JPH04223801A - Nc compound automatic lathe - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance machining accuracy in an automatic lathe provided with a main spindle and a rear spindle by providing a comb teeth type tool rest and a multi-tool rest, and making the moving direction of the multi-tool tool rest intersect that of the rear headstock. CONSTITUTION:A main spindle 1 and a rear spindle 4 are provided, and a comb teeth type tool rest 2 excellent in machining accuracy is provided on one side of a front end part of a workpiece to be machined, while on the other side at the position opposite to the comb-teeth type tool rest 2 a multi-tool tool rest 3 to which many tools can be fitted, namely a turret head is provided. Finish machining is conducted with the comb-teeth type tool rest while rough machining, internal machining, horizontal boring, rear face boring and rear face machining are conducted with the multi-tool tool rest 3. In this case, the moving direction of a rear headstock 41 is made to intersect that of the multi- tool tool rest 3 moved by a moving means 35 on a plane orthogonally crossing an axial center of the main spindle 1, and movement thereof are respectively controlled by a numerical control means 62 so as to correct an error.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The present invention is directed to front-face machining (hereinafter referred to as
This invention relates to an NC compound automatic lathe that performs main machining) and back machining.

<Prior Art> Conventionally, in an NC compound automatic lathe, main machining and back machining of a workpiece have been performed, for example, by the method shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.

That is, in the first method shown in FIG. 10, the headstock 81 slides in the Z1 direction while rotating the main shaft that chucks the workpiece, and when performing main machining, the tool rest 82, which constitutes a comb-shaped tool rest, 83 in the X1 and X2 directions, respectively.

On the other hand, when performing back machining, just before the work chucked on the spindle is cut off, the back headstock 84 moves in the Z2 direction, the back spindle receives the work w, and the back headstock 84 moves in the X3 direction. Then, the back surface is processed using a fixed tool rest 85 equipped with a tool for back surface processing.

In addition, in the second method shown in FIG. 11, there is a headstock 91 that operates in the same way as the above one, and when performing main machining, two turret-type tool rests 92 and 93 are used, respectively.
Move in the X2 direction and perform main processing.

On the other hand, when performing back processing, the back headstock 94 moves in the Z1 direction toward the headstock 91, as in the first case.
The back main shaft receives the workpiece, and the back surface is machined using a back surface processing tool mounted on either one of the two turret-type tool rests 92, 93.

<Problem to be solved by the invention> However, in the first method mentioned above, the main machining was performed only by a comb-shaped tool post, which had the advantage of short cycle time for tool selection and good cutting accuracy. However, there were problems in that the number of tools was limited, resulting in a shortage of tools, and the degree of freedom in machining was small.

In addition, in the second method above, two turret type tool rests are used.
Since a turret is used, a large number of tools can be mounted, but since index rotation is performed for tool selection, the speed and accuracy of tool selection is lower than with a comb-tooth type turret, and it takes time to select tools. Ta.

In particular, when using a turret-type tool post to perform back processing such as drilling on the back of a workpiece chucked on the back spindle, if there is an error in the indexing of the turret or an installation error in the tool installed on the turret tool post, the There was a problem that the centering error and the center height of the cutting tool were not corrected, resulting in poor processing accuracy.

Therefore, the invention according to claims 1 to 3 has been made in view of the above problems, and is an NC compound automatic lathe that has a large degree of freedom in machining, is suitable for high-precision finishing machining, and has good accuracy during back machining. The purpose is to provide

<Means for Solving the Problems> In order to solve the above problems, the invention as set forth in claim 1 provides a main shaft for inserting a workpiece and protruding the front end of the workpiece to chuck the workpiece, and a main shaft for chucking the workpiece by protruding the front end thereof; a headstock that rotates as the workpiece; a radially arranged tool rest (hereinafter referred to as a comb-shaped tool rest) that is arranged on one side of the front end of the workpiece and moves toward the center of the workpiece; a multi-blade tool rest provided on the other side of the front end at a position facing the comb-shaped tool rest; and the multi-blade tool rest is moved toward the center of the workpiece and in a direction orthogonal to the axis of the main spindle. The present invention is characterized by having a multi-blade moving means for moving the workpiece, a back spindle for chucking the front end of the work from a direction opposite to the main spindle, and a back spindle for supporting the back spindle.

Further, in order to solve the above problem, the invention as set forth in claim 2 provides the NC compound automatic lathe as set forth in claim 1, in which the multi-blade tool rest is on a plane orthogonal to the axis of the main spindle, and The present invention is characterized in that the rear headstock is moved in a direction intersecting the movement direction, and the movement of the multi-blade tool rest and the rear headstock is controlled by numerical control means.

Furthermore, in order to solve the above problem, the invention according to claim 3 is the NC compound automatic lathe according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the multi-blade tool rest is a turret-type tool rest. .

<Function> The structure of the invention according to claim 1 has a main spindle and a back main spindle, and a comb-shaped tool rest with good processing accuracy is provided on one side of the front end of the workpiece, which is the processing part of the workpiece. A multi-blade type tool rest to which a large number of tools can be attached is provided on the other side of the front end at a position facing the comb-shaped tool rest.

For this reason, the comb-shaped tool rest allows finishing machining, and the multi-blade tool rest allows rough cutting, internal turning, side drilling, back drilling, back turning, etc., increasing the degree of freedom in processing.

Further, in the invention as claimed in claim 2, in addition to the above-mentioned effect as stated in claim 1, the moving direction of the back headstock and the moving direction of the multi-blade type tool rest by the multi-blade moving means are aligned with the axis of the main spindle. They intersect on orthogonal planes, and the movement of the multi-blade tool post and rear headstock is controlled by numerical control means, so even if there is a tool installation error on the multi-blade tool post, the cutting edge of the tool on the multi-blade tool post The error can be corrected by matching the position of the workpiece with the workpiece processing area.

Furthermore, in the invention according to claim 3, in the NC compound automatic lathe according to claims 1 and 2, the multi-blade tool rest is a turret-type tool rest, so that the effects described in claims 1 and 2 are achieved. In addition, even if there is an indexing error of the turret or an installation error in the tool installed on the turret tool post, the error can be corrected by matching the position of the cutting edge of the tool on the turret type tool post with the workpiece machining area. can do.

In particular, when a tool such as a drill for back hole drilling is attached to the turret tool rest and a hole is drilled at the center of the back of a workpiece chucked to the back spindle, it is possible to correct for misalignment and center height, and to adjust the centering of the workpiece. Be accurate.

<Example> Hereinafter, an example of an NC compound automatic lathe employing the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

However, Figures 1 to 4 are a plan view, a front view, and III-II in Figure 1 of this NC compound automatic lathe, respectively.
They are a sectional view taken along the I line and a sectional view taken along the IV-IV line.
7 to 7 are side views and cross-sectional views showing the detailed configuration of the comb-tooth type tool rest that constitutes this NC compound automatic lathe, so based on FIG. 1, please refer to FIGS. 2 to 7. The configuration of this NC compound automatic lathe will be explained.

First, as shown in Fig. 1, this NC compound automatic lathe is equipped with a main spindle 1 and a back main spindle 4 for chucking a workpiece w, a comb-shaped tool rest 2 for machining the workpiece w, and a multi-blade tool rest on a bed 5. It is equipped with a turret-type tool rest 3 and a front tool rest 7 (see FIG. 2). In this embodiment, a turret-type tool rest is used as the multi-blade tool rest, but in the present invention, the multi-blade tool rest is not limited to the turret-type tool rest; for example, three back tools and one front machining tool are used. It is also possible to have a structure in which a

As shown in FIG. 1, the main spindle 1 is used to insert a workpiece w and chuck it by protruding the front end of the workpiece w.
The workpiece w is rotatably supported by the headstock 11 or the bed 5, and the workpiece w is sent out by moving in a direction parallel to the workpiece w axis (Z1 direction in the figure) using a guide groove provided on the headstock 11 or the bed 5. (See Figure 2). The main shaft 1 is rotated by a main shaft rotation motor 12, and the main shaft 1 is moved in the Z1 direction by a Z1 direction moving mechanism 1.
This is done by driving 4. Furthermore, a position coder 15 is attached to the upper part of the headstock 11, as shown in FIG. 2, for detecting the rotational position (indexed position) of the main spindle 11.

A guide push 13 is provided in front of the main spindle 1, and a turret-type tool post 3 is provided on one side of the front end of the work w protruding from the guide push 13. There is a turret type tool rest 3
A comb-shaped tool rest 2 in which a plurality of tool rests 21a to 21d are arranged radially is provided in a portion other than the movement area (see FIG. 4).

As shown in FIG. 5, this comb-shaped tool rest 2 includes four tool rests 21a to 2 on which various cutting tools 22a to 22d are mounted.
1d are arranged radially around the workpiece w at equal angular (45°) intervals, and the cutting edges of the cutting tools 22a to 22d are installed so that they can each move toward the center of the workpiece w. Incidentally, numeral 23' in the upper part of the figure is a turret mounting part which allows a new turret to be mounted in this part when the turret-type tool rest 3 is removed and the NC compound automatic lathe is used.

The tool rest 21a is directly driven and moved by the comb-shaped tool rest moving motor 20 as shown in FIG.
The tool rests 21b to 21d are configured to move by transmitting the movement of the tool rest 21a via the link mechanism L.

In other words, as shown in the figure, the link mechanism L consists of modified T-shaped levers A and B rotatably supported on the turret base 23 fixed to the head 5, and a connecting rod that connects the levers A and B. It consists of a certain link C. The link mechanism L connects the lever A to the tool rests 21a and 21b, and also connects the lever B to the tool rests 21c and 21d.
The movement of 1a is transmitted via lever A to tool rest 21b and link C, and is also transmitted via lever A, link C, and lever B to tool rest 21c and tool rest 21d.

Next, the configuration of each of the tool rests 21a to 21d will be explained, but since the configurations of the tool rests 21b, 21c, and 21d except for the tool rest 21a are the same, a sectional view of only the construction of the tool rest 21a and the tool rest 21b is shown. Explain with reference to.

First, the tool rest 21a is provided with a guide stand 23a on the tool rest base 23 as shown in FIG.
It is configured to slide in the direction and cut the workpiece w.

That is, the comb-tooth-shaped turret moving motor 20 is provided on the turret base 23 below the turret 21a, and the rotation shaft 20a of the comb-tooth-shaped turret moving motor 20 and the ball screw 25
a are connected to each other via a coupling 26a.

A ball screw 25a is attached to the lower side of the slider 24a.
A nut 28a screwed into the turret 24a is fixed, and the slider 24a slides in the X1a direction by rotation of the comb-shaped tool post moving motor 20.

Incidentally, a tool holder 27a is attached to the upper part of the slider 24a, and a tool holder 27a with a tool 22a mounted on the side closer to the work w is attached, and a connecting portion 29a connected to the lever A is fixed with a screw on the opposite side. There is.

Next, the tool rest 21b of this embodiment is as shown in FIG.
The slider 24b is moved on the guide table 23b in the direction of the workpiece w, that is, in the direction of X1b in the figure, to cut the workpiece w. In addition, the tool rest 21b can move the tool 22b ahead of the tools of other tool rests in the direction of the center of the workpiece w, and when the tool 22b moves and reaches a predetermined position,
It is also configured to recede from the center.

In other words, the slider 24b is connected to the tool post base 2 as described above.
It is designed to slide on a guide stand 23b provided on the guide stand 23b, and is always biased in a direction away from the workpiece w by three springs 27b built into this guide stand 23b. It is being

On the slider 24b, in addition to the cutting tool holder 24b' with the cutting tool 22b attached thereto, there is also a connecting portion 29 to which an external force for moving the tool rest 22b is transmitted from the lever A.
b, a selection cylinder 25b, and an adjustment screw 26b.

The connecting portion 29b is connected to the lever A, and is also connected via a rod 28' to a piston 28b in a selection cylinder 25b, which will be described later, and is fixed on the slider 24b, so that the external force from the lever A is directly applied to the slider 24b. It is not transmitted to the slider 24b via the rod 28b' and the selection cylinder 25b.

Further, the selection cylinder 25b has a built-in piston 28b connected to a rod 28', and the cylinder chamber 25b',
25b". In other words, the selection cylinder 25b changes the hydraulic pressure of the piston 28.
b is moved back and forth relative to the piston 28b or the connecting portion 29b, the slider 24b is advanced in the direction of the center of the workpiece w, and the cutting tool 22b is involved in cutting (selection of the tool rest), Further, this cutting tool 22b is placed in advance and acts to retreat (return the tool rest) when it reaches a predetermined position.

Further, the adjustment screw 26b is attached to the lower end of the selection cylinder 25b with the tip of the adjustment screw 26b in contact with the rear end surface of the slider 24b, and its rotation causes the slider 24b to
The installation position of the selection cylinder 25b at the top is changed, and the cutting tool 22b of the tool rest 21b is placed ahead of the cutting tools of the other tool rests in the workpiece w direction.

The above is an explanation of the configuration of the comb-tooth type tool rest 2. Next, referring back to Fig. 1, the turret type tool rest 3, the back spindle 4, the front tool rest 7, and the control section of this automatic lathe will be explained in order. To go.

First, this turret type tool post 3 is called an octagonal turret, and currently has four tools 32a to 32a, such as a cutting tool or a drill.
32d are installed radially (see Figure 4), but as described later, up to nine of the above tools can be installed (see Figure 8), and the tools used for machining are indexed and rotated to perform the specified machining process. It is set in the position.

That is, this turret-type tool rest 3 is supported by a turret-type tool rest base 36, and a split motor 33 that rotates and indexes the turret-type tool rest 3 in parts is attached to this turret tool rest base 36, and a rotational force is applied to the tools 32a to 32d. A turret tool rotation motor 34 is attached which provides a turret tool rotation motor 34.

This turret tool rest base 36 is attached so that it can slide on the bed 5 in the workpiece w direction, that is, in the X2 direction in the figure, and the turret type tool rest base 36 allows the turret type tool rest 3 to be moved in the X2 direction. X as a means of moving the turret, consisting of a servo motor, hole screw, etc.
A two-way movement mechanism 35 is provided.

Next, the configurations of the back main spindle 4 and the front tool rest 7 of this embodiment will be explained.

First, the back spindle 4 chucks the workpiece w from the opposite direction to the main spindle 1, as shown in FIG.
It is rotatably supported by.

The back spindle 41 is attached to a back spindle slider 49, and this slider 49 includes, in addition to the back spindle 41, a back spindle rotation motor 43 that rotates the back spindle 4, and a back spindle rotation motor 43 that performs drilling on the front end surface of the workpiece w. Three fixed tools 7a~
7c is attached, and a cylinder 46 that selects one of the tools 7a to 7c of the front tool rest 7 and moves the selected tool in the workpiece w direction by hydraulic control.
(see Fig. 2), and this rear main shaft slider 49 is attached to the workpiece w direction (Z in the figure).
It is installed so that it can move in two directions (two directions), and also in a direction perpendicular to the same direction and inclined at 45 degrees to the horizontal direction (X3 direction in the figure) as shown in Figure 3.
(See Figure 3).

That is, as shown in FIG. 3, a back main shaft fixing base 48 is fixed on the bed 5 and has an inclined surface parallel to the X3 direction that is inclined at 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction. A guide stand 48a for moving the back spindle table 49a in the Z2 direction is provided.

As shown in the figure, the back spindle table 49a is tilted at 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction, and is guided on the guide table 48a by the drive of the Z2 direction moving mechanism 44, so that it moves in the axial direction of the workpiece w, that is, in the Z2 direction. It is configured to be moved in the direction.

Furthermore, a guide surface in the X3 direction is formed on the back spindle table 49a, and the back spindle slider 49 is mounted on the guide surface so that it can move in the X3 direction by driving the X3 direction moving mechanism 45. ing.

Note that below the back main shaft fixing base 48, there are leg parts 51 that support the bed 5 and a coolant tank 52 that is detachable.
(See Figure 2).

The coolant tank 52 collects and collects chips during workpiece machining.
Two types of filters 52a and 52b are provided to filter the cutting oil from the chips (see FIG. 3).

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, a drop opening 47 is formed in the bed 5 so that the chips from machining the workpiece w are accumulated in the coolant tank 52, and the legs 51 are formed with a drop port 47 to collect the chips into the coolant tank 52. A guiding slope 51a is provided (see FIG. 2).

Furthermore, in FIG. 1, 61 is an operation box, and 62 is a control box containing an NC device.

The above is the explanation of the configuration of this NC compound automatic lathe.

Next, two machining patterns will be listed as methods for machining a workpiece using the NC compound automatic lathe configured as described above.
The operation of this embodiment will be explained.

1) Front hole drilling using the tool on the front tool post 7.

In the case of this machining pattern, the front tool rest 7 is moved in the Z2 direction by the Z2 direction moving mechanism 44, and
The tool 7a is moved in the X3 direction by the directional movement mechanism 45 based on the X3 direction NC data, and the tool used for machining the workpiece w, for example the tool 7a, is positioned so that the center of the tool is on the centerline of the workpiece w.

Next, the tool 7a is selected by the cylinder 46. Then, the cylinder 46 moves the tool 7a forward, that is, toward the workpiece w, so that it protrudes from the other tools 7b, 7c and the back spindle 4, and the workpiece w is machined by the tool 7a.

Then, the tools 7b and 7c can be sequentially moved to the center of the workpiece to perform drilling.

2) Drilling on the back surface using the turret-type tool post 3 after the work w after cutting is chucked on the back spindle 4.

This machining pattern usually includes rough cutting using the comb-shaped tool rest 2, turret-type tool rest 3, and front tool rest 7, finishing processing, and front processing such as front hole drilling on the front end surface of the workpiece w.
This process is performed after secondary machining such as horizontal hole drilling is completed, and it is possible to process a workpiece as shown in FIG.

Here, this machining pattern is applied to the back drilling shafts 311a to 31 attached to the turret as shown in FIG.
3a, three bits, and three horizontal drilling shafts are attached to the turret-type tool rest 3.

First, the tool 3 of the turret type tool rest 3 as shown in FIG.
Centering of the three back drilling shafts of No. 1 is performed, and the values are used as positioning data for X3 and X2, respectively.

Then, the work w is cut off in the vicinity of the guide push 13 using a cutting blade attached to the comb-shaped tool rest 2 or the turret-shaped tool rest 3.

At this time, just before cutting off the workpiece w, the workpiece w is chucked by the back main spindle 4, and the workpiece w is transferred.

That is, as in the case of the machining pattern 1) above, the back main spindle 4 is first positioned at the center of the workpiece w by the X3 direction movement mechanism 45, and then moved in the workpiece w direction by the Z2 direction movement mechanism 44 (first (see figure).

Then, the back main spindle 4 is rotated by the back main spindle rotation motor 43 in synchronization with the rotation of the main spindle 1, and chucks the front end of the workpiece w.

Next, the end face, that is, the back surface formed by the cutting of the cut-off workpiece w is cut using the three back drilling shafts 31 of the tool 31a mounted on the turret-type tool rest 3 shown in FIG.
1a to 311c (of course, the hole may be drilled using a rotary tool 32d shown in FIG. 4).

Therefore, in this embodiment, the back main spindle 4 that has chucked the workpiece w is moved by the X3 direction moving mechanism 45 toward the turret type tool post 3 in the X3 direction, that is, in the direction of 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction (see Fig. 3). At the same time, the turret type tool post 3 is rotated by the split motor 33 (first
), the tool used for the hole drilling process is moved to a predetermined machining position, and the X2 direction moving mechanism 35
Move in two directions. In addition, in the turret type tool post 3 shown in FIG. 8, the predetermined processing position is the tool 31a for back hole drilling.
The predetermined machining position is a position in the figure where the advancing direction of each tool intersects the X3 direction, which is the moving direction of the back main spindle 4 (see FIG. 8).

As a result, in the turret-type tool rest 3 shown in FIG.
It is positioned at position a.

At this time, X2 and X3 of the back hole punching shafts 312a and 313a are positioned at the positions of the centering positioning data.

Therefore, even if there is an indexing error of the turret or an attachment error in the tool mounted on the turret tool rest, the error can be corrected by changing the positioning data.

<Effect of the invention> As explained above, according to the invention described in claim 1,
An automatic lathe equipped with a main spindle and a rear main spindle is equipped with two turrets: a comb-tooth-shaped turret and a multi-blade turret.For example, a finishing tool is attached to the comb-tooth-shaped turret. Additionally, tools for rough cutting, side drilling, back drilling, and back turning can be attached to the multi-blade turret, making it possible to perform high-precision finishing machining and greatly improve back machining accuracy.

Further, according to the invention as set forth in claim 2, in the NC compound automatic lathe, which is provided with a main spindle and a back main spindle, and is also provided with two tool rests, a comb-shaped tool rest and a multi-blade tool rest, the multi-blade moving means is provided. The movement direction of the multi-blade tool rest and the movement direction of the back headstock are made to intersect with each other, and the movement of the multi-blade tool rest and the back headstock is controlled by the numerical control means. In addition, even if there is a mounting error of the tool on the multi-blade tool post, the tool can be positioned and machined at a position that corrects the error, thereby increasing the accuracy of backside machining.

Furthermore, in the invention described in claim 3, in the NC compound automatic lathe described in claims 1 and 2, since the multi-blade tool rest is a turret-type tool rest, the number of tools can be increased, and the number of tools can be increased. The degree of freedom is increased, and processes that were previously divided into two machines can be absorbed into one machine.

In addition, even if there is an indexing error in the turret in a turret type tool post or an installation error in the tool attached to the turret tool post, the backside machining can be performed with high precision because the positioning is performed at a position that corrects the error. can.

In particular, when a tool such as a drill for back hole drilling or a back turning tool (not shown) is attached to the turret tool rest and the back side of a workpiece chucked to the back spindle is machined, misalignment and center height can be corrected. , enabling high-precision back surface machining.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of the NC compound automatic lathe employing the present invention, Fig. 2 is a front view of the embodiment, and Fig. 3 is a cross section taken along line III-III of the embodiment in Fig. 1. Figure, 4th
The figure is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of the same embodiment in FIG. 1, FIG. 5 is an enlarged side view of the comb-shaped tool rest in the same embodiment, and FIG. A partial cross-sectional view, FIG. 7 is VII of the tool rest 21b in FIG.
-VII line partial sectional view, FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing another example of the turret type tool rest, FIG. 9 is a sectional view showing an example of the workpiece w processed by this embodiment, and FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing the conventional one. FIG. 11 is a simplified diagram showing an example of a method for front processing and back processing, and FIG. 11 is a simplified diagram showing another example of the conventional processing method. 1... Main spindle 2... Comb-shaped tool rest (turret) 3... Turret-type tool rest (multi-blade tool rest) 4... Back main spindle 11... Head stock 35... Turret moving mechanism (multi-blade moving means) 41... Back main spindle 62 …Control box (numerical control means)

Claims (3)

[Claims] Claims: 1. A main shaft for inserting a workpiece and protruding and chucking the front end of the workpiece; a headstock for rotating the main shaft about its axis; , a radially arranged tool rest that moves toward the center of the workpiece, a multi-blade tool rest provided on the other side of the front end of the workpiece and at a position facing the tool rest, and the multi-blade tool rest. a multi-blade moving means for moving the table toward the center of the workpiece and in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the spindle; a back spindle for chucking the front end of the workpiece from a direction opposite to the spindle; and a back spindle for supporting the surface spindle. An NC compound automatic lathe, characterized in that it has a back headstock. 2. The NC compound automatic lathe according to claim 1, wherein the back headstock is arranged on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the main spindle and in a direction intersecting the moving direction of the multi-blade tool rest. An NC compound automatic lathe characterized in that the movement of the multi-blade tool rest and the back headstock are controlled by numerical control means. 3. The NC according to claim 1 and claim 2, wherein the multi-blade tool rest is a turret-type tool rest.
Compound automatic lathe.