JPH0470355B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION FIELD The present invention relates to a lead-free regular gasoline with a research octane number of less than 95, and more particularly to a novel lead-free regular gasoline having specified distillation properties and specified component compositions and having excellent various performances. Problems to be Solved by the Prior Art and the Invention Since 1975, unleaded regular gasoline with an octane number of 90 to 91 has been on the market. However, with the recent improvements in automobile technology, gasoline with qualities that enable higher drivability, such as excellent starting performance, excellent acceleration in low speed range, medium speed range, high speed range and when climbing hills, and There has been a growing demand for a new unleaded regular gasoline with excellent running stability. As a result of repeated research to develop a new gasoline that satisfies the above requirements, the inventors of the present invention have determined that the distillation properties of the gasoline are optimal, and that by specifying its component composition at the same time, extremely excellent performance has been achieved. The present inventors have discovered that a new type of unleaded regular gasoline can be obtained, and have completed the present invention. Compared to conventional unleaded regular gasoline, the present invention improves acceleration from a standstill to low speeds, acceleration from low speeds to medium speeds, acceleration from medium speeds to high speeds, further acceleration at high speeds, hill climbing ability, etc. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new unleaded regular gasoline that has further improved acceleration performance, low-temperature starting performance, and low-temperature drivability (warm-up performance). Means for Solving the Problems That is, the present invention provides distillation properties that satisfy the conditions of the following formulas (1) and (2), and components that satisfy the conditions of the following formulas (3), (4), and (5). Research method unleaded regular gasoline with octane number less than 95 60≦T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ ≦85 (℃) (1) 0.15≦T ₉₀ −T ₇₀ /T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ ＜0.50 (2 ) VO (WHOLE)≦25 (capacity%) (3) VA (WHOLE)≦50 (capacity%) (4) VA (≧T ₇₀ )<85 (capacity%) (5). In the above formula, T ₃₀ and T ₇₀
and T ₉₀ indicate the 30%, 70% and 90% distillation temperature (°C), respectively, and VO (WHOLE) and VA (WHOLE) indicate the olefin and aromatics content (volume %) of the entire gasoline, and
VA (≧T ₇₀ ) indicates the aromatic content (volume %) of the total fraction distilled at a temperature of 70% distillation temperature or higher. Hereinafter, the content of the present invention will be explained in more detail. As mentioned above, the unleaded regular gasoline of the present invention has distillation properties that simultaneously satisfy the conditions of formulas (1) and (2), and a component composition that simultaneously satisfies the conditions of formulas (3), (4), and (5). It is necessary that all of the following conditions are satisfied. If either of these conditions is not met, it is not possible to obtain regular unleaded gasoline that has extremely excellent various performances as described above. The conditions are related to the distillation properties of gasoline, and equation (1) is the 70% distillation temperature (T ₇₀ ) of gasoline.
It shows that the difference from the 30% distillation temperature (T ₃₀ ) is 60 to 85°C, preferably 65 to 80°C. In addition, equation (2) is the 90% distillation temperature (T ₉₀ ) and the 70% distillation temperature (T ₇₀ ).
and the ratio of T ₇₀ − T ₃₀ (T ₉₀ −
_T70 / _T70 - _T30 ) is 0.15 or more and less than 0.50, preferably 0.25 or more and 0.45 or less. Note that the 30% distillation temperature, 70% distillation temperature, and 90% distillation temperature as used in the present invention all mean the distillation temperature specified by the fuel oil distillation test method of JIS K 2254. In the present invention, if the distillation properties of gasoline do not simultaneously satisfy the conditions of formulas (1) and (2),
It is not preferable because it is inferior. The condition is related to the component composition of gasoline, and equation (3) indicates that the olefin content of the entire gasoline is
Formula (4) indicates that the aromatic content of the entire gasoline is 50% by volume or less, preferably 45% by volume or less. Furthermore, formula (5) indicates that the aromatic content of the total fraction distilled at a temperature equal to or higher than the 70% distillation temperature (T ₇₀ ) is less than 85% by volume. It should be noted that the olefin content and aromatic content in the present invention refer to values measured by JIS K 2536 fuel oil hydrocarbon component testing method (fluorescent indicator adsorption method). In the present invention, if the component composition of gasoline does not satisfy the conditions of equations (3) and (4), the stability of the gasoline itself may deteriorate, or the materials used in the exhaust gas and fuel system of automobiles may deteriorate. This is not desirable as it may have a negative effect on the environment. On the other hand, in the present invention, when the component composition of gasoline does not satisfy the condition of formula (5), that is, VA (≧T ₇₀ )
In the case of ≧85, it is not preferable because it is necessary to use an expensive base material with an extremely high aromatic content as a blending material for gasoline, which increases the cost. The unleaded regular gasoline of the present invention is less than 95,
Preferably, it has a research octane number of 89 or more and less than 95. In addition, this research method octane number means the octane number measured by the research method octane number test method specified in the octane number and cetane number test method of JIS K 2280. The blending materials used in producing the unleaded regular gasoline of the present invention and their blending ratios are arbitrary. Selectable light naphtha, cracked gasoline obtained by catalytic cracking method, hydrocracking method, etc., reformed gasoline obtained by catalytic reforming method, etc., polymerized gasoline obtained by polymerization of olefins, hydrocarbons such as isobutane, and lower olefins. The alkylate obtained by addition (alkylation) to the isomerate petroleum fraction obtained by the isomerization of linear lower paraffinic hydrocarbons is subjected to molecular sieving to separate and remove the n-paraffinic content. N-paraffin-free oil, fractions thereof having a specific boiling point range, aromatic hydrocarbons, etc. can be used as the compounding material. The unleaded regular gasoline of the present invention is, for example,
5-40% by volume of light naphtha, reformed gasoline 25-50%
5-30% by volume of light fractions from the initial boiling point of cracked gasoline to the boiling point of about 90°C, and 10-40% by volume of the heavy fractions from the boiling point of cracked gasoline to about 100°C to the final boiling point.
It can be obtained by mixing.
However, in the present invention, as mentioned above, the final blended gasoline has the distillation properties [formulas (1) and (2)] and the component composition [(3), (4) and (5)]. It is important to simultaneously satisfy the conditions of formula It is necessary to strictly select the blending ratio according to the properties (distillation properties, composition, etc.) and the properties of the blending material used. Regarding the distillation properties of the unleaded regular gasoline of the present invention, it is important to satisfy the conditions shown above.
It is desirable that the 55°C and 90% distillation temperatures are within the range of 150-175°C. Furthermore, in the unleaded regular gasoline of the present invention, phenol-based and amine-based antioxidants, surface ignition inhibitors such as metal deactivators such as Schiff-type compounds and thioamide-type compounds, and succinimide are optionally added. , cleaning and dispersing agents such as polyalkylamines and polyether amines, anti-icing agents such as polyhydric alcohols and their ethers, combustion improvers such as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of organic acids, sulfuric esters of higher alcohols, anionic Known fuel oil additives such as antistatic agents such as surfactants, cationic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants, and colorants such as azo dyes may be added singly or in combination. Although the amount of these fuel oil additives added is arbitrary, it is usually preferable to add them so that the total amount added is 0.1% by weight or less. Furthermore, an octane number improver such as an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, or t-butanol, or an ether such as methyl-t-butyl ether may be added to the unleaded regular gasoline of the present invention, if necessary. The amount of these octane number improvers added is also optional, but is usually preferably 15% by weight or less. Examples Hereinafter, the contents of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. Examples and Comparative Examples 25 parts by volume of light naphtha obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil,
35 parts by volume of catalytically reformed gasoline obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil, 10 parts by volume of light fraction of fluid catalytic cracked gasoline obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil, and 30 parts by volume of heavy fraction of fluid catalytic cracked gasoline obtained from Middle Eastern crude oil. were blended to obtain the lead-free regular gasoline of the present invention. Table 1 shows the properties of the base material, and Table 2 shows the properties of the resulting unleaded regular gasoline. For comparison, the properties of commercially available unleaded regular gasoline are also listed in Table 2. Using the gasoline of this example and the comparative example, various performance evaluation tests were conducted as shown below, and the results were reported in the third test.
Shown in the table. [Acceleration performance test 1 (stop → low speed, low speed → medium speed,
Medium speed → high speed)] Using a passenger car (Car A) with a total displacement of 1500 c.c., manual transmission, and carburetor specifications, on a flat road and with the throttle valve fully open, perform the following steps: from low gear to second gear to top gear. The vehicle speed changes from 0 to 60km/hr by changing gears in order, and the vehicle speed increases by changing the top gear.
The time taken to reach 40→80Km/hr and 80→120Km/hr was measured. [Acceleration performance test 2 (uphill force)] Using car A, on a road with a 5% uphill slope, the throttle valve was fully opened and the gears were changed in the order of low gear → second gear → top gear, and the vehicle speed changed from 0 → 80 km/hr, and third gear. We measured the time it took for the vehicle speed to reach from 40 to 80 km/hr. [Acceleration performance test 3 (uphill force)] Using a passenger car (Car B) with a total displacement of 1600 c.c., automatic transmission, and fuel injection type, acceleration was performed on a road with a 5% uphill slope with the throttle valve fully open. The vehicle speed was fixed in the D range from 0 to 80 km/hr, and the time required for the vehicle speed to reach 40 to 90 km/hr was measured in the 2nd range. [Low-temperature startability test] Using Car A and Car B, the time required for the engine to start was measured at a temperature of 0°C. [Low temperature drivability test] Cars A and B were used to evaluate the drivability at a temperature of 0°C using demerit scores. In addition,
Disadvantage scores are based on the test method described on pages 65-69 of CRC Report No. 499 (issued September 1978) and the E.Driveability Rating System on pages 4-5 of the same.
The smaller the value, the better the driveability is.

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[Table] Effects of the Invention As is clear from the results of various performance evaluation tests shown in Table 3, the unleaded regular gasoline of the present invention has improved acceleration from a standstill to low speed compared to currently commercially available unleaded regular gasoline. , various acceleration performances such as acceleration from low speed to medium speed, acceleration from medium speed to high speed, acceleration from low speed to high speed, hill climbing ability, etc. are improved, and startability and drivability at low temperatures are significantly improved. It is a gasoline with excellent performance.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. It is characterized by having distillation properties that satisfy the conditions of formulas (1) and (2) below, and a component composition that satisfies the conditions of formulas (3), (4), and (5) below. Regular unleaded gasoline with an octane rating of less than 95. 60≦T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ ≦85 (℃) (1) 0.15≦T ₉₀ −T ₇₀ /T ₇₀ −T ₃₀ ＜0.50 (2) VO (WHOLE) ≦25 (capacity%) (3) VA (WHOLE) ≦50 (volume%) (4) VA (≧T ₇₀ ) <85 (volume%) (5) [In the above formula, T ₃₀ , T ₇₀ and T ₉₀ are the 30%, 70% and 90% distillation temperatures ( ℃) respectively, and
VO (WHOLE) and VA (WHOLE) are the olefin and aromatic content (volume %) of the whole gasoline, and VA (≧T ₇₀ ) is the content of the total fraction distilled at a temperature above 70% distillation temperature. The aromatic content (volume %) is shown respectively. ]