JPH0455408B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0455408B2
JPH0455408B2 JP62024713A JP2471387A JPH0455408B2 JP H0455408 B2 JPH0455408 B2 JP H0455408B2 JP 62024713 A JP62024713 A JP 62024713A JP 2471387 A JP2471387 A JP 2471387A JP H0455408 B2 JPH0455408 B2 JP H0455408B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
catalyst
reaction
alkylstyrenes
ether
clay
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP62024713A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS63192727A (en
Inventor
Tomyasu Minoe
Toshuki Tsubochi
Kazuaki Abe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd filed Critical Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd
Priority to JP62024713A priority Critical patent/JPS63192727A/en
Publication of JPS63192727A publication Critical patent/JPS63192727A/en
Publication of JPH0455408B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0455408B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 [産業上の利用分野] 本発明は、α−アルキルスチレン類を反応させ
α−アルキルスチレン類の不飽和二量体を選択的
に収率よく製造する方法に関する。 これらの生成物はトラクシヨンドライブ流体又
はベース潤滑油の原料、塗料用溶剤、電気絶縁
油、重合調節剤等として重要である。 [従来の技術] 一般にα−アルキルスチレン類を重合するとそ
の重合物として飽和二量体、不飽和二量体及び三
量体以上の高沸点物が生成する。 例えば、α−メチルスチレンを重合すると飽和
二量体である1,1,3−トリメチル−3−フエ
ニルインダン、不飽和二量体である2,4−ジフ
エニル−4−メチルペンテン−1及び2,4−ジ
フエニル−4−メチルペンテン−2、さらに三量
体以上の高沸点物として、1,3−ジメチル−3
−フエニル−1−(2−メチル−2−フエニルプ
ロピル)インダン等が生成する。このうち特に用
途面で有利な不飽和二量体を高純度に得る方法と
して従来より種々の方法が提案されている。 例えば、触媒として活性白土、酸性白土等の固
体酸又は陽イオン交換樹脂に水、二価アルコール
等を共存させる方法が提案されている(特公昭49
−32845号公報)。 しかしこの方法では、触媒が水又は多価アルコ
ールを強く吸着するため、ブロツキングが生じ、
ブロツキングした触媒が反応容器壁や内部コイル
周辺に付着し触媒効率が低下したり、熱伝導不足
により反応温度の制御が困難となる。 また、酸性白土又は活性白土を触媒とし脂肪族
単一エーテル、脂肪族混成エーテル及び環式エー
テルを共存させる方法が提案されている(特開昭
57−62228号公報)。この方法ではブロツキングは
発生しないが、三量体以上の高沸点物の量が多
く、なり、目的とする不飽和二量体の選択性が低
い上に、α−メチルスチレン当たりの触媒の使用
量や共存させる有機化合物の使用量が多いなどの
欠点がある。 さらに、陽イオン交換樹脂、活性白土等の酸触
媒に反応調節化合物として分子内に孤立電子対を
有する物質、スルホン類、チオフエン、ニトリル
及び環状エステル類を共存させる方法が提案され
ている(特開昭59−204139号公報)。 これらの方法では、三量体以上の高沸点物の量
が多いため目的とする不飽和二量体の選択性が低
い上に、触媒もα−メチルスチレン100重量部当
たり8重量部という多量の使用を必要とする欠点
がある。 さらに、活性白土、酸性白土にエチレングリコ
ールモノエーテル(セロソルブ)を共存させる方
法が提案されている(特開昭59−190927号号公
報)。 この方法では無溶媒で反応した場合、発熱反応
により反応温度の調節が困難であるし、また共存
させるセロソルブもα−メチルスチレン100重量
部当たり5〜10重量部と多く使用しなければなら
ない欠点がある。 [発明が解決しようとする問題点] 本発明は、α−アルキルスチレン類の2量化反
応において、活性白土又は酸性白土からなる触媒
に適切な助触媒を組み合わせた触媒系により、触
媒消費量を少なくし、一定の反応率を保持しなが
ら、良好な選択率で、α−アルキルスチレン類の
二量体を製造することを目的とする。 [問題点を解決するための手段] 本発明者らは、従来より使用されている活性白
土又は酸性白土からなる触媒に組み合わせる助触
媒を種々検討し、上記目的を達成するため鋭意研
究した結果、助触媒としてポリアルキレングリコ
ールアルキルエーテル類の使用が有効であること
を見出し本発明を完成した。 すなわち、α−アルキルスチレン類を活性白土
又は酸性白土からなる触媒と、一般式 (式中、R1は炭素数1〜6のアルキル基であ
り、R2,R3は水素又はメチル基であり、nは2
又は3の数である) で表される助触媒の存在下で二量化反応させるα
−アルキルスチレン類の不飽和二量体の製造方法
を提供するものである。 本発明に用いるα−アルキルスチレン類は、α
位置の炭素原子に炭素数1〜3のアルキル基を有
するスチレン類が使用でき、これらのベンゼン核
に炭素数1〜4の低級アルキル置換基を1個又は
複数個有するものも使用でき、さらにこれらのα
−アルキルスチレン類の2種以上の混合物を使用
できる。このような混合物を使用したときは共二
量化反応が起こり共二量化物が得られる。 本発明に用いる触媒は、活性白土又は酸性白土
であつて仕込みのα−アルキルスチレン100重量
部に対して、0.1〜4重量部、好ましくは、0.5〜
3重量部の使用量で効率よく反応を進行させるこ
とができる。 本発明に用いる助触媒は一般式で表されるも
ので、例えば、ジエチレングリコールモノメチル
エーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエー
テル、ジエチレングリコールモノ−n−プロピル
エーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノ−iso−プ
ロピルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノ−n
−ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノ−
iso−ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモ
ノ−tert−ブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコー
ルモノヘキシルエーテル、トリエチレングリコー
ルモノメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコール
モノエチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールモ
ノブチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノ
メチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエ
チルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノエ
チルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールモノヘ
キシルエーテルなどが使用でき、これらの助触媒
を、α−アルキルスチレン類100重量部に対し、
0.1〜6重量部を添加することにより効率よく反
応を進行させることができる。助触媒の添加量が
触媒量に比して多すぎると反応率が少し低下す
る。助触媒は触媒の重量に対して0.1〜10倍量、
好ましくは、0.3〜6倍量使用できる。 本発明は、回分式、流通式等どのような反応形
式でも実施でき、例えば回分式では反応条件は温
度60〜160℃、好ましくは、100〜140℃において、
α−アルキルスチレン類に触媒及び助触媒を添加
して数時間かきまぜながら接触させて、二量化反
応を行わせることができ、また流通式の場合は上
記温度に維持された触媒層に原料と助触媒の混合
物を数時間の滞留時間で流通させて二量化反応を
実施することができる。 本発明は炭化水素等の不活性溶媒中で実施する
こともできるが、本発明の製造方法は温度制御が
容易なため無溶媒でも十分実施できる。 反応温度が低いと反応率及び選択率ともに低下
し、高過ぎると高沸点物が多く生成し選択率が低
下する。 本発明によつて次の一般式 及び (式中、R4,R8は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基
であり、R5,R7は水素原子又は1〜5個からな
る炭素数1〜4のアルキル置換基であつて、これ
らはそれぞれ複数個存在していてもよく、R6は
炭素数がR8と同数のアルキレン基であり、R4と
R8及びR5とR7は同一の置換基である場合もある) で表される二量体が混合物として得られる。 本発明において、副生物として生成する飽和二
量体は式 (式中、R4,R5,R7及びR8は前記と同じ意味
をもつ)の構造を有する1,1,3−トリアルキ
ル−3−フエニルインダン類である。 [発明の効果] 本発明の製造方法は、副生物である飽和二量体
及び三量体以上の高沸点物の生成を抑制し、α−
アルキルスチレン類の不飽和二量体を選択的にか
つ収率よく製造でき、触媒のブロツキングによる
触媒の損失がないので触媒消費量を節約でき、無
溶媒でも反応温度の調節が容易であり、触媒をろ
過、遠心分離等により簡単に除去できて工程が簡
単であり、生成液が中性で装置の腐食もない等多
くの利点を有している。 [実施例] 本発明を実施例によりさらに詳細に説明する。 実施例 1 還流冷却器、かきまぜ機及び温度計を備えた反
応容器に活性白土(水沢化学工業株式会社製ガレ
オンアースNS)2g、ジエチレングリコールモ
ノエチルエーテル1g及びα−メチルスチレン
100gを入れ温度105℃に加熱し、4時間かきまぜ
た。 反応終了後、生成液をガスクロマトグラフイー
により分析し、α−メチルスチレンの転換率と
2,4−ジフエニル−4−メチル−1−ペンテン
及び2,4−ジフエニル−4−メチル−2−ペン
テンの混合物としての目的不飽和二量体並びに
1,1,3−トリメチル−3−フエニルインダン
である飽和二量体並びに三量体以上の物質からな
る高沸点物の選択率を表に示した。 実施例 2〜9 表に示す条件で実施例1と同様に反応を行つ
た。結果を表に示す。以上の実施例においては反
応中の発熱及び触媒のブロツキングは起こらなか
つた。 比較例 1〜4 比較例1は有機化合物を用いないで、比較例
2,3及び4では、それぞれジエチレングリコー
ル、1,4−ジオキサン及び無水酢酸を用いて、
表に示す条件で実施例1と同様に反応を行つた。
結果を表に示す。 比較例1においては、反応率及び選択率が低
く、比較例2はブロツキングが発生し、触媒及び
助触媒の消費量が多く、比較例3及び4は触媒の
消費量及び副生物が多くなつている。 比較例 5 実施例1の反応容器に活性白土1g、メチルセ
ロソルブ(エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテ
ル)5g及びα−メチルスチレン100gを入れ、
かきまぜながら加熱した。110℃付近から発熱反
応が見られたので加熱を中止し、冷却により反応
温度を100℃に保ちながら2時間かきまぜた。こ
の間発熱のため反応温度の調節が困難であつた。 反応終了後の生成液の分析は、実施例1と同様
に行つた。結果を表に示す。 【表】
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a method for reacting α-alkylstyrenes to selectively produce unsaturated dimers of α-alkylstyrenes in good yield. These products are important as raw materials for traction drive fluids or base lubricating oils, paint solvents, electrical insulation oils, polymerization regulators, and the like. [Prior Art] Generally, when α-alkylstyrenes are polymerized, high-boiling substances such as saturated dimers, unsaturated dimers, and trimers are produced as the polymerized products. For example, when α-methylstyrene is polymerized, the saturated dimer 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindane, the unsaturated dimer 2,4-diphenyl-4-methylpentene-1 and 2,4 -diphenyl-4-methylpentene-2, and as a trimer or higher boiling point substance, 1,3-dimethyl-3
-Phenyl-1-(2-methyl-2-phenylpropyl)indane and the like are produced. Among these, various methods have heretofore been proposed as methods for obtaining highly pure unsaturated dimers, which are particularly advantageous in terms of use. For example, a method has been proposed in which a solid acid such as activated clay or acid clay or a cation exchange resin is made to coexist with water, dihydric alcohol, etc. as a catalyst (Special Publication No. 49
-32845). However, in this method, blocking occurs because the catalyst strongly adsorbs water or polyhydric alcohol.
Blocked catalyst adheres to the walls of the reaction vessel and around the internal coil, reducing catalyst efficiency and making it difficult to control the reaction temperature due to insufficient heat conduction. Furthermore, a method has been proposed in which a single aliphatic ether, an aliphatic hybrid ether, and a cyclic ether coexist using acid clay or activated clay as a catalyst (JP-A-Sho
57-62228). Although blocking does not occur in this method, the amount of high-boiling substances higher than trimer is large, and the selectivity for the target unsaturated dimer is low, and the amount of catalyst used per α-methylstyrene is low. However, there are disadvantages such as the large amount of organic compounds used. Furthermore, a method has been proposed in which a substance having a lone pair of electrons in the molecule, sulfones, thiophenes, nitriles, and cyclic esters coexists with an acid catalyst such as a cation exchange resin or activated clay as a reaction control compound (Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No. Publication No. 59-204139). In these methods, the selectivity for the target unsaturated dimer is low due to the large amount of high-boiling substances higher than trimer, and the catalyst is also used in a large amount of 8 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of α-methylstyrene. There are drawbacks that require use. Furthermore, a method has been proposed in which activated clay or acid clay is made to coexist with ethylene glycol monoether (cellosolve) (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 190927/1982). In this method, when the reaction is carried out without a solvent, it is difficult to control the reaction temperature due to the exothermic reaction, and a large amount of cellosolve must be used at 5 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of α-methylstyrene. be. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention reduces the amount of catalyst consumed in the dimerization reaction of α-alkylstyrenes by using a catalyst system in which a catalyst made of activated clay or acid clay is combined with an appropriate co-catalyst. The purpose of the present invention is to produce a dimer of α-alkylstyrenes with good selectivity while maintaining a constant reaction rate. [Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventors have studied various co-catalysts to be combined with conventionally used catalysts made of activated clay or acidic clay, and as a result of intensive research to achieve the above object, The present invention was completed by discovering that polyalkylene glycol alkyl ethers are effective as promoters. That is, α-alkylstyrenes are combined with a catalyst consisting of activated clay or acidic clay, and the general formula (In the formula, R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen or a methyl group, and n is 2
or the number of 3) in the presence of a co-catalyst represented by α
- A method for producing an unsaturated dimer of alkylstyrenes is provided. The α-alkylstyrenes used in the present invention are α-
Styrenes having an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms on the carbon atom at the position can be used, and styrenes having one or more lower alkyl substituents having 1 to 4 carbon atoms on the benzene nucleus can also be used. α of
- Mixtures of two or more alkylstyrenes can be used. When such a mixture is used, a co-dimerization reaction occurs and a co-dimer product is obtained. The catalyst used in the present invention is activated clay or acid clay, and is 0.1 to 4 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 4 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of α-alkylstyrene charged.
The reaction can proceed efficiently with an amount of 3 parts by weight. The co-catalyst used in the present invention is represented by the general formula, and examples thereof include diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-iso-propyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-
-Butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-
iso-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-tert-butyl ether, diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monoethyl ether, tripropylene Glycol monoethyl ether, tripropylene glycol monohexyl ether, etc. can be used, and these promoters are added to 100 parts by weight of α-alkylstyrenes,
By adding 0.1 to 6 parts by weight, the reaction can proceed efficiently. If the amount of co-catalyst added is too large compared to the amount of catalyst, the reaction rate will decrease a little. The co-catalyst is used in an amount of 0.1 to 10 times the weight of the catalyst.
Preferably, 0.3 to 6 times the amount can be used. The present invention can be carried out in any reaction format such as a batch type or a flow type. For example, in a batch type, the reaction conditions are at a temperature of 60 to 160°C, preferably 100 to 140°C,
A dimerization reaction can be carried out by adding a catalyst and a co-catalyst to α-alkylstyrenes and bringing them into contact with each other for several hours while stirring.In addition, in the case of a flow type, the raw material and co-catalyst are placed in a catalyst layer maintained at the above temperature. The dimerization reaction can be carried out by flowing the mixture of catalysts with a residence time of several hours. Although the present invention can be carried out in an inert solvent such as a hydrocarbon, the production method of the present invention can be carried out without a solvent since temperature control is easy. If the reaction temperature is too low, both the reaction rate and selectivity will decrease, and if it is too high, a large amount of high boiling point substances will be produced and the selectivity will decrease. According to the present invention, the following general formula as well as (In the formula, R 4 and R 8 are alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and R 5 and R 7 are hydrogen atoms or 1 to 5 alkyl substituents having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; may exist in plural numbers, R 6 is an alkylene group with the same number of carbon atoms as R 8 , and R 4 and
(R 8 and R 5 and R 7 may be the same substituent) A dimer represented by the following is obtained as a mixture. In the present invention, the saturated dimer produced as a by-product has the formula (In the formula, R 4 , R 5 , R 7 and R 8 have the same meanings as above). [Effects of the Invention] The production method of the present invention suppresses the production of high-boiling substances such as saturated dimers and trimers as by-products, and
Unsaturated dimers of alkylstyrenes can be produced selectively and in high yields. There is no loss of catalyst due to catalyst blocking, so catalyst consumption can be saved. The reaction temperature can be easily adjusted even without a solvent. can be easily removed by filtration, centrifugation, etc., the process is simple, the produced liquid is neutral, and there is no corrosion of equipment, etc. It has many advantages. [Example] The present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples. Example 1 2 g of activated clay (Galleon Earth NS manufactured by Mizusawa Chemical Co., Ltd.), 1 g of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and α-methylstyrene were placed in a reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser, a stirrer, and a thermometer.
100g was added, heated to 105℃, and stirred for 4 hours. After the reaction, the product liquid was analyzed by gas chromatography to determine the conversion rate of α-methylstyrene and the conversion of 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-1-pentene and 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-2-pentene. The selectivity of the desired unsaturated dimer as a mixture and the saturated dimer and trimer of 1,1,3-trimethyl-3-phenylindane and higher boiling point substances are shown in the table. Examples 2 to 9 Reactions were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 under the conditions shown in the table. The results are shown in the table. In the above examples, no heat generation or blocking of the catalyst occurred during the reaction. Comparative Examples 1 to 4 Comparative Example 1 did not use an organic compound, and Comparative Examples 2, 3, and 4 used diethylene glycol, 1,4-dioxane, and acetic anhydride, respectively.
A reaction was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 under the conditions shown in the table.
The results are shown in the table. In Comparative Example 1, the reaction rate and selectivity were low, in Comparative Example 2, blocking occurred and the consumption of catalyst and co-catalyst was large, and in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the consumption of catalyst and by-products were large. There is. Comparative Example 5 1 g of activated clay, 5 g of methyl cellosolve (ethylene glycol monomethyl ether) and 100 g of α-methylstyrene were placed in the reaction vessel of Example 1,
Heat while stirring. An exothermic reaction was observed at around 110°C, so heating was stopped and stirring was continued for 2 hours while maintaining the reaction temperature at 100°C by cooling. During this time, it was difficult to control the reaction temperature due to heat generation. Analysis of the product liquid after the reaction was completed in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in the table. 【table】

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 α−アルキルスチレン類を活性白土又は酸性
白土からなる触媒と、一般式 (式中、R1は炭素数1〜6のアルキル基であ
り、R2,R3は水素又はメチル基であり、nは2
又は3の数である) で表される助触媒の存在下で二量化反応させるこ
とを特徴とするα−アルキルスチレン類の不飽和
二量体の製造方法。
[Scope of Claims] 1 α-alkylstyrenes are combined with a catalyst consisting of activated clay or acid clay, and the general formula (In the formula, R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen or a methyl group, and n is 2
or 3) A method for producing an unsaturated dimer of α-alkylstyrenes, characterized by carrying out a dimerization reaction in the presence of a promoter represented by:
JP62024713A 1987-02-06 1987-02-06 Production of unsaturated dimer of alpha-alkylstyrenes Granted JPS63192727A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62024713A JPS63192727A (en) 1987-02-06 1987-02-06 Production of unsaturated dimer of alpha-alkylstyrenes

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62024713A JPS63192727A (en) 1987-02-06 1987-02-06 Production of unsaturated dimer of alpha-alkylstyrenes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS63192727A JPS63192727A (en) 1988-08-10
JPH0455408B2 true JPH0455408B2 (en) 1992-09-03

Family

ID=12145810

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JP62024713A Granted JPS63192727A (en) 1987-02-06 1987-02-06 Production of unsaturated dimer of alpha-alkylstyrenes

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104030881A (en) * 2014-06-05 2014-09-10 浙江力捷化工科技有限公司 Method for heterogeneously and continuously preparing alpha-methylstyrene linear dimer

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WO2025198157A1 (en) * 2024-03-19 2025-09-25 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 Polymer composition and coating composition comprising same

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JPS4932845A (en) * 1972-07-27 1974-03-26
JPS5231866A (en) * 1975-08-29 1977-03-10 Snow Brand Milk Products Co Ltd Method of producing yogurt wrapped with jelly
JPS5762228A (en) * 1980-10-03 1982-04-15 Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd Preparation of 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-pentene

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104030881A (en) * 2014-06-05 2014-09-10 浙江力捷化工科技有限公司 Method for heterogeneously and continuously preparing alpha-methylstyrene linear dimer

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