JPH036793B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH036793B2
JPH036793B2 JP23015982A JP23015982A JPH036793B2 JP H036793 B2 JPH036793 B2 JP H036793B2 JP 23015982 A JP23015982 A JP 23015982A JP 23015982 A JP23015982 A JP 23015982A JP H036793 B2 JPH036793 B2 JP H036793B2
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Prior art keywords
gel
carrier
immobilized
enzyme
glass
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JPS59125894A (en
Inventor
Hajime Etani
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Shimadzu Corp
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Shimadzu Corp
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Priority to JP23015982A priority Critical patent/JPS59125894A/en
Priority to DE8383304391T priority patent/DE3376223D1/en
Priority to EP83304391A priority patent/EP0100660B1/en
Publication of JPS59125894A publication Critical patent/JPS59125894A/en
Publication of JPH036793B2 publication Critical patent/JPH036793B2/ja
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/53Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
    • G01N33/543Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
    • G01N33/551Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals the carrier being inorganic
    • G01N33/552Glass or silica
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C11/00Multi-cellular glass ; Porous or hollow glass or glass particles
    • C03C11/002Hollow glass particles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/02Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier

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  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Cell Biology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Immobilizing And Processing Of Enzymes And Microorganisms (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 この発明は、多孔性ゲル状担体及びその用途に
関する。さらに詳しくは、酵素固定化用として好
適な活性の優れた多孔性ゲル状担体及びそれを用
いた固定化酵素に関する。 最近、酵素等のペプチド含有化合物をガラス担
体に固定化した固定化酵素が診断用や合成用のバ
イオリアクターとして用いられるようになつてき
た。これらの固定化酵素の製造法としては、溶融
法によつて予め得られたSiO2系ガラスの表面を
アルカリ処理して水酸基を生成させ、これに例え
ばアミノアルキル基を導入しこれに酵素を付加し
て固定させる方法が知られており実用化されてい
る。 しかし上記従来の方法においてはガラス表面に
水酸基を生成させる工程が必要であり、それによ
つて生成しうる水酸基の単位面積当りの量は限度
があつて酵素等の固定量を増大し活性の高い固定
化酵素を得ることが困難であつた。 この点に関し、この発明の発明者は先に、アル
コキシシラン等の金属アルコキシドを原料としこ
れを加水分解した際に得られる多孔性のガラス様
ゲル状化合物を担体とすることにより水酸基を導
入する工程を行なうことなく活性の高い固定化酵
素が得られる事実を見出した。これは、上記ガラ
ス様ゲル状化合物は対応する水酸化金属化合物や
その低縮合物からなるためそれ自身非常に多数の
水酸基を有しておりその結果酵素の固定化能が増
加するものと考えられる。 この発明は、上記知見を更に発展させることに
よりなされたものである。すなわち金属アルコキ
シドからのガラス様ゲル状化合物製造の際に、フ
ツ化水素を接触させることにより、水酸化金属化
合物及び/又はその縮合物にフツ素原子が置換導
入された一種のフツ化ガラス様ゲル状化合物が得
られ、その導入割合を少量とした際に得られるフ
ツ化ガラス様ゲル状化合物が、フツ素化していな
いものに比して水酸基の反応性が優れており酵素
等の固定化能がさらに増加する事実を見い出すこ
とによりなされたものである。 かくしてこの発明によれば、アルコキシシラン
を加水分解して生成するガラス様ゲル状の水酸化
金属化合物及び/又はその縮合物における一部の
水酸基がフツ素原子で置換されてなる活性の優れ
た多孔性ゲル状担体が提供される。さらに上記多
孔性ゲル状担体を用いてなる活性の優れた固定化
酵素が提供される。 この発明における金属アルコキシドとしては、
ガラス製造分野やセラミツクス製造分野における
原料として知られたアルコキシシランが種々適用
でき、具体的にはSi(OCH34、Si(OC2H54等の
低級アルコキシシランを用いるのが通常好適であ
る。なお、これら二種以上の混合物を用いてもさ
しつかえはない。 この発明の多孔性ゲル状担体は、アルコキシシ
ランを加水分解してゲル状化合物とする際に、フ
ツ化水素を反応に関与させることにより得られ
る。より具体的には加水分解触媒を任意に有する
水性溶媒中に、アルコキシシランを混合して加水
分解させつつ少量のフツ化水素酸を添加混合した
後、徐々に溶媒や触媒を除去させることにより得
られる。また、ゲル状化合物とした後にフツ化水
素酸を接触させて表面のシラノール基の一部をフ
ツ素置換することも可能である。 例えば低級アルコキシシランを用いる場合に
は、水を含む揮発性の親水性溶媒(例えば含水メ
タノールや含水エタノール)中でかつ酸性下(例
えば、加水分解触媒としての塩酸等の無機酸を添
加してPH1〜3程度とするのが好ましい)の緩和
な条件下(例えば室温下)でアルコキシドの加水
分解を開始すると同時に少量のフツ化水素酸を添
加し80℃程度に加温しつつ徐々に生成アルコー
ル、溶媒、無機酸及び未反応のフツ化水素を蒸発
しかつ充分に乾燥させることにより得られる。な
お、場合によつては水分は空気中から供給される
ため水を含ませなくてもよい。水のみで加水分解
を行なうことも可能であるが、この場合は加水分
解が不均一になる惧れがありさらに、ゲル状物の
乾燥上不利であり好ましくない。 他のアルコキシシランにおいても基本的に同様
にして意図する多孔性ゲル状担体を得ることがで
きる。 かようなフツ化水素の接触処理により、アルコ
キシシランの加水分解物である水酸化金属化合物
及び/又はその縮合物(ガラス様ゲル状化合物)
における一部の水酸基(エーテル結合も含む)が
フツ素原子で置換され、フツ素原子を化学的に結
合したこの発明の多孔性ゲル状担体が得られる。
この際置換導入するフツ素原子は少量であること
が必要である。この少量としては、原料のアルコ
キシシラン(1モル)に対するモル比として表わ
せば0.05〜1.0モル程度が適切であり、0.2モル前
後が最も好ましい。0.05モル以下ではフツ素原子
導入による効果が不充分で好ましくなく、1.0モ
ルを越えると水酸化金属化合物及び/又はその縮
合物における水酸基の置換度が過剰となり以後の
反応に関与しうる水酸基の量が実質的に減少する
ため好ましくない。 このようにして得られたこの発明の多孔性ゲル
状担体は、基本的に多数の水酸基を有するゲル状
化合物からなるため、従来のガラスを担体とする
ものに比して反応性が良好である。さらに、その
水酸基やエーテル結合の一部はフツ素原子で置換
されているため、単なるゲル状化合物に比して活
性はより優れている。なお、フツ素原子の導入に
よる効果は、アルコキシシランで説明すれば下式
()に示されるように、 水酸化金属化合物やその縮合物に少量置換導入さ
れたフツ素原子の誘起効果(効果)によつて隣
接するシラノールの水酸基の分極の程度が大きく
なつて水素原子が活性となり、反応性がより上昇
するものと信じられる。さらに、前述のごとくフ
ツ化水素を合成反応に関与させて得たゲル状化合
物の多孔度は、フツ化水素の反応モル比によつて
若干変化させることができるが、いずれにおいて
も単なるゲル状化合物のものよりも多孔であるこ
とからそれによる表面積の増加による効果も加わ
つているものと考えられる。 このようにして得られたこの発明の多孔性ゲル
状担体は、そのまま用いてもよく、微粒子状に粉
砕して用いてもよく、液体クロマトグラフイーや
その他の各種のクロマトグラフイーのカラム充填
材の基材として有用であり、また、酵素、抗原、
抗体等の固定化用担体としても有用である。こと
に酵素等を用いたアルコール、アミノ酸、水素等
有用化学物質生産用の固定化担体として低コスト
で高活性を有するものを提供できる。 このゲル状担体にシランカツプリング剤を反応
させ、その反応物に酵素を固定化することにより
この発明の固定化酵素が得られる。 上記ゲル状担体に反応させるシランカツプリン
グ剤としては、アミノ基、チオール基、エポキシ
基などの管能性基を有する当該分野で公知のシラ
ン誘導体が適用でき、具体的にはγ−アミノプロ
ピルトリエトキシシラン、γ−クロロプロピルト
リメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、
γ−グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、
N−β−(アミノエチル)−γ−アミノプロピルト
リメトキシシラン等が使用される。かようなシラ
ンカツプリング剤との反応は、当該分野で公知の
条件下で行なわれる。例えばγ−アミノプロピル
トリメトキシシランを用いた場合、このカツプリ
ング剤を水に溶解して約10%水溶液としかつPHを
3〜5に調整した後、この溶液に充分に乾燥され
た前記ゲル状担体又はその粉砕物を加え加温下混
合して数時間処理した後水洗して未反応のカツプ
リング剤を除去することにより得られる。 上記、シランカツプリング剤を導入したゲル状
担体は、それ自身従来のガラスに導入したものに
比して担体として多くのカツプリング基を有して
おり、酵素等との反応活性が高く固定化酵素用担
体やカラム充填材として有用なものである。 このようにして処理されたゲル状担体に公知の
方法で酵素が固定化される。例えば、カツプリン
グ剤としてγ−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラ
ンを用いてアミノアルキル基を水酸基にエステル
結合で多数導入したゲル状担体を用いる場合、上
記アミノアルキル基にグルタルアルデビドを用い
てアルデビド基を有するシツフベースを導入し、
これに酵素等を接触させてアルデビド基と酵素等
のアミノ基間でさらにシツフベースを形成させて
結合することにより固定化を行なうことができ、
これ以外にもアミノアルキル基をジアゾ化して芳
香族アミノ基を導入しこれに酵素等を固定化して
もよく、またカルボジイミドを用いてアミノアル
キル基と酵素等との間に直接ペプチド結合を行な
い固定化を行なつてもよく酵素等の種類に応じて
適宜選択すればよい。他のカツプリング剤使用時
にも同様に直接又は適宜変換したカツプリング基
によつて酵素等を固定化することができる。 固定化用の酵素としては具体的にはグルコース
オキシダーゼ、ウリカーゼ、ウレアーゼ、クレア
チニナーゼ、CoA−シンテターゼ、CoA−オキ
シダーゼ、コレステロールオキシダーゼ、コレス
テロールヒドロラーゼ等が挙げられるが限定され
ることはなく、抗原や抗体を固定化することもで
きる。 このようにして得られた固定化酵素(固定化ガ
ラス)は従来の固定化酵素と同様に、種々の形態
で診断用や合成用のバイオリアクターとして有用
であり、さらに従来の固定化酵素に比して担体当
りの酵素等の固定量は多くバイオリアクターとし
ての能力が増大されたものである。 以上述べたように、この発明の多孔性ゲル状担
体及び固定化酵素は従来に比していずれも反応性
や活性に優れたものであり、またその安定性も優
れておりさらに簡便に製造できるため極めて有用
である。ことに担体としては従来のガラス担体に
比して製造コストは1/10以下と極めて安価であ
る。 以下、この発明を実施例により説明する。 実施例 1 (多孔性ゲル状担体の製造) テトラエトキシシランSi(OC2H540.52モル、
エタノール1.72モル、水1.82モル、塩酸0.028モル
及びフツ化水素酸0.058〜0.115モルの混合物(PH
約1)を室温下で均一になるまで数十分混合撹拌
した。 次いで80℃のウオーターバス中で3昼夜加熱し
て加水分解反応で生じたエチルアルコール、水及
び残存する塩酸や未反応の微量のフツ化水素酸を
蒸発することにより約30gのこの発明のガラス様
多孔性ゲル状担体を得た。 (アミノアルキル化) 上記で得られたゲル状担体を粉砕して120/200
メツシユのビーズを得た。 5wt%のγ−アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラ
ン水溶液を5N塩酸でPH3.5に調整し、この溶液45
mlに対し上記ビーズ状ゲル状物を各々5g投入
し、さらにPH3.5になるように調整した。この混
合物を、撹拌機、温度計、ジムロートを付設した
四ツ口フラスコに入れウオーターバスで温度を75
℃に保ち、撹拌させながら3時間反応を行なつ
た。反応終了後、ビーズを吸引メンブランフイル
ターに移し、1の蒸留水で未反応のγ−アミノ
プロピルトリエトキシシランを除去した後、デシ
ケーターで乾燥させてアミノアルキル化ゲル状担
体を得た。このアミノアルキル化ゲル状物はデシ
ケーター内で保存する。 (酵素の固定化) 上記アミノアルキル化ゲル状担体(ビーズ状)
を二管能性のグルタルアルデヒド(2.5wt%)の
リン酸塩緩衝溶液(PH7.0)に浸漬し、アスピレ
ータで減圧させつつ約30分撹拌下反応させた。続
いてさらに約30分常圧で撹拌下反応させた。反応
温度は30℃であつた。これをPH7.0のリン酸塩緩
衝液で充分に洗浄し、乾燥させた。この処理によ
りゲル状物にアルデヒド基を有するシツフベース
が導入される。 得られたゲル状物を1mg/ml(グルコースオキ
シダーゼ/PH7.0リン酸塩緩衝液)中に浸漬し、
25℃下まず30分減圧下で緩やかに撹拌して反応を
行ない、続いて60分常圧下で緩かに撹拌して固定
化反応を行なつた。この処理によりグルコールオ
キシダーゼのアミノ基が反応に関与し、担体(ゲ
ル状物)のアルデヒド基とさらにシツフベースを
形成し固定化される。このようにしてこの発明の
グルコースオキシダーゼ固定化ゲル状物(固定化
酵素)が得られた。 このようにして得られた固定化酵素の活性の経
時変化をポーラログラフイーで測定した結果を第
1図に示す。なお測定条件は以下の通りである。 試験液:β−D(+)−グルコース300mg 測定温度:28℃ 保存温度:4℃ なお、測定は固定化酵素1gを試験液11mlと共
に5分間撹拌混合し、その10mlをメンブランフイ
ルターで別した後滴下水銀電極によるポーラロ
グラフイーで行なつた。酸素反応で発生した
H2O2の半波電位は0.85(vs)Ag/AgCl電極とし
た。 このように2ケ月半を経過してもその活性に変
化は見られなかつた。 一方、同様にして、フツ素原子を導入しないゲ
ル状担体を用いた固定化酵素との比較を行なつた
結果を第2図に示す(1は実施例、2は比較例)。
このように、フツ素原子を導入しない同様な固定
化酵素に比してこの発明の固定化酵素は約2.5倍
の活性を有することが判る。 実施例 2 実施例1と同様にしてHF/Si(CO2H54がモル
比で0.1〜0.5の条件下で反応を行ないこの発明の
多孔性ゲル状担体をそれぞれ得た。これらの担体
について前記と同様にしてグルコースオキシダー
ゼを固定化して固定化酵素を得た。これらの固定
化酵素の活性と前記モル比との関係を第3図に示
す。なお活性の測定も前記に準じた。 このように、酵素活性が担体製造時のフツ化水
素酸の量に影響を受けており、ことにモル比が
0.2近傍で最大活性(ブランクに比して約7倍程
度)が示されていることが判る。また、担体製造
時に塩酸等の無機酸を添加することが好ましいこ
とが判る。 なお、モル比0.1及び0.5の際に得られる多孔性
ゲル状担体のSEM像(20000倍)を第4図及び第
5図に示した。また、第6図はフツ素原子を導入
していない多孔性ゲル状担体のSEM像(20000
倍)である。このように、この発明の担体はその
表面多孔度もフツ素原子を導入していないものに
比してより多孔であることが判る。 実施例 3 実施例2で得られた多孔性ゲル状担体(ガラス
ビーズ状)のESCA(X線光電子スペクトル)に
よる分析チヤートを第7図に示す。(Aは走査速
度2eV/secであり、Bは走査速度1eV/secであ
る)。なお、ESCAの測定条件は以下の通りであ
る。 ターゲツト:Mg 加速電圧:8kV フイラメント:30mA Arエツチング条件: 加速電圧 2kV エミツシヨン 30mA 時間 15分 このように、結合エネルギーが700eV近傍にフ
ツ素原子によるピークが観察されることから、フ
ツ素原子が化学的に結合していることが判る。ま
た、表1は、ESCAのスペクトルのF1SとSi2Sピー
クの強度比をバルクステートとパウダーステート
で比較したもので、両者の強度比の値が近接して
いることから、この発明の多孔性ゲル状担体は、
表面のみならず全体がフツ素化合物になつている
ことが判る。 【表】
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a porous gel-like carrier and its use. More specifically, the present invention relates to a porous gel-like carrier with excellent activity suitable for enzyme immobilization and an immobilized enzyme using the same. Recently, immobilized enzymes in which peptide-containing compounds such as enzymes are immobilized on glass carriers have come to be used as bioreactors for diagnosis and synthesis. The method for producing these immobilized enzymes involves treating the surface of SiO 2 glass previously obtained by a melting method with alkali to generate hydroxyl groups, introducing aminoalkyl groups into this, and adding enzymes to this. A method of fixing it is known and has been put to practical use. However, the conventional method described above requires a step to generate hydroxyl groups on the glass surface, and there is a limit to the amount of hydroxyl groups that can be generated per unit area. It was difficult to obtain the converting enzyme. In this regard, the inventor of the present invention first developed a process for introducing hydroxyl groups by using a porous glass-like gel-like compound obtained by hydrolyzing a metal alkoxide such as an alkoxysilane as a raw material as a carrier. We have discovered that highly active immobilized enzymes can be obtained without carrying out any steps. This is thought to be because the glass-like gel-like compound is composed of the corresponding metal hydroxide compound or its low condensate and therefore has a very large number of hydroxyl groups, which increases the ability to immobilize enzymes. . This invention was made by further developing the above knowledge. In other words, a type of fluorinated glass-like gel in which fluorine atoms are substituted and introduced into a metal hydroxide compound and/or its condensate by contacting with hydrogen fluoride during the production of a glass-like gel-like compound from a metal alkoxide. A fluorinated glass-like gel-like compound obtained when a small amount of the compound is introduced has superior reactivity of hydroxyl groups compared to non-fluorinated compounds, and has the ability to immobilize enzymes, etc. This was done by discovering the fact that the Thus, according to the present invention, a highly active porous compound is obtained by replacing some of the hydroxyl groups with fluorine atoms in a glass-like gel-like metal hydroxide compound and/or condensate thereof produced by hydrolyzing an alkoxysilane. A gel-like carrier is provided. Furthermore, an immobilized enzyme with excellent activity is provided using the above-mentioned porous gel-like carrier. The metal alkoxide in this invention includes:
Various alkoxysilanes known as raw materials in the glass manufacturing field and ceramic manufacturing field can be used, and specifically, it is usually preferable to use lower alkoxysilanes such as Si(OCH 3 ) 4 and Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 4 It is. Note that a mixture of two or more of these may also be used. The porous gel-like carrier of the present invention can be obtained by involving hydrogen fluoride in the reaction when hydrolyzing alkoxysilane to form a gel-like compound. More specifically, the alkoxysilane is mixed into an aqueous solvent optionally containing a hydrolysis catalyst, and a small amount of hydrofluoric acid is added and mixed while the alkoxysilane is hydrolyzed, and then the solvent and catalyst are gradually removed. It will be done. It is also possible to convert some of the silanol groups on the surface into a gel-like compound by contacting it with hydrofluoric acid to replace it with fluorine. For example, when using a lower alkoxysilane, it is necessary to reduce the pH by adding an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid as a hydrolysis catalyst in a volatile hydrophilic solvent containing water (e.g., aqueous methanol or aqueous ethanol) and under acidic conditions (e.g., adding an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid as a hydrolysis catalyst). Hydrolysis of the alkoxide is started under mild conditions (for example, at room temperature) under mild conditions (preferably about 3 to 3 degrees Celsius), and at the same time a small amount of hydrofluoric acid is added and heated to about 80°C, the resulting alcohol is gradually heated. It is obtained by evaporating the solvent, inorganic acid and unreacted hydrogen fluoride and thoroughly drying it. Note that in some cases, water may not be included because the water is supplied from the air. Although it is possible to carry out hydrolysis with water alone, in this case there is a risk that the hydrolysis will be uneven, and furthermore, it is disadvantageous in terms of drying of the gel-like material, which is not preferable. For other alkoxysilanes, the intended porous gel-like carrier can be obtained basically in the same manner. Through such contact treatment with hydrogen fluoride, a metal hydroxide compound which is a hydrolyzate of alkoxysilane and/or its condensate (glass-like gel compound) is produced.
A part of the hydroxyl groups (including ether bonds) in is substituted with fluorine atoms to obtain the porous gel-like carrier of the present invention in which the fluorine atoms are chemically bonded.
At this time, it is necessary that the amount of fluorine atoms introduced by substitution be small. This small amount is suitably about 0.05 to 1.0 mol, most preferably about 0.2 mol, expressed as a molar ratio to the raw material alkoxysilane (1 mol). If it is less than 0.05 mol, the effect of introducing fluorine atoms will be insufficient and undesirable, and if it exceeds 1.0 mol, the degree of substitution of hydroxyl groups in the metal hydroxide compound and/or its condensate will be excessive, and the amount of hydroxyl groups that can participate in subsequent reactions. is not preferable because it substantially decreases. The porous gel-like carrier of the present invention thus obtained basically consists of a gel-like compound having a large number of hydroxyl groups, and therefore has better reactivity than conventional glass-based carriers. . Furthermore, since some of its hydroxyl groups and ether bonds are substituted with fluorine atoms, its activity is superior to that of simple gel-like compounds. Furthermore, the effect of introducing fluorine atoms can be explained using alkoxysilane as shown in the following formula (). Due to the inducing effect (effect) of a small amount of fluorine atoms substituted into metal hydroxide compounds and their condensates, the degree of polarization of the hydroxyl groups of adjacent silanol increases, making hydrogen atoms active and further increasing reactivity. I believe that you will. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the porosity of the gel-like compound obtained by involving hydrogen fluoride in the synthesis reaction can be slightly changed depending on the reaction molar ratio of hydrogen fluoride, but in any case, the porosity of the gel-like compound obtained by involving hydrogen fluoride in the synthesis reaction can be changed slightly by changing the reaction molar ratio of hydrogen fluoride. Since it is more porous than other materials, it is thought that the effect of increased surface area is also added. The porous gel-like carrier of the present invention thus obtained may be used as it is, or may be crushed into fine particles and used as a column packing material for liquid chromatography and other various chromatographies. It is useful as a base material for enzymes, antigens,
It is also useful as a carrier for immobilizing antibodies and the like. In particular, it is possible to provide a low-cost, high-activity immobilization carrier for producing useful chemical substances such as alcohol, amino acids, and hydrogen using enzymes. The immobilized enzyme of the present invention can be obtained by reacting a silane coupling agent with this gel-like carrier and immobilizing the enzyme on the reaction product. As the silane coupling agent to be reacted with the gel carrier, silane derivatives known in the art having functional groups such as amino groups, thiol groups, and epoxy groups can be used. Ethoxysilane, γ-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane,
γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane,
N-β-(aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and the like are used. Reactions with such silane coupling agents are conducted under conditions known in the art. For example, when γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane is used, this coupling agent is dissolved in water to make an approximately 10% aqueous solution and the pH is adjusted to 3 to 5, and then the gel-like carrier is thoroughly dried in this solution. Alternatively, it can be obtained by adding the pulverized product, mixing under heating, treating for several hours, and then washing with water to remove unreacted coupling agents. The above-mentioned gel-like carrier into which a silane coupling agent is introduced has more coupling groups as a carrier than those introduced into conventional glass, and has a high reaction activity with enzymes etc. It is useful as a carrier and column packing material. Enzymes are immobilized on the gel-like carrier thus treated by a known method. For example, when using a gel-like carrier in which γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is used as a coupling agent and a large number of aminoalkyl groups are introduced into hydroxyl groups through ester bonds, glutaraldebide is used for the aminoalkyl group to form a Schiff base having aldebide groups. introduced,
Immobilization can be carried out by contacting this with an enzyme or the like to further form a Schiff base between the aldebide group and the amino group of the enzyme, etc., and bonding.
In addition to this, it is also possible to diazotize the aminoalkyl group to introduce an aromatic amino group and immobilize the enzyme, etc., or to immobilize it by directly forming a peptide bond between the aminoalkyl group and the enzyme using carbodiimide. It may be selected as appropriate depending on the type of enzyme, etc. When using other coupling agents, enzymes and the like can be similarly immobilized directly or by appropriately converted coupling groups. Examples of enzymes for immobilization include, but are not limited to, glucose oxidase, uricase, urease, creatininase, CoA-synthetase, CoA-oxidase, cholesterol oxidase, cholesterol hydrolase, etc. Antigens and antibodies can also be fixed. The immobilized enzyme (immobilized glass) obtained in this way is useful in various forms as bioreactors for diagnosis and synthesis in the same way as conventional immobilized enzymes, and furthermore, compared to conventional immobilized enzymes, Therefore, the amount of enzymes etc. immobilized per carrier is large, and the capacity as a bioreactor is increased. As described above, the porous gel carrier and immobilized enzyme of the present invention both have superior reactivity and activity compared to conventional ones, and are also superior in stability and can be manufactured more easily. Therefore, it is extremely useful. In particular, as a carrier, the manufacturing cost is extremely low, less than 1/10 of that of conventional glass carriers. This invention will be explained below with reference to Examples. Example 1 (Production of porous gel carrier) Tetraethoxysilane Si (OC 2 H 5 ) 4 0.52 mol,
A mixture (PH
About 1) was mixed and stirred at room temperature for several minutes until it became homogeneous. Next, about 30 g of the glass-like material of the present invention was heated in a water bath at 80° C. for 3 days and nights to evaporate the ethyl alcohol and water produced by the hydrolysis reaction, as well as the remaining hydrochloric acid and trace amounts of unreacted hydrofluoric acid. A porous gel-like carrier was obtained. (Aminoalkylation) Grind the gel-like carrier obtained above to 120/200
Obtained mesh beads. A 5wt% γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane aqueous solution was adjusted to pH 3.5 with 5N hydrochloric acid, and this solution
5 g of each of the above bead-like gels were added per ml, and the pH was adjusted to 3.5. Place this mixture in a four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, thermometer, and Dimroth, and bring the temperature to 75°C with a water bath.
The reaction was carried out for 3 hours while maintaining the temperature at °C and stirring. After the reaction was completed, the beads were transferred to a suction membrane filter, unreacted γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane was removed with distilled water in Step 1, and then dried in a desiccator to obtain an aminoalkylated gel-like carrier. This aminoalkylated gel is stored in a desiccator. (Immobilization of enzyme) The above aminoalkylated gel-like carrier (bead-like)
was immersed in a phosphate buffer solution (PH7.0) of bifunctional glutaraldehyde (2.5 wt%), and reacted with stirring for about 30 minutes while reducing the pressure with an aspirator. Subsequently, the reaction was continued for about 30 minutes under stirring at normal pressure. The reaction temperature was 30°C. This was thoroughly washed with a phosphate buffer solution of pH 7.0 and dried. This treatment introduces Schiff base having an aldehyde group into the gel. The resulting gel was immersed in 1 mg/ml (glucose oxidase/PH7.0 phosphate buffer),
The reaction was first conducted at 25° C. with gentle stirring under reduced pressure for 30 minutes, and then the immobilization reaction was conducted with gentle stirring under normal pressure for 60 minutes. Through this treatment, the amino groups of the glycol oxidase participate in the reaction, and further form a Schiff base with the aldehyde groups of the carrier (gel-like material) to be immobilized. In this way, the glucose oxidase-immobilized gel (immobilized enzyme) of the present invention was obtained. FIG. 1 shows the results of measuring the time-dependent changes in the activity of the immobilized enzyme thus obtained using polarography. The measurement conditions are as follows. Test solution: β-D(+)-glucose 300mg Measurement temperature: 28℃ Storage temperature: 4℃ The measurement was performed by stirring and mixing 1g of immobilized enzyme with 11ml of the test solution for 5 minutes, and then separating the 10ml with a membrane filter. This was done using polarography using a dropping mercury electrode. generated by an oxygen reaction
The half-wave potential of H 2 O 2 was 0.85 (vs) Ag/AgCl electrode. As described above, no change in the activity was observed even after two and a half months had passed. On the other hand, the results of a similar comparison with an immobilized enzyme using a gel-like carrier into which no fluorine atoms were introduced are shown in FIG. 2 (1 is an example, 2 is a comparative example).
Thus, it can be seen that the immobilized enzyme of the present invention has about 2.5 times the activity of a similar immobilized enzyme that does not introduce fluorine atoms. Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, the reaction was carried out under conditions where the molar ratio of HF/Si(CO 2 H 5 ) 4 was 0.1 to 0.5 to obtain porous gel-like carriers of the present invention. Glucose oxidase was immobilized on these carriers in the same manner as described above to obtain immobilized enzymes. The relationship between the activity of these immobilized enzymes and the molar ratio is shown in FIG. The activity was also measured in the same manner as described above. In this way, the enzyme activity is affected by the amount of hydrofluoric acid used during carrier production, especially the molar ratio.
It can be seen that the maximum activity (approximately 7 times that of the blank) is shown at around 0.2. Furthermore, it is found that it is preferable to add an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid during the production of the carrier. Incidentally, SEM images (20,000 times magnification) of the porous gel-like carrier obtained when the molar ratio is 0.1 and 0.5 are shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. In addition, Figure 6 shows an SEM image (20000
times). Thus, it can be seen that the surface porosity of the carrier of the present invention is higher than that of the carrier without fluorine atoms introduced therein. Example 3 An analysis chart of the porous gel-like carrier (glass beads) obtained in Example 2 by ESCA (X-ray photoelectron spectrum) is shown in FIG. (A is a scan rate of 2 eV/sec, B is a scan rate of 1 eV/sec). The measurement conditions for ESCA are as follows. Target: Mg Accelerating voltage: 8kV Filament: 30mA Ar etching conditions: Accelerating voltage 2kV Emission 30mA Time 15 minutes As shown above, a peak due to fluorine atoms is observed near the binding energy of 700eV, indicating that fluorine atoms are chemically It can be seen that it is connected to Furthermore, Table 1 compares the intensity ratios of the F 1S and Si 2S peaks of the ESCA spectrum in the bulk state and the powder state. The gel carrier is
It can be seen that not only the surface but the entire surface is made of fluorine compound. 【table】

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図はこの発明の固定化酵素の活性の経時変
化を示すグラフ、第2図は同じくグルコースの濃
度に対する活性の変化を比較例と共に示すグラ
フ、第3図はこの発明の固定化酵素におけるフツ
素原子導入による影響を示すグラフ、第4図及び
第5図はこの発明の多孔性ゲル状担体の多孔性表
面をそれぞれ例示する走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)
による拡大写真、第6図は比較例のゲル状担体の
多孔性表面を例示するSEMによ拡大写真、第7
図はこの発明の多孔性ゲル状担体のESCAスペク
トルを例示するグラフである。
FIG. 1 is a graph showing changes over time in the activity of the immobilized enzyme of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a graph showing changes in activity with respect to glucose concentration along with comparative examples, and FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in activity of the immobilized enzyme of the present invention. Graphs showing the effects of introducing elementary atoms, and FIGS. 4 and 5 are scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showing the porous surface of the porous gel-like carrier of the present invention, respectively.
Figure 6 is an enlarged SEM photograph illustrating the porous surface of the gel-like carrier of the comparative example. Figure 7 is an enlarged photograph taken by SEM.
The figure is a graph illustrating the ESCA spectrum of the porous gel-like carrier of the present invention.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 アルコキシシランを加水分解して生成するガ
ラス様ゲル状の水酸化金属化合物及び/又はその
縮合物における一部の水酸基がフツ素原子で置換
されてなる活性の優れた多孔性ゲル状酵素固定化
用担体。 2 シランカツプリング剤を介して固定化された
酵素を有する特許請求の範囲第1項記載の酵素固
定化用担体。
[Scope of Claims] 1. A porous material with excellent activity obtained by replacing some hydroxyl groups with fluorine atoms in a glass-like gel-like metal hydroxide compound and/or its condensate produced by hydrolyzing an alkoxysilane. A gel-like carrier for immobilizing enzymes. 2. The carrier for enzyme immobilization according to claim 1, which has an enzyme immobilized via a silane coupling agent.
JP23015982A 1982-07-29 1982-12-29 Porous gel carrier of high activity and immobilized enzyme Granted JPS59125894A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP23015982A JPS59125894A (en) 1982-12-29 1982-12-29 Porous gel carrier of high activity and immobilized enzyme
DE8383304391T DE3376223D1 (en) 1982-07-29 1983-07-29 A bioreactor and a process for the production thereof
EP83304391A EP0100660B1 (en) 1982-07-29 1983-07-29 A bioreactor and a process for the production thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP23015982A JPS59125894A (en) 1982-12-29 1982-12-29 Porous gel carrier of high activity and immobilized enzyme

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP4942983A Division JPS59128205A (en) 1983-03-24 1983-03-24 Manufacture of porous gelled support

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS59125894A JPS59125894A (en) 1984-07-20
JPH036793B2 true JPH036793B2 (en) 1991-01-30

Family

ID=16903515

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP23015982A Granted JPS59125894A (en) 1982-07-29 1982-12-29 Porous gel carrier of high activity and immobilized enzyme

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS59125894A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0728718B2 (en) * 1984-10-22 1995-04-05 株式会社島津製作所 Bioreactor element

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS59125894A (en) 1984-07-20

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