JPH037321A - 溶融押出式フイルム成形の膜厚制御装置 - Google Patents
溶融押出式フイルム成形の膜厚制御装置Info
- Publication number
- JPH037321A JPH037321A JP2075749A JP7574990A JPH037321A JP H037321 A JPH037321 A JP H037321A JP 2075749 A JP2075749 A JP 2075749A JP 7574990 A JP7574990 A JP 7574990A JP H037321 A JPH037321 A JP H037321A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- die
- film
- temperature
- die lip
- film forming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
- B29C48/87—Cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
- B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/32—Extrusion nozzles or dies with annular openings, e.g. for forming tubular articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
- B29C48/865—Heating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
- B29C2948/92114—Dimensions
- B29C2948/92152—Thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92009—Measured parameter
- B29C2948/92209—Temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92323—Location or phase of measurement
- B29C2948/92361—Extrusion unit
- B29C2948/92409—Die; Nozzle zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92323—Location or phase of measurement
- B29C2948/92428—Calibration, after-treatment, or cooling zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92609—Dimensions
- B29C2948/92647—Thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92504—Controlled parameter
- B29C2948/92704—Temperature
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
- B29C2948/92—Measuring, controlling or regulating
- B29C2948/92819—Location or phase of control
- B29C2948/92857—Extrusion unit
- B29C2948/92904—Die; Nozzle zone
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。
め要約のデータは記録されません。
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
[産業上の利用分野]
本発明は、溶融押出式フィルム成形時において、フィル
ムの偏肉を除去して、均一な厚さとなるように制御した
り、フィルムの厚さを、局部的に自在に制御したりしう
るようにした、合成樹脂製フィルムの膜厚制御装置に関
する。
ムの偏肉を除去して、均一な厚さとなるように制御した
り、フィルムの厚さを、局部的に自在に制御したりしう
るようにした、合成樹脂製フィルムの膜厚制御装置に関
する。
[従来の技術]
溶融樹脂をダイリップから吐出させ、徐々に薄膜化する
フィルムの製造時において、フィルムの偏肉の除去する
ために、リップの温度分布を変化させて、熱的に制御す
ることは公知である。
フィルムの製造時において、フィルムの偏肉の除去する
ために、リップの温度分布を変化させて、熱的に制御す
ることは公知である。
その一つに、リップ周辺に多数のヒータを配設し、これ
ら各ヒータの発熱量を変化させて、樹脂への与熱量を局
部的に調整することにより、樹脂の流動性や伸展性を変
化させ、偏肉を調整するものがある。
ら各ヒータの発熱量を変化させて、樹脂への与熱量を局
部的に調整することにより、樹脂の流動性や伸展性を変
化させ、偏肉を調整するものがある。
Claims (6)
- (1)ダイリップ近傍に複数個設られた加熱手段の発熱
量を個々に制御し、ダイリップ口縁の温度分布を変化さ
せて、フィルムの肉厚を制御するようにしたフィルム成
形用ダイにおいて、 加熱手段に近接して、ダイリップの近傍を冷却する冷却
手段を、ダイに複数個設けたことを特徴とする溶融押出
式フィルム成形の膜厚制御装置。 - (2)ダイリップ近傍に複数個設られた加熱手段の発熱
量を個々に制御し、ダイリップ口縁の温度分布を変化さ
せて、フィルムの肉厚を制御するようにしたフィルム成
形用ダイにおいて、 ダイリップに接近して溝付穴を多数設けて、それに加熱
手段を埋設し、さらに溝付穴の両端にダイの外側に通じ
る通孔を設けて、その一方の通孔を冷却手段に連結する
ことを特徴とする溶融押出式フィルム成形の膜厚制御装
置。 - (3)冷却手段が、ダイリップ口縁の温度を計る温度測
定手段に1対1で対応して、その温度測定手段によって
制御されている請求項(1)または(2)に記載の溶融
押出式フィルム成形の膜厚制御装置。 - (4)冷却手段が、気体を冷媒としてダイリップの近傍
を冷却している請求項(1)乃至(3)項のいずれかに
記載の溶融押出式フィルム成形の膜厚制御装置。 - (5)冷却手段が、液体を冷媒としてダイリップの近傍
を冷却している請求項(1)乃至(3)項のいずれかに
記載の溶融押出式フィルム成形の膜厚制御装置。 - (6)冷却手段が、気体と液体の混合物を冷媒としてダ
イリップの近傍を冷却している請求項(1)乃至(3)
項のいずれかに記載の溶融押出式フィルム成形の膜厚制
御装置。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2075749A JPH0698671B2 (ja) | 1989-03-30 | 1990-03-27 | 溶融押出式フイルム成形の膜厚制御装置 |
| US07/501,157 US5116211A (en) | 1989-03-30 | 1990-03-29 | Apparatus for controlling thickness of film formed by melt extrusion |
| EP90400876A EP0390696B1 (en) | 1989-03-30 | 1990-03-30 | Apparatus for controlling thickness of film formed by melt extrusion |
| DE69014953T DE69014953T2 (de) | 1989-03-30 | 1990-03-30 | Vorrichtung zum Kontrollieren der Schichtdicke von durch Schmelzextrusion hergestellten Folien. |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP7661789 | 1989-03-30 | ||
| JP1-76617 | 1989-03-30 | ||
| JP2075749A JPH0698671B2 (ja) | 1989-03-30 | 1990-03-27 | 溶融押出式フイルム成形の膜厚制御装置 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH037321A true JPH037321A (ja) | 1991-01-14 |
| JPH0698671B2 JPH0698671B2 (ja) | 1994-12-07 |
Family
ID=26416901
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2075749A Expired - Fee Related JPH0698671B2 (ja) | 1989-03-30 | 1990-03-27 | 溶融押出式フイルム成形の膜厚制御装置 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5116211A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0390696B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPH0698671B2 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69014953T2 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5586334A (en) * | 1991-06-10 | 1996-12-17 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for suspending and resuming software on a computer |
| JP2010030241A (ja) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-12 | Omron Corp | 温度センサの取付け構造 |
| CN104589629A (zh) * | 2014-11-29 | 2015-05-06 | 东电化日东(上海)电能源有限公司 | 用于打乱挤出的薄膜铸片的厚度分布的方法和挤出模头 |
| JP2024036815A (ja) * | 2022-09-06 | 2024-03-18 | 株式会社城北精工所 | 押出成形用ダイ |
Families Citing this family (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5462423A (en) * | 1993-04-13 | 1995-10-31 | Sencorp Systems, Inc. | Apparatus for non-mechanical die lip temperature adjustment in an extruder |
| US5622732A (en) * | 1993-04-13 | 1997-04-22 | Sencorp Systems Inc. | Foam sheet extrusion die apparatus, and system with adjustable choke area |
| US5468134A (en) * | 1993-12-01 | 1995-11-21 | Cree; Robert E. | Cooling and thickness control for extruded products |
| US5466402A (en) * | 1994-05-13 | 1995-11-14 | Corma Inc. | Gap adjustment of a plastic flow channel in a plastic part forming device |
| US5674440A (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 1997-10-07 | Graham Engineering Corporation | Die head with adjustable mandrel and method |
| DE20022174U1 (de) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-05-17 | Kdesign GmbH, 51371 Leverkusen | Vorrichtung zur Steuerung und Regelung des Dickenprofils bei der Blasfolienherstellung |
| ITMI20011902A1 (it) * | 2001-09-12 | 2003-03-12 | Electronic Systems Spa | Testa per l'estrusione di un film tubolare e metodo per regolare il profilo di spessore di un film tubolare estreso |
| DE10242175B4 (de) * | 2002-09-10 | 2005-01-05 | Windmöller & Hölscher Kg | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Herstellung selbstreinigender Folien im Blasverfahren |
| US7160094B2 (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2007-01-09 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Die assembly |
| US20050206031A1 (en) * | 2004-03-17 | 2005-09-22 | American Maplan Corporation | Extrusion die |
| US8414284B2 (en) * | 2011-01-04 | 2013-04-09 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Extruder and roller-die combination |
| US10770202B1 (en) * | 2013-02-21 | 2020-09-08 | Southwire Company, Llc | Striped cable and process and apparatus for making same |
| CN103862666B (zh) * | 2014-03-31 | 2016-02-10 | 浙江博尔塑胶有限公司 | 提高产品横向膜厚均匀性的吹膜模头 |
| CN105818361A (zh) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-08-03 | 合肥徽宝包装有限公司 | 一种吹膜头 |
| CN106003681A (zh) * | 2016-05-20 | 2016-10-12 | 合肥徽宝包装有限公司 | 一种塑料膜吹气装置 |
| CN111002558A (zh) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-04-14 | 江苏亚安新材料科技有限公司 | 一种聚酰亚胺生产用挤出装置及其使用方法 |
| JP7393281B2 (ja) * | 2020-03-31 | 2023-12-06 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | インフレーション成形装置 |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5759050A (en) * | 1980-09-24 | 1982-04-09 | Yasuo Kobayashi | Suction gas activation promotion device |
| JPS61132320A (ja) * | 1984-12-03 | 1986-06-19 | Toray Ind Inc | シ−ト状物押出し用ダイ |
| JPS62169615A (ja) * | 1986-01-22 | 1987-07-25 | Toray Ind Inc | シ−ト状物押出し用ダイ |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL7014565A (ja) * | 1970-10-05 | 1972-04-07 | ||
| DE2232930A1 (de) * | 1971-07-06 | 1973-02-01 | Hepworth Plastics Ltd | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von rohren unbedingt gleichmaessiger wandstaerke im strangpressverfahren |
| US3940221A (en) * | 1973-09-10 | 1976-02-24 | Welex Incorporated | Thickness control system for an extrusion die |
| DE3006566A1 (de) * | 1980-02-21 | 1981-08-27 | Windmöller & Hölscher, 4540 Lengerich | Verfahren zur regelung der foliendicke von in flachfolien-extrusionsanlagen hergestellten flachfolien |
| DE3014989C2 (de) * | 1980-04-18 | 1991-01-24 | Windmöller & Hölscher, 4540 Lengerich | Verfahren zur Steuerung der Foliendicke an einer Blasfolienextruderanlage |
| JPS5829624A (ja) * | 1981-08-13 | 1983-02-21 | Tomy Kikai Kogyo Kk | インフレ−シヨンフイルム用ダイ装置 |
| JPS6050133B2 (ja) * | 1981-11-05 | 1985-11-07 | 東芝機械株式会社 | 口金隙間調整方法 |
| NL8304451A (nl) * | 1983-12-27 | 1985-07-16 | Wavin Bv | Werkwijze en inrichting voor het regelen van de wanddikte van geextrudeerde kunststofbuis. |
| EP0180571A3 (en) * | 1984-09-11 | 1986-11-26 | Erwin Hartl | Extrusion die arrangement and automatic centering extrusion method |
| BE904036A (nl) * | 1986-01-14 | 1986-05-02 | Constructiewerkhuizen G Verbru | Werkwijze voor de regeling van de lipopening van een extrusiematrijs voor laagvormig materiaal en extrusiematrijs hierbij aangewend. |
| US4781562A (en) * | 1986-08-12 | 1988-11-01 | Toshiba Kikai Kabushiki Kaisha | Heat displacing type dies |
| DE3628974C1 (de) * | 1986-08-26 | 1988-02-25 | Schmidt Erwepa Maschf | Breitschlitzduese zum Extrudieren von Thermoplasten |
| US4882104A (en) * | 1987-04-03 | 1989-11-21 | Cincinnati Milacron, Inc. | Method of controlling the thickness of an extruded plastic article |
-
1990
- 1990-03-27 JP JP2075749A patent/JPH0698671B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-29 US US07/501,157 patent/US5116211A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-30 EP EP90400876A patent/EP0390696B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1990-03-30 DE DE69014953T patent/DE69014953T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5759050A (en) * | 1980-09-24 | 1982-04-09 | Yasuo Kobayashi | Suction gas activation promotion device |
| JPS61132320A (ja) * | 1984-12-03 | 1986-06-19 | Toray Ind Inc | シ−ト状物押出し用ダイ |
| JPS62169615A (ja) * | 1986-01-22 | 1987-07-25 | Toray Ind Inc | シ−ト状物押出し用ダイ |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5586334A (en) * | 1991-06-10 | 1996-12-17 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for suspending and resuming software on a computer |
| JP2010030241A (ja) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-12 | Omron Corp | 温度センサの取付け構造 |
| CN104589629A (zh) * | 2014-11-29 | 2015-05-06 | 东电化日东(上海)电能源有限公司 | 用于打乱挤出的薄膜铸片的厚度分布的方法和挤出模头 |
| JP2024036815A (ja) * | 2022-09-06 | 2024-03-18 | 株式会社城北精工所 | 押出成形用ダイ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0390696A2 (en) | 1990-10-03 |
| JPH0698671B2 (ja) | 1994-12-07 |
| DE69014953D1 (de) | 1995-01-26 |
| DE69014953T2 (de) | 1995-06-14 |
| EP0390696A3 (en) | 1991-04-17 |
| EP0390696B1 (en) | 1994-12-14 |
| US5116211A (en) | 1992-05-26 |
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