JPH0528963B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a mortar coating method and coating apparatus.

<Prior Art> Conventional mortar coating methods include a coating method and a spraying method. In the former case, use a trowel or an alternative tool to apply softened mortar to the surface to be coated.
In the latter case, a soft mortar with better fluidity than the former is sent to a mortar gun and sprayed onto the surface to be coated.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> The present invention provides a novel coating method using hardened mortar, which replaces the conventional coating method and spraying method, and a coating device.

The term "hard kneaded" refers to a formulation that does not have the fluidity of the above-mentioned mortar for coating and spraying, and does not have enough moisture to stick to the surface to be coated. , indicates a slump value of 0 to 3 cm. Mortar is called
A general term for composite materials whose main material is mortar, and may contain aggregate and impurities as necessary.

<Means for Solving the Problems> In the mortar coating method of the present invention, the shape of the downward supply port of the hard mortar hopper is matched to the outline of the desired mortar coating, and the lid is cut into the sunken mortar from the side. The upper edge of the peripheral wall of the receiving box, which matches the contour and thickness of the desired mortar coating, is applied directly below the supply port with the closed partition plate in between, and the movable bottom plate is applied to the lower edge of the peripheral wall. In this state, open the partition plate sideways to allow the mortar to sink into the receiving box, close the partition plate, cut off the sunken part, move the mortar-filled receiving box together with the bottom plate and place it on the surface to be covered, and then place the mortar on the bottom plate. The method is characterized in that a mortar layer is laid down on the surface by pulling it out laterally, and the laid mortar layer is rolled down with a force suitable for solidifying itself and pressing against the surface.

In the method of the invention described above, when the receiving box is placed on the surface to be coated and the bottom plate is pulled out, the top surface of the receiving box, which was open when receiving the mortar, is held down with a top cover or other plate material to prevent deformation of the mortar.

Further, in the method of the invention, the receiving box is a flat rectangular tube whose upper side plate can be opened only when receiving mortar, and the tip of the extruded material is inserted into one end of the tube, and an end plate that can be opened and closed is attached to the other end to serve as an extrusion port. It was also proposed that the extruded material be fixed on the surface to be coated and the flat rectangular tube be pulled out toward the base of the extruded material.

The mortar coating device of the present invention includes a base extending left and right across a forming formwork with a pressure press, a quantitative hopper sliding on one of the bases, a fixed concrete hopper above the base, and a fixed concrete hopper above the base. It has a movable bottom plate that slides on the table, and has a mortar receiving box that matches the contour and thickness of the desired mortar coating, a hard mortar hopper with a downward supply port that matches the above-mentioned outline above it, and a supply port for the mortar hopper. , a thin partition plate that slides along the lower surface to open and close and separates the settled mortar when closing, and a reciprocating drive mechanism that moves the partition plate, the receiving box, and the bottom plate respectively along the base, Place the top surface of the concrete formed in the formwork at the height of the top edge of the formwork or slightly lower, transfer the bottom plate and the receiving box containing mortar on top of it, pull out only the bottom plate, and drop the mortar layer onto the top surface of the concrete. It is characterized by being laid down and then pressed.

<Operation> This application consists of two inventions: a mortar coating method as claimed in claims 1, 2 and 3, and a mortar coating device as claimed in claims 4 and 5.

In each invention, the hardened mortar layer laid on the surface to be coated is rolled down with a force suitable for solidifying the mortar itself and crimping it onto the surface to be coated. Each invention is characterized by its method and device for successfully taking out hardened mortar of a specific shape and thickness from a hopper and placing it in a predetermined position.

In the method invention of claim 1, the downward supply port of the hardening mortar hopper is adapted to the outline of the intended mortar covering, and the mortar receiving box is a transport container that is matched to the outline and thickness of the mortar covering. By sinking the mortar and separating it with a partition plate, a thin mortar layer with a thickness of several mm can be removed from the hopper.

Then, the receiving box is placed on the surface to be coated together with the movable bottom plate, and by pulling out only the bottom plate sideways, the thin mortar layer is laid down without disturbing it.

Since the mortar is hard kneaded, when it is pressed down with an appropriate force, it hardens itself and at the same time,
It can be crimped onto the coated surface.

The method invention of claim 2 is different from the invention of claim 1 because when the bottom plate is pulled out, the top surface of the receiving box is held down by the top cover or other plate, so that the thin mortar layer inside the box prevents the movement of the bottom plate. The only point is to prevent it from being dragged upwards and deformed.

The method invention of claim 3 is different from the invention of claim 1 because the receiving box is mainly made of a flat rectangular tube, and the mortar inside is not poured down and spread, but is extruded from one end of the rectangular tube in a top-to-bottom manner. , are the points that are laid out sequentially.

<Example> Figures 1, 2, and 3 show examples of claims 1, 2, and 3, respectively. 1 is a hard mortar hopper, 2 is a supply port, 3 is a partition plate, 4 is a mortar receiving box, 5 is a bottom plate, 6 is an extrusion port,
7 is a press plate, M is mortar, and F is a surface to be covered, which in this example is the upper surface of concrete C in formwork K. In this manner, the object of this coating method is not limited to a hardened surface, but may be any unhardened surface as long as it can withstand press working.

In both cases, concrete is poured into a formwork K, the upper surface is made into a flat surface F by vibration or pressing, and a mortar receiving box 4 is pushed out from below the hardened mortar-containing hopper 1 adjacent to the formwork K. was used as an example.

Therefore, since the distance to transport the mortar receiving box 4 to the surface F to be coated is the shortest, the partition plate 3, receiving box 4, and bottom plate 5 are all placed on the upper surface of the fixed base 8, and all are placed on the extension part of the base 8. The installed fluid pressure cylinders 9, 10,
It is the simplest guide and drive mechanism, driven by 11.

The practice of this invention cannot be performed with conventional mortar hoppers. As mentioned above, conventional hoppers were only capable of dispensing a certain amount of mortar and closing the hopper. The hopper 1 of the present invention requires a partition plate 3 that can close the downward supply port 2 at its lower end. Naturally, the lower end of the supply port 2 must be flat. It is also of course preferable that the feed opening 2 is in this case of a shape suitable for sinking the mortar into the unique thin and flat mortar receiving box 4. Since the mortar layer that has entered the mortar receiving box 4 is warped and directly lowered onto the covering surface F, it is best to use the receiving box 4 that matches the shape of the covering, and the supply port that matches the shape of the receiving box. It goes without saying that 2 is preferable. Further, the entire surface of the covered surface F is not necessarily coated with mortar uniformly. In order to draw a pattern using mortar of different colors, mortar may be placed locally on the covering surface F, or a mixed mortar layer in which different mortars occupy respective sections may be lowered onto the covering surface F. In that case, the mortar hopper becomes a high-performance hopper that stores different types of mortar and has a supply port 2 that can drop the required mortar into the required position of the mortar receiving box 4.

The hopper 1 shown in Figures 1 to 3 is the simplest example, but in all cases, the supply port 2 of the hopper is designed to match the covering shape, that is, the shape of the top surface of the concrete C in the formwork K, so that the mortar M does not stagnate. It is adjusted to 4.

The difference between the three embodiments lies in the structure and usage of the receiving box 4. The receiving box 4 shown in FIG. 1 does not have a top lid, and the bottom plate 5 opens laterally. It also has a vibration device 12. Of course, in the example shown in FIG. 1, the vibration device 12 is not directly attached to the receiving box 4, but is fixed so that the receiving box vibrates when it comes on the required covering surface F.

In order to bring the upper edge of the receiving box 4 into contact with the hopper supply port 2 closed by the partition plate 3, a base 8 is used as a guide structure and fluid pressure cylinders 10, 11 are used as a drive mechanism. The receiving box 4 itself also serves as a guide mechanism for the partition plate 3, and is simple in that the supply port 2 is opened and closed by a fluid pressure cylinder 9.

The receiving box 4 is usually a flat plate several millimeters thick that matches the thickness of the mortar covering, with holes made to match the shape of the covering.
It is simply provided with guides for the partition plate 3 and the bottom plate 5, and the drive end is shaped so that the piston rod of the cylinder 9 can be easily attached. Inside box 4a that receives mortar
The rear part of the receiving box 4 is on the base 8 both when it is under the hopper 1 and when it comes out on the covering surface F.

From the state shown by the solid line in FIG. 1, the partition plate 3 is opened laterally to allow the lower layer of mortar in the hopper to sink into the receiving box interior 4a. Needless to say, the partition plate 3 can be completely opened. When the partition plate 3 is closed as shown in the figure, the mortar inside the box 4a is separated from the mortar inside the hopper 1. Although hardened mortar M is not sticky,
Due to the weight of the mortar in hopper 1, the lower layer is under light pressure, so it feels like it has been cut cleanly, only a few millimeters thick.

In this case, the partition plate 3 is a hard stainless steel plate with a thickness of 0.5 mm, and also serves as a kitchen knife. Even if it is thick, there is no problem as long as you ignore the waste of mortar being pushed outward.

The receiving box 4 containing the separated mortar layer is pushed out together with its bottom plate 5 onto the covering surface F to the position indicated by the chain line in FIG. Then, the receiving box 4 or the bottom plate 5 is
The bottom plate is pulled back while vibrating, and the mortar layer inside the box 4a is laid down onto the covering surface A without changing its shape.
Then, the receiving box 4 is also returned under the hopper 1 by the cylinder 10, and the mortar layer spread on the covering surface F is rolled down by the press 7. The rolling force is set to be suitable for solidifying the mortar layer itself and pressing it against the covering surface F.

This completes the coating work, but the strength of the coating may be further increased by impregnating it with a reinforcing liquid. Covered surface F is the first
~ If it is the top surface of concrete inside a formwork as in the example in Figure 3, it is sufficient to flatten it by vibration or pressing, but if it is a solid surface, wet it with water if it is made of concrete, or use adhesive if it is made of other materials. Pre-pressing treatment such as coating is required.

The mortar receiving box 4 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 differs from the receiving box 4 of FIG. 1 in that it has an upper lid. In the case of Fig. 1, the upper surface of the mortar layer inside the box is free, so when the bottom plate 5 is pulled, the mortar restrained by the rear wall of the box 4 swells upwards and loses its shape. Prevented.
If the adhesion between the mortar layer and the bottom plate 5 is broken by vibration, the mortar will not be pulled even if the bottom plate 5 is pulled.
This is because it will fall just like that.

Either a part of the partition plate 3 is used as the top cover as in the embodiment shown in FIG.
When the top cover 7 is placed, the inside of the receiving box 4a is sealed, so even if the bottom plate 5 is pulled, the mortar layer does not move and falls as it is, so no vibration is required. In this embodiment, since the hopper 1 and the covering surface F are adjacent to each other, the top cover of the receiving box 4 can also be used as the partition plate 3, but if they are separated from each other, a unique horizontally pulling top cover is of course required. The upper cover closely overlaps the partition plate 3 below the hopper 1 and opens and closes together. During movement, it may be moved away from the partition plate 3 to seal the mortar layer inside the receiving box 4a, and may remain closed on the covering surface F or may be opened together with the bottom plate 5.

In the receiving box 4 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the mortar layer is not dropped by opening the bottom plate, but is pushed out from one end in a top-to-bottom manner. Therefore, the receiving box 4 is a flat rectangular tube lying horizontally, and the extruded material 13 is inserted into one end thereof, and the extrusion port 6 is formed at the other end. Although it is called a rectangular tube, the upper side plate of the receiving box 4 can be opened laterally like the side plate 17 in FIG. 11. However, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the partition plate 3 of the hopper 1 is also used as the upper side plate of the receiving box 4, as in the previous embodiment. If it has its own upper side plate, it can be opened and closed under the hopper 1 by stacking it with the partition plate 3, and will not open once it is separated from the hopper 1. When the receiving box 4 is moved onto the covering surface F as shown by the chain line in FIG. 3, the extrusion material 13 is pushed in and the sealed mortar layer is extruded from the extrusion port 6 in its original form. In this embodiment, the extrusion port 6 is normally vertically closed by the end plate 14 by a spring, but when the extruded material 13 is pushed in, the mortar pushes the end plate 14 open as shown by the chain line in FIG. 3 and comes out. That's what I do. The mortar layer cannot be laid down unless the position of the extrusion port 6 is moved back in accordance with the pushing of the extrusion member 13. Therefore, in reality, it is sufficient to park the extruded material 13 in a fixed position and return only the receiving box 4 to the rear.

Note that the mold bottom that supports the concrete C in the formwork, which serves as the covering surface F, is different between FIG. 1 and FIGS. 2 and 3.
This is because the method for removing the product after molding is that the former is an inversion removal type, and the latter two is a push-up (down) removal type.
In the latter two cases, as shown in the figure, the mortar receiving box 4 is placed so that the covering surface F matches the height of the upper edge of the formwork K, and the mortar layer is spread on the covering surface F with almost no drop. , it becomes possible to lower it into the formwork K. When covering a completed product, the mortar receiving box 4 is naturally placed directly on it so that the drop is minimized.

After the receiving box 4 is returned under the hopper 1, the mortar layer on the covered surface F is pressed down by the press 7. This press 7 is originally an accessory equipment for hardening the concrete C in the formwork, but it is also used to harden the covering mortar layer and at the same time join the concrete and mortar. Formwork K for immediate removal
Naturally, a vibrating device (not shown) is also included, and it is activated when concrete C is poured.
It may also be used when rolling down a mortar layer. Vibration helps tighten the rolled down mortar and bond it to the concrete, but is of course not essential.

In the above embodiment, since the mortar layer is rolled down within the formwork K, there is no risk of the mortar layer spreading laterally. In the case of coating a general coating surface, it depends on the coating thickness, but if the periphery is surrounded by a frame or the like to prevent it from spreading laterally due to pressure, the exact thickness can be achieved all the way to the periphery. In addition, hoppa 1
There is a difference between the thickness of the mortar layer separated under 1 and the thickness of the coating completed by rolling down, but this can be estimated empirically. Regarding the pressing force, it is necessary to consider various conditions such as the application, material, equipment, etc., and it is best to determine it by experiment, so that it can simultaneously solidify the mortar layer and press it to the coated surface.

Figures 4 and 5 show an embodiment of the mortar hopper 1, in which the covering shape is hexagonal, so the supply port 2 is adapted to this shape. This is Hotupa 1
This shows that the effect of this invention changes from the conventional quantitative supply to regular supply with constant shape and thickness.
Note that matching the internal dimensions of the hopper supply port 2 or mortar receiving box 4 to the covering shape and pattern does not mean making them the same shape, but rather making the mortar fit into that shape. be.

The hopper 1 is placed so that the partition plate 3 is aligned with the bottom surface of the supply port 2.
An embodiment with side support is shown in Figures 6 and 7. Both edges of the partition plate 3 are folded up and slid into the diagonal support groove 16 on the lower surface of the flange 15 of the supply port.

8 and 9 show an example in which a similar structure is used for the mortar receiving box 4 and its bottom plate 5, and FIGS. 10 and 11 show an example in which the same structure is used for the upper side plate 17 of the extruded type mortar receiving box 4.

Now, FIGS. 12 and 13 show an embodiment of an apparatus for mass production of concrete slabs for sidewalk paving stones as shown in FIG. 14. The surface of the square slab made of concrete C is patterned and covered with mortar M and M' of different colors. Four-cavity formwork K to make four pieces of this product at the same time
A concrete hopper 20 and a mortar hopper 1 face each other on the left and right sides, and a press 7a is located between them. A well-known sliding quantitative hopper 21 is inserted under the concrete hopper 20, and slides on its base 8a to fill each mold of the formwork K with concrete C as shown in FIG. 15, and when returning, Scrape off any ridges from the surface of the formwork and level it. If this formwork K needs to be vibrated, it can be rolled down by the press plate 7 as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, and the concrete C will sink a little as shown on the left side of FIG. 16, making room for covering it with mortar.

Earlier, I mentioned that as a conventional technique, hardened mortar is dropped onto the concrete in the formwork for immediate demolding, but this mortar hopper 1 also uses the same sliding method to introduce mortar as shown in Figure 15, just like concrete. It is. According to this method, it is natural that a patterned coating as shown in FIG. 14 cannot be obtained, and furthermore, the mortar tends to clog the front side of the formwork, reducing the density of mortar at the front side, and there is a risk that the mortar may become insufficient. It is difficult to spread mortar uniformly with a thickness of several millimeters.

As described above, the mortar hopper 1 and receiving box 4 of the present invention grate a mortar layer of a desired shape and thickness without destroying it. Furthermore, in the example shown in FIG. 16, a secondary hopper 1' containing mortar M' is provided within the main body of hopper 1 containing mortar M, and a conduit 22 leading to a dedicated supply port shaped to match the pattern is provided.

The mortar receiving box 4 is of the type shown in Fig. 2, and inside the receiving box 4, as shown in Figs. It is separated by

In Fig. 21, insert the receiving box 4 in Figs. 17 and 18 into the hopper 1.
from below onto the concrete C in the formwork K, which is the covering surface F, and open the bottom plate 5 to remove the mortar M inside.
This shows a situation where M′ is left unused. When the mortar spread on the concrete C is pressed down by the press plate 7 as shown in FIG. 22, the mortars M and M' are hardened by compression and at the same time are crimped onto the covering surface of the concrete C below. FIG. 23 shows the top surface of the finished coating.

The coating method and coating apparatus of the present invention have been described above using a few examples. In this invention, due to lack of water, hardened mortar, which does not have the adhesion force for coating or the coagulation force for forming the coating, is spread on the solid surface and pressed down to create an adhesion effect.
The basic idea is to create a coagulation effect and complete the coating. Therefore, its use is relatively limited, but its implementation is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and can be varied in various ways depending on the well-known skills of the person involved in the implementation.

In each of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, both the supply port 2 and the mortar receiving box 4 are matched to the desired covering shape, but even if one of them is a little too large,
Even if it is somewhat small, the effect of the invention is not lost.

It is common sense for those skilled in the art to apply vibrations when the mortar in the hopper is submerged, separated, and rolled down, and it is preferable to apply vibrations depending on the case. However, the best design is one that can serve its purpose without vibration.

In this sense, the hopper, its supply port, partition plate, mortar receiving box, and bottom plate used in this invention should be freely designed by the designer using known techniques according to the purpose of coating, conditions, factory, and site conditions. Naturally, the embodiments may vary in various ways.

(Effects of the Invention) This invention provides a mortar coating method, in addition to the conventional coating method and spraying method, a new hard mortar compression coating method that should be called a pressing method, and also provides To provide a coating method and a coating device for cutting off hardened mortar having a desired shape and thickness, and transporting and correctly laying the separated hardened mortar layer on a separated covering surface without destroying its shape.

Since hardened mortar is used, it hardens at the same time as the coating (crimping), and the effect on dimensional accuracy and efficiency in completing the coating with accurate shape and thickness all at once is tremendous.

When applying an adhesive to a surface in advance to cover a material other than concrete, hardened mortar is advantageous for adhesion because it contains less moisture. For similar reasons, it is also advantageous to include an impregnating strengthening liquid after coating, which can be sprayed either immediately after coating or before its crimping. This is another advantage of hard mortar coating that cannot be overlooked.

Furthermore, this invention gave the hopper a new role as a fixed-form feeding device for hardened mortar. This has made it possible to easily perform pattern coating similar to multiple printing, in which mortar of different colors and shapes are placed on the same coating surface using one or more hoppers. It is also possible to drop small parts other than mortar from a fixed supply port and surround them with mortar.

It is highly effective to mass-produce mortar, which has excellent weather resistance, abrasion resistance, waterproofness, porosity, etc., on any solid surface that can withstand coating pressure, depending on the coating purpose.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 to 3 are explanatory diagrams of three embodiments of the coating device of the present invention, Figures 4 and 5 are front sectional views and plan views of an embodiment of a mortar hopper, and Figures 6 and 7 are front views of an embodiment of a partition plate. Figures 8 and 9 are front and side views of the bottom plate of Figures 1 and 2, Figures 10 and 11 are of the bottom plate of Figure 3.
Front and side views of the mortar receiving box shown in Fig. 12, 1
Figure 3 is a plan view and an elevation view of an example device for mass production of pattern-coated concrete slabs for sidewalk paving stones, Figure 14 is a perspective view of the product, and Figure 15 is concrete produced by the sliding quantitative hopper of Figures 12 and 13. Similarly, FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram of a hopper and mortar receiving box according to the present invention, and FIGS. 17 and 18 are perspective views and plan views of the main parts of the mortar receiving box.
Figure 0 is an explanatory diagram of the situation where the mold is filled with concrete and it is pressed, Figure 21 is an explanatory diagram of the situation where the bottom plate of the mortar receiving box is opened and mortar is poured onto the covered surface, and Figure 22 is an illustration of the situation where mortar is poured onto the covered surface. FIG. 23, which is an explanatory diagram of the pressing state of the mortar layer, is a plan view of the surface covered with the finished product. 1, 1'... hopper, 2... supply port, 3... partition plate, 4... mortar receiving box, 5... bottom plate, 7...
Press plate, F...surface to be covered, M, M'...hardened mortar.

[Claims]

1 Ceramic granules for press molding formed by granulating agglomerated particles of ceramic fine powder with an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less.

Claims (1)

The receiving box is a flat rectangular tube whose upper side plate can be opened only when receiving mortar.The tip of the extruded material is inserted into one end of the tube, and an end plate that can be opened and closed is attached to the other end to serve as an extrusion opening. A mortar covering method characterized by fixing the extruded material on the surface and pulling out the flat rectangular tube toward the base of the extruded material. 4 A base extending left and right across the molding formwork with a pressure press, a quantitative hopper sliding on one of the above bases and a fixed concrete hopper above it, and a movable one sliding on the other base. With a bottom plate,
A mortar receiving box that matches the contour and thickness of the desired mortar coating, a hardening mortar hopper with a downward supply port that matches the above-mentioned outline above the box, and the supply port of the mortar hopper that is opened and closed by sliding it along its lower surface. , a thin partition plate that separates the settled mortar when closing, and a reciprocating drive mechanism that moves the partition plate, receiving box, and bottom plate respectively along the base, and the upper surface of the concrete formed in the formwork is It was placed at the height of the upper edge of the frame or slightly lower, and the bottom plate and the receiving box containing mortar were transferred and stacked on top of it, and only the bottom plate was pulled out and a layer of mortar was laid down on the top of the concrete, which was then pressurized. A mortar coating device featuring: 5. The mortar coating device according to claim 4, characterized in that the interior of the mortar receiving box is divided into a plurality of types of mortar receiving areas by an enclosing frame.