JPH03284380A - Production of functionally gradient material and actuator prepared by the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To bond plural kinds of viscous bodies to the side surface or laminated part without using an adhesive by relatively moving the discharge port of a dispenser with respect to its shaft and providing a means for controlling the discharge of the viscous body. CONSTITUTION:Plural kinds of viscous bodies prepared by mixing plural kinds of raw powders, a binder and a solvent are respectively filled into the plural dispensers 3. A shaft 2 is arranged below the discharge port 3a of the dispenser 3. The shaft 2 is rotated by driving devices 1a and 1b (supporting device), and the shaft 2 or the dispenser 3 is relatively moved in the 3-axis directions. The rotating and travel speed in the axial direction of the shaft 2 are controlled by a driving means 5, and the discharge of the dispenser 3 is also controlled. Consequently, plural kinds of viscous bodies are bonded to the side surface or laminated part without using an adhesive.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] <Industrial application field> The present invention can arbitrarily control the composition distribution of the pipe.

The present invention relates to a device that can be easily formed, and further relates to an actuator manufactured using this device.

<Prior art> Conventional 1 For example, a device in which two piezoelectric elements with different piezoelectric constants are arranged alternately in a ring to operate as an ultrasonic motor, or as an actuator to perform complicated movements,
A plurality of piezoelectric elements having different piezoelectric constants are alternately stacked and bonded.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> However, such actuators are difficult to manufacture using the general doctor blade method.

For this reason, various types of piezoelectric elements that have been formed as green sheets are manufactured by bonding them on the side surfaces or surfaces, but there is a problem in that the bonding strength is unreliable.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and is capable of fixing different types of powder raw materials without using an adhesive, and allows for combinations of complex compositions.
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing functional materials and an actuator manufactured using the method.

Means for Solving the Problems> The structure of the present invention for solving the problems of the above-mentioned prior art is as follows. a plurality of dispensers each filled with the viscous material, a shaft disposed below the discharge port of the dispenser, and rotating the shaft;

A driving device for relatively moving the shaft or the dispenser in three axial directions, and a control means for controlling the rotation and axial movement speed of the shaft and the discharge amount of the dispenser, Viscous body on the side,
Or, it is characterized by joining at laminated parts.

In claim 2, a plurality of types of viscous bodies prepared by mixing a plurality of types of powder raw materials, a binder, and a solvent.

a plurality of dispensers each filled with the viscous material, a mixer provided at the discharge port of the dispensers, a shaft disposed below the discharge port of the mixer, and rotating the shaft; A drive device that moves the shaft or dispenser in three axial directions, and a control means that controls the rotation and axial movement speed of the shaft and controls the amount of discharge from the dispenser to the mixer and the amount of discharge from the mixer. It is characterized in that the plurality of types of viscous bodies are joined at the side surface or the laminated portion.

In claim 3, a first ring having a predetermined width, in which a ceramic member having a large piezoelectric constant and a ceramic member having a small piezoelectric constant are wound in an overlapping manner, and this ring is provided next to the first ring. and a second ring of similar size wound in reverse order of superimposition, and these first rings. Second
4 rings are arranged alternately to form a first group, and the first group is arranged such that the ring wound in the same way as the ring on the end face of the first group is located on the end face. a second group in which four second rings are arranged; and a second group in which four second rings are arranged; disposed between the second group and formed of any one of the ceramic members; A third ring is formed between the second rings to have a predetermined width and approximately the same thickness;
The present invention is characterized in that it includes means for applying out-of-phase sine waves to the second group of rings.

Action〉 Prepare multiple dispensers containing different types of viscous substances, and dispense one type of viscous substance (A>
First, move the dispenser and the shaft a specified distance relative to each other, replace the dispenser with another type of viscous material (B), and apply the side surface to the first applied viscous material. Apply the desired width slightly overlapping or slightly apart. Since viscous bodies have viscosity, different types of viscous bodies mix with each other at their ends and sides,
A gradient composition is formed. This process is repeated to form a first layer tube of the desired length.First, the viscous material B is layered on top of A in the reverse order to the above to form a second layer tube in the same manner. As a result, the contact portions of the laminated surfaces also have a gradient composition.

In addition, multiple dispensers filled with various types of viscous substances are prepared, and a mixer is installed at the discharge port.

The composition can be continuously changed by preparing a mixture while continuously changing the proportion of the discharge amount from each dispenser.

Further, a cylindrical body is formed by alternately arranging viscous bodies made of different types of powder raw materials in the axial direction and the diametrical direction. And the first. A separation band of a predetermined width is provided between the rings of the second group; A sinusoidal voltage having a different phase is applied between the second rings.

As a result, a traveling bending wave is generated in the axial direction of the cylinder.

It becomes possible to transport the fluid inside the cylinder.

<Practical Example> The present invention will be described below with reference to one drawing. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of the method for manufacturing a functionally graded material according to the present invention. In FIG. And 1
It is driven by a drive mechanism (not shown). 3 is a support device (
This dispenser is removably supported by a binder (not shown), and is filled with a ceramic material having an appropriate viscosity using a binder and a solvent. This ceramic material is extruded from the tip of the discharge part 3a by an extrusion mechanism built into the dispenser 3. Reference numeral 5 denotes a control means for controlling the discharge amount of the viscous material extruded from the dispenser, the position of the discharge part 3a, and the position of the support device 1.

7 is a signal transmission cable.

In the above configuration, the control means 5 sends a signal to the drive mechanism of the support device to move the outlet of the dispenser 3a to a predetermined position relative to the surface of the shaft 4 as an initial setting, and to position it at an appropriate height.

Next, a signal instructing the discharge amount of the ceramic material to the dispenser is issued, and a control flJ signal is issued to the drive mechanism of the support means 1 so that the dispenser moves at a predetermined speed starting from the current position. After applying the viscous material A, and replacing the dispenser with the viscous material B, the discharge part 3
Position a at the end of area B and apply viscous material B to area B under the same conditions. Repeat this to alternately apply viscous materials A and B to form the first layer. do.

Next, in the same manner, apply the viscous substance B on the area where A was applied, and apply the viscous substance A on the area where B was applied.
Apply layers.

Here, the experimental conditions conducted by the applicant will be explained.

As a ceramic material, Pb (N i 1/co Nb 2/, ) χ(T
i y Zr 1-y ) 1-x Using a third-order subsystem composite probskite of O3.

As a piezoelectric material, χ=0.45~0.60y=0.6~0
．． 8 (hereinafter referred to as the first ceramic material A).

As a high dielectric constant material, χ=0.65-0.85 y=0.6-0.8 Norano (hereinafter referred to as second ceramic material B) is used.

Above 1. Second ceramic materials A and B each 100
30-50 g of pure water per g.

0.5-1g glycerin, 1g EDTA/2NH,
Then, several drops of an antifoaming agent are added, and the mixture is pulverized and mixed for 24 hours using a ball mill. Furthermore, 6 to 12 g of a water-soluble acrylic binder is added, and the mixture is pulverized and mixed for about 2 hours to prepare a viscous body.

Next, while vacuum degassing the two types of viscous materials, the viscosity is 9.
Adjust so that it becomes 00 to 3000 Po1s. These viscous substances are filled into separate dispensers and applied onto the shaft 2 by the above-mentioned operation. In addition.

In the coating process, the diameter of the discharge part of the dispenser is 0°8 mm.
Pressurization is performed at an air pressure of 1 to 2 kg/(m'), the circumferential speed of the shaft is 1 to 5 mm/sec, the gap between the surface of the shaft and the discharge part is 0.4 to 0.8 mm, The overlapping width of the viscous bodies A and B was set to -0.2 to +0.2 mm.This overlapping width was adjusted depending on the viscosity of the viscous bodies.

Figures 2 (a) to (d) show cross-sections of the shafts coated with the viscous material, and show how the viscous material spreads. (See figure c)
, in the end, the ceramics at the joint penetrate into the other side, and the boundary becomes a composition gradient and becomes integrated.
'El (see figure d).The shaft is rotated at the above speed until the coating is completed, so that the viscous material adheres to the surface of the shaft with a uniform thickness. .

Once the adhesion is complete, it is further rotated for a certain period of time to dry and reach the desired hardness, and then pulled out from the @ and fired.
It is easier to pull out if a slope of about /100 is provided.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the structure of an embodiment of claim 2. In FIG. 0, the same elements as in FIG. 1 are given the same numbers.

The difference from FIG. 1 is that two types of dispensers, 31 and 32, are provided, and a mixer 10 is provided at their discharge ports 3b and 3c, and a signal cable 7e for controlling the discharge amount of this mixer.
This is the one with the . Here, the viscous material is a third ceramic material C and a metal (for example, stainless steel...hereinafter).

A viscous body consisting of powder (referred to as D) is used.

First, apply only viscous material C to the area indicated by C, then apply 80% C in area C, 20% C and 60% C in area b.
, C40%, 050% and C50% in the area a, b
- in the area! 1D60%.

C40% and C- regions are mixed at a ratio of C80% and C020%, and in the region D, only the beam metal is applied to form a tube having a gradient composition in the center. By closing the ceramic side of such a tube, one side has heat resistance and the other side can be machined, so it can be used as a protection tube for a thermometer.

In this embodiment, the support device side is designated as X and Y.

Although the diagram shows application by moving in two directions, it is also possible to fix the support device side and move the side supporting the dispenser. In that case, the dispenser can be fixed to something like a robot arm, for example. .

FIG. 4 is a partially cross-sectional perspective view showing an embodiment of the actuator according to claim 3. In FIG. 0, A is a ceramic member with a large piezoelectric constant, B is a ceramic member with a small piezoelectric constant, and is produced by the apparatus according to claim 1 or 2 above.

Here, ceramic materials having different piezoelectric constants will be briefly explained. These ceramic materials A and B are, for example, P
b (Nb27s Nlt/3) Owl PbTi0
．． -PbZr03 ceramics (7) can be obtained by adjusting the mixing ratio. FIG. 5 shows the phase diagram of the above-mentioned ceramic material. In FIG. 6, where the material marked at each vertex of the triangle is 100% of each material, each code corresponds to the following area.

A: Antiferroelectric phase Fpc: Ferroelectric phase (#i cubic) FR: Ferroelectric phase (rhombohedral) FT2 ferroelectric phase (tetragonal) P: Paraelectric phase MPB: Phase boundary Figure 5 It is known that the piezoelectric constant is large in the region indicated by the nine-dot line in the figure, and generally the piezoelectric constant becomes smaller as the distance from this region increases.

Next, the principle of this actuator will be explained using the diaphragm 36 shown in FIG.

In Fig. 6, A is a ceramic member with a large piezoelectric constant, and B is a ceramic member with a small piezoelectric constant of 0 thickness.
．． They are made of NM of about 2 mm and are joined alternately with one width t. The first of these has a periodic structure consisting of four thin plates.
．． The second group 50°51 is a ceramic member of A or B, which is the same thickness as the thin plate and a width of 1/2t.
! It is divided by 1F35. The side surfaces of the ceramic members A and B forming the thin plates are arranged to face each other with the separation strip 35 in between. 15a is a common electrode formed on one surface of the bending plate 36, and 15b and 15c are first electrodes formed on the other surface except for the common area C. This is the second electrode.

In the above configuration.

V t = Vo 5iF1(ω
t).

V 1 = V o C03 (ωt) at the second electrode 15c
When an alternating current voltage with a 90° phase is applied to the diaphragm 36, the four adjacent piezoelectric bodies in each group warp in opposite directions, creating a bending wave with a wavelength λ as shown in FIG. 6(b). A traveling wave is generated.

This motion becomes an elliptical motion if we focus on one point on the inner wall.

FIGS. 7(a-f) show a state in which the diaphragm 36 and the flat plate 37 are combined to form flow #I38.

The liquid can be moved in the opposite direction to the traveling direction by the reaction of the movement of the traveling wave. In this case, the flow velocity has a phase difference of π/
It is maximum when it is 2 or 1π/2.

8(a) to (d) show the state in which the ceramic materials A and B are formed into a cylindrical shape, electrodes are provided on the inner and outer peripheries, and an AC voltage is applied from the AC power source 40 to the cylinder 39. vibrations as shown by the arrows occur.

Here, the actuator of the present invention shown in FIG. 4 will be explained. FIG. 4 shows the diaphragm shown in FIG. 6 formed into a cylindrical shape. That is, ceramics A.

A ring 41 having a predetermined width in which B is wound twice, and a ring 42 of a similar size in which A and B are superimposed in the same order are formed next to this ring 41. A first group 50a is formed by arranging four pieces alternately. The four rings arranged so that the ring wound in the same way as the ring on the end face of the first group 50a is located on the end face.
a second group of rings; and a second group of rings; It is arranged between the second group 50a and 51b, is formed of either member A or B, and has a width of 1/2 of the ring.

And a third ring (separation band) formed with the same thickness.
35a.

Although omitted in Figure 9, there is a sixth ring on the inner and outer circumferences of the ring.
Electrodes shall be provided in the same way as in the figure.

In the above configuration, the first. a second group of rings 50a;
If we add a sinusoidal wave whose phase is shifted by π/2 to 50b and cause it to expand and contract in the diametrical direction with a time delay, a traveling wave as shown in Fig. 9 will be generated in this actuator, and the liquid will be transported. It is possible to realize a pump that does this.

Note that in this embodiment, the width of the third ring (separation band) is the same as the width of the third ring (separation band). Make it 1/2 the width of the second ring.

1st. Although voltages with a phase shift of 90' were applied to the two periodic structure rings in the second group, the present invention is not limited to this example. It may be driven by three-phase alternating current, and a separator of a predetermined width may be sandwiched between groups of n periodic structures.
It is also possible to drive with phase alternating current.

<Effects of the Invention> As specifically explained above in conjunction with the embodiments, the present invention includes a control means for moving the discharge port of the dispenser relative to the axis and controlling the discharge amount of the viscous material. By doing so, it is possible to join multiple types of viscous materials at the side surfaces or laminated parts, or to install mixers at the discharge ports of multiple dispensers and continuously control the discharge amount of multiple types of viscous materials discharged into the mixer. By changing the composition distribution, actuators and functionally graded members with complex composition distributions can be freely manufactured. Furthermore, the actuator (piezoelectric pump) of the present invention can easily change the flow direction.
There are no heavy moving parts or seal parts, allowing for miniaturization.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the construction of an embodiment of claim 1 of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a view showing how the ceramic viscous material spreads when applied on the shaft, and Fig. 3 is one of the embodiments of claim 2. FIG. 4 is a partially sectional perspective view showing an embodiment of the actuator according to claim 3. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a phase diagram of a ceramic material, and FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of a diaphragm showing the principle of this actuator. Figure 7 shows a flow path formed by combining a diaphragm and a flat plate, and Figure 8 shows a cylindrical shape made of different types of ceramic materials, electrodes provided on the inner and outer peripheries, and AC voltage applied. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the operation when an alternating current voltage is applied to the actuator shown in FIG. 4. 1... Support device, 2... Shaft, 3.31.32...
Dispenser, 3 a + 3 b, 3 c...
Discharge part, 5...control means, lO...mixer, 35a
...Third ring. 41...first ring, 42...second ring, 5
0a...first group, 51a...second group,
A: first ceramic material, B: second ceramic material, C: third ceramic material, D: viscous metal body. Fig. 1, Lisuke fLf flame A ha cooking t = Aorru J, -44; ) Figure (b) (6) (b) (C) (d) (a)

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) A plurality of types of viscous bodies prepared by mixing a plurality of types of powder raw materials, a binder, and a solvent, a plurality of dispensers filled with each of the viscous bodies, and a lower part of the discharge port of the dispenser. an axis placed in , rotate that axis, and
A driving device for relatively moving the shaft or the dispenser in three axial directions, and a control means for controlling the rotation and axial movement speed of the shaft and the discharge amount of the dispenser, Viscous body on the side,
Alternatively, a method for producing a functionally graded material characterized by joining at a laminated portion. 2) A plurality of types of viscous bodies prepared by mixing a plurality of types of powder raw materials, a binder, and a solvent, a plurality of dispensers filled with each of the viscous bodies, and a mixer provided at the discharge ports of these dispensers. , a shaft disposed below the discharge port of the mixer, a drive device for rotating the shaft and moving the shaft or the dispenser in three axial directions, and controlling the speed of rotation and axial movement of the shaft. and a control means for controlling the amount of discharge from the dispenser to the mixer and the amount of discharge from the mixer, and joining the plurality of types of viscous bodies at a side surface or a laminated portion. Method of manufacturing the material. 3) A first ring having a predetermined width in which a ceramic member with a large piezoelectric constant and a ceramic member with a small piezoelectric constant are wound in an overlapping manner; A second ring of similar size wound in the reverse order, and four of these first and second rings are arranged alternately to form a first group, and the same ring as the end face ring of the first group is formed. A second group in which four of the first and second rings are arranged such that the wound ring is located on the end face, and a second group that is arranged between the first and second groups, and one of the ceramic members. formed by said first and second
A third ring is formed between the rings with a predetermined width and approximately the same thickness, and includes means for applying a phase-shifted sine wave to the rings of the first and second groups. An actuator formed by the manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2.