JPH052296B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Field of Industrial Application) The present invention provides a feed suitable for preventing stress and boredom in animals during the breeding period, weaning period, etc., and particularly for preventing pigs from tail biting and ear biting due to stress in high-density breeding. This invention relates to a sugar block and a breeding method using the same. (Prior art) Generally, vitamins, minerals or fats and oils,
For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1983-1983 describes a method for promoting the growth of animals by mixing molasses, corn flour, etc. into feed materials and turning them into powder, granules, or pellets.
-144059 and JP-A-58-47442 are known.
In addition, for the purpose of adjusting the sodium content of herbivorous livestock that eats potassium-rich grasses, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-26814 discloses a method of forcibly pressurizing salt to make it licked by livestock.
number is known. Furthermore, for example, JP-A-52-88178 is known as a device that allows feeding to be carried out smoothly, simplifies feeding, and prevents loss of feed due to spillage and soiling of equipment due to spillage. However, none of these methods was aimed at improving stress in animals. On the other hand, animal stress can be caused by three factors: nutritional, environmental, and psychological. The causes are thought to be close breeding in livestock barns and lack of exercise.
In particular, breeding density is a problem in these cases. For example, in the case of pigs kept in close quarters, stress causes discomfort syndromes such as tail biting and ear biting (Reference: Swine Disease, Gendai Publishing, 1983, p. 745). To prevent the pigs from feeling bored, there are methods to prevent pigs from feeling bored, such as hanging iron chains or old tires inside the pig stalls and letting the pigs chew freely, and putting straw bedding in the pig stalls every day. The common practice was to make the animals chew, which was a passive method to alleviate feelings of boredom and to prevent stress. Incidentally, the occurrence of pig stress coincided with the introduction of new pig breeding management methods. This seems to have an impact on the temperament and attitude of people, and these are thought to be responsible for many of the consequences. (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention has been completed through research and development in order to solve the various drawbacks as described above. In other words, instead of using the traditional passive method of just easing boredom, we introduce sugar blocks that are palatable to animals and have a size and hardness that make them difficult to swallow. It has been found that by licking the animal, stress can be effectively prevented and the feeding center can be stimulated by producing a large amount of saliva, thereby improving the feed conversion rate. In addition, the sugar block has the advantage of being able to contain vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, and other various ingredients necessary for animals, such as iron, which is physiologically insufficient in piglets, and drugs to prevent diarrhea. It is something. The growth of a piglet is influenced by the genetic predisposition of the piglet itself, its weight at birth, the lactating ability of the sow, and the breeding environment. Poorly developed piglets do not grow well even later in life, which is a problem in breeding management, and the worse the breeding environment, the more stress will occur, which will affect growth. Growth is promoted by alleviating this stress with sugar blocks. (Technical Problem) Therefore, the object of the present invention is that one or more saccharides selected from the group consisting of lactose, sucrose, and dextrin account for 60% or more of the total amount. By having animals bite or lick sugar blocks that are difficult to swallow, stress and boredom can be prevented, especially during fattening and weaning periods, and it can also be used in high-density rearing. A sugar block for feed that prevents various stresses such as tail biting and ear biting caused by stress during feeding, promotes growth and improves feed conversion rate, and allows for a smooth transition from breast milk to artificial feed. To provide the breeding method used. (Means for Solving the Problems) The main means of the present invention is that one or more saccharides selected from the group consisting of lactose, sucrose, and dextrin account for 60% or more of the total amount. A sugar block having a shape and hardness that is difficult to swallow and difficult to disintegrate, the weight of the sugar block is 50 g or more, the length in one direction of the sugar block shape is at least 2 cm or more, and the compressive strength is 5 kg. / ^cm2 or more and a water content of 0.1 to 10%, and 60% or more of the total amount of one or more saccharides selected from the group consisting of lactose, sucrose, and dextrin. A sugar block with a shape and hardness that is difficult to swallow and difficult to disintegrate, the sugar block weighs 50 g or more, the length of the sugar block shape in one direction is at least 2 cm, and the compressive strength is 5 kg/kg.
A sugar block of 0.1 to 10% water with an area of ² cm or more,
This is a breeding method using a sugar block for feed, which is characterized in that it is fed to animals to alleviate their stress. Examples of methods for forming the sugar block of the present invention include the following two methods. First means: A sugar powder containing at least 60% of the total amount of one or more selected from the group consisting of lactose, sucrose, and dextrin is compressed and molded using a press. In this case, it is preferable to use stearic acid or magnesium stearate as the lubricant. Second method: Put a sugar solution containing 60% or more of one or more saccharides selected from the group consisting of lactose, sucrose, and dextrin into a molded container of an appropriate shape and leave it as it is. Solidify and form by etc. One or more saccharides selected from the group consisting of lactose, sucrose, and dextrin based on the total amount
The reason why it is set at 60% or more is because it is economically cheap and it is desirable that it has a certain degree of sweetness based on the general palatability of livestock. It is desirable that conditions such as the size, shape, hardness, etc. of the sugar block be selected as follows. (1) Weight: 50g or more, preferably 500g or more, depending on the size of the target animal, it may be 25kg or more; Preferably, the amount should be enough to be consumed within 1 to 3 weeks. (2) Shape: At least 2cm in length (width) in one direction
Any of the above shapes may be used, and examples thereof include a spherical shape, a cylindrical shape, a (square) shape, a rod shape, a semiconical shape, a semicircular shape, etc., a hollow shape such as a donut shape, and other shapes such as a bowl shape. In particular, a hanging type is preferred from the sanitary standpoint of preventing contact with the ground. Therefore, it is preferable that the sugar block is formed into a doughnut-like hollow shape or a rod shape. In particular, in the case of a donut shape, the inner diameter may be made large enough to fit the pig's nose, for example, a small diameter for a piglet, and a large diameter for an adult pig. Further, if the purpose of the sugar block is to be eaten by licking, it may be made into a columnar shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, or any other suitable shape. Furthermore, in order to prevent disintegration and staining of the sugar block, a protector such as plastic may be attached to the sugar block. (3) Hardness: Compressive strength 5Kg/ ^cm2 or more, preferably 50~
150Kg/ ^cm2 . (4) Moisture: 0.1-10%, preferably 0.2-7%. (5) Additives to sugar blocks: Sugar blocks contain one or more types of sugars selected from the group consisting of lactose, sucrose, and dextrin based on the total amount.
Since it is 60% or more, an appropriate amount of additives can be added to this. The purpose of addition is not limited in any way and may be done for various purposes such as improving palatability and improving the strength of the target blocks. Additives include sugars other than the main ingredients listed above, artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, saccharin sodium, glycyrrhizin, and steviosides, flavoring agents, aroma flavoring agents, and acidulants such as citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and lactic acid. ,
Antibiotics such as pacitracin, penicillins, aminosugars, tetracyclines, macrolides, polysaccharides, polypeptides, and polyethers, synthetic antibacterial agents such as olaquindox, carpadox, and sulfur agents, and hemostatic agents such as tranexamic acid. agent, insecticide, probiotic agent, enzyme agent, vitamin A, D ₂ , D ₃ , E, K ₁ , K ₂ , K ₃ ,
B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ , C, pantothenic acid, folic acid,
Vitamins such as pyotine, nicotinic acid, choline, inositol, amino acids such as glycine, methionine, tryptophan, lysine, alanine, isoleucine, threonine, magnesium sulfate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate,
Potassium iodide, calcium phosphate, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, potassium chloride,
Necessary salts or electrolytes such as manganese carbonate, zinc carbonate, copper sulfate, cobalt sulfate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, calcium lactate, magnesium acetate, calcium gluconate, iron fumarate, Other colorants, preservatives, antioxidants, gum arabic, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, sodium polyacrylic acid, and other binders may be added in appropriate combinations. The sugar block of the present invention thus obtained may be normally placed in an appropriate form in a breeding farm and fed to animals, particularly preferably used for fattening livestock at the time of weaning and allowed to fatten. (Configuration of Examples) Specific examples of the present invention will be described in detail below, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Sugar block production example 1 Pulverized sucrose is subjected to fluidized bed granulation using a 10% ethanol wetting agent solution to produce sucrose granules. Mix 1% magnesium stearate with the sucrose granules and use a hydraulic press to produce 1000 kg/
Squeezed with a pressure of ^cm2 , weight 500g, outer diameter 13cm x inner diameter
Obtain a donut-shaped sugar block measuring 7.5 cm x 4 cm wide. The moisture content of this sugar block is 1.1% and the compressive strength is 110
It was Kg/ ^cm2 . Sugar block production example 2 150 mesh 50% lactose, 25% sucrose granules made in production example 1, 24% spray-dried dextrin
and 1% magnesium stearate,
The mixture was pressed using a hydraulic press at a pressure of 1000 kg/cm ² to obtain a donut-shaped sugar block weighing 500 g and measuring 13 cm in outer diameter x 7.5 cm in inner diameter x 4 cm in width. This sugar block had a moisture content of 6.2% and a compressive strength of 75 kg/cm ² . Production example of sugar block 3 60% spray-dried dextrin, 29% purified glucose and 1% magnesium stearate were mixed and compressed using a hydraulic press at a pressure of 1000 kg/cm ² to form a sugar block with a weight of 500 g and an outer diameter of 13 cm. A donut-shaped sugar block with an inner diameter of 7.5 cm and a width of 4 cm was obtained. This sugar block had a moisture content of 6.4% and a compressive strength of 110 kg/cm ² . Manufacturing example of sugar block 4 Spray dried dextrin powder and sucrose powder
Mix 20% Kitasamycin base, 0.04% titer, Monensin sodium 0.1% titer and Magnesium stearate 1.1% using a hydraulic press machine.
Squeezed with a pressure of 1400Kg/ ^cm2 , weighing 5000g and 20cm long.
A rectangular parallelepiped sugar block measuring 15 cm in width and 13 cm in width was obtained. The moisture content of this sugar block is 4.9%, and the compressive strength is
It was 120Kg/ ^cm2 . Production example of sugar block 5 150 mesh 35% lactose, 35% sucrose granules made in production example 1, 500,000 units of vitamin A/g powder 0.08
%, Vitamin D ₃ 500,000 units/g powder 0.016%, Vitamin E 50% powder 0.2%, Vitamin C calcium 0.2
%, Vitamin _B12 50x 0.005%, Ferrous Fumarate
0.32%, dry copper sulfate 0.05%, calcium iodate
Add 0.01% powdered anhydrous citric acid, 0.5% powdered anhydrous citric acid, 1.0% ground sodium chloride, 0.1% sodium propionate, a small amount of milk flavor powder, 1.0% magnesium stearate, and the remaining amount of spray dry dextrin to make a mixed powder of 100%. , height 27.5
The sugar blocks were filled into a mortar measuring 7cm wide and 7cm wide, and a hydraulic press was used to make various sugar blocks.The relationship between the width of the solid and the compressive strength was tested using piglets. are shown in Table 1 below. The moisture content of the sugar block was 5.8%.

[Table] Sugar block production example 6 Add a small amount of water to a mixture of 80% sucrose, 17.5% dextrin, and 2.5% lactic acid fermented milk powder, dissolve by heating (150-160℃), and cool to about 120℃. Add a small amount of tartaric acid, vitamin C, and yogurt flavor to the mixture and mix well.
A rectangular stainless steel container measuring 5 cm and 5 cm in depth was poured into a container that had been lightly coated with vegetable oil and allowed to cool. After solidification, the stainless steel container was removed to obtain a rod-shaped sugar block. The moisture content of this sugar block is 2.5%, and the compressive strength is
It was ^over 200Kg/cm2. (Effects of the invention) 1 Effect of improving body weight gain and feed efficiency 20 suckling piglets with an average weight of approximately 6 kg (total
40 cows) Test, sugar block production example 2 with 10 cows in 1 group and 2 sugar block non-feeding control groups.
Groups were set up, the animals were kept for 4 weeks, and comparative tests were conducted on body weight gain and feed efficiency. The test area settings and inspection items are as shown in Table 2. Note that the test was repeated twice. During the test period, commercially available feed was used, water was provided ad libitum, and other practices followed the practices of the pig farm where the test was conducted. The test results are shown in Table 3. In terms of weight gain, a significant difference was observed at a 5% risk rate when compared with each control group both times from 0 to 4 weeks (all periods). Also, an improvement was seen in feed efficiency compared to the control group. Furthermore, in the control area, there was a lot of fighting between individuals in both of the two repeated tests, and several pigs were seen. On the other hand, in the sugar block-fed plot, there was less struggle than in the target plot, and stable growth of each individual was observed.

【table】

【table】

[Table] 2 Stress prevention effect test 45 piglets weighing around 30 kg were tested, and 3 groups were set up: sugar block production example 1 feeding area, sugar block production example 3 feeding area, and sugar block non-feeding area. There were 15 pigs in each section, each of which was housed in a ^5m2 pig pen so that they were kept in close quarters, and their general condition was observed for two weeks. As a result, on the seventh day after the start of the test, some animals were found to be bleeding from the ears in the control group, and the number of animals bleeding from the ears and tails increased thereafter. On the other hand, in the sugar block-fed group, one individual suffered from slight bleeding from the ear due to a small-scale struggle on the 12th day after the start of the test in the Production Example 1-fed group, and on the 14th day in the Production Example 3-fed group. The head was recognized, but it did not spread to other individuals. (See Table 4). From the above results, it was confirmed that feeding sugar blocks alleviates the stress of pigs and forms a stable herd of pigs.

[Table] 〓Remarks〓
1) Individuals with bleeding from the tail or ears were treated as tail biters.
2) Number of animals with tail biting/number of animals tested

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. One or more saccharides selected from the group consisting of lactose, sucrose, and dextrin account for 60% or more of the total amount, and are difficult to swallow and difficult to disintegrate. A sugar block having a shape and hardness, the weight of the sugar block is 50 g or more, the length in one direction of the sugar block is at least 2 cm, the compressive strength is 5 kg/cm 2 or more, and the sugar block has a moisture content of 5 kg/cm ² or more.
A feed-use sugar block characterized by consisting of 0.1 to 10%. 2. Saccharide containing 60% or more of one or more saccharides selected from the group consisting of lactose, sucrose, and dextrin based on the total amount, and having a shape and hardness that are difficult to swallow and difficult to disintegrate. A sugar block having a weight of 50 g or more, a length of at least 2 cm in one direction, a compressive strength of 5 kg/cm ² or more, and a moisture content of 0.1 to 10% is given to an animal. A breeding method using sugar block for feed, which is characterized in that the stress of the animal is alleviated. 3. The breeding method according to claim 2, wherein the animal is an animal in the breeding season. 4. The breeding method according to claim 3, wherein the breeding period is the weaning period. 5. The breeding method according to claim 4, wherein the breeding is high-density breeding.