JPH0220688Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] Technical Field The present invention relates to a measurement head of an ultrasonic flaw detector that performs flaw detection by bringing a probe into close contact with the end face of an axle of a railway vehicle or the like.

Conventional technology A probe is applied to the end face of an object to be inspected to generate an ultrasonic pulse, the probe detects waves corresponding to the ultrasonic pulse, and these are displayed on a cathode ray tube (CRT). Ultrasonic flaw detectors for detecting flaws are already known. By the way, when performing flaw detection, if the probe rises even slightly from the surface of the object to be inspected, energy loss becomes extremely large and measurement becomes difficult. For this reason, conventionally, measurements were taken while pressing the probe against the object to be inspected by hand. However, in hand-held measurements, the pressing force of the probe against the object to be inspected differs each time the measurement is performed, leaving doubts about the reliability of the measurement results. Such a problem occurs particularly in the case of an object to be inspected, such as an axle of a railway vehicle, in which only a small end face is exposed to the outside. That is, in the case of the axle of a railway vehicle, it is difficult to apply the probe to the end face of the axle with a constant pressing force due to spatial constraints, making it difficult to obtain accurate measurement results. Furthermore, when performing flaw detection while moving the probe continuously or intermittently on the end face of the axle, it has been difficult to keep the contact pressure of the probe constant.

On the other hand, when performing ultrasonic flaw detection on an axle, it is desirable to perform both vertical flaw detection and oblique flaw detection. However, in conventional hand-held measurements, it is virtually impossible to perform both at the same time, and the measurement operation is required to be performed two or more times. Further, since it is difficult to perform both measurements continuously, it is not easy to compare the waveform of vertical flaw detection and the waveform of oblique flaw detection.

Purpose of the invention Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a measuring head for an ultrasonic flaw detector that can easily and accurately perform vertical flaw detection and oblique flaw detection on axles.

Structure of the Invention To achieve the above object, the present invention will be explained with reference to the reference numerals in the drawings showing the embodiments for ease of understanding. a vertical flaw detection probe 7 that is brought into close contact with the axle shaft 1 through a spacer 10, an oblique flaw detection probe 8 that is brought into close contact with the end surface 1a of the axle 1 either directly or via a spacer 10, and the vertical flaw detection probe 7 and the A single or common elastic body 1 that applies a biasing force in the direction of the end surface 1a of the axle shaft 1 to the angle angle flaw detection probe 8
1, and holding the elastic body 11 so that the elastic body applies a biasing force in the direction of the end surface 1a of the axle 1 to the vertical flaw detection probe 7 and the oblique flaw detection probe 8; a portion 12b facing the outer peripheral surface of the axle 1 or the member 2 surrounding the axle;
a holding body 12 having a holding body 12 and a retaining body 12 having a holding body 12 which is supported by the opposing portion 12c of the holding body 12 and elastically engaging with a side surface of the axle 1 or a side surface of a member 2 surrounding the axle in a detachable manner. and the engaging body 13 is displaceably supported by the holding body 12, and has one part so as to engage with the side surface of the axle 1 or the side surface of the member 2 surrounding the axle. A ball 13a with a protruding portion;
The present invention relates to a measuring head of an ultrasonic flaw detector for an axle, characterized in that it is an elastic body displacement protrusion consisting of a and a spring 13b that applies a biasing force in the radial direction of the axle 1.

Effects of the invention According to the above invention, since the vertical flaw detection probe 7 and the oblique flaw detection probe 8 are held by the common holder 12, both vertical flaw detection and oblique flaw detection can be easily performed. It can be done. Also, due to the engagement between the engaging body 13 and the axle 1 or the member 2 surrounding the axle, the probe 7,
The axial position of 8 is determined. Therefore, it becomes possible to perform ultrasonic flaw detection while keeping the contact pressure of the probes 7 and 8 with respect to the axle 1 substantially constant, and it becomes possible to perform highly reliable flaw detection. Further, since the ball 13a of the engaging body 13 has elasticity and detachably engages with the axle 1 or the member 2 surrounding the axle, the measuring head can be easily attached and detached. Further, the probes 7 and 8 are in elastic contact with the axle 1, and the engaging body 13 is in contact with the axle 1.
Alternatively, since the probes 7 and 8 are only elastically engaged with the surrounding member 2, the position of the probes 7 and 8 on the end surface 1a of the axle 1 can be easily changed.

Embodiment Next, an ultrasonic flaw detector according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. In Figure 1, 1 is the axle of a railway vehicle as the object to be inspected, 2
is a bearing member surrounding this axle 1, 3 is a measuring head,
4 is the main body of the flaw detector. To explain these in more detail, the cylindrical bearing member 2 surrounding the axle 1 so that the end surface 1a of the axle 1 is exposed has a ring-shaped engagement groove 5 on its outer peripheral surface, and an inclined surface 6 at the end. has. The engagement groove 5 is a groove for attaching the cap when the vehicle is used.

The measurement head 3 includes a probe 7 for vertical flaw detection, a probe 8 for oblique flaw detection, a spacer 10 to which these are fixed with screws 9, and two probes 7 via this spacer 10. , 8 in the direction of the end surface 1a of the axle 1.
, a cup-shaped or cap-shaped holder 12 that positions the two probes 78 and holds the elastic body 11, and an engaging body 1 that engages with the groove 5 of the bearing member 2.
Consists of 0. Since the two probes 7 and 8 are of the type that can transmit and receive waves, they each have a built-in transmitter that applies ultrasonic waves to the axle 1 and a receiver that receives reflected waves from inside the axle 1, and are connected to the cable 14. Therefore, it is coupled to the flaw detector main body 4. Further, the oblique flaw detection probe 8 is arranged at an angle by providing the spacer 10 with an inclined surface 10a.

The flaw detector main body 4 includes a transmitter circuit that generates electric pulses, a receiver circuit that amplifies and detects the electric signals obtained from the probes 7 and 8, and a waveform display of the received waves in order to perform flaw detection on the axle based on the received waves. It includes an oscilloscope and a synchronization circuit for driving the oscilloscope in synchronization with the transmitting circuit.

The holding body 12 is formed in a cap shape, has an elastic body holding portion 12b on its bottom portion 12a, and a through hole 16 for positioning the probes 7, 8, and has a cylindrical portion thereof for holding the engaging body 13. It has a bearing member facing portion 12c. A spacer 1 is installed in the through hole 16.
0 are inserted, the two probes 7 and 8 and the spacer 10 can be freely displaced in the axial direction of the axle 1 with respect to the holder 12, but cannot be displaced. Therefore, the two probes 7 and 8 are positioned on the holder 12 in all directions except the axial direction.

The elastic body 11 is made of a coil spring, and the spacer 1
0 and the elastic body holding portion 12b, and applies a biasing force in the direction of the axle shaft 1 to the two probes 7 and 8 via the spacer 10.

The elastic engagement body 13 has a cylindrical bearing facing portion 12c.
There are four locations on the inside of the ball 13a, each of which is configured in the shape of an elastic protrusion or claw consisting of a ball 13a and a coil spring 13b that presses the ball. The ball 13a and the coil spring 13b are installed in the groove 18 so as not to come off, and a portion of the ball 13a protrudes from the groove 18 and engages with the groove 5 of the bearing member 2.

When the measuring head 3 configured as described above is attached to the axle 1 and the bearing member 2, the spacer 10 to which the two probes 7 and 8 are connected is attached to the axle end face 1a.
The holding body 12 is applied against the biasing force of the elastic body 11.
Press to the left in Figure 1. Since the axle 1 and the bearing member 2 have a large weight, the measurement head 3
It is considered to be fixed against the pressing force of the elastic body 11 and the biasing force of the elastic body 11, and will not be displaced when the measuring head 3 is attached. When the holding body 12 is pressed leftward in FIG. 1, the ball 13a acts as an elastic protrusion or elastic claw.
is pressed by the inclined surface 6 of the bearing member 2, and the bearing member 2
Displaced in the direction away from. However, when the ball 13a reaches the engagement groove 5, it is pushed out by the force of the coil spring 13b, and a part of the ball 13a is inserted into the groove 5, thereby being positioned there. As a result, the distance between the spacer 10 and the elastic body holding portion 12b is kept constant, the force with which the spacer 10 is pressed against the axle 1 by the elastic body 11 is also kept constant, and the contact pressure between the two is kept constant. . As a result, the contact pressure between the two probes 7 and 8 with respect to the axle via the spacer 10 is maintained constant. Therefore, highly reliable flaw detection can be performed.

In this embodiment, the bearing member 2 is provided with a ring-shaped engagement groove 5, and the ball 13a and the spacer 10 are in elastic contact with each other, so that the measuring head 3 is
It can be rotated as shown by the arrow in the figure. Therefore, it is extremely easy to perform flaw detection while rotating the probes 7, 8 continuously or intermittently on the axle end face 1a, and to perform flaw detection at various angular positions of the probes 7, 8. Contact pressure can be kept almost constant. Therefore, highly accurate flaw detection can be performed.

When removing the measuring head 3, the holder 12 is pulled to the right in FIG. As a result, the ball 13a
is displaced in the direction away from the bearing member 2, and the engagement groove 5
Get out of.

As is clear from the above, the measuring head 3 of this embodiment has the following advantages.

(a) Since the two probes 7 and 8 are held by a common spacer 10 and a common holder 12, both vertical flaw detection and oblique flaw detection can be performed extremely easily.

(b) Since the contact pressure between the probes 7 and 8 via the spacer 10 can be kept constant, highly reliable flaw detection can be performed.

(c) Since the engaging body 13 is an elastic protrusion consisting of a ball 13a and a coil spring 13b, the measuring head 3 can be easily attached and detached.

(d) The engagement groove 5 is formed in a ring shape, and the ball 13a is elastically engaged with the engagement groove 5, so that the measurement head 3 can be rotated and the probe can be detected at each rotation position. The contact pressure between the probes 7 and 8 can be kept almost constant.

Modifications The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but includes the following modifications, for example.

(1) Instead of forming the holder 12 into a cup shape or a cap shape, the holder 12b and the opposing portion 12c may be connected to each other by a linear connecting member, and the entire structure may be frame-shaped.

(2) When the axle 1 protrudes beyond the bearing member 2, the engaging body 13 may be directly engaged with the axle 1.

(3) It is also applicable to probes 7 and 8 that include only a transmitter or only a receiver.

(4) In order to stabilize the engagement of the ball 13a with the groove 5, the groove 5 may have a semicircular cross-sectional shape.

(5) The probes 7 and 8 may be brought into direct contact with the axle end face 1a without intervening the spacer 10, and a common or individual elastic body may be arranged on the back side (right side) of the probes 7 and 8. . In this case, the end face of the oblique flaw detection probe 8 is sloped, or a spacer having a slope is coupled to the probe 8. In addition, probes 7 and 8 are installed independently.
In the case of pressing the probes 7 and 8, for example, coil springs may be independently arranged between the back surfaces of the probes 7 and 8 and the bottom surface portion 12a of the holder 12, respectively. In addition, when pressing the two probes 7 and 8 with independent springs, the holder 12 is arranged so that the probes 7 and 8 are displaced only in the axial direction of the axle 1 and not in other directions. It is desirable to provide a portion or guide for positioning against.

(6) The engagement groove 5 of the bearing member 2 may be omitted and the ball 13a may be strongly engaged with the cylindrical surface by the spring 13b.
In this case, it is desirable to provide the axle 1 or the bearing member 2 with a step that limits the axial position of the measuring head 3. Further, a spring 1 is applied so as to maintain the engagement of the ball 13a against the biasing force of the elastic body 11.
3b force must be set.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway sectional view of a measuring head for an axle according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a right side view of the measuring head of FIG. 1. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Axle, 1a... End face, 2... Bearing member surrounding the axle, 3... Measuring head, 5... Engaging groove, 7
... Vertical flaw detection probe, 8... Oblique flaw detection probe, 10... Spacer, 11... Elastic body, 12...
...Holding body, 12b...Elastic body holding portion, 12c...
... Bearing opposing portion, 13... Engaging body.

Claims (1)

[Claims for Utility Model Registration] A vertical flaw detection probe 7 that is brought into close contact with the end surface 1a of the axle 1 as an object to be inspected, either directly or through a spacer 10;
An angle-angle flaw detection probe 8 that is brought into close contact with the angle-angle flaw detection probe 8 through a a common elastic body 11; the elastic body 11 applies a biasing force in the direction of the end surface 1a of the axle 1 to the vertical flaw detection probe 7 and the oblique flaw detection probe 8; A portion 12b that holds the elastic body 11 and a portion 1 that faces the outer circumferential side of the axle 1 or the member 2 surrounding the axle.
2c; and a retainer 12 that is supported by the opposing portion 12c of the holder 12 and elastically engages with a side surface of the axle 1 or a side surface of a member 2 surrounding the axle in a removable manner. a combination 13; and the engaging body 13 includes the holding body 1.
2, and is displaceably supported by the axle 1.
a ball 13a, a part of which protrudes so as to engage with the side surface of the member 2 or the side surface of the member 2 surrounding the axle 1;
A measurement head for an ultrasonic flaw detector, characterized in that it is an elastically displaceable protrusion comprising a spring 13b that applies a biasing force in the radial direction of the axle 1 to the ball 13a.