JPH0375598B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION FIELD The present invention relates to an unleaded high octane gasoline, and more particularly to a novel unleaded high octane gasoline having specified distillation properties and a specified component composition and excellent in various performances. Problems to be solved by conventional techniques and inventions The 90-91 unleaded regular gasoline that had been on the market since 1975 had the disadvantage of being prone to knocking depending on driving conditions.
In 2007, unleaded high-octane gasoline with a high octane number of 96 to 98 was released. This unleaded high-octane gasoline had better anti-knocking properties than conventional unleaded regular gasoline, but with recent improvements in automobile technology, gasoline with a quality that enables higher drivability, In other words, there has been a demand for a new unleaded, high-octane gasoline that has excellent startability, excellent acceleration at low speeds, medium speeds, high speeds, and when climbing hills, as well as excellent running stability. As a result of repeated research to develop a new gasoline that satisfies the above requirements, the inventors of the present invention have determined that the distillation properties of the gasoline have been determined to be optimal, and at the same time, by specifying its component composition in detail, extremely excellent performance has been achieved. The present inventors have discovered that a new type of unleaded high octane gasoline can be obtained, and have completed the present invention. Compared to conventional unleaded high octane gasoline, the present invention improves acceleration from a standstill to low speeds, acceleration from low speeds to medium speeds, acceleration from medium speeds to high speeds, further acceleration at high speeds, hill climbing ability, etc. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new unleaded high-octane gasoline that has further improved acceleration performance, low-temperature starting performance, and low-temperature drivability (warm-up performance). Means for Solving the Problems That is, the present invention provides distillation properties that satisfy the conditions of the following formulas (1) and (2), and the following formulas (3), (4), (5), and (6). Unleaded high octane gasoline characterized by having a component composition that satisfies conditions. 60≦T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ ≦85 (℃) (1) 0.15≦T ₉₀ −T ₇₀ /T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ ＜0.50 (2) VO (WHOLE) ≦25 (capacity%) (3) VA (WHOLE) ≦50 (capacity%) (4) VO (≦T ₃₀ )≧40 (capacity%) (5) VA (≧T ₇₀ )≧85 (capacity%) (6). In addition, in the above formula, T ₃₀ , T ₇₀
and T ₉₀ indicate the 30%, 70% and 90% distillation temperature (°C), respectively, and VO (WHOLE) and VA (WHOLE) indicate the olefin and aromatics content (volume %) of the entire gasoline, VO (≦
T ₃₀ ) is the olefin content (volume %) of the total fraction distilled at a temperature below 30% distillation temperature, and
VA (≧T ₇₀ ) indicates the aromatic content (volume %) of the total fraction distilled at a temperature of 70% distillation temperature or higher. Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be explained in more detail. As mentioned above, the unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention has distillation properties that simultaneously satisfy the conditions of equations (1) and (2). It is necessary to satisfy all the conditions of having a satisfactory component composition. If either of these conditions is not met, it is not possible to obtain lead-free high octane gasoline that has extremely excellent various performances as described above. The conditions are related to the distillation properties of gasoline, and equation (1) is the 70% distillation temperature (T ₇₀ ) of gasoline.
It shows that the difference from the 30% distillation temperature (T ₃₀ ) is 60 to 85°C, preferably 65 to 80°C. In addition, equation (2) is the 90% distillation temperature (T ₉₀ ) and the 70% distillation temperature (T ₇₀ ).
and the ratio of T ₇₀ − T ₃₀ (T ₉₀ −
_T70 / _T70 - _T30 ) is 0.15 or more and less than 0.50, preferably 0.25 or more and 0.45 or less. Note that the 30% distillation temperature, 70% distillation temperature, and 90% distillation temperature as used in the present invention all mean the distillation temperature specified by the fuel oil distillation test method of JIS K 2254. In the present invention, if the distillation properties of gasoline do not simultaneously satisfy the conditions of formulas (1) and (2),
It is not preferable because it is inferior in quality. The condition is related to the component composition of gasoline, and equation (3) indicates that the olefin content of the entire gasoline is
Formula (4) indicates that the aromatic content of the entire gasoline is 50% by volume or less, preferably 45% by volume or less. In addition, formula (5) indicates that the olefin content of the total fraction distilled at a temperature below 30% distillation temperature (T ₃₀ ) is 40% by volume or more, preferably 50% by volume or more, and (6 The formula ) indicates that the aromatic content of the total fraction distilled at a temperature of 70% distillation temperature (T ₇₀ ) or higher is 85% by volume or higher, preferably 90% by volume or higher. In addition, the olefin content and aromatic content in the present invention are
It means the value measured by JIS K 2536 fuel oil hydrocarbon component testing method (fluorescent indicator adsorption method). In the present invention, if the component composition of gasoline does not satisfy the conditions of equations (3) and (4), the stability of the gasoline itself may deteriorate, or the materials used in automobile exhaust gas and fuel systems may deteriorate. This is not desirable as it may have a negative effect on On the other hand, in the present invention, if the component composition of gasoline does not satisfy the conditions of formulas (5) and (6), it is not preferable because various acceleration properties are poor. The blending materials used in producing the lead-free high octane gasoline of the present invention and their blending ratios are arbitrary. Cracked gasoline obtained by cracking method etc., reformed gasoline obtained by catalytic reforming method etc., polymerized gasoline obtained by polymerization of olefins, alkylated gasoline obtained by adding lower olefins to hydrocarbons such as isobutane (alkylation). Chelates, isomerates obtained by isomerizing linear lower paraffinic hydrocarbons, fractions of these in a specific boiling point range, aromatic hydrocarbons, and the like can be used as the compounding material. The unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention includes, for example, 25 to 50% by volume of reformed gasoline, 20 to 40% by volume of light fractions having a boiling point of about 90°C from the initial boiling point of cracked gasoline,
It can be obtained by blending 10-35% by volume of a heavy fraction having a boiling point of about 130° C. to the end point of reformed gasoline and 5-25% by volume of alkylate. However, in the present invention, as described above, the final blended gasoline has the distillation properties [formulas (1) and (2)] and the component composition [(3), (4), (5)]. ) and (6)], and to do so, it is not enough to simply mix the ingredients as in the example above to produce the lead-free high octane gasoline of the present invention; It is necessary to strictly select the blending ratio according to the properties of the blended material to be used (distillation properties, composition, etc.) and the properties of the blended material to be used. Regarding the distillation properties of the unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention, it is important to satisfy the conditions shown above.
~55°C and 90% distillation temperature is preferably within the range of 150-175°C. Furthermore, in the unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention, antioxidants such as phenols and amines, metal deactivators such as Schiff-type compounds and thioamide-type compounds, and surface ignition prevention agents such as organophosphorus compounds are optionally added. detergents, detergents and dispersants such as succinimides, polyalkylamines, and polyetheramines, anti-icing agents such as polyhydric alcohols and their ethers, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids, and sulfuric esters of higher alcohols. One or a combination of known fuel oil additives such as combustion improvers, anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, antistatic agents such as amphoteric surfactants, and colorants such as azo dyes are added. Good too.
Although the amount of these fuel oil additives added is arbitrary, it is usually preferable to add them so that the total amount added is 0.1% by weight or less. Furthermore, the amount of an octane improver such as an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, or t-butanol or an ether such as methyl-t-butyl ether may be added to the unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention as needed. , usually 15% by weight or less. Examples Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. Example 1 Catalytically reformed gasoline A44 obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil
Parts by volume, 27 parts by volume of the light fraction of fluidized catalytically cracked gasoline A obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil, 19 parts by volume of the heavy fraction of catalytically reformed gasoline A obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil, and the alkylation reaction of isobutane and lower olefin. The lead-free high octane gasoline of the present invention was obtained by blending 10 parts by volume of the alkylate A obtained by the above method.
Table 1 shows the properties of the base material, and Table 2 shows the properties of the resulting unleaded high octane gasoline. For comparison, the properties of commercially available unleaded premium gasoline are also listed in Table 2. Using the gasoline of Example 1 and Comparative Example, various performance evaluation tests were conducted as shown below. The results are shown in Table 3. [Acceleration test 1 (stop → low speed, low speed → medium speed, medium speed → high speed)] Using a passenger car (car A) with a total displacement of 1500 c.c. and carburetor specification, on a flat road, top gear, throttle valve fully open. Under acceleration conditions, vehicle speed is 0→40Km/hr, 40→80
Km/hr and time to reach 80→120 Km/hr were measured. [Acceleration test 2 (low speed → high speed)] A passenger car with a total displacement of 1800 c.c. and a fuel injection type (Car B) and a passenger car with a total displacement of 2000 c.c. and a fuel injection type (Car C) The vehicle speed was changed from 40 to 120 on a flat road, top gear, and throttle valve fully open acceleration.
The time taken to reach Km/hr was measured. [Acceleration test 3 (hill climbing force)] Using car A, on a road with a 5% uphill slope, third gear,
We measured the time it took for the vehicle speed to reach 40 to 80 km/hr under conditions of throttle valve full-open acceleration. [Acceleration test 4 (hill climbing force)] Using car B, on a road with a 6% uphill slope, top gear,
We measured the time it took for the vehicle speed to reach 40 to 120 km/hr under conditions of throttle valve full-open acceleration. [Low-temperature startability test] Cars A, B, and C were used to measure the time it took for the engines to start at a temperature of 0°C. [Low temperature drivability test] Cars A, B and C were used to evaluate their drivability at a temperature of 0°C using demerit scores.
The demerit score is based on CRC report No. 499.
(Published September 1978) Test method described on pages 65-69 and E.Driveability on pages 4-5 of the same.
It is calculated using the calculation method described in the Rating System, and the smaller this value is, the better the drivability is. Example 2 Catalytically reformed gasoline B37 obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil
Part by volume, part by volume of light fraction B32 of fluidized catalytically cracked gasoline obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil, part by volume of B21 of heavy fraction of catalytically reformed gasoline obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil, and the alkylation reaction of isobutane and lower olefin. 10 parts by volume of the resulting alkylate B were blended to obtain the unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention.
Table 1 shows the properties of the base material, and Table 2 shows the properties of the resulting unleaded high octane gasoline. A performance evaluation test similar to that of Example 1 was conducted using the gasoline of Example 2, and the results are shown in Table 3. Example 3 50 parts by volume of reformed gasoline B shown in Table 1, 24 parts by volume of light fraction B of cracked gasoline, 16 parts by weight of heavy fraction B of reformed gasoline, and 10 parts by volume of alkylate B were blended to produce the product of the present invention. Obtained unleaded high octane gasoline. Table 2 shows the properties of the lead-free high octane gasoline obtained. A performance evaluation test similar to that of Example 1 was conducted using the gasoline of Example 3, and the results are shown in Table 3. Comparative Example For comparison, the properties of commercially available unleaded premium gasoline are shown in Table 2. A performance evaluation test similar to that in Example 1 was conducted using the gasoline of this comparative example, and the results are shown in Table 3.

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[Table] Effects of the Invention As is clear from the results of various performance evaluation tests shown in Table 3, the unleaded high octane gasoline of the present invention has the following properties:
Compared to currently commercially available unleaded high octane gasoline, various types of acceleration such as acceleration from standstill to low speed, acceleration from low speed to medium speed, acceleration from medium speed to high speed, acceleration from low speed to high speed, hill climbing ability, etc. It is a gasoline with excellent performance, which not only improves performance but also significantly improves startability and drivability at low temperatures.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Has distillation properties that satisfy the conditions of formulas (1) and (2) below, and a component composition that satisfies the conditions of formulas (3), (4), (5), and (6) below. Unleaded high octane gasoline. 60≦T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ ≦85 (℃) (1) 0.15≦T ₉₀ −T ₇₀ /T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ ＜0.50 (2) VO (WHOLE) ≦25 (capacity%) (3) VA (WHOLE) ≦50 (capacity%) (4) VO (≦T ₃₀ ) ≧40 (capacity%) (5) VA (≧T ₇₀ ) ≧85 (capacity%) (6) [In the above formula, T ₃₀ , T ₇₀ and _T90 indicates the 30%, 70% and 90% distillation temperature (℃) respectively, and
VO (WHOLE) and VA (WHOLE) are the olefin and aromatic content (volume %) of the entire gasoline, and VO (≦T ₃₀ ) is the olefin content of the total distillate distilled at a temperature below the 30% distillation temperature. Min content (volume%)
, and VA (≧T ₇₀ ) is the aromatic content (volume %) of the total distillate distilled at a temperature above 70% distillation temperature.
are shown respectively. ]