JPH0455565A - Soundproof floor - Google Patents
Soundproof floorInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0455565A JPH0455565A JP2167651A JP16765190A JPH0455565A JP H0455565 A JPH0455565 A JP H0455565A JP 2167651 A JP2167651 A JP 2167651A JP 16765190 A JP16765190 A JP 16765190A JP H0455565 A JPH0455565 A JP H0455565A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mass plate
- soundproof
- mass
- plate
- elastic layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011120 plywood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Floor Finish (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、特に床衝撃音を低減させる防音床に関するも
のである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention particularly relates to a soundproof floor that reduces floor impact noise.
近年、集合住宅の床は、衛生、メンテナンス上の問題よ
りカーペットから木質床に移行しているさらに、木質床
は表面が硬いため、床衝撃音が太き（なるので、防音木
質床が開発されている。In recent years, floors in apartment complexes have shifted from carpets to wood floors due to hygiene and maintenance issues.Furthermore, wood floors have a hard surface, so the floor impact noise is louder, so soundproof wood floors have been developed. ing.
ところが、防音木質床は、防音性能を上げようとすれば
、ヤング率の小さい制振シートや下地材を用いることに
なり、その柔らかさゆえに、耐荷重性や強度が著しく低
下するものである。However, in order to improve the soundproofing performance of a soundproof wooden floor, a damping sheet or base material with a low Young's modulus must be used, and due to its softness, the load bearing capacity and strength are significantly reduced.
さらに、防音性能上、低周波音、特に１オクタ一ブバン
ド中心周波数で１２５Ｈｚの音の低減は困難であり、そ
の性能には限界があった。Furthermore, in terms of soundproofing performance, it is difficult to reduce low-frequency sounds, especially sounds with a center frequency of 125 Hz in a one-octave band, and there is a limit to its performance.
本発明は、上記欠点を鑑みてなされたものでその目的と
するところは、耐荷重性や強度などの床の基本機能を満
足させながら、特に低周波数の床衝撃音を低減させるこ
とにある。The present invention has been developed in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, and its purpose is to reduce floor impact noise, especially at low frequencies, while satisfying the basic functions of floors such as load bearing capacity and strength.
本発明は、面密度と曲げ剛性の積め月、０Ｘ１０３〜１
．ＯＸ １０ｈＣｋｇ” ／Ｓ” ） 、あるいはそれ
以下である質量板の下部に密接するように、単位面積当
りのバネ定数と質量板の面密度の比が１．０×１０Ｓ〜
１．０×１０５ （１／Ｓ”］、あるいはそれ以上で
ある弾性層を設置したものである。The present invention has a cumulative area density and bending rigidity of 0X103~1.
．． The ratio of the spring constant per unit area to the areal density of the mass plate is 1.0 x 10S~ so that the ratio of the spring constant per unit area to the surface density of the mass plate is 1.0 x 10S~ or less.
An elastic layer of 1.0×10 5 (1/S”) or more is installed.
また、質量板の上部に密接するように表面板と弾性シー
トを設置したものや、上記弾性シートをフレーク状粉体
を混入した合成樹脂シートとしたものも有効である。It is also effective to have a surface plate and an elastic sheet placed in close contact with the upper part of the mass plate, or to use the elastic sheet as a synthetic resin sheet mixed with flake powder.
ここで、フレーク状粉体とはマイカ、バーミキユライト
、ガラスフレークなどである。Here, the flaky powder includes mica, vermiculite, glass flakes, and the like.
軽量床衝撃音の低減には、従来、表面層のバネ定数を小
さく、すなわち柔らかくして、衝撃力を緩和する方法が
とられてきたが、防音性能を上げるため、低周波音を低
減させようとすれば、床が柔らかくなり、耐荷重性を維
持できないという問題があった。Conventionally, the method of reducing impact noise from lightweight floors has been to reduce the spring constant of the surface layer, in other words to soften it, to alleviate the impact force, but in order to improve soundproofing performance, it is necessary to reduce low-frequency sounds. If so, there was a problem that the floor became soft and could not maintain its load bearing capacity.
本発明では、第６図に示す如く、質量板と弾性層による
共振周波数ｆｒより高い周波数での防振効果を利用し、
その共振周波数を低周波領域に持ってくることにより、
防振効果を低周波数で実現し、床衝撃音を低減させるも
のである。In the present invention, as shown in FIG. 6, by utilizing the vibration-proofing effect of the mass plate and the elastic layer at a frequency higher than the resonance frequency fr,
By bringing the resonant frequency to the low frequency region,
It achieves a vibration-proofing effect at low frequencies and reduces floor impact noise.
その原理は、第１に上記防振効果をもたらすための条件
、すなわち、質量板の有効質量ｍｅが衝撃源の質量Ｍよ
り大きいという条件を満たす必要がある。質量板の有効
質量ｍａは、質量板の曲げ剛性Ｄ、面密度ｍａおよび衝
撃力の固有周波数数ｒｐより
で表わされる。The principle is that, first, it is necessary to satisfy the condition for producing the above-mentioned vibration damping effect, that is, the effective mass me of the mass plate is larger than the mass M of the impact source. The effective mass ma of the mass plate is expressed by the bending rigidity D of the mass plate, the surface density ma, and the natural frequency number rp of the impact force.
ここで、衝撃源の質量Ｍは、軽量衝撃の場合、ＪＩＳで
定められたタッピングマシンのハンマの質量とすると、
Ｍ＝０．５（ｋｇ）である。Here, the mass M of the impact source is the mass of the hammer of the tapping machine specified by JIS in the case of a light impact.
M=0.5 (kg).
衝撃力の固有周波数ｆＰは、質量板と弾性層を合わせた
単位面積当たりのバネ定数で決まるが、概ね、８０〜２
０００ （Ｈｚ）である。The natural frequency fP of the impact force is determined by the spring constant per unit area of the mass plate and elastic layer, and is approximately 80 to 2.
000 (Hz).
以上のことと（１）式より、防振効果をもたらす条件は
、
Ｄ−ｍａ≧１．ＯＸ １０３〜１０’ （２
）となり、質量板の曲げ剛性と面密度の積が、好ましく
は１．０Ｘ１０３〜１．０×１０５ （ｋｇ”／Ｓ”
］、あるいはそれ以上と制限される。From the above and equation (1), the conditions that bring about the vibration damping effect are: D-ma≧1. OX 103~10' (2
), and the product of the bending rigidity and areal density of the mass plate is preferably 1.0×103 to 1.0×105 (kg”/S”
], or more.
また、防振効果は、第６図より、質量板と弾性層の共振
周波数ｆｒの ２倍より高い周波数で起こるので、その
効果を防音性能を決める低周波領域（１２５〜５００
（Ｈｚ））でもたらすためには、共振周波数ｆｒが、質
量板の面密度ｍａと弾性層の単位面積当りのバネ定数に
ａを）を用いてと表わせるので、この共振周波数ｆｒが
、８０〜３５０ （Ｈｚ〕であるか、あるいはそれ以下
である必要がある。Furthermore, as shown in Figure 6, the vibration-proofing effect occurs at a frequency higher than twice the resonance frequency fr of the mass plate and the elastic layer, so the effect is measured in the low-frequency region (125 to 500) that determines the soundproofing performance.
(Hz)), the resonant frequency fr can be expressed by using the areal density ma of the mass plate and the spring constant per unit area of the elastic layer as ), so this resonant frequency fr is 80 ~350 (Hz) or lower.
これより、弾性層の単位面積当りのバネ定数にａと質量
板の面密度ｍａの比（にａ／ｍａ）が、好ましくは１．
０×１０５ 〜１．０×１０５ （１／Ｓ” ）、あ
るいはそれ以下と制限される。From this, the ratio of the spring constant per unit area of the elastic layer a to the areal density ma of the mass plate (a/ma) is preferably 1.
It is limited to 0x105 to 1.0x105 (1/S") or less.
一方、質量板の上部に、表面板および弾性シートを設置
すると、弾性シートによる衝撃力緩和効果があるため、
さらに防音性能を向上させることができる。On the other hand, if a surface plate and an elastic sheet are installed on top of the mass plate, the elastic sheet will have an effect of mitigating the impact force.
Furthermore, soundproofing performance can be improved.
さらに、上記弾性シートを、フレーク状粉体を混入した
合成樹脂シートとした場合、フレーク状粉体の粒界摩擦
による損失の増大によって、より一層防音性能を向上さ
せることができる。Furthermore, when the elastic sheet is a synthetic resin sheet mixed with flake-like powder, the soundproofing performance can be further improved due to the increase in loss due to grain boundary friction of the flake-like powder.
さらに、本発明では、高剛性・高密度の質量板、高弾性
の弾性層を用いて、上記条件を満足させれば、高い防音
性能かつ高耐荷重性および高強度の床を得ることができ
る。Furthermore, in the present invention, if the above conditions are satisfied by using a high-rigidity, high-density mass plate and a high-elasticity elastic layer, a floor with high soundproofing performance, high load-bearing capacity, and high strength can be obtained. .
なお、質量板と弾性層はあらかじめ接合一体止しておい
てもよいし、施工現場で、順次積層接合してもよい。Note that the mass plate and the elastic layer may be joined together in advance, or may be laminated and joined one after another at the construction site.
また質量板、弾性層、該弾性層上に密接させる弾性シー
ト、表面板も、予じめ相互に接合一体止しておいてもよ
いし、施工現場で順次積層接合してもよい。Further, the mass plate, the elastic layer, the elastic sheet placed in close contact with the elastic layer, and the surface plate may be integrally bonded to each other in advance, or may be laminated and bonded one after another at the construction site.
〔実施例１〕
本実施例を第１図に基づいて説明すると、合成樹脂、木
質あるいは無機材料からなり、面密度と曲げ剛性の積が
１．０×１０５〜１．０×１０３ （ｋｇ”／Ｓ”〕
、あるいはそれ以上である数〜数十〔■〕厚の質量板１
の下部に密接するように、ゴム、合成樹脂あるいはそれ
らの発泡体などからなり、単位面積当りのバネ定数と質
量板１の面密度の比が１．０×１０５〜１．０ｘｌＯ’
（１／Ｓ” ）あるいはそれ以下である数〜数十閣
厚の弾性層２を設置し、コンクリートスラブなどの躯体
３上に設けたものである。[Example 1] This example will be explained based on FIG. /S"]
, or more, several to several dozen [■] thick mass plate 1
The mass plate 1 is made of rubber, synthetic resin, or a foam thereof, and the ratio of the spring constant per unit area to the areal density of the mass plate 1 is 1.0 x 105 to 1.0 x lO'.
(1/S") or less, an elastic layer 2 having a thickness of several to several tens of thicknesses is installed on a frame 3 such as a concrete slab.
本実施例によれば、質量板ｌと弾性層２の共振による防
振効果が低周波数でもたらされ、高い防音性能と、剛性
の高い質量板によって高耐荷重性および高強度を得るこ
とができる。According to this embodiment, the vibration damping effect due to resonance between the mass plate 1 and the elastic layer 2 is brought about at low frequencies, and high soundproofing performance and high load carrying capacity and high strength can be obtained by the highly rigid mass plate. .
本実施例において、面密度４０． Ｏ（ｋｇ／ｒｄ）
、曲げ剛性３．８６Ｘ１０３ （Ｎｍ）で１５（ｍ）厚
のアルミニウムからなる質量板１、および単位面積当た
りのバネ定数３．５４ Ｘ １０’ （Ｎ／ｍ−ｎｆ
）で５〔圓〕厚の３倍発泡の天然ゴムからなる弾性２と
した場合、共振周波数は４７（Ｈｚ）となり、低周波数
における防振効果を得ることができる。この場合の床衝
撃音レベルを第２図に実線で示すが、ＪＩＳＡ１４１９
に定められた遮音等級では、Ｌ−５３であり、高防音性
能が得られた。また、質量板の曲げ剛性は３．８６ Ｘ
１０” （Ｎｍ）と大きく、耐荷重性、強度とも高
いものとなる。In this example, the areal density is 40. O (kg/rd)
, a mass plate 1 made of aluminum with a bending rigidity of 3.86 x 103 (Nm) and a thickness of 15 (m), and a spring constant per unit area of 3.54 x 10' (N/m-nf
), the resonance frequency is 47 (Hz), and a vibration-proofing effect can be obtained at low frequencies. The floor impact sound level in this case is shown by the solid line in Figure 2, and is based on JISA1419
The sound insulation grade was L-53, and high sound insulation performance was obtained. Also, the bending rigidity of the mass plate is 3.86
It is large at 10" (Nm) and has high load resistance and strength.
なお、第２図に示す破線は、ＪＩＳの遮音等級り一４５
、Ｌ−５０、Ｌ−５５を示す。Note that the broken line shown in Figure 2 indicates the JIS sound insulation class RI-45.
, L-50, and L-55.
〔実施例２］
本実施例を第３図に基づいて説明すると、実施例１で示
した質量板１および弾性Ｎ２の上部に密接するように、
木質、合成樹脂からなる数■厚の表面板４とゴムや合成
樹脂あるいはそれらの発泡体などからなる数〔■〕厚の
弾性シート５を設置したものである。[Example 2] This example will be explained based on FIG. 3. In order to be in close contact with the upper part of the mass plate 1 and the elastic N2 shown in Example 1,
A surface plate 4 made of wood or synthetic resin and having a thickness of several inches and an elastic sheet 5 made of rubber, synthetic resin, or foam thereof and having a thickness of several inches are installed.
本実施例では、弾性シート２の低弾性によって衝撃力を
緩和し、質量板１と弾性層２の防振効果と合わせて、さ
らに高い防音性能を得ることができる。In this embodiment, the low elasticity of the elastic sheet 2 alleviates the impact force, and in combination with the vibration-proofing effect of the mass plate 1 and the elastic layer 2, it is possible to obtain even higher soundproofing performance.
本実施例において、実施例１での質量板ｌおよび弾性層
２を用いて、表面板４を３〔閣〕厚のラワン合板、弾性
シート５を１〔閣］厚で３倍発泡のスチレン・ブタジェ
ンラバーとした時の床衝撃音レベルを第４図ａに示す。In this example, the mass plate 1 and the elastic layer 2 in Example 1 are used, the surface plate 4 is made of lauan plywood with a thickness of 3 [kilns], and the elastic sheet 5 is made of styrene with a thickness of 1 [kiln] and 3 times the foam. The floor impact sound level when using butadiene rubber is shown in Figure 4a.
ＪＩＳの遮音等級ではＬ−５２を示し、実施例１よりさ
らに高い防音性能が得られる。また、同図すに表面板ｌ
と弾性シート２のみの構成での床衝撃音レベルを示して
いるが、遮音等級がＬ−６１であり、本実施例の効果が
明らかである〔実施例３〕
本実施例は、実施例２の弾性シート２をフレーク状粉体
を混入した合成樹脂シートとしたものである本実施例で
は、フレーク状粉体の粒界摩擦により、より一層高い防
音性能が得られる。The JIS sound insulation grade is L-52, and even higher sound insulation performance than Example 1 can be obtained. Also, in the same figure, the surface plate l
This shows the floor impact sound level with only the elastic sheet 2, but the sound insulation grade is L-61, and the effect of this example is clear [Example 3] This example is similar to Example 2. In this embodiment, in which the elastic sheet 2 is a synthetic resin sheet mixed with flake powder, even higher soundproofing performance can be obtained due to grain boundary friction of the flake powder.
本実施例において、弾性シート２を、平均粒径１．４（
ｓｍ）、アスペクト比９０の金マイカをウレタン樹脂１
００重量部に対して２００重量部混入し、８倍発泡した
６〔■〕厚のシートとした時の床衝撃音レベルを第５図
Ｃに示す。遮音等級はＬ−４８であり、実施例２より一
層高い防音性能が得られる。In this example, the elastic sheet 2 was made with an average particle size of 1.4 (
sm), gold mica with an aspect ratio of 90 and urethane resin 1
Figure 5C shows the floor impact sound level when a sheet with a thickness of 6 [■] was made by adding 200 parts by weight to 00 parts by weight and foaming 8 times. The sound insulation grade is L-48, and even higher sound insulation performance than Example 2 can be obtained.
また、同図Ｃに表面板１と弾性シート２のみの構成での
床衝撃音レベルを示しているが、遮音等級がＬ−５０で
あり、本実施例の高い防音性能がわかる。Further, FIG. 1C shows the floor impact sound level in a configuration with only the surface plate 1 and the elastic sheet 2, and the sound insulation grade is L-50, which shows the high sound insulation performance of this example.
〔発明の効果］
本発明は、以上のように、面密度と曲げ剛性の積が好ま
しくは、１．０×１０５〜１．０Ｘ１０６０ｃｇ”／Ｓ
２］、あるいはそれ以上である質量板とその下部に密接
するように、単位面積当りのハネ定数と質量板の面密度
の比が好ましくは、１．０×１０５〜１゜０ＸＩＯ’
（１／Ｓ”）、あるいはそれ以下である弾性層を設置
したので、質量板と弾性層の共振による防振効果によっ
て高い防音性能と剛性の高い質量板を用いることによっ
て高い耐荷重性および高強度を得ることができる。さら
に、そ□の上部に表面板と弾性シートを設けることによ
って、衝撃力を緩和し、より一層高い防音性能を得るこ
とができる。[Effects of the Invention] As described above, in the present invention, the product of areal density and bending rigidity is preferably 1.0 x 105 to 1.0 x 1060 cg''/S.
2] or more, so that the ratio of the Hane constant per unit area to the areal density of the mass plate is preferably 1.0 × 105 to 1°0XIO'
(1/S”) or less, the vibration damping effect due to the resonance between the mass plate and the elastic layer provides high soundproofing performance and the use of a highly rigid mass plate provides high load bearing capacity and high Strength can be obtained.Furthermore, by providing a surface plate and an elastic sheet on the top of the □, impact force can be alleviated and even higher soundproofing performance can be obtained.
さらに弾性シートとして、フレーク状粉体を混入した合
成樹脂シートを用いれば、より一層高い防音性能を得る
ことができる。Furthermore, if a synthetic resin sheet mixed with flake powder is used as the elastic sheet, even higher soundproofing performance can be obtained.
４、4,
第１図は本発明の実施例１の断面図、 第２図は同 実施例の床衝撃音レベルのグラフ図、 第３図は本発 明の実施例２または３の断面図、 第４図は本発明の 実施例２０床衝撃音レベルのグラフ図、第５図は本 １は質量板、 ２は弾性層、 ３は躯体、 ４は表面板 ５は弾性シート FIG. 1 is a sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 is the same A graph of the floor impact sound level of the example, Figure 3 shows the main source. A cross-sectional view of Example 2 or 3 of the light, Figure 4 shows the structure of the present invention. Example 20 Graph of floor impact sound level, Figure 5 is the book 1 is a mass plate, 2 is an elastic layer; 3 is the main body, 4 is the surface plate 5 is an elastic sheet
Claims (3)
０×１０＾６〔ｋｇ＾２／Ｓ＾２〕、あるいはそれ以上
である質量板の下部に密接するように、単位面積当りの
バネ定数と質量板の面密度の比が１．０×１０＾５〜１
．０×１０＾７〔１／Ｓ＾２〕、あるいはそれ以下であ
る弾性層を設置したことを特徴とする防音床。(1) The product of areal density and bending rigidity is 1.0×10^3 to 1.
The ratio of the spring constant per unit area to the areal density of the mass plate is 1.0 × 10 so that the ratio of the spring constant per unit area to the surface density of the mass plate is 0 × 10^6 [kg^2/S^2] or more. ＾5〜1
．． A soundproof floor characterized by installing an elastic layer having an elasticity of 0×10^7 [1/S^2] or less.
面板を順次設置した特許請求の範囲第１項に記載の防音
床。(2) The soundproof floor according to claim 1, wherein an elastic sheet and a surface plate are successively installed in close contact with the upper part of the mass plate.
混入した合成樹脂シート及び表面板を順次設置した特許
請求の範囲第１項に記載の防音床。(3) The soundproof floor according to claim 1, wherein a synthetic resin sheet mixed with flake powder and a surface plate are successively installed in close contact with the upper part of the mass plate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2167651A JPH0455565A (en) | 1990-06-25 | 1990-06-25 | Soundproof floor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2167651A JPH0455565A (en) | 1990-06-25 | 1990-06-25 | Soundproof floor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0455565A true JPH0455565A (en) | 1992-02-24 |
Family
ID=15853716
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2167651A Pending JPH0455565A (en) | 1990-06-25 | 1990-06-25 | Soundproof floor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0455565A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012062052A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2012-03-29 | Kinki Sharyo Co Ltd | Floor structure for railway vehicle |
-
1990
- 1990-06-25 JP JP2167651A patent/JPH0455565A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012062052A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2012-03-29 | Kinki Sharyo Co Ltd | Floor structure for railway vehicle |
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