JPH032500B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a feed for aquacultured fish and a method for producing the same. (Conventional technology) Sardines, sardines, etc. have traditionally been used as feed for aquaculture fish.
Frozen mackerel, sand eel, shrimp, etc. are used, and although these are good feed materials for farmed fish, feeding them alone can cause self-contamination of fish farms, malnutrition, and infectious diseases. The disease rate is high in the fish, leading to poor growth, mortality, and increased culling, leading to a decline in aquaculture performance and becoming a factor that hinders the stability of aquaculture management. (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention crushes live bait or frozen fish, adsorbs fish juice, fish oil, or excess moisture generated during feeding or feeding, and cackles it to form a feed material during feeding. We are researching and developing a powdered mixed feed that reduces the amount of water dispersion in the water, and allows the feed to be fed with uniform ingredients and ingredients without any loss of nutrients due to dissolution into the water.In the process, we use the most effective water absorbing material and caking. Carbosylmethylcellulose sodium (hereinafter referred to as CMC) of a specific standard, which is also a material
Invented this, and as a result of various research from natural materials, it can also be a nutritional source for cultured fish, and has a high water absorption capacity.
We came up with the invention of moist pellets (high-moisture granular feed) characterized by a mixture of seaweed powder, which has the highest oil absorption capacity, and rice bran oil cake. To explain these in more detail, there are known binders such as sodium alginate, guar gum, and sodium polyacrylate, but sodium alginate has a weak water absorption and binding power, while guar gum has a low water absorption and a weak binding force. Sodium acrylate each has drawbacks such as weak cohesive strength. In addition, it is well known that sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is used as a binder, but the quality standards for CMC are accurately distinguished by the degree of etherification and degree of polymerization, and these standards cover a wide range of There is. For this reason, it is necessary to establish appropriate standards depending on the application in order to stabilize the quality and reduce costs of products containing the additive. Therefore, based on the results of research on manufacturing various moist pellets, the present invention found that when the degree of etherification of CMC is low, water retention increases, but because the hydrophilicity is low, it is difficult to mix and stir raw bait and powdered feed when manufacturing moist pellets. It takes a long time to process, and the caking force of the mixed material is too strong, resulting in over-kneading when discharging the granules, which causes the problem of the granulator stopping due to too much load power. ,
Excessive kneading causes the temperature of the moist pellets to become high, resulting in defects such as deterioration of quality and the tendency for pellets to stick together. On the other hand, if the degree of etherification is high, although it is hydrophilic, it has a problem with water retention, and it has defects that cause pellets to stick to each other, lose their shape, and scatter during feeding. Therefore, we found that there is an optimal range for the degree of etherification of CMC. It was also found that as the number average degree of polymerization of CMC increases, the caking force tends to increase, but there is an appropriate range. It has been known that plant materials such as wheat flour and bran are used as nutritional sources in powdered feed, and are also mixed in with the expectation that they will act as water absorbing agents and auxiliary binders. The reason why the invention incorporates seaweed powder or rice bran oil cake is because it has been found that this substance has a water-absorbing power and an oil-absorbing effect unparalleled by other products. For this reason, rice bran oil cake, which is high in protein and fiber and has about three times the water absorption capacity of wheat flour, can be used to make moist pellets with a small amount, and because it is low in starch and sugar, which are factors that inhibit growth, it is also possible for yellowtail to grow. In good condition. In addition, seaweed is ingested by sea breams, and this seaweed powder has about three times the water absorption power of wheat flour, so mixing it into moist pellets is a good idea for sea breams, which have a slow feeding activity. It is a highly palatable feed for sea breams, and active feeding reduces feeding time, and the growth results of sea bream are also good. In particular, it was found that in aquaculture of rock bream, the diet requires a large amount of fiber, so in order to obtain normal growth and growth rate, it is necessary to mix an extremely large amount of seaweed powder into the feed. That is, although seaweed powder and rice bran oil cake are well known as raw materials for fish feed, a major feature of the present invention is that they are mixed in large amounts as water-absorbing agents and oil-absorbing agents. It is also known that fish oil additives are used for the growth of cultured fish, meat increase coefficient (feed conversion rate), meat quality adjustment, etc. However, it was more difficult to add this to produce moist pellets than with frozen fish and mixed feed. In other words, the addition of fish oil reduces the binding strength of the binder, so to compensate for this drawback, by mixing a large amount of rice bran, oil cake, and seaweed powder, which have strong oil-absorbing power, these oil-absorbing powers reduce the performance of the binder. It was found that this greatly contributes to the prevention of As a result of investigating the optimum properties of the moist pellets and researching the manufacturing method, the present invention was achieved.
The test results of the present invention will be described below. Test 1 Measurement of Water Absorption and Oil Absorption Power The results of measuring the adsorption power of various feed materials and liquids such as fresh water, 2% saline solution, and fish oil as a binder are shown in Table 1 below. Therefore, as feed ingredients, rice bran oil cake and seaweed powder have excellent adsorption power, and as a binder, CMC is overwhelmingly superior to other agents, and among them, CMC has a high degree of etherification.
The value of 0.5 was particularly good.

【table】

【table】

[Table] The measurement method shown in Table 1 is to place 2 g of each sample in a 100 c.c. beaker, drop the corresponding liquid into it from a burette, and mix with a spatula until the adsorption reaches the end point of shape retention. It is a measurement of the amount,
The amount of adsorption per 100 g of sample material was expressed in g.
The end point of shape retention was determined from the droplet physical properties of the moist pellets, and was determined by the shape retention limit based on the hardness of the earlobe. Test 2 Based on moist pellet manufacturing experiment
CMC standardization The adsorption power of three types of CMC standardized by the degree of etherification and the number average degree of polymerization was found in Test 1 above, but it is necessary to find out what value of CMC is appropriate for actual moist pellets. As a result of repeated manufacturing experiments, the results shown in Table 2 below were obtained. From the results of this experiment, it was determined that CMC with a degree of etherification of 0.75 and a number average degree of polymerization of 1100 was most suitable for producing the moist pellets, taking into consideration the production time, physical properties of the moist pellets, etc. .

【table】

[Table] *The shape retention in water in Table 2 above is expressed as the water solubility ratio of tracer aqueous solution after leaving a fixed amount of moist pellets in room temperature water for 5 minutes. The moist pellets were fed in a granulator made by Hiraga Kosho as 250 kg of frozen crushed sardines, 212.5 kg of fish meal, 125 kg of rice bran oil cake, 2.5 kg of seaweed powder, 6.25 kg of CMC, 1.25 kg of guar gum, and others. A mixture of 15 kg of attractants, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, etc. was added, stirred, and then discharged through a granulation diameter of 6.2 mm to carry out manufacturing operations. Among these, CMC's 6.25Kg is 3
While replacing with the standard of each type,
Regarding CMC, we manufactured 500Kg lots three times.
The results shown in Table 2 were obtained based on the results of the first production. (Effects of the invention) Test 3 Breeding results for yellowtail and red sea bream Using the feed produced according to the present invention as an improved moist pellet group, a rearing test was conducted on yellowtail and red sea bream. The feed composition is shown in Table 3 below. or,
A comparative test was conducted using a live bait section and a conventional moisturized section to confirm the effectiveness of the present invention. The feed composition in the live feed group consisted mainly of frozen sardines, and the feeding and dosing methods followed the usual methods at the test site. In addition, conventional moist pellets are conventionally used.
Degree of etherification 1.0, number average degree of polymerization corresponding to CMC
800, and instead of using rice bran, oil cake, and seaweed powder, this part, the feeding attractant, and part of the fish meal were replaced with wheat flour, bran, wheat activated gluten, soybean meal, etc., and this was used as a mixed feed. Moist pellets are made by mixing 50% weight of this compounded feed and 50% weight of crushed frozen sardines and granulating the same as in the improved type group. The daily amount of moist pellets fed per fish was the same for both the improved and conventional types, but overfeeding was avoided by checking the feeding status of the fish. The test results are shown in Tables 4 and 5 below. As a result, the growth of fish in the improved plot for both yellowtail and sea bream exceeded the general growth, and compared to the conventional plot, it was superior in growth, mortality rate, and feed efficiency. Looking at the degree of improvement in weight gain, which indicates the amount of food produced, the improved type improved yellowtail by 24.6% compared to the live bait group and +13.3% compared to the conventional type.
Similarly, in Thailand, the raw bait ratio increased by 28.4%, and the conventional ratio increased by 7.9%.
Improved. These good results are evident from Tables 4 and 5 below.

[Table] For yellowtail

[Table] For red sea bream *The moist pellets in the sample above are 50% mixed feed.
It is made by mixing 50% weight of frozen crushed sardine and granulating it, and the degree of etherification of CMC is 0.75 and the number average degree of polymerization is 1100.

【table】

【table】

[Table] As stated above, the reasons why the feed according to the present invention was able to achieve such an improvement are that there is little self-contamination at the farm, it has resistance to infectious diseases, there are few nutritional defects, and the palatability of the feed. This is due to its good digestibility. In other words, in addition to the water absorption and caking power of CMC, the liquid adsorption power of seaweed powder and rice bran oil cake minimizes the use ratio of low-digestible vegetable feed and the caking agent itself, which leads to a reduction in digestibility. This invention allows for the mixing of high-quality raw materials, feeding attractants, digestive enzymes, etc., and makes it possible to produce high-quality mixed feed.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Contains 3% to 50% by weight of frozen crushed fish, or frozen crushed fish with fish oil added, and either seaweed powder, rice bran oil cake, or both. and nutritional supplementary raw materials containing vitamins, minerals, and other feed materials for cultured fish, with a degree of etherification within the range of 0.6 to 1.0 and a number average degree of polymerization of 1000 to 1300. A feed for aquaculture fish characterized by being granulated with a highly water-absorbing binder containing standard carboxymethyl cellulose sodium as a main component. 2. After crushing frozen fish using a crusher or a crusher and chopper, the frozen fish crushed product or the frozen fish crushed product to which fish oil is added has a degree of etherification within the range of 0.6 to 1.0 and a number average degree of polymerization. Contains a strongly water-absorbing binder mainly composed of sodium carboxymethylcellulose with a standard of 1000 to 1300, and 3% to 50% by weight of either seaweed powder, rice bran or oil cake, or both, In addition, a feed for aquacultured fish characterized by adding a mixture obtained by mixing with a nutritional supplement material containing vitamins, minerals, and other feed materials for aquacultured fish, and granulating the mixture by stirring and mixing. manufacturing method.