JPH0829052B2 - Feed additives for ruminants - Google Patents

Description

Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a ruminant feed additive, and more particularly to protecting a biologically active substance from rumen gastric juice of a ruminant. The present invention relates to a feed additive in which a biologically active substance is coated with a film of a protective substance so as to be released in the digestive organs after the stomach.

The feed additive for ruminants of the present invention can be effectively absorbed into ruminants by being added to concentrated feeds and orally administered to ruminants such as cattle and sheep.

(Prior Art) As a method of orally administering a biologically active substance such as an amino acid to a ruminant, in order to protect the biologically active substance from fermentation decomposition by a microorganism present in the rumen of the ruminant, A method has been adopted in which a biologically active substance is dispersed in a matrix of a protective substance and a granulated preparation is administered.

For example, a preparation in which a biologically active substance is dispersed in a matrix such as fat or wax and granulated is disclosed in JP-A-56-
It is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 154956.

The inventors of the present invention also disclosed a formulation in which a biologically active substance is dispersed in a matrix of a protective substance consisting of chitosan and an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid and / or a hardened oil and fat, as disclosed in JP-A-58-175449. Proposed and launched. Furthermore, a preparation prepared by coating a granule of a biologically active substance with a film that is sparingly soluble in neutral to alkaline water and easily soluble in acidic water is disclosed in JP-A-59-198946. Disclosed.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

In a preparation in which a biologically active substance is dispersed and granulated in a matrix of a protective substance, the biologically active substance is distributed also on the surface of the preparation. , The content rate of biologically active substances is 40
It is necessary to keep the percentage below. Further, in the preparation in which the granules of the biologically active substance are coated with the protective substance, it is possible to increase the content rate of the biologically active substance, but the rumen gastric juice may vary depending on the age and physical condition of the ruminant. The pH of the rumen varies from 5 to 8 and therefore, when the pH of the rumen gastric juice is less than 5.8, the coating material is disintegrated and the bypass property of the rumen is deteriorated.

The present invention stably protects a biologically active substance from rumen gastric juice whose pH is between 5 and 8 in a ruminant, rumen bypassing the biologically active substance, and digestion after abomasum. It is an object of the present invention to provide a feed additive for ruminants, which is excellent in organ release.

[Means for solving problems]

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies to achieve the above-mentioned object, and as a result, the nucleus containing a biologically active substance as a main component is hardly soluble in neutral or alkaline water, and easily soluble in acidic water. After coating, the formulation coated with a hydrophobic substance containing lecithin and glycerin fatty acid ester has excellent rumen bypass and release of biologically active substance in digestive organs after the abomasum. It was found that the present invention has been completed.

The present invention is a core containing a biologically active substance, poorly soluble in neutral to alkaline water coated on the core,
And a ruminant characterized by comprising a first coating layer composed of a coating film that is easy to use in acidic water, and a second coating layer formed on the first coating layer and containing the following a, b and c. Feed additive for food.

a lecithin b glycerin fatty acid ester c straight or branched saturated cotton having 12 to 24 carbon atoms is a group consisting of unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, hardened vegetable oils, hardened animal oils and waxes. In the present invention, the biologically active substance is not particularly limited as long as it gives physiological activity when administered to a ruminant. Substances that are easily decomposed by fermentation by existing microorganisms are targeted.

For example, methionine, lysine, tryptophan, threonine, glutamic acid, amino acids such as N-acylamino acids such as aspartaragic acid and derivatives thereof, vitamin A, vitamin A acetate, vitamin A palmitate, vitamin D ₂ , vitamin D ₃ , Vitamin B, vitamin E, nicotinic acid and other vitamins and their derivatives, and other animal drugs such as penicillin. These are used alone or as a mixture of two or more.

The core containing the biologically active substance is a mixture of the biologically active substance, an excipient, and a binder, and a mixture obtained by further adding and mixing an inorganic substance and the like, if desired, with a particle size of 0.4 to 2.5 mm. Is a solid material formed into a granular shape, preferably a shape close to a sphere.

The method for producing the core of the biologically active substance is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be produced by pelletizing the mixture using an extrusion device and then spheroidizing using a spheronizing device. As the binder, cellulose derivatives such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, vinyl derivatives such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone, starch, fatty acids, hydrogenated vegetable oils, hydrogenated animal oils and the like can be used.

Starch, microcrystalline cellulose and the like are used as excipients.

Further, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, talc, etc. are used as the inorganic substance.

The first coating layer is not particularly limited as long as it is a film that is sparingly soluble in neutral or alkaline water and easily soluble in acidic water.

For example, a single film of a pH-sensitive polymer compound having a film-forming property such as aminocelluloses such as benzylaminocellulose and diethylaminomethylcellulose, aminoacetates such as diethylaminoacetate and polyvinyl acetal diethylaminoacetate (AEA), or 2 A mixed film of one or more kinds, a film of a hydrophobic substance containing at least one selected from the group of the pH-sensitive polymer compound and chitosan, and the like.

The hydrophobic substance may be a poorly water-soluble substance having a film-forming property, and examples thereof include a cellulose derivative such as ethyl cellulose, fatty acid monocarboxylic acids used in the second coating layer described later, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydrogenated animal oil, wax. One or more waxes and the like are used.

When the pH-sensitive polymer compound and chitosan which are not compatible with the hydrophobic substance are dispersed in the hydrophobic substance and used, the particle size of these is preferably smaller, and more preferably,
It is about 2 to 3 μm or less.

The compounding ratio of the pH-sensitive polymer compound and / or chitosan and the hydrophobic substance is preferably 1/100 to 100/100 (weight ratio).

The second coating layer is a linear or branched saturated or unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having 12 to 24 carbon atoms containing lecithin and glycerin fatty acid ester, hardened vegetable oil, hardened animal oil. And at least one film selected from the group consisting of wax and wax.

As lecithin, those extracted from egg yolk, soybean, etc. are preferably used, and it is not necessary to be pure.

The glycerin fatty acid ester can be used without particular limitation as long as it is an ester of glycerin and a saturated fatty acid or an unsaturated fatty acid, and glycerin monostearate which is commercially available and can be obtained at low cost is preferably used.

As the aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, lauric acid, behenic acid and the like can be used. Hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, hydrogenated rapeseed, etc. as hydrogenated vegetable oils, 54 hydrogenated beef tallow, extremely hardened beef tallow, etc. as hydrogenated animal oils, and waxes such as beeswax, carnauba wax, whale wax etc. as waxes and waxes. Waxes such as paraffin wax, natural wax, and synthetic wax are used.

The composition of the second coating layer is in the range of 1 to 15 parts by weight of lecithin and 1 to 15 parts by weight of lecithin per 100 parts by weight of the main ingredient such as aliphatic monocarboxylic acid, hydrogenated vegetable oil, hydrogenated animal oil, wax and wax. is there.

The feed additive of the present invention, the core containing the biologically active substance as a main component, after forming the first coating layer film by coating,
Further, the second coating layer film is formed by coating.

The coating amount of the first coating layer is preferably as small as possible, but the coating amount of at least the entire surface of the core is required. Also,
The coating amount of the second coating layer needs to cover the entire surface of the first coating layer.

Usually, the first coating layer is 2 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 3 to 15 parts by weight, relative to 100 parts by weight of the core containing a biologically active substance as a main component.
Parts by weight, and 5 to 30 parts by weight of the second coating layer, preferably,
Coat 10 to 30 parts by weight.

The coating method is not particularly limited, for example, a core containing a biologically active substance as a main component, a coating solution for the first coating layer and a melt or molten slurry of the coating agent for the second coating layer, A method such as sequential spray coating can be adopted.

[Action]

As described above, the present invention provides a first coating layer composed of a core containing a biologically active substance as a main component, a pH-sensitive polymer compound or a hydrophobic substance containing a pH-sensitive polymer compound and / or chitosan. And a second coating layer composed of an aliphatic monocarboxylic acid containing lecithin and glycerin fatty acid ester, and the like, which is a feed additive for ruminants.

In the present invention, the first coating layer protects the biologically active substance, which is the main component of the nucleus, from the fermentation decomposition by microorganisms present in the rumen of ruminants, and in digestive organs after the abomasum. , Acts as a controlled release layer that releases biologically active substances in the nucleus with high efficiency.

The first coating layer is poorly water-soluble in the rumen rumen pH region 5 to 8.5 in order to exert these effects.
In addition, it is required that it is easily water-soluble in the pH region 5 or lower of the abomasum. As such pH-dependent substances, pH-sensitive polymer compounds such as aminocelluloses and aminoacetates and chitosan are preferably used. Further, among the pH-sensitive polymer compounds, a compound having a film-forming property itself can be used alone as the first coating layer, but the pH-sensitive polymer compound having no film-forming property and chitosan are hydrophobic. It is used as a mixture with the film-forming substance.

On the other hand, the second coating layer protects the first coating layer from acidic substances such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid generated in the rumen of ruminants, and prevents the elution of biologically active substances into the rumen. To prevent.

As those having these effects, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acids having 12 to 24 carbon atoms, which have a straight chain or a branch, hydrogenated vegetable oils, hydrogenated animal oils, waxes and mixtures thereof are used.

Further, lecithin and glycerin fatty acid ester blended in the second coating layer, in the digestive organs of the ruminant after the abomasum, especially in the small intestine, emulsify the first and second coating layers, the biologically active substance of Promotes release.

In the ruminant feed additive of the present invention, these act synergistically, and excellent rumen bypass property of the biologically active substance and release property in digestive organs after the abomasum are obtained. As a biologically active substance is effectively absorbed by ruminants.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.

However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

(1) Preparation of feed additive for ruminants (a) Production of lysine-containing nuclear material (L-1) 1,900 g of lysine hydrochloride, 300 g of calcium carbonate and 800 g of rapeseed hydrogenated oil were placed in a kneader and kept warm at 90 ° C. After kneading for 1 hour, cylindrical granules were obtained using an extruder having a screen with a 0.9 mmφ opening.

The obtained granules were charged into a Henschel mixer, and the mixture was kept at 90 ° C. with stirring and lysine hydrochloride / calcium carbonate =
220 g of the mixed powder of 190/30 (weight ratio) was added in several divided portions to give sprinkled spherical granules to the growing granules. The obtained granules are sieved to 0.8 to 1.2 mm, and lysine hydrochloride-containing substance (L-
1) was obtained.

(B) Production of methionine-containing nuclear material (M-1) 1,600 g of methionine crystal powder, 200 g of calcium carbonate and 200 g of microcrystalline cellulose were placed in a kneader, and a binder solution prepared by dissolving 0.6 g of methyl cellulose in 69 g of water was added and kneaded.

The kneaded material thus obtained was used to obtain columnar granules by using an extruder having a screen with an opening of 0.9 mmφ. Then, using a marumerizer, methionine / calcium carbonate = 80
Spherical granules were obtained by adding / 20 (weight ratio) mixed powder, and drying with hot air to obtain spherical granules. The granules were sieved to 0.6 to 1.2 mm to obtain a methionine-containing nuclear material (M-1).

(C) Production of mixed vitamin-containing nuclear material (V-1) Lactose 1,520 g, calcium carbonate 180 g, microcrystalline cellulose 200 g, vitamin A 5.8 g, vitamin D ₃ 0.065 g and vitamin E 1.0 g were charged in a kneader and methyl cellulose was added. A binder solution dissolved in water was added and kneaded.

The kneaded material thus obtained was used to obtain columnar granules by using an extruder having a screen with an opening of 0.9 mmφ. Then, using a marumerizer, lactose / calcium carbonate = 80/20
Spherical granules were obtained by adding mixed powder (weight ratio) and drying to obtain spherical granules. The granules were sieved to 0.6 to 1.2 mm to obtain a mixed vitamin-containing core substance (V-1).

(D) Coating of nuclear material The nuclear material prepared in the above (a) and (b) (L-
Coating in which 100 g of 1), (M-1) or (V-1) was charged in a fluidized bed, and a mixture prepared to have the same composition as the composition of the first coating layer shown in Table 1 was dissolved and dispersed in an organic solvent. The liquid was spray coated to form a first coating layer.

Then, a mixture prepared to have the same composition as the composition of the second coating layer shown in Table 1 was dissolved in an organic solvent and spray-coated with a dispersed coating solution to form a second coating layer, and a feed additive for ruminants. Got

 The compositions of the first coating layer and the second coating layer are shown in Table 1.

(2) Evaluation test (a) Standard test 2 g of the preparation prepared in the above (1) was immersed in 200 cc of Mc Dougall's artificial gastric juice corresponding to the rumen gastric juice of cattle, and 37 ° C.
Clark Lubs corresponding to the abomasum gastric juice of cattle taken out from the artificial gastric juice of Mc Dougall after shaking and holding at the temperature of 24 hours.
Immerse in 200 cc of pH 2 buffer solution and add 4 more at 37 ℃.
Shake for hours. Furthermore, the formulation taken out of the Clark Lubs buffer was immersed in 200 cc of the cattle small intestine solution and shaken at 37 ° C. for another 4 hours.

Also, in consideration of the pH fluctuation of rumen gastric juice of ruminants, the pH of the artificial gastric juice of Mc Dougall for rumen was adjusted with acetic acid to 5.2, except that it was used instead of the artificial gastric juice of Mc Dougall. Treated the formulation under the same conditions as above.

Then, lysine, methionine and vitamins eluted in Mc Dougall's artificial gastric juice, Clark Lubs' buffer and small intestine corresponding fluid were quantified by the ninhydrin coloring method, iodometric titration method or high performance liquid chromatography method.

 The test results are shown in Table 1 together with comparative examples.

Mc Dougall's artificial gastric juice: sodium bicarbonate; 9.8g, potassium chloride; 0.57g, calcium chloride; 0.04g, disodium phosphate dodecahydrate; 9.30g,
Sodium chloride; 0.47 g and sodium sulfate heptahydrate;
A solution of 0.12 g in water; pH 8.3 dissolved in 1 Clark Lubs buffer: 0.2 N potassium chloride; 50 ml, 0.2 N hydrochloric acid; 10.6 ml and water; 13
9.4 ml of mixed solution [Effect of the invention] In the present invention, as shown in the above-mentioned Example (see Table 1), the core substance containing the biologically active substance is formed into a film containing a pH-dependent substance. The single-layer coating preparations coated with only one coating layer and having an increased coating amount (see Comparative Examples 1 and 2) show excellent bypassability against the rumen response fluid of normal ruminants. However, when its pH drops, its bypassability is lost.

On the other hand, in the ruminant feed additive of the present invention, since the first coating layer and the second coating layer consisting of lecithin and glycerin fatty acid ester-containing film are coated in two layers, the pH of the ruminant is lowered. In the state, it has a bypass property of the biologically active substance to the rumen response fluid, and the abomasum response fluid and the small intestine response fluid, that is, the biological activity in the digestive organs of the rumen after the abomasum. The elution property of the substance is increased.

Further, since the coating amounts of the first coating layer and the second coating layer can be reduced, the content rate of the biologically active substance is improved and the cost is reduced.

The present invention provides a feed for ruminants that has a high content of biologically active substances, excellent rumen bypass properties, and excellent release of biologically active substances in the digestive tract after the abomasum and at low cost. It provides additives, and in the industry,
In particular, it has great significance in terms of livestock.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A core containing a biologically active substance, poorly soluble in neutral to alkaline water coated on the core,
A ruminant characterized by comprising a first coating layer consisting of a coating film that is easily soluble in acidic water, and a second coating layer consisting of a coating film containing a, b and c below, which is coated on the first coating layer. Animal feed additive. a lecithin b glycerin fatty acid ester c straight chain or branched saturated or unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having 12 to 24 carbon atoms, a hardened vegetable oil, a hardened animal oil, and a wax. At least one selected from 2. The first coating layer comprises at least one selected from aminocelluloses, aminoacetates and chitosan.
The feed additive for ruminants according to claim (1), which is a film of a hydrophobic substance containing one kind of pH-sensitive polymer compound.