス
ケットに骨生成物が詰まるようにする。段階（ａ）にお
いて形成すべき孔が隣接椎骨の間を延びるようになす時
は、前記段階（ａ）の行われる前に、椎骨を拡開する追
加段階を設け、該椎骨がその平行藺係を維持し、結合バ
スケットが円板空隙の相対する側に対として移植される
ようになすことが望ましい。
新規なる結合バスケットは受容体としての骨とはぼ等し
い弾性係数を有するものとすべぎで、したがって該バス
ケットはその長さに沿って撓曲することができ、その結
果移植片と受容体である肴との間の骨界向におけるスト
レスを最小となすことができる。実質的に弾性係数の低
い結合バスク゛ットは同じ好適な結果を与えるがその構
造的な強さは適当であるとは言えない。
■ねじ結合バスケットを挿入すべき孔は、ゆっくりした
速度で手によるねじ立てを行い、骨の焦損を阻止する。
これによって骨の孔の縁は新しくなり、孔を形成するた
めの穿孔を行う時に骨が焦損したとしても、手によって
この部分をゆっくり切除することができる。ねじ立てに
よる方法は、外科医が処置の進行度合を感知し得るから
非常に安全である。
■ねじ結合バスケットはなるべくは手によってねじ孔に
ねじ込むことが望ましく、この場合も外科医は抵抗が大
き過ぎないかどうか、孔のねじ切りを再び行う必要がな
いかどうかを感知することができる。これと反対に骨の
ドエルは典型的にはハンマを使用して孔の中に打込まれ
、かつ嵌合が強過ぎるようになるのを防止するために、
外科医はハンマの打撃音に耳を傾りて抵抗の度合を監視
する。
隣接椎骨の間に骨の内生長を起こさせるためにこの新規
な結合バスケットを使用する時には、円板空隙の相対す
る側に結合バスケットが対として移植されるようにすべ
きである。各結合バスケットはそのＶねじによって定位
置に保持され、すなわちこの■ねじは、装置される椎骨
体の、格子状構造を有する骨の中に貫通した雌ねじに喰
込む。
重力、節用張力および拡張された（または伸張された）
外方円板輪の弾性反跳は共に各結合バスケットに力を加
える。したがってこれら結合バスケットは隣接椎骨の間
で斤縮力により定位置に保持される。
たとえば患者が前方に身体を曲げた時に、混乱力によっ
て結合バスケットが外れ、それによって隣接椎骨の後縁
が分ｍするのを阻止するために、背部突起を相互に結紮
しまたは被覆することができる。他の技術としては適当
な刻面ジャケットに通したねじによって撓曲および伸長
運動の双方を制限するようになすことができる。
孔を形成した後、新規なコ、具によってねじ立てする時
に、隣接椎骨間の好適な平行姿勢を維持するためにはさ
みジヤツキの形をした新規な両受体拡張装置が開発され
ている。新規な結合バスケットを移植するために開発さ
れている他の装置は受容体たる骨の孔の中にねじを形成
するためのねじ立て器である。この新規なねじ立て鼎は
中空の円筒形軸にして、その一端に位置するハンドルと
、他端に形成された雄ねじとを有し、このねじに刃を形
成する少なくとも一つの扇形切欠きの設けられた軸と、
前記孔に摺動自在に嵌合する案内棒にして、前記中空軸
の他端を越えて突出し、かつ中空軸内の扇形切欠きと連
通して、前記刃によって除去された破片に対する貯蔵容
器となる中央凹所を有し、したがってこの案内棒を中空
軸から除去することによって前記破片を除去し得るよう
になった案内棒とよりなっている。
前記中空軸の他端を越えて突出する案内棒の部分にはな
るべくはねじが切られ、前記破片を上方に向って貯蔵容
器の方に搬送するようになっている。
側受体結合を行うに必要な雌ねじを形成するために新規
なねじ立て器を使用する時には、゛前記中空軸は奇数の
、なるべくは３個の扇形切欠きおよび刃を有するものど
１べきである。その理由は奇数を採用することにより、
偶数の場合よりも孔の両側における受容体たる骨の除去
蹟を等しくなし得るからである。
新規なねじ立て器および新規なレンチは共に図面に示さ
れており、なおこの図面には本発明による■ねじ結合バ
スケットが＝つ示されている。
次に添付図面により本発明の好適な実施例を説明する。
（実施例） 第１図の結合バスケット１０は密実な鋼の円筒に、均一
に隔置された８個の小さな孔１１を軸線方向に穿孔する
ことによって形成されたもので、合孔は円筒の軸線と同
心をなす円の上に中心を有している。次に軸線を中心と
して大きな孔を明（」、この孔は前述の円と実質的に同
じ大きさの半径を有している。次いでこの円筒の外面に
Ｖねじ１２を切ればこの而に孔１３が開き、該孔はＶね
じの丸味を有する谷１４と小孔１１との各交点において
この谷を通って延びる。続いて結合バスケットの内面に
ねじ山１５を形成し、塩振りかけ容器に類似した孔１８
を有するキャップ１６を螺合せしめ得るようにする。ス
ナップ式のキャップも使用することができる。
前節で説明したような技術によって結合バスケットを形
成する場合には、前記小さな孔１１を相互に交差するよ
うに大きく開け、中央孔の穿孔を不必要とするようにな
すことができる。小さな孔をこのように拡大すれば孔１
３は大となる。
第２図の場合は１組の結合バスケットは連続的に押出し
成形し得る矩形断面の複数の棒２２を、それぞれマンド
レル２４０表面に切られた８個のキー溝２３に挿入する
ことによって形成することができる。同時に三角形断面
の棒２６を押出し、前記矩形棒２２の周囲に螺旋状に巻
回し、かつ各交差点において各矩形棒２２にはんだ付（
′Ｊまたは溶接し、雄のＶねじを形成する。キー溝から
外した後、でき上った体部を別個の結合バスケットとし
て切離せば、各結合バスケットはＶねじ形成棒２６の隣
接巻回の間に孔２８を有するものとなり、該棒２６は隣
接矩形棒２２の間の隙間を架橋する。
第２図に示されたものと似た結合バスケットは中空円筒
に雄のＶねじを切り、かつブローチによって複数の内方
矩形キー溝を切ることにより形成することができる。
第１図および第２図に示した各結合バスケットはモデル
を使用し、ロストワックス法によっても形成することが
できる。
第３図に示されたねじ立て器３０は一端に丁字形ハンド
ル３２を備えた中空円筒形の軸３１と、イＩ！！端に形
成された雄ねじ３３とを有している。この中空軸の中に
は案内棒３４が摺動自在に受入れられ、該案内棒の一端
３５は中空軸３１を越えて声出し、かつ受容体たる骨に
穿孔された孔の中に摺動自在に嵌合される。案内棒の他
端にはローレット付きキャップ３５Ａが設けられている
。中空軸３１のねじ付き端部からは刃３６が突出し、こ
の刃は前記孔を中空軸３１の雄ねじ３３の小直径まで拡
げる。中空軸のねじ付き端部にはなお３個の対称的な扇
形切欠き３７（１つだ１〕を示す）が形成され、雄ねじ
３３の先導縁に刃３８を形成するようになっており、こ
の刃は中空軸を同転した時に骨の中に雌の骨ねじを形成
する。
ねじ立て器３０によって形成された破片は扇形切欠き３
７を通して、案内棒３４内の中央凹湧３９よりなる貯蔵
容器に集積される。凹所３９から孔の中に延びる案内棒
の端部３５は雄ねじを有し、該ねじはねじ付き案内棒３
４が回転した時に、破片を上方に搬送し、扇形切欠きを
通して貯蔵容器に集積せしめるようになっている。
中空軸３１が回転して骨の中に雌の骨ねじが形成される
ようになれば、外科医は貯蔵容器が一杯になった時の背
圧の増加を感じるからローレット付きキャップ３５Ａを
把持して案内棒を引出し、これを清掃すべぎである。も
し破片のゴム状性質によって案内棒を中空軸から容易に
引出し得ないようになった時に１１０−レット付きキャ
ップ３５Ａを取外し、それによって案内棒を定位置に残
したままで中空軸３１をねじ付き孔から釈放するように
なすことができる。孔が完全にねじ立てされていない場
合には、案内棒が案内として働くから、ねじ立てを完全
にするように中空軸を再び挿入する必要がある。
第４図に示されＩＣレンチ４０は円筒形の軸４１を有し
、該軸の一端には［字形ハンドル４２が設けられ、かつ
他端にはへ角形の突起４４が設けられている。この突起
４４の隅角は結合バスケット内の凹所の中に嵌合し、レ
ンチを回転させることによって結合バスケットを回転せ
しめ得るようになっている。ばね負荷されたボール４６
は、突起が結合バスケット内に挿入された時に、この突
起を摩擦的に定位置に保持する。
結合バスケットの移植Ｗ４接する椎骨の間にこの新規な
結合バスケットを移植するには先ず椎骨間の空隙から軟
らかなコラーゲン円＆Ｕ料を除去する。両側を覆う薄膜
の中に小さな窓を形成する、すなわち標準の椎弓切開を
行う。神経組織、硬膜溝および神経は内側に引込める。
椎間空隙からは標準の外科処置によって円板材料をきれ
いに除去する。もし円板空隙が変性に起因して狭くなっ
てβれば、はさみジヤツキ型の椎間拡張器または液圧膨
張嚢を円板空隙内の片Ｉｌｌ　（第１の側）に挿入し、
該空隙を正規の大きさとなるまで開く。これは側位Ｘ線
によって確認する。円板空隙の高さをＸ線によって測定
し、それによってドリル、タップおよび結合バスケット
の適当な寸法を選択する。
次に同じ円板空隙の反対側（第２の側）を処理する。第
１の側の神経組織を弛緩せしめ、これを第２の側の内側
に引込める。案内ドリル（円板空隙の高さにもよるが、
たとえば５＃ＩＩＮまたは８　＝　）によって各椎骨の
面に小さな溝を形成し、円板空隙にほぼ２５ｍｍ深さま
でドリルを通す（標準の円板空隙においては深さはほぼ
３０　ｗｒ　、広さはほぼ５０　ｍｍ　＞。ドリルには
ドリルストッパを設は孔の開は過ぎを阻止するようにな
っている。次に密実な案内棒を案内孔の中に挿入し、か
つその上に案内カッター（７騙または１０Ｍ）を通し、
これを下向きに動かして案内溝を拡げ、第３図に示した
ねし立て器３０の案内棒３５を摺動自在に受入れるよう
にする。切出しねじ３３（大直径は１２ｍ１１または１
６Ｍ）によって相対する椎骨端板と、新しい骨の内生長
を促す両方の格子状構造部分として骨雌ねじを切る。
本発明のＶねじ結合バスケットを、一つの端部キャップ
が定位置にあるようにして第４図のレンチ４０に弾入し
、このレンチを介し手によって前記ねじの切られた円板
内孔の中に、その深さ一杯となるまでねじ込む。レンチ
を外せばバスケットには骨片または他の骨生成物質が詰
まり、この時第２キヤツプを装着して前記骨片が定位置
に確実に保持されるようにする。
椎骨拡張器を取外した後、第２の側の硬膜および神経を
弛緩せしめ、再び第１の側と１１様に注意して同じ手賄
で孔開けおよびねじ立てを行い、第２結合バスケットを
受入れるようにする。
数週間が経過すれば椎骨体から結合バスケット内の孔を
通って骨が生長し、該バスケット内の骨生成物質と結合
し、密実な結合部分を形成Ｊるようになる。
この新規な結合バスケットは主として後方切開によって
を椎に接近する時に移植されるが、前方切開接近特に頚
部椎骨の場合に対しても使用することができる。
例　　　　１ 第１Ｍの結合バスケットを、外科的に移植し得るステン
レス鋼から次の寸法を右するように機械加工によって製
作した、 開始円筒の直径　　　　　　　１６１ＩＩＩ＋１円筒の
長さ　　　　　　　　　２５悶 各小孔１１の直径　　　　　　　３ｍ 孔１１を心決めする円の直径　１１．５ｍｍ中央孔の直
径　　　　　　　　１１１ＩａＶねじ１２のピッチ　　
　　　　２．５緬／巻回ねじ１２の山の角度　　　　　
６０度 ねじ１２の谷の根元半径　　　　０．４ｍ孔１３の軸線
方向の幅　　　　　１．６Ｍ孔１３０円周方向の幅　　
　　　２．８＃Ｆ円筒の内部に投射した時の 孔面積の百分率　　　　　　　２５％ 第２図に示されたものと外観の似た■ねし結合バスケッ
トは中空の円筒形管から作ることができる。雄ねじを切
った後、ブローチ削りによって内面に複数の矩形キー溝
を形成し、ねじの谷を通る孔が形成されるようにする。
新規な結合バスケットを連続的に製作する技術において
は、先ず第２図に示された棒２６の如き三角形の棒から
連続螺旋ばねを形成し、次にこのばねの内向き面を複数
の円筒形針金に溶接またははんだ付番プし、各棒がばね
の軸線と平行に延びるようにする。
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図は本発明の第１Ｖねじ結合バスケットおよび二つ
の有孔端部キャップの展開等角図、第２図は本発明によ
る１組の第２Ｖねし結合バスケラトを形成するために切
断し得る体部を示す等角図、第３図は■ねじ結合バスケ
ットを挿入すべき孔の中に雌ねじを切るためのタップの
等角図で、構造の詳細を示すために１部分を切除したも
のであり、第４図はＶねじ結合バスケットをねじイ４き
孔内にねじ込むレンチの等角図である。

Claims (15)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. （１）中空の孔開けされた剛直な円筒よりなる結合バス
    ケツトにして、二つの隣接する骨構造の中に形成された
    孔の中に外科的に挿入することができ、前記円筒の中に
    骨の破片が満たされかつ詰込まれ、それによつて生きた
    骨の内生長が促されるようになつている結合バスケツト
    において、（ａ）実質的に連続する雄のＶねじを有し、
    このねじによつて孔の中に形成された相手の雌ねじの中
    にねじ込むことができ、（ｂ）前記ねじの隣接する巻回
    間の谷に孔が開けられていることを特徴とする結合バス
    ケツト。
  2. （２）Ｖねじが連結しており、かつ該Ｖねじの頂部にお
    ける角度が９０度以下、しかも４５度以下とならぬよう
    にされている請求項１記載の結合バスケツト。
  3. （３）Ｖねじの頂部における角度がほぼ６０度である請
    求項２記載の結合バスケツト。
  4. （４）Ｖねじが１ｃｍ当り３−８巻回を有している請求
    項２記載の結合バスケツト。
  5. （５）Ｖねじの谷が隅を有し、該隅の半径が０．３５−
    ０．７５ｍｍである請求項２記載の結合バスケツト。
  6. （６）結合バスケツトの表面を円筒の内面に投射した時
    に、前記孔が投射された面積の３０−６０％を占めるよ
    うになつている請求項１記載の結合バスケツト。
  7. （７）取外し自在の有孔端部キヤツプを嵌込むようにな
    つている請求項１記載の結合バスケツト。
  8. （８）結合バスケツトの大直径が１２−１６ｍｍである
    請求項１記載の結合バスケツト。
  9. （９）移植可能な品質を有するステンレス鋼によつて形
    成された請求項１記載の結合バスケツト。
  10. （１０）無害な物質となり得る材料によつて形成される
    請求項１記載の結合バスケツト。
  11. （１１）結合バスケツトがＸ線透過材料によつて作られ
    ている請求項１記載の結合バスケツト。
  12. （１２）隣接する骨構造を結合する外科的方法において
    、（ａ）前記骨構造の間に横方向の孔にして、該骨構造
    の格子状構造部分に貫通する雌ねじを有する孔を形成す
    る段階と、（ｂ）剛直な中空円筒形結合バスケツトを、
    実質的に連続する雄ねじを有するように形成し、該ねじ
    が前記雌ねじに適合すると共に、前記ねじの隣接する巻
    回の間の谷に孔が開けられるようにする段階と、（ｃ）
    バスケツトを前記ねじの切られた孔の中にねじ込む段階
    と、（ｄ）バスケツトに骨生成物質を詰める段階とを有
    している方法。
  13. （１３）前記骨構造内の孔が隣接する椎骨の間を延び、
    かつ段階（ａ）を行う前に椎骨を拡張する追加段階が行
    われるようになつている請求項１２記載の方法。
  14. （１４）ねじ付きの孔を形成し、かつ円板空隙の相対す
    る側に結合バスケツトを対として移植するようになつて
    いる請求項１３記載の方法。
  15. （１５）前記雌ねじが段階（ａ）において手回しねじ立
    て器によつて形成される請求項１４記載の方法。
JP1268847A 1988-10-17 1989-10-16 骨関節を結合するためのｖねじ結合バスケツト Expired - Lifetime JP2551670B2 (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US07259031 US4961740B1 (en) 1988-10-17 1988-10-17 V-thread fusion cage and method of fusing a bone joint
US259031 1988-10-17
US07/432,088 US5026373A (en) 1988-10-17 1989-11-06 Surgical method and apparatus for fusing adjacent bone structures

Publications (2)

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JPH02149271A true JPH02149271A (ja) 1990-06-07
JP2551670B2 JP2551670B2 (ja) 1996-11-06

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JP51433390A Expired - Lifetime JP3153235B2 (ja) 1988-10-17 1990-09-18 隣接する骨質構造体を融着する装置

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EP (2) EP0369603B1 (ja)
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JPH0690973A (ja) * 1992-09-14 1994-04-05 Yoshio Takatori 骨内固定体
JPH08506501A (ja) * 1993-02-10 1996-07-16 スパイン−テック インク 脊椎固定手術用ツールキット
US6129763A (en) * 1996-09-13 2000-10-10 Chauvin; Jean-Luc Expandable osteosynthesis cage
JP2015533323A (ja) * 2012-11-05 2015-11-24 デ ラヴィーニュ サント シュザンヌ クリストフ 骨片または移植片を骨に固定するための骨内埋込みねじおよびその骨内埋込みねじの製造方法
US9314348B2 (en) 2014-06-04 2016-04-19 Wenzel Spine, Inc. Bilaterally expanding intervertebral body fusion device
US10034690B2 (en) 2014-12-09 2018-07-31 John A. Heflin Spine alignment system
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US6770074B2 (en) 1988-06-13 2004-08-03 Gary Karlin Michelson Apparatus for use in inserting spinal implants
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US6120502A (en) * 1988-06-13 2000-09-19 Michelson; Gary Karlin Apparatus and method for the delivery of electrical current for interbody spinal arthrodesis
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JP2551670B2 (ja) 1996-11-06
EP0498816A1 (en) 1992-08-19
EP0498816B1 (en) 1998-11-25
EP0369603A1 (en) 1990-05-23
AU648047B2 (en) 1994-04-14
EP0498816A4 (en) 1993-09-15
KR970009551B1 (en) 1997-06-14
KR920702977A (ko) 1992-12-17
AU6534790A (en) 1991-05-31
JP3153235B2 (ja) 2001-04-03
CA2072992A1 (en) 1991-05-07
US4961740B1 (en) 1997-01-14
US5026373A (en) 1991-06-25
EP0369603B1 (en) 1998-05-20
CA1306913C (en) 1992-09-01
JPH05501507A (ja) 1993-03-25
CA2072992C (en) 2004-11-09
US4961740A (en) 1990-10-09

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