JPH04501887A - 特性の調整された、印刷回路基板用の電着された箔並びにそれを製造するための方法及び電解槽溶液 - Google Patents
特性の調整された、印刷回路基板用の電着された箔並びにそれを製造するための方法及び電解槽溶液Info
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- JPH04501887A JPH04501887A JP2512781A JP51278190A JPH04501887A JP H04501887 A JPH04501887 A JP H04501887A JP 2512781 A JP2512781 A JP 2512781A JP 51278190 A JP51278190 A JP 51278190A JP H04501887 A JPH04501887 A JP H04501887A
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- foil
- copper
- amount
- printed circuit
- electrolytic cell
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Links
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- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 112
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 claims description 71
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- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 53
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 50
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- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- 101100493820 Caenorhabditis elegans best-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGWKCNDTYUOTQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Cu].OS(O)(=O)=O UGWKCNDTYUOTQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D1/00—Electroforming
- C25D1/04—Wires; Strips; Foils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/38—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of copper
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
- H05K2201/0332—Structure of the conductor
- H05K2201/0335—Layered conductors or foils
- H05K2201/0355—Metal foils
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Parts Printed On Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (42)
- 1.印刷回路基板用に銅箔を電解によって形成するために、銅イオン,硫酸イオ ン及びゼラチン成分を含有する電解液中の陽極と陰極とに亘って電圧を印加し、 これにより前記陰極で銅箔の電着を生じさせる方法において、電着された箔の特 性を調整できる量の活性硫黄含有成分を前記溶液中へと含有させることを特徴と する方法。
- 2.前記活性硫黄含有成分の前記量が電着された箔の粗さを減少させるのに充分 である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 3.前記活性硫黄含有成分の前記量が、電着された箔の引張強さを増大させるの に充分である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 4.前記活性硫黄含有成分の前記量が、電着された箔の引張強さを増大させるの に充分である、請求項2記載の方法。
- 5.前記活性硫黄含有成分の前記量が、箔の基本的特性を実質的に変更すること なしに前記電流を増大させることを可能にするのに充分である、請求項1記載の 方法。
- 6.前記活性硫黄含有成分の前記量が、箔の基本的特性を実質的に変更すること なしに前記電流を増大させることを可能にするのに充分である、請求項2記載の 方法。
- 7.前記活性硫黄含有成分の前記量が、箔の基本的特性を実質的に変更すること なしに前記電流を増大させることを可能にするのに充分である、請求項3記載の 方法。
- 8.前記活性硫黄含有成分の前記量が、箔の基本的特性を実質的に変更すること なしに前記電流を増大させることを可能にするのに充分である、請求項4記載の 方法。
- 9.前記ゼラチン成分がIPC3級の箔の製造を容易にするのに充分な小量で存 在し、前記活性硫黄含有成分の前記量が電着された箔の粗さを減少させるのに充 分である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 10.前記ゼラチン成分がIPC3級の箔の製造を容易にするのに充分な小量で 存在し、前記活性硫黄含有成分の前記量が、箔の3級の基本的特性を実質的に変 更することなしに前記電流を増大させるのに充分である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 11.前記ゼラチン成分が動物性膠からなる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 12.前記活性硫黄含有成分がチオ尿素からなる、請求項1記載の方法。
- 13.前記活性硫黄含有成分がチオ尿素からなる、請求項11記載の方法。
- 14.前記動物性膠が前記溶液へと約0.2mg/min・KA〜約20mg/ min・KAの範囲内の速度で添加され、前記チオ尿素が前記溶液へと約1.2 5mg/min・KA〜約50mg/min・KAの範囲内の速度で添加される 、請求項13記載の方法。
- 15.前記動物性膠が前記溶液へと約5mg/min・KA〜約20mg/mi n・KAの範囲内の速度で添加され、前記チオ尿素が前記溶液へと約10mg/ min・KA〜約50mg/min・KAの範囲内の速度で添加される、請求項 13記載の方法。
- 16.前記動物性膠が前記溶液へと約8mg/min・KA〜約10mg/mi n・KAの範囲内の速度で添加され、前記チオ尿素が前記溶液へと約20mg/ min・KA〜約30mg/min・KAの範囲内の速度で添加される、請求項 13記載の方法。
- 17.前記動物性膠が前記溶液へと約5mg/min・KAよりも小さい速度で 添加され、前記チオ尿素が前記溶液へと約10mg/min・KAよりも小さい 速度で添加される、請求項13記載の方法。
- 18.前記動物性膠が前記溶液へと約0.3mg/min・KAの速度で添加さ れ、前記チオ尿素が前記溶液へと約5mg/min・KAの速度で添加される、 請求項13記載の方法。
- 19.印刷回路基板用の低プロフィルの銅箔を製造する方法であって: ゼラチン成分及び粗さを減少させる量の活性硫黄含有成分を含有する銅電着槽溶 液を製造すること;及び前記槽から銅を陰極めっきして印刷回路基板用に適した 厚さを有する箔を得ることを含む方法。
- 20.前記活性硫黄含有成分がチオ尿素である、請求項19記載の方法。
- 21.印刷回路基板用の銅箔を電着させるための電解槽であって、銅イオン,硫 酸イオン,ゼラチン成分及び粗さを減少させる量の活性硫黄含有成分を含有する 水溶液を含む電解槽。
- 22.前記活性硫黄含有成分がチオ尿素である、請求項21記載の電解槽。
- 23.前記槽中に存在するチオ尿素の前記量が、約0.28ppm〜約11.1 ppmに亘る、請求項22記載の電解槽。
- 24.印刷回路基板用の、しわ寄りに対する耐性が向上した銅箔を電着させるた めの電解槽であって、銅イオン,硫酸イオン,ゼラチン成分及び引張強さを増大 させる量の活性硫黄含有成分を含有する水溶液を含む電解槽。
- 25.印刷回路基板用の低プロフィル銅箔を製造する方法であって; 銅イオン,硫酸イオン,ゼラチン成分及び引張強さを増大させる量の活性硫黄含 有成分を含有する銅電着槽溶液を調製すること;及び 前記槽から銅を陰極めっきして印刷回路基板用に適した厚さを有する箔を得るこ とを含む方法。
- 26.印刷回路基板用の、IPC−CF−150Eにおける1級又は3級の特性 を有する電着された銅箔を製造する方法であって;銅イオン,硫酸イオン及びゼ ラチンを含有する銅電着槽を製造する工程; この槽へと電流を流してこの槽から銅を陰極めっきさせる工程;及び 粗さを減少させる量の活性硫黄含有成分を槽中へと含有させ、これにより対応す る電流密度の上昇を容易にする工程を含む方法。
- 27.印刷回路基板用の、IPC−CF−150Eにおける1級の特性としわ寄 りに対する増大した耐性とを有する電着された銅箔を製造する方法であって; 銅イオン,硫酸イオン及びゼラチンを含有する銅電着槽を調製する工程; この槽へと電流を流してこの槽から銅を陰極めっきする工程;及び 引張強さを増大させる量の活性硫黄含有成分を槽中に含有させる工程を含む方法 。
- 28.印刷回路基板用の低プロフィルの箔を電着させるための電解槽であって、 ゼラチン成分及び粗さを減少させる量の活性硫黄含有成分を含有する水溶液を含 む電解槽。
- 29.前記槽が、硫酸銅と硫酸との酸性溶液を含む、請求項28記載の電解槽。
- 30.前記活性硫黄含有成分がチオ尿素である、請求項29記載の電解槽。
- 31.前記ゼラチン成分が動物性膠からなる、請求項29記載の電解槽。
- 32.前記ゼラチン成分が動物性膠からなる、請求項30記載の電解槽。
- 33.前記槽中に存在するチオ尿素の前記量が約0.28ppm〜約11.lp pmの範囲にある、請求項32記載の電解槽。
- 34.前記動物性膠が、約0.044ppm〜約4.4ppmの範囲内の量で前 記溶液中に存在する、請求項32記載の電解槽。
- 35.前記動物性膠が、約0.044ppm〜約4.4ppmの範囲内の量で前 記溶液中に存在する、請求項33記載の電解槽。
- 36.IPC−CF−150Eにおける1級の特性と約8.0μmよりも小さい Rtmとを有する、印刷回路基板用の2オンス(56.70g)銅箔。
- 37.IPC−CF−150Eにおける1級の特性と約5μmよりも小さいRt mとを有する、印刷回路基板用の1オンス(28.35g)銅箔。
- 38.IPC−CF−150Eにおける1級の特性と約4.6μmよりも小さい Rtmとを有する、印刷回路基板用の1/2オンス(14.175g)銅箔。
- 39.IPC−CF−150Eにおける3級の特性を有する、印刷回路基板用の 低プロフィルの銅箔。
- 40.IPC−CF−150Eにおける3級の特性と約11μmよりも小さいR tmとを有する、印刷回路基板用の2オンス(56.70g)銅箔。
- 41.IPC−CF−150Eにおける3級の特性と約7μmよりも小さいRt mとを有する、印刷回路基板用の1オンス(28.35g)銅箔。
- 42.IPC−CF−150Eにおける3級の特性と約5μmよりも小さいRt mとを有する、印刷回路基板用の1/2オンス(14.175g)銅箔。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US07/406,894 US5215645A (en) | 1989-09-13 | 1989-09-13 | Electrodeposited foil with controlled properties for printed circuit board applications and procedures and electrolyte bath solutions for preparing the same |
| US406,894 | 1989-09-13 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH04501887A true JPH04501887A (ja) | 1992-04-02 |
| JP3058445B2 JP3058445B2 (ja) | 2000-07-04 |
Family
ID=23609806
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2512781A Expired - Lifetime JP3058445B2 (ja) | 1989-09-13 | 1990-09-12 | 特性の調整された、印刷回路基板用の電着された箔並びにそれを製造するための方法及び電解槽溶液 |
Country Status (14)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5215645A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0443009B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP3058445B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR920701526A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN1093179C (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU640169B2 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR9006918A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2041665A1 (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69031905T2 (ja) |
| HU (1) | HU210114B (ja) |
| IE (1) | IE903322A1 (ja) |
| IL (1) | IL95672A (ja) |
| MY (1) | MY107259A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1991004358A1 (ja) |
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| JP2004256910A (ja) * | 2003-02-04 | 2004-09-16 | Furukawa Techno Research Kk | 高周波回路用銅箔、その製造方法、その製造設備、及び該銅箔を用いた高周波回路 |
| JP2006507571A (ja) * | 2002-10-15 | 2006-03-02 | ブリガム ヤング ユニバーシティ | ツール運動の直接制御のために複雑なn曲線を描写するためのシステムおよび方法 |
| WO2012070589A1 (ja) * | 2010-11-22 | 2012-05-31 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 表面処理銅箔 |
| WO2013146088A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | Jx日鉱日石金属株式会社 | 金属箔 |
| JP2014009364A (ja) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-20 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 電解銅箔、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極電極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
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| WO1991019024A1 (en) * | 1990-05-30 | 1991-12-12 | Gould, Inc. | Electrodeposited copper foil and process for making same using electrolyte solutions having low chloride ion concentrations |
| US5403465A (en) * | 1990-05-30 | 1995-04-04 | Gould Inc. | Electrodeposited copper foil and process for making same using electrolyte solutions having controlled additions of chloride ions and organic additives |
| US6123788A (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 2000-09-26 | Electrocopper Products Limited | Copper wire and process for making copper wire |
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| RU2126312C1 (ru) * | 1993-04-19 | 1999-02-20 | ЭлектроКуппер Продактс Лимитед | Способ получения металлического порошка, оксидов меди и медной фольги |
| US5516408A (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1996-05-14 | Magma Copper Company | Process for making copper wire |
| US5670033A (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1997-09-23 | Electrocopper Products Limited | Process for making copper metal powder, copper oxides and copper foil |
| US5679232A (en) * | 1993-04-19 | 1997-10-21 | Electrocopper Products Limited | Process for making wire |
| US5509557A (en) * | 1994-01-24 | 1996-04-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Depositing a conductive metal onto a substrate |
| JP3313277B2 (ja) * | 1995-09-22 | 2002-08-12 | 古河サーキットフォイル株式会社 | ファインパターン用電解銅箔とその製造方法 |
| TW336325B (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1998-07-11 | Electrocopper Products Ltd | Copper wire and process for making copper wire |
| JP3053440B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-23 | 2000-06-19 | グールド エレクトロニクス インコーポレイテッド | 高性能の可撓性積層体 |
| US5863666A (en) * | 1997-08-07 | 1999-01-26 | Gould Electronics Inc. | High performance flexible laminate |
| JPH10330983A (ja) | 1997-05-30 | 1998-12-15 | Fukuda Metal Foil & Powder Co Ltd | 電解銅箔及びその製造方法 |
| JP2001073182A (ja) * | 1999-07-15 | 2001-03-21 | Boc Group Inc:The | 改良された酸性銅電気メッキ用溶液 |
| EP1225253A1 (en) * | 2001-01-22 | 2002-07-24 | DSL Dresden Material-Innovation GmbH | A continuous electroforming process to form a strip for battery electrodes and a mandrel to be used in said electroforming process |
| US7148566B2 (en) * | 2001-03-26 | 2006-12-12 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and structure for an organic package with improved BGA life |
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| US6676823B1 (en) | 2002-03-18 | 2004-01-13 | Taskem, Inc. | High speed acid copper plating |
| US8263225B2 (en) * | 2004-06-01 | 2012-09-11 | Isola Usa Corp. | Laminate composition for producing reduced curl flat thin core laminate |
| CN100564606C (zh) * | 2005-12-06 | 2009-12-02 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | 金属薄膜连续电沉积装置及其方法 |
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| CN102797020A (zh) * | 2011-05-23 | 2012-11-28 | 建滔(连州)铜箔有限公司 | 一种厚规格低峰值的电解铜箔的制备方法 |
| BR112014012447A2 (pt) * | 2011-12-23 | 2017-06-06 | Hexcel Composites Ltd | método para controle online de um processo de fabricação para um material laminado de múltiplos componentes |
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| CN110629257A (zh) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-12-31 | 九江德福科技股份有限公司 | 一种高抗拉锂电铜箔的制造方法 |
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| US2563360A (en) * | 1941-05-24 | 1951-08-07 | Gen Motors Corp | Electrodeposition of copper |
| US3293109A (en) * | 1961-09-18 | 1966-12-20 | Clevite Corp | Conducting element having improved bonding characteristics and method |
| US3389064A (en) * | 1964-07-22 | 1968-06-18 | Canadian Copper Refiners Ltd | Electrolytic refining of copper and tank house electrolyte useful therein |
| US3930962A (en) * | 1975-02-21 | 1976-01-06 | Kennecott Copper Corporation | Process and apparatus for producing thin copper foils on a molybdenum or tzm alloy drum |
| US3923109A (en) * | 1975-02-24 | 1975-12-02 | Jr Edward B Williams | Drill tool |
| JPS5233074A (en) * | 1975-09-10 | 1977-03-12 | Nippon Mining Co | Surface treatment of printed circuit copper foil |
| AU602673B2 (en) * | 1985-12-24 | 1990-10-25 | Gould Electronics Inc | Electroplating metal foil |
| JPS6310990A (ja) * | 1986-07-02 | 1988-01-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | ビデオカメラ |
| JPH0649958B2 (ja) * | 1987-06-15 | 1994-06-29 | 日本電解株式会社 | 電解銅箔の製造方法 |
| JPH0631461B2 (ja) * | 1987-06-15 | 1994-04-27 | 日本電解株式会社 | 電解銅箔の製造方法 |
| JPH05233074A (ja) * | 1992-02-25 | 1993-09-10 | Dai Ichi Seiyaku Co Ltd | pH制御方法及びその装置 |
-
1989
- 1989-09-13 US US07/406,894 patent/US5215645A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-09-12 CA CA002041665A patent/CA2041665A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-09-12 DE DE69031905T patent/DE69031905T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-12 JP JP2512781A patent/JP3058445B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-12 IE IE332290A patent/IE903322A1/en unknown
- 1990-09-12 BR BR909006918A patent/BR9006918A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-09-12 HU HU907373A patent/HU210114B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-09-12 EP EP90913685A patent/EP0443009B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-12 WO PCT/US1990/005162 patent/WO1991004358A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-09-12 KR KR1019910700486A patent/KR920701526A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-09-12 AU AU63417/90A patent/AU640169B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-09-12 CN CN90108444A patent/CN1093179C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-13 IL IL9567290A patent/IL95672A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-09-13 MY MYPI90001579A patent/MY107259A/en unknown
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006507571A (ja) * | 2002-10-15 | 2006-03-02 | ブリガム ヤング ユニバーシティ | ツール運動の直接制御のために複雑なn曲線を描写するためのシステムおよび方法 |
| JP2004256910A (ja) * | 2003-02-04 | 2004-09-16 | Furukawa Techno Research Kk | 高周波回路用銅箔、その製造方法、その製造設備、及び該銅箔を用いた高周波回路 |
| WO2012070589A1 (ja) * | 2010-11-22 | 2012-05-31 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 表面処理銅箔 |
| WO2012070591A1 (ja) * | 2010-11-22 | 2012-05-31 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | 表面処理銅箔 |
| US9138964B2 (en) | 2010-11-22 | 2015-09-22 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd | Surface-treated copper foil |
| WO2013146088A1 (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | Jx日鉱日石金属株式会社 | 金属箔 |
| JP2013213250A (ja) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-17 | Jx Nippon Mining & Metals Corp | 金属箔 |
| JP2014009364A (ja) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-20 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 電解銅箔、リチウムイオン二次電池用負極電極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0443009A4 (en) | 1993-04-14 |
| JP3058445B2 (ja) | 2000-07-04 |
| HU907373D0 (en) | 1991-08-28 |
| IL95672A (en) | 1996-06-18 |
| MY107259A (en) | 1995-10-31 |
| IL95672A0 (en) | 1991-06-30 |
| AU640169B2 (en) | 1993-08-19 |
| DE69031905T2 (de) | 1998-04-16 |
| BR9006918A (pt) | 1991-11-26 |
| EP0443009B1 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
| CA2041665A1 (en) | 1991-03-14 |
| CN1053818A (zh) | 1991-08-14 |
| WO1991004358A1 (en) | 1991-04-04 |
| IE903322A1 (en) | 1991-04-10 |
| EP0443009A1 (en) | 1991-08-28 |
| DE69031905D1 (de) | 1998-02-12 |
| AU6341790A (en) | 1991-04-18 |
| KR920701526A (ko) | 1992-08-11 |
| HUT59185A (en) | 1992-04-28 |
| HU210114B (en) | 1995-02-28 |
| US5215645A (en) | 1993-06-01 |
| CN1093179C (zh) | 2002-10-23 |
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