JPH0454853A - Rotary machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a characteristic of flat torque by constituting a rotary machine of the first and second rotors, magnetized respectively to a reverse direction in a symmetrical axis direction of rotation, and armature coils. CONSTITUTION:A rotary unit is fixed to a rotation axis 2 and turnably supported through bearings 3a, 3b relating to the first fixed yoke 5 and the second fixed yokes 4a, 4b. Disk-shaped upper and lower covers 101a, 101b are fixed to both ends of the rotation axis 2, and cylindrical magnets 102a, 102b are fixed to surfaces opposed to each other of the covers. Lines of magnetic force are extended toward the center from upper and lower ends of the rotary unit to collide in the center, change a direction to the peripheral direction, reach the first fixed yoke 5 and to traverse one side of armature coils 6a to 6d. One-way directional electrification is always applied at a preset value to the armature coil. In this way, a torque ripple can be eliminated without switching a phase.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application 1] The present invention relates to a rotating machine, and particularly to a rotating machine used as a phaseless motor or generator having a magnetic circuit with a toroidal core.

[Prior Art] Many technologies have been proposed for realizing a phaseless electromagnetic rotating machine using a toroidal core, but many of them have theoretical errors and no examples have been put into practical use. For example, there is a technique described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 53-89911.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Conventionally known rotating machines using multi-phase magnetic circuits have the following problems to be solved.

First problem: Multi-phase generators include ripple voltage in their DC output, so it is not possible to obtain a DC output proportional to the rotation speed, and when the ripple voltage is smoothed with a capacitor, a time lag occurs. There is a problem in that it is not possible to obtain a voltage that accurately follows changes in one rotational speed, which is a disadvantage when used as a tacho generator.

Second Problem: In the case of a multi-phase DC motor, especially a brushless DC motor, the number of phases is small, so there is a problem of generating torque ripple, electronic noise, and mechanical vibration.

Third Problem In the case of brushless generators and DC motors, the rectifier is a semiconductor circuit, which is expensive, and there are problems in that electromagnetic noise is generated during phase switching.

It also has the disadvantage of generating mechanical vibrations.

Fourth issue: In the case of a DC motor, when using a brushless motor,
Since the number of phases is 1 to 3, it takes time for the energy of the coil to disappear and accumulate during phase cutting. therefore,
If the speed is high, the generation of counter torque increases, there is a limit to the increase in rotational speed, and there are problems in that efficiency deteriorates.

Fifth Problem: There is iron loss due to the disappearance and accumulation of energy in the armature coil, which causes a problem of deterioration of efficiency. As mentioned above, high speeds pose a major problem.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a rotating machine with a first J5 and a first J5, which have substantially the same cylindrical shape and are magnetized in opposite directions in the rotational symmetry axis direction. 2 rotors, and a rotating shaft of a non-magnetic material that passes through the rotational symmetry axis of the first and second rotors, which fix the first and second rotors in a spaced manner in their respective magnetization directions. a donut-shaped magnetic body disposed on the outer periphery of the rotor approximately in the middle of the distance between the first and second rotors, or at a position sandwiched by the first and second rotors; at least one second fixed yoke coupled to the first fixed yoke and extended so as to surround the outside of the rotating body; At the end, a bearing rotatably supports a portion of the rotating shaft protruding from the rotary body, and includes a supporting means comprising means, and at least one portion of the first fixed yoke divided by the second fixed yoke. A generator consisting of an armature coil wound around the above-mentioned circular arc portion, and which derives a generated voltage induced in each armature coil by the rotation of the rotating body, or a direct current applied to each armature coil. A configuration used as a DC motor that generates a relative unidirectional rotational torque between the rotating body and the support means by electric current, or a rotor of one of the rotating bodies in the above configuration. We adopted a configuration that omitted .

[Operation] The first to fifth problems described above are common drawbacks of known one-phase, two-phase, and three-phase rotating machines. This may be due to the concept of phases.

What can be deduced from the concept of 3.2, l, 0 is that the above-mentioned problems can be eliminated by escaping from the concept of phase and creating a 0-phase, ie, phaseless, rotating machine.

The device of the present invention solves the first to fifth problems by configuring a phaseless electric motor.

Next, its effect will be explained.

According to the above configuration, the armature coil is always energized in one direction at a set value, so there is no phase switching and no large magnetic energy enters or exits the armature coil.

Therefore, when used as a generator, the first problem described above is solved because a responsive voltage output that is accurately proportional to the rotational speed can be obtained.

When used as an electric motor, the second problem is solved for the same reason, since there is no torque ripple and electrical or mechanical vibrations are eliminated.

Since there is no need for a rectifier for phase switching, there is no need for a semiconductor control circuit including a Hall element for that purpose, and the driving force for the rotor can be obtained simply by energizing the armature coil from a DC power supply.

The above-mentioned situation is the same in the case of a generator.

Therefore, the third problem mentioned above is solved.

Since there is no increase or decrease in the magnetic energy stored in the armature coil, there is no generation of counter torque due to the release of magnetic energy when the current is cut off, unlike in the case of first-class motors. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a high-speed electric motor (more than 10,000 revolutions per minute), which has the effect of solving the fourth problem.

Although the armature coil has a magnetic core, there is no change in the amount of magnetic flux passing through it, so there is no iron loss and a highly efficient electric motor can be obtained.

Therefore, there is an effect of solving the fifth problem.

[Example] Hereinafter, details of the apparatus of the present invention will be explained with reference to an example shown in the drawings. Note that, in each embodiment, the same symbols in the drawings indicate the same members, and a redundant explanation of these members will be omitted.

First Embodiment FIGS. 1(a), (b), and (c) show the first embodiment of the present invention.
It is an explanatory view of an electromagnetic rotating machine of an example.

FIG. 1(b) shows a cross-sectional view taken along the plane AA' in FIG. 1(a).

In FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b), a rotating body l is fixed to a rotating shaft 2 located on an axis of rotational symmetry, and bearings are attached to second fixed yokes 4a and 4b that hold a first fixed yoke. It is rotatably supported via 3a and 3b.

The arms of the second fixed yokes 4a and 4b extend radially around the support portion of the rotating shaft 2 so as to surround the rotor 1, and are coupled to the ring-shaped first fixed yoke 5 from both sides thereof.

An armature coil 6a is attached to the arc portion of the first fixed yoke divided by the arms of the second fixed yokes 4a and 4b.
, 6b, 6c, and 6d are wound. armature coil 6a,
6b, 6c, and 6d are wound around the first fixed yoke 5 in the same direction, and 6a and 6b, 6b and 6c, and 6c and 6d are connected in series, respectively, and terminals 6ai of armature coils 6a and 6d, 6do is connected to a current drive circuit (not shown).

Next, the configuration of the rotating body l will be explained. A disk-shaped upper cover 101a and a lower cover 101b are fixed to both ends of the rotating shaft 2, and cylindrical magnets 102a and 102b are fixed to the opposing surfaces thereof.

Top lid 101a and bottom! 101b is made of a magnetic material such as soft iron.

As shown in FIG. 1(b), magnets 102a, 10
2b are magnetized in opposite directions. Figure 1(b)
The north poles are facing each other.

An outer casing 7 is fixed to the outer periphery of the magnets l02a and 102b so as to surround the magnets, forming a cylindrical rotating body 1. The outer casing 7 is made of a non-magnetic material such as aluminum.

Next, the magnetic path in the above configuration will be explained. For ease of understanding, lines of magnetic force are indicated by arrows, and magnetic bodies are indicated by diagonal lines in FIG. 1(b).

As shown in the figure, since the magnetization directions of the magnets 102a and 102b are opposite to each other, lines of magnetic force extend from the upper and lower ends of the rotating body l toward the center, collide at the center, and change direction toward the outer circumference of the first fixed yoke 5. has reached. At this time, one side of the armature coils 6a to 6d is crossed.

The magnetic field lines further run circumferentially in the first fixed yoke 5 and reach the second fixed yoke. This situation is shown by arrows in FIG.
b, and form a loop passing through the upper lids 101a and 101b.

The correctness of the magnetic path explained above is proven by considering the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuit constituted by the rotating body l, the first g, and the second fixed yokes 5.4a and 4b.

Next, the mechanism of generating rotational torque in the above configuration will be explained.

When driven as an electric motor, direct current is passed through the coils 68 to 6d from the terminals 6ai to 6do.

As shown in FIG. 1(a), the current flows from the back side of the page to the front side on the outer circumferential side, and from the front side of the page to the back side on the inner circumferential side (see also FIG. 1(b)).

In FIG. 1(a), the relationship between the magnetic lines of force, the coil, and the current in a plane cut along line BB' is shown in FIG. 1(d).

Each vertex of the coil is 6b1.6b2゜6b3.6
If b4 is also 6dl, 6d2.6d3°6d4, the current is 6b l-6b2-6b3-6b4 and 6dl-
It flows in the direction of 6d2-6d3-6d4.

According to the above explanation, the lines of magnetic force are connected to the armature coils 6a and 6d.
It crosses only one side 6b2-6b3 and 6d2-6d3 of each, and does not cross the other sides. Armature coils 6a and 60
The situation is also the same.

The Lorentz force is F=IL*B (* is the vector product,
(2) is the current flowing through the coil, B is the magnetic flux density, and L is the length of the coil where the magnetic flux crosses. ), so side 6
In b2-6b3, from the back side of the paper to the front side, sides 6d2-6d
In 3, the force acts from the front side of the paper to the back side.

If the structure consisting of the fixed yokes 4a, 4b, 5 and the armature coils 6a to 6d is fixed, the rotating body l will be as shown in FIG.
At a), rotate in the direction of arrow C.

According to the above configuration, since the magnetic flux density passing through the first fixed yoke 5, the second fixed yokes 4a, 4b, the upper cover 101a, and the lower cover 101b does not change, the iron loss is I/X0. When the armature coil is energized, it rotates as a DC motor, and the losses are only copper loss and mechanical loss, which has the effect of providing a highly efficient motor.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, since the magnetic circuit is phaseless, excellent drive characteristics without torque ripple can be obtained. Since there is no position detection element and semiconductor circuit, there is an effect that a heat resistant and inexpensive brushless motor can be obtained.

Since there is no phase switching, there is no generation of counter torque. Therefore, there is an effect that a high speed electric motor can be obtained.

When the rotating body 1 is driven in one direction by a driving source, an induced voltage is generated in each armature coil, so that it becomes a generator.

The effect is the same as when used as an electric motor. This is an effective method because there is no ripple in the output voltage. The arrangement of each member in the first embodiment is merely an example, and modifications such as those shown in the second and subsequent embodiments are possible.

Second Embodiment FIG. 2(a) shows a second embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention. The difference from the first embodiment is that the outer casing 7 is divided into 7A and 7B, and in the space between magnets 102a and 102b, there is a first fixed yoke 5 and an armature coil 6a wound around it.

6b, 6c, and 6d are included in the structure.

As shown in Fig. 2(b), the magnetic flux is at the side 6 of the armature coil.
When a current is passed through the armature coil in the direction of the arrow across bl-6b2.6b2-6b3°6b3-6b4, a Lorentz force is generated from the back side of the page to the front side.

The same applies to the other coils 6, where the Lorentz force is F and the direction in which the force acts is indicated by an arrow. As can be seen from FIG. 2(b), since the wire length of the coil that the magnetic flux crosses is longer, more torque is generated than in the first embodiment.

Third embodiment FIG. 3(a) shows a third embodiment of the present invention.

A fixed yoke 58 and armature coils 6a, 6b, 6c are provided to reduce the height h in the rotation axis direction.

Fixed yoke 501 and armature coils 6a, 6b, 6c with different thickness and width ratios of 6d.

6d (6c and 6d are not shown), and the magnet 10
In the space sandwiched between 2a and 102b, the fixed yoke extends to the inner periphery.

Figure 3(b) shows the relationship between the armature coil and magnetic flux601b
When a current is passed through the armature coil in the direction of the arrow across the three sides of 3-601, a Lorentz force F is generated from the back side of the page to the front side. With the above configuration, a thin electric motor or generator can be constructed.

Furthermore, the thickness can be reduced by removing either one of the magnets 102a or 102b and the second fixed yoke surrounding it.

In each of the fourth and subsequent embodiments, magnets are placed above and below the rotating body 1.
02a and 102b, however, rotational drive or power generation is possible based on the same principle even in a structure in which only one of the illustrated structures is divided into upper and lower halves in the figure. From this point of view, a structure (fourth embodiment) as shown in FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) can be considered.

Compared to the third embodiment, the magnet 102b, the lower lid 10lb, the outer casing 7b, and the second fixed yoke 4b are removed. The first fixed yoke 502 has a structure in which the bearing 301 is held at the center thereof, and rotatably supports the rotating shaft l.

FIG. 5(b) is a view of FIG. 5(a) viewed from below, and the armature coil 601a, 6
01b, 601c.

601d is wound.

The relationship between the armature coil and magnetic flux at the c-c' cross section is shown in Figure 5 (
Shown in c). The magnetic flux is on the side 601b of the armature coil 601b
l-601b2゜60 l b2-601 b3 When a current is passed through the armature coil in the direction of the arrow, a Lorentz force F is generated from the back side of the page to the front side.

Fifth Embodiment FIG. 4 shows a fifth embodiment. Comparing with FIG. 3, an electromagnet is used as a means for generating magnetic flux instead of the magnets 102a and 102b.

The coil 103a that generates magnetic flux is connected to the second fixed yoke 4a.
103b is fixed to 4b.

The magnetic cores 104a and 104b are spaced apart and fixed to the rotating shaft 2, and are rotatably supported by bearings 3a and 3b.

The magnetic flux generated by the coils 103a and 103b is
04a and 104b are magnetized and cross the armature coil to generate Lorentz force. If electromagnets are used instead of magnets, the cost of materials will be lower, making it possible to provide an inexpensive electric motor.

In any of the second to fifth embodiments, it goes without saying that the illustrated rotating machine can also be used as a generator as is.6 [Effects of the Invention] As described above, in the present invention, the rotating machine , first and second rotors having substantially the same cylindrical shape and magnetized in opposite directions in the direction of the rotational symmetry axis;
and a rotating body consisting of a rotating shaft of a non-magnetic material passing through the rotationally symmetrical axis of the first and second rotors, which fix the second rotor in a spaced manner in the respective magnetization directions; a first fixed yoke made of a donut-shaped magnetic material disposed on the outer periphery of the rotor at approximately the middle of the separation distance of the rotors, or at a position sandwiched by the first and second rotors; , at least one second fixed yoke coupled to the first fixed yoke and extended so as to surround the outside of the rotating body;
a supporting means comprising a bearing rotatably supporting a portion of the rotating shaft protruding from the rotary body at an end of the fixed yoke; and a first fixed yoke divided by the second fixed yoke. and an armature coil wound around at least one circular arc portion of A configuration used as either a DC motor that generates a relative unidirectional rotational torque between the rotating body and the support means by applied DC current, or in the above configuration, one of the rotating bodies Since the rotor is omitted, l) an electric motor with flat torque characteristics without torque ripple or a generator with no ripple voltage can be obtained.

2) Since it is driven without phase, there is no need for a rectifier, it is brushless, and the energization control circuit for armature current control is removed.

3) Since no counter-torque is generated, a rotating machine capable of high-speed rotation can be obtained.

4) Since there is no iron loss and no counter torque is generated, a highly efficient electric motor or generator can be obtained.

5) Since there is no change in the amount of energization in the armature coil and the direction of energization, electromagnetic noise and mechanical vibration are significantly reduced.

6) Since there is no phase switching, there is no iron loss. Therefore, a soft steel material, or a sintered product of mild steel powder or silicon steel powder can be used as the magnetic core. Therefore, the structure becomes extremely simple and inexpensive.

It has excellent advantages such as:

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1(a) is a top view of a first embodiment of a rotating machine according to the present invention, FIG. 1(b) is a longitudinal sectional view of the first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1(c) is a top view of a first embodiment of a rotating machine according to the present invention. Side view of the first embodiment of the present invention, first
Figure (d) is an explanatory diagram of the principles of torque generation and induced voltage generation in the first embodiment, and Figure 2 (a) is a longitudinal sectional view of the second embodiment of the rotating machine according to the present invention. (b) is an explanatory diagram of the principle of torque generation and induced voltage generation in the second embodiment, FIG. 3(a) is a vertical cross-sectional view of the third embodiment of the rotating machine according to the present invention, and FIG. 3(b) is an explanatory diagram of the principles of torque generation and induced voltage generation in the third embodiment, FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the fifth embodiment of the rotating machine according to the present invention, and FIG. Longitudinal cross-sectional view of the fourth embodiment of the machine, FIG. 5(b)
is a bottom view of the fourth embodiment, and FIG. 5(c) is an explanatory diagram of the principles of torque generation and induced voltage generation in the fourth embodiment of the present invention. l... Rotating body 2... Rotating shafts 4a, 4b-
...Second fixed yoke 5...First fixed yoke 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d-armature coils 102a, 10
2b=-Magnets 101a, 101b---Upper cover and lower cover (magnetic material) 7-・
・Outer casing (non-magnetic material) 103a, 103b-- Coil 10 for generating magnetic flux
4a, 104b - Magnetic core of electromagnet Top view of the first embodiment FIG. 1(a) Longitudinal sectional view of the first embodiment FIG. 1(b) Longitudinal sectional view of the second embodiment FIG. 2(a) An explanatory diagram of the operating principle of the second embodiment Fig. 2 (b) A side view of the first embodiment Fig. 1 (C) An explanatory diagram of the operating principle of the first embodiment Fig. 1 (d) Fig. 3 (a) FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the fifth embodiment.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1) First and second rotors that have substantially the same cylindrical shape and are magnetized in opposite directions in the direction of the axis of rotational symmetry; A rotating body consisting of a rotating shaft of a non-magnetic material passing through the rotationally symmetrical axis of first and second rotors that are spaced apart and fixed in the magnetization direction, and approximately halfway between the separation distance of the first and second rotors. a first fixed yoke made of a donut-shaped magnetic material disposed on the outer periphery of the rotor or at a position sandwiched between the first and second rotors; , at least one second fixed yoke extending so as to surround the outside of the rotating body, and a portion of the rotating shaft protruding from the rotating body at an end of the second fixed yoke; The armature coil is composed of a support means consisting of a bearing means that supports freely, and an armature coil wound around at least one circular arc portion of the first fixed yoke divided by the second fixed yoke, and A generator that derives a generated voltage induced in each armature coil by the rotation of the body, or a relative unidirectional generator between the rotating body and the support means using a direct current applied to each armature coil. A rotating machine characterized by being configured as any DC motor that generates rotational torque. 2) a cylindrical rotor magnetized in the direction of the axis of rotational symmetry;
a rotating body made of a non-magnetic rotating shaft passing through the rotational symmetry axis of the rotor; a first stationary yoke made of a donut-shaped magnetic substance disposed near one end of the rotating body; at least one second fixed yoke coupled to the first fixed yoke and extended so as to surround the outside of the rotating body; and at an end of the second fixed yoke, the rotation of the rotating shaft The protruding portion from the body is wound around at least one circular arc portion of a first fixed yoke divided by the second fixed yoke and a supporting means that rotatably supports the rotating shaft. and an armature coil, which derives a generated voltage induced in each armature coil by the rotation of the rotating body, or a generator that generates a generated voltage induced in each armature coil by the rotation of the rotating body, or a DC current applied to each armature coil connects the rotating body A rotating machine characterized in that it is configured as any one of a direct current motor that generates a relative unidirectional rotational torque between support means.