JPH03217522A - Excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce the size of supporters as well as economize them by a method in which the upper and lower bodies of an excavator are supported by a manually movable supporter, and the oil-pressure hoses of the lower body motor and of the operating valve of the upper body are passed through the supporter. CONSTITUTION:An excavator consists of an upper body U and a lower body L, having an excavating machine H, where the upper body U is supported by the turning support base 2 and the turning supporter 1 of the lower body L. The upper body U is manually turned within 180 deg. by the supporter 1 in relation to the lower body L. An engine E is also set on the turning center position of the body U and the bilaterally turning cylinder of an excavating machine H is set on one side of the engine E. The motor 17 of the body L is connected with the valve device V on the body U side by a hose 28 which is passed through the supporter 1. The size of the supporter 1 can thus be reduced.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (a) Field of Industrial Application The present invention relates to the arrangement of various devices in a small excavator.

(Example) Prior Art The technology related to small walk-behind excavators has been known for some time.

However, in the conventional technology, the upper vehicle body was able to rotate 360 degrees with respect to the lower vehicle body, so between the operating valve device provided on the upper vehicle body and the fluid pressure actuator supported on the lower vehicle body, It was necessary to install a swivel joint in order to be able to transfer pressure oil even when turning 360 degrees.

However, with small walk-behind excavators, excavation work is rarely performed by placing the excavator on the side or rear of the machine in the direction of movement.
It can only swing 30 to 60 degrees from side to side for digging ditches.

(c) Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention takes into consideration the usage conditions of such a small excavator, and eliminates the need to rotate the upper body 360 degrees relative to the lower body, and instead enables manual 180 degree turning. As a result, the swivel point can be discarded, and instead, a hydraulic hose made of a flexible hose is passed in a bent state through the inside of the swing support part created between the upper and lower car bodies. The structure is such that even if the hydraulic hose turns about 180 degrees to the left or right, the pressure oil can be transferred by twisting the hydraulic hose.In addition, in small excavators, the operating valve device is installed at the rear C of the engine. By arranging this arrangement near the handle operating section, the operating links and piping can be shortened.

In addition, the upper part of the engine of the small excavator is covered with a cover,
The upper cover provided in this part can be opened and closed to reduce noise and further improve the design, and is configured so that an opening for inspection and repair can be obtained by opening the upper cover.

Further, the counterweight is configured to function as a lifting member that can be freely raised and lowered on the lower vehicle body.

(2) Means for Solving the Problems The problems to be solved by the present invention are as described above, and next, the means for solving the problems will be explained.

The front part of the upper car body has an excavating machine that can swing up and down and rotate left and right.The upper car body can be manually rotated within 180 degrees relative to the lower car body, and the engine is placed approximately at the center of rotation of the upper car body. The cylinder for left and right rotation of the machine is placed on one side of the engine, and the hydraulic hose that connects the hydraulic actuator installed on the lower body side and the operating valve device ■ installed on the upper body side is connected inside the swing support part. is inserted through it.

Further, the operating valve device is placed at the rear of the engine, and the oil tank is placed on the opposite side of the horizontal rotation cylinder.

In addition, the oil tank is placed on the side of the engine, its outer wall is exposed, and the engine, operating valve device, and left/right rotation cylinder are covered with a cover, and the upper cover located on the top of the engine is detachable. It is.

Further, a counterweight 8 is pivotally supported on the lower vehicle body side so as to be able to rise and fall freely, and acts as a weight when the front is raised during work, and acts as a support member when the front is lowered.

(E) Embodiment The problems to be solved by the present invention and the means for solving them are as described above.Next, the structure of the embodiment shown in the attached drawings will be explained.

The overall configuration of the excavator will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3.

Crawler type traveling devices 16L-16R are supported by the lower body L, and drive sprockets 21L and 21 are driven by hydraulic motors 17L and 17R, which are fluid pressure actuators.
R is rotated, and the drive subrockets 2LL and 21R drive crawler type traveling devices 16L and 16R.

A swing support stand 2 is arranged on the lower vehicle body L, a swing support part 1 is arranged on the swing support stand 2, and a swing support part 1 is arranged on the swing support stand 2.
supports the upper vehicle body U.

A safety hamper 38 and a hanging hook 39 are arranged at the rear of the upper vehicle body U, and the main cover 18 covers the engine E etc. placed on the upper vehicle body U.

The upper part of the main cabinet 18 is capable of attaching and detaching another upper cover 9, and the upper cover 9 is provided with cooling air exchange holes 9a.
9b has four holes.

Further, a control handle 15 is provided at the rear of the main cage 18, and an arm
A swing operation lever 40, a traveling lever 42, a boom/brush operation lever 41, and a plate operation lever 43
is located.

Further, a support body 10 of the boom 11 is protruded from the front part of the upper vehicle body U, and a boom swing body 54 is pivotally supported on the support body 10.

A cylinder 3 for left and right rotation is pivotally connected to the boom swing body 54 from the right side, and as the cylinder 3 for left and right rotation expands and contracts, the boom swing body 54 rotates about 180 degrees left and right.

Further, the lower end of the boom 11 is supported on the boom swing body 54, and the lower end of the boom cylinder 12 is also pivotally supported.

An arm 36 is pivotally supported at the upper end of the boom 11, and an arm cylinder 34 for rotating the arm 36 is interposed.

Further, a brush plate 37 is pivotally connected to the tip of the arm 36, and the brush plate 37 is rotated by a brush plate cylinder 35.

The boom 11, arm 36, and brush 37 constitute an excavating machine H.

Next, explanation will be given with reference to FIGS. 4, 5, and 6.

At the front end of the lower vehicle body L, an elevating and rotating pivot support 14 for the counterweight 8 is identified, and the counterweight 8 is supported on the elevating and lowering rotating pivot support 14 so as to be movable up and down. The counterweight 8 also serves as a blade.

Normal blades are constructed by welding iron plates, but in the present invention, the role of the counterweight is greater than that of the blade, so the entire counterweight 8 is constructed of cast metal to reduce the weight. It's heavy.

A counterweight cylinder 13 that lifts and lowers a counterweight 8 that also serves as a blade is attached to a lifting and rotating pivot support 14.
It is interposed between.

At the rear of the lower body L is the drive sprocket L-21L/21.
Hydraulic motors 17L and 17R are provided to drive the counterweight cylinder 13 and the hydraulic motor 1.
7L and 17R constitute a fluid pressure actuator which is a technical element of the present invention.

A hydraulic hose 28 that supplies pressurized oil from the operation valve device V to the counterweight cylinder 13, which is the fluid pressure actuator, is inserted into the swing support portion 1 in a bent state.

Hydraulic motor 17L which is another fluid pressure actuator
・Hydraulic hose 26.2 for supplying and returning pressure oil to 17R
7 is also inserted into the inside of the swing support part 1 in a bent state.

Since there are two hydraulic hoses 26 and 27 on the left and right sides, a total of five hydraulic hoses are inserted into the inside of the swing support part 1 in a bent state.

An upper vehicle body U is supported on the swing support part 1, and on top of the upper vehicle body U, as shown in FIG.
3 is fixedly installed, fixed brackets 24, 24, 24, 24 are provided on the vertical reinforcing plates 22, 23, and an engine mounting stand 25 is placed on the four fixed brackets 24. There is.

The engine E is mounted on the engine mounting table 25.

Further, a pivot portion of the cylinder 3 for left and right rotation is provided at the rear end of the vertical reinforcing plate 22, and a support body 10 is provided at the tip of the vertical reinforcing plate 22, 23.
is fixed.

A protective plate 7 is placed from the support 10 onto the cylinder 3 for left and right rotation.
has been erected.

Further, at the rear of the engine E, an operating valve device V is arranged below the control handle 15, and the operating valve device V is a boom operating valve 45 and a right travel valve fixed to the vertical mounting plate 20. 46・Blade valve 47・Left travel valve 48・Arm valve 49・Swing valve 50
It is made up of.

A hydraulic pump P is attached to the output shaft of the engine E.
Further, a cooling duct 19 is disposed above the hydraulic pump P, and an exhaust silencer 6 is provided inside the cooling duct 19.
is located.

Further, an engine cooling fan 55 is provided at the front of the engine E, and the engine cooling fan 55 sucks cooling air into the main chassis 18.

The hot air after cooling the outer periphery of the engine E by the engine cooling fan 55 is guided to a cooling duct 19 fixed to the side of the engine, and the exhaust is blown from the cooling duct 19 to an exhaust port 51 fixed to the main chassis 18. There is.

The cooling duct 19 is fixed to the engine E, and the exhaust port 51 is fixed to the main engine 18, so a heat-resistant knot 52 is interposed at the part connecting the two, as shown in FIG. There is.

Further, a fuel tank 4 and a hydraulic oil tank 5 are arranged on the left side surface of the engine E, and the outer surfaces of the fuel tank 4 and hydraulic oil tank 5 are exposed to the outside air. Therefore, since both the fuel tank 4 and the hydraulic oil tank 5 can be cooled by the outside air, it is possible to suppress the rise in internal oil temperature.

In addition, the main power par 18 and the upper cover 9 cover the parts other than the fuel tank 4 and the hydraulic oil tank 5, thereby improving the design as a whole.

In addition, as shown in FIG.
, and a magneto-soto 53 is provided on the side of the main cover 18, and the upper cover 9 can be attached and detached by bringing them into close contact.

10 and 11 show the fixing holes of the stover pins 29 that define the positions of the upper vehicle body U and the lower vehicle body L after turning manually.
9 is provided with a guide tube 31 that slides up and down, and a stonoper 32 that the guide tube 31 comes into contact with when turning.
- 33 is provided on the strike bar hole plate 30 of the rotating support base 2.

The angle between the stonopers 32 and 33 is approximately 180 degrees.

After the operator slides the stooper bin 29 within the guide tube 31 and removes it from the hole of the stomper hole plate 30, the operator manually turns the control handle 15 to rotate the upper vehicle body U and the excavating machine H by a predetermined angle. Stosover pin 2
9 is lowered and fitted into the hole of the stopper hole plate 30 and fixed.

Next, the configuration of the counterweight 8 will be explained with reference to the 12th cabinet and FIG. 13.

The counterweight 8 plays a larger role as a blade in a normal excavator, but in the small walk-behind excavator of the present invention, it plays a larger role as a counterweight to support the body during excavation. It is bigger.

During excavation work using the excavator H, at the initial stage when the brush 37 digs into the ground, the front of the machine tries to rise due to the hardness of the ground; In the case of floating, the counterweight 8 serves as a weight,
As the drilling progresses and the hole becomes deeper, each time the Hakenoto 37 excavates, the front part of the aircraft tries to go down so that it is pulled into the hole, but in this case, the counterweight 8 digs into the ground. Its role is to prevent the front of the aircraft from lowering further.

As shown in FIG. 14, the exhaust outlet of the conventional exhaust muffler 6 is directed directly downward, and when the exhaust air from the exhaust muffler 6 travels between the ridges for agricultural purposes, it is directed toward the crops. It was sprayed directly, and when used for construction purposes, it was sprayed on planted trees, causing negative effects.

In the case of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, the exhaust muffler 6 is surrounded by a cooling duct 19, and the cooling air from the engine cooling fan 55 is passed through the cooling duct 19. The exhaust muffler 6 can be cooled by mixing the air from the engine cooling fan 55, and the negative impact on crops and trees can be reduced.

(F) Effects of the Invention Since the present invention is constructed as described above, it has the following effects.

As claimed in claim (1), the front part of the upper car body has an excavating machine that can swing up and down and rotate left and right, the upper car body can manually rotate within 180 degrees with respect to the lower car body, and the engine is located approximately in the upper car body. The cylinder for left and right rotation of the excavating machine is placed at the center of the swing, and the cylinder for left and right rotation of the excavating machine is placed on one side of the engine, and the hydraulic pressure is connected between the fluid pressure actuator installed on the S lower body side and the operating valve device installed on the upper body side. Since the hose is inserted through the swivel support, the conventional swivel joint required for 360 degree rotation can be discarded, making the swivel support more compact and eliminating the need for expensive swivel joints such as swivel joints. By not using any parts, it was possible to construct it at a low cost.

In addition, since the upper body U does not make a 360-degree reverse turn with respect to the lower body L, it eliminates erroneous operations such as contact with obstacles or people caused by not checking the safety of the surroundings when making a reverse turn. It was possible.

In addition, since the engine E is located at the center of turning of the upper vehicle body U, manual turning can be performed while ignoring the weight of the engine E during manual turning operations, so the turning operation force can be reduced. As a result, the upper vehicle body U can also be made compact.

Moreover, since the hydraulic hose is inserted into the inside of the swing support part 1, even when the upper vehicle body U is turned 180 degrees,
Since it can be protected by the swing support part 1, the hydraulic hose will not be twisted or damaged.

As in claim (2), since the operating valve device is arranged at the rear of the engine and the oil tank is arranged on the opposite side of the horizontal rotation cylinder, the operating valve device is located near the operating handle 15 and the hydraulic pump P. (2) exists, and the link to the operating lever and the piping to the hydraulic pump P can be shortened.

In addition, the counterweight cylinder 13, which is a fluid pressure actuator for the lower part of the vehicle body L, and the hydraulic motors 17L and 17
This makes it possible to simplify the configuration in which the hydraulic hose to R is inserted through the swing support part 1.

Furthermore, since the cylinder 3 for left and right rotation, the operating valve device V, the fuel tank 4, and the hydraulic oil tank 5 are arranged around the engine E, the main power bar 1
The overall internal structure of the 8 can be arranged compactly.

According to claim (3), the oil tank is arranged on the side of the engine, its outer wall is exposed, and the engine, the operating valve device, and the cylinder for left and right rotation are covered with a cover, and the upper part is located above the engine. Since the cover is removable,
By covering the entire upper body U with a cover and an oil tank, it was possible to reduce noise and create an aesthetic design.

In addition, regardless of the above, since the outer surfaces of the fuel tank 4 and hydraulic oil tank 5 are exposed to the outside air, the oil temperature in both tanks is prevented from rising, and the upward protrusion of both tanks is eliminated, and the entire surface is exposed to the outside air. It was possible to store it compactly.

Further, since the upper cover 9 is provided for the main power bar 18, by removing the upper cover 9, a large opening for inspection and repair can be opened in the upper part of the main cover 18.

Since the excavator of the present invention is small, it is easy to inspect and repair it from above.

As claimed in claim (4), a counterweight 8 is provided on the lower vehicle body side.
It is pivoted so that it can be raised and lowered, and acts as a weight when the front part goes up during work, and acts as a support member when the front part goes down, so that it can be used to make the tip 37 bite into hard soil in the early stages of excavation. , the front of the fuselage tends to rise, but in this case, the counterweight 8 is used to suppress the front rise, and if the hole becomes deep and the front of the fuselage is pulled in by digging with the brush 37. In this case, the counterweight 8 supports the aircraft and prevents the front from lowering.

Furthermore, since the counterweight 8 is shaped like a blade, it is possible to level the soil as if using a blade.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an overall side view of the excavator of the present invention, Fig. 2 is an overall plan view, Fig. 3 is an overall rear view of the same, Fig. 4 is a side sectional view with the main excavator 18 removed, Fig. 5 is a plan view, Fig. 6 is a rear view, Fig. 7 is a plan view with the engine mounting stand 25 removed, and Fig. 8 is a main cabinet.
9 is a side sectional view showing the joint between 18 and the upper cover 9.
The figure is a cross-sectional view of the joint between the cooling duct 19 and the exhaust port 51, Figure 10 is a plan view showing the stonopper pin insertion hole of the manual swing device, and Figure 11 is a side cross-section of the swing support part (■) and the swing support base 2. 12 and 13 are a side view and a plan view of the counterweight 8, and FIG. 14 is a drawing showing an exhaust port of the exhaust silencer 6 of a conventional excavator. E...Engine H...Excavation work machine U...Upper body L...Lower car body 1...Swivel support part 3...Cylinder for left and right rotation 4...Fuel tank 5...Hydraulic oil tank 6...Exhaust silencer 8...Counterweight 9...Top cover 18...Main cover 19...Cooling duct

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) The front part of the upper car body has an excavating machine that can swing up and down and rotate left and right.The upper car body can be manually rotated within 180 degrees relative to the lower car body, and the engine is located approximately at the center of rotation of the upper car body. The horizontal rotation cylinder of the excavating machine is placed on one side of the engine, and a hydraulic hose is connected between the fluid pressure actuator provided on the lower body side and the operating valve device V provided on the upper body side. , an excavator characterized by being inserted through the inside of the swing support part. (2) The excavator according to claim (1), characterized in that the operating valve device is disposed at the rear of the engine, and the oil tank is disposed on the opposite side of the horizontal rotation cylinder. (3) In claim (2), the oil tank is placed on the side of the engine, its outer wall is exposed, and the engine, operating valve device, and horizontal rotation cylinder are covered with a cover, and the oil tank is placed on the top of the engine. An excavator characterized by a removable upper cover. (4) In claim (1), a counterweight 8 is pivotally supported on the lower vehicle body side so as to be able to rise and fall freely, and acts as a weight when the front is raised during work, and acts as a support member when the front is lowered. An excavator characterized by: