JPH083184B2 - Bucket attachment / detachment mechanism for construction machinery - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a construction machine used for digging and leveling earth and sand, and in particular, a bucket and accessories for performing various civil engineering works are detachably connected to the tip of an arm. The present invention relates to a bucket attaching / detaching mechanism of a construction machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in construction machines, especially excavators, machines used for trench digging and back digging called backhoes, accessories attached to an arm are often replaced for the purpose of the operation. there were. This excavator was widely used in civil engineering and construction work.
In this excavator, a bucket for excavating earth and sand is connected to the tip of an arm. By swinging this arm and the bucket vertically with a hydraulic cylinder, it is possible to save labor and improve work efficiency in the work of digging earth and sand and forming a groove.

However, these days, the excavator is not used only for the purpose of simple drilling work, but it is often used for other work purposes by utilizing its mechanism. That is,
BACKGROUND ART Buckets attached to arms are connected to accessories for other work, and applications for specific civil work and construction work are becoming popular. For example, buckets with different excavation widths may be attached to work depending on the hardness of earth and sand and the width of grooves. In addition, a breaker may be connected to the tip of the arm, or a grip may be attached to the arm for breaking work or cargo handling work. By combining these various accessories with the arm, the excavator can be used for various construction work, and the applicability at the work site can be spread.

In the case of changing the accessory to the tip of the arm, the conventional work of changing the attachment is complicated. First, the bucket attached to the end of the arm had to be removed and accessories for other uses had to be manually connected. In this manual work, the two connecting pins connecting the arm and the bucket must be removed and the bucket must be separated from the arm.
Then, after connecting other accessories to the arm, a connecting pin had to be inserted between the accessory and the arm.

A series of operations for attaching and detaching accessories to and from the excavator have been performed manually. Moreover, a plurality of workers are required for the work of attachment and detachment, and the number of workers is required, which hinders the efficiency at the work site. Also, it takes time to insert and remove pins and replace accessories,
Replacing the optimum accessories at the work site was not a quick response.

For this reason, if the accessories can be quickly attached to and detached from the end of the arm according to the purpose of use at the work site and the number of workers required can be reduced, civil engineering and construction At the work site, it was possible to improve work efficiency.

[0007]

Accordingly, if only the operator operating the excavator can remove the accessory attached to the tip of the arm and replace it with the accessory for another purpose, the replacement is required. Does not need other workers for
The number of workers can be reduced. In addition, when connecting the arm and accessory, not only by simply hooking them together, but by connecting the shaft holes by pin connection, the accessory and arm can be sufficiently held even if a large acting force is applied. There is little deformation of.

For this reason, the same inventor as the inventor of the present application has proposed a bucket attaching / detaching mechanism in which a pair of engaging claws which can be expanded and contracted vertically are provided at the tip of the arm in order to solve this problem. No. 196763 of the second year of the wish, 25th year of the special application
0697). Similarly, a structure is also proposed in which a claw is provided on the upper side of the tip of the arm, and a connecting pin that can be extended to the left and right is provided below the claw (Japanese Patent Application No. 2243203).
No. 243204 of Japanese Patent Application No. 2). Furthermore, a horizontal groove is opened at the tip of the arm, the accessory is hooked with the claw above the tip of the arm, and then the connecting rod fixed to the accessory is inserted into this groove and grasped. Is also proposed (Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 2 305558).

[0009] In these newly proposed configurations, the configuration is extremely complicated, and the connection between the arm and the accessory is engaged by the upward claws instead of the pin connection.
When a large acting force was applied to the accessory, the nail was deformed and it was difficult to withstand long-term use. In addition, between the arm and the accessory, both of them often rotate and operate during the work, and therefore, it is preferable that both of them are connected by pin holes and pin connection by pin connection.

For this reason, a dedicated bracket is fixed to the bucket, a connecting pin and a pin hole are provided in the bracket, a mounting member is fixed to the arm, and a dedicated engaging recess is formed in the mounting member. A bucket attachment / detachment device has also been proposed (for example, Japanese Utility Model Application No. 61361/361).
In this mechanism, a dedicated bracket must be fixed to the bucket, and a commonly used bucket cannot be used as it is. Also, although the bracket and the mounting member will be joined by a pin,
The position of this pin is located on the front side of the tip of the arm, and the center of gravity is located at the tip, which causes the arm to become heavy.

From the above, the bucket which has been generally used conventionally can be used as it is, the connection between the arm and the bucket can be facilitated, the pin hole for inserting the connection pin can be easily positioned, and the accessory and the arm can be easily connected. It was desired to develop a bucket attachment / detachment mechanism for construction machines that can be connected by pins.

[0012]

According to the present invention, there is provided a movable vehicle body, a boom which is vertically swingably connected to the vehicle body, and an arm which is vertically swingably connected to a tip of the boom. In a construction machine consisting of a bucket detachably engaged with the tip of the arm, a pair of engagement links rotatably connected to the left and right of the tip of the arm and an upper side of the front side of each engagement link. Engaging claws projecting toward, a bucket cylinder whose base is connected to the rear of the arm, and its cylinder rods are connected to the upper parts of both engaging links, and the tip of the arm, which is the center of rotation of the engaging link. Pin holes opened at the same position as the bracket, a pair of brackets fixed to the back of the bucket with a gap, hook pins installed between both brackets, and each bracket with a gap from the hook pins. Pin holes opened at the end of the arm and pins opened at each bracket after engaging the hooking pin with the engagement hole formed by the pin hole opened respectively and the engagement claw protruding on the engagement link The present invention provides a bucket attaching / detaching mechanism for a construction machine, which is configured by a connecting pin that is commonly inserted in a hole.

The present invention also provides a movable vehicle body, a boom vertically swingably coupled to the vehicle body, an arm vertically swingably coupled to a tip of the boom, and a tip of the arm. In a construction machine consisting of a bucket removably engaged with the bearing, a cylindrical bearing inserted into the tip of the arm so that the axis line is perpendicular to the length direction, and the shaft core of the bearing Opened pin holes, a pair of engaging links located on the left and right of the arm, the lower parts of which are rotatably connected to bearings, and engaging claws protruding upward in front of the respective engaging links. And its base is connected to the rear of the arm, and its cylinder rod is connected to the upper part of both engaging links, a pair of brackets fixed at the back of the bucket at a distance, and mounted between both brackets. Taiki A pin over a pin hole is respectively spaced from the hook pins on each bracket opening,
After engaging the hooking pin with the engaging groove formed by the engaging claw projected on the engaging link, the pin is formed from the pin hole of the bearing and the connecting pin that is commonly inserted into the pin hole opened in each bracket. The present invention provides a bucket attaching / detaching mechanism for a construction machine.

Furthermore, it is desirable that the distance between the engaging groove formed by the engaging claws in the engaging link and the pin hole is substantially equal to the distance between the hooking pin fixed to the bucket bracket and the pin hole. A feature of the present invention is to provide a bucket attaching / detaching mechanism for a construction machine.

Further, according to the present invention, the movable vehicle body, the boom vertically swingably coupled to the vehicle body, the arm vertically swingably coupled to the tip of the boom, and the tip of the arm. In a construction machine consisting of a bucket removably engaged with each other, a pair of engagement links rotatably connected to the left and right of the tip of an arm, and an upward projection at the front side of each engagement link. And a bucket cylinder whose base is connected to the rear of the arm and whose cylinder rods are connected to the upper parts of both engagement links, and a position at the tip of the arm that is coaxial with the rotation center of the engagement link. The connecting pins protruding and retracting from the side of the arm, a pair of brackets fixed to the back of the bucket at a distance, a hooking pin mounted between both brackets, and a pair of brackets at intervals from the hooking pins. Each of the brackets has a pin hole opened, and after engaging the hooking pin with the engaging groove formed by the engaging claw protruding on the engaging link, the pin hole opened on each bracket is opened on the arm. Move it in the tip direction and insert the connecting pin from the side of the arm into the pin hole of the bracket to connect the bracket to the engaging link.
A bucket attachment / detachment mechanism for a construction machine, which is characterized in that a bucket is attached to a tip of an arm.

In the present invention, a movable vehicle body,
A construction machine comprising a boom vertically swingably connected to the vehicle body, an arm vertically swingably connected to the boom tip, and a bucket detachably engaged with the arm tip. In, the pair of engagement links rotatably connected to the left and right of the tip of the arm, the engagement claws protruding upward on the front side of each of the engagement links, and the base thereof are connected to the rear of the arm. And a pair of independent bucket cylinders connecting the cylinder rods to the upper portions of both engagement links and a pair of independent arms protruding and retracting from the left and right side surfaces of the arm at a position coaxial with the pivot center of the engagement link at the tip of the arm. A connecting pin, a hydraulic cylinder in which the cylinder rod is stored toward the tip of the arm, and a cylinder rod of this hydraulic cylinder. Triangular actuating plate in contact with each connecting pin, a pair of brackets fixed at the back of the bucket at intervals, hook pins installed between both brackets, and a distance from the hook pins to each bracket. After engaging the hooking pin with the engaging groove formed by the engaging claw protruding on the engaging link, the pin hole opened on each bracket is inserted into the arm tip direction. And move the hydraulic cylinder to move the operating plate with the cylinder rod, project both connecting pins from the side surface of the arm on the inclined surface of the operating plate, and insert each connecting pin into the pin hole of each bracket. A bucket attaching / detaching mechanism for a construction machine, characterized in that the bracket is connected to the engaging link and the bucket is attached to the tip of the arm. Than it is.

Further, it is desirable that the distance between the engaging groove formed by the engaging claws in the engaging link and the connecting pin be substantially equal to the distance between the hooking pin fixed to the bracket of the bucket and the pin hole. A feature of the present invention is to provide a bucket attaching / detaching mechanism for a construction machine.

[0018]

In the present invention, the tip of the arm is provided with an engaging link formed with a pair of upwardly facing engaging claws, and a pin hole is formed below the engaging link. And
A hooking pin on which the engaging claw is hooked is fixed to the bucket, and a pin hole is opened at a position apart from the hooking pin by a predetermined distance. Since this pin hole uses the pin hole of the bracket which has been conventionally fixed to a general bucket, and the hook pin is inserted and fixed in another pin hole, the bucket is not modified. And
In order to connect the arm and the bucket, the arm is swung up and down, the hooking pin is hooked by the engaging claw, and the bucket is hung on the arm. Next, when the engaging link is swung, the pin hole of the engaging link and the pin hole of the bracket are located at the same axis, and the bucket can be connected to the arm by inserting the connecting pins into both the pin holes. In the configuration of the present invention, the distance between the engaging claw and the pin hole and the distance between the hooking pin and the pin hole are matched in advance, so that the two pin holes can be accurately aligned, and the connecting pin is connected to the pin hole. Easy to insert. In this configuration, the arm and the bucket are connected by a pin, so that both can be smoothly rotated and can be held firmly. Therefore, even if a strong force is applied to the bucket during work, the member may be deformed. There are few.

It is also possible to provide a pin protruding and retracted from the inside of the arm toward the side surface thereof, and to operate this pin by a hydraulic cylinder. With this configuration, the pin can be freely retracted from the driver's seat from the arm,
The operation of attaching and detaching the bucket can be performed without the need for a worker to go out of the vehicle to perform work. For this reason, a bucket or an accessory to be attached to the tip of the arm can be selected and attached / detached while the worker is sitting in the driver's seat, and the efficiency of civil engineering work can be improved.

[0020]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In this embodiment, FIGS. 1 to 6 show a first embodiment of the present invention. In this example, FIG.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the entire excavator showing a state in which a bucket attaching / detaching mechanism is provided at the tip of the arm, FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing the tip portion of the arm of the excavator, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the tip portion of the arm. Is.

Crawlers 2 are provided on the lower left and right sides of the vehicle body 1 accommodating an engine and the like, and the crawler 2 allows the vehicle body 1 to freely move back and forth and left and right. A boom 3 bent in a slightly V shape is attached to the front of the vehicle body 1 so as to be vertically swingable.
Hydraulic cylinders 4 for raising and lowering are respectively interposed between the right and left of the center of the boom 3 and the front surface of the vehicle body 1, and the boom 3 is swung up and down by the hydraulic cylinders 4. .

An elongated arm 5 is vertically swingably connected to the upper end of the boom 3, and a swinging hydraulic cylinder 6 is provided between the center of the rear surface of the boom 3 and the rear end of the arm 5. Is intervened. With this hydraulic cylinder 6, the arm 5 can be swung up and down with respect to the boom 3. A rear end of the bucket cylinder 7 is connected to the center of the rear surface of the arm 5, and a rising link 9 is connected to the left and right ends of the cylinder rod 8 of the bucket cylinder 7. And these startup links 9
The lower end of each of these is connected to both sides near the tip of the arm 5.

Further, a pair of connecting links 10 are connected in parallel to the tip of the cylinder rod 8, and the connecting links 10 are directed toward the tip of the arm 5. Engagement links 11 are arranged in parallel between the tip ends of the connection links 10 and the arm 5 at intervals, and the engagement links 11 are swingably connected. These arms 5, rising links 9, connecting links 10, engaging links 11
This forms a rotatable link mechanism. The engaging claws 12 projecting upward are formed on the front upper portions of the respective engaging links 11. Further, a pin hole 13 is opened in the left and right direction of a pivotally connected portion at the tip of the arm 5 and the lower end of the engagement link 11 so as to penetrate therethrough.

The bucket 15 shown in FIG. 1 has a conventionally well-known shape, and a pair of flat plate-like brackets 16 are fixed in parallel to the outer periphery of the bucket 15. A hooking pin 17 is fixed between the brackets 16 (toward the bottom of the bucket 15), and a pin hole 18 is opened in each of the brackets 16.
The hooking pin 17 and the pin hole 18 may be the pin holes for attachment and detachment that are opened in the bucket 15 having the conventional structure, and the hooking pin 17 is located in the bottom direction of the bucket 15. The pin hole 18 fixed to both pin holes may be the pin hole for attachment / detachment that is opened in the conventional bucket 15 as it is.
Further, an elongated connecting pin 19 is prepared for connecting the arm 5 and the bucket 15.
Can be inserted into the pin holes 13 and 18.

Next, FIG. 2 is an enlarged view showing the bucket attaching / detaching mechanism formed near the tip of the arm 5. A pin 21 is inserted through the tip of the cylinder rod 8 in the left-right direction, and a connecting link 10 is rotatably inserted through the pin 21 so as to be in close contact with the left and right sides of the cylinder rod 8. Further, the upper ends of the rising links 9 are closely attached to the left and right of the connecting link 10, and the rising links 9 are also rotatably inserted in the pins 21. The lower ends of the rising links 9 are rotatably connected by pins 22 near the tip of the arm 5. The engaging links 11 are arranged parallel to the left and right of the tip of the arm 5, and the upper portions of the engaging links 11 are formed to be wider than the lower portions thereof, and the front surfaces of the respective upper portions (the left side in FIG. 2) face upward. The extended engaging claws 12 are projected. With these engaging claws 12,
An engaging groove 23 having a U-shaped cross section is formed in the upper part of the engaging link 11. The upper end of the engaging link 11 is swingably connected to the tip of the connecting link 10 by a pin 24, and a curler 25 is interposed between the connecting links 10 at the center of the pin 24. The lower end of each of the engagement links 11 is swingably connected to the tip of the arm 5 by a bearing 26. This bearing 26
A pin hole 13 is opened at the center of the hole. The distance between the bottom of the engagement groove 23 (the position at the bottom of the drawing in the figure) and the pin hole 13 is set to match the distance between the side surface of the hooking pin 17 and the pin hole 18 in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing the vicinity of the tip of the arm 5. In this figure, the connecting pin 19 is inserted into the pin holes 13 and 18, and the bucket 15 is connected to the tip of the arm 5. Is.

A shaft support 30 having a hollow interior and flanges at both ends is fixed to the tip of the arm 5, and the lower ends of the engaging links 11 are in contact with both side surfaces of the shaft support 30. I am allowed. Then, the engagement link 11 and the shaft support 3
A bearing 26 whose one side is a flange is inserted between 0, and a ring-shaped contact plate 31 is in contact with the other end of this bearing 26. The contact plate 31 and the bearing 26 are screwed together. 32, and the contact plate 31 and the engagement link 11 are connected by a screw 33. By fixing the contact plate 31 to the one engagement link 11, both engagement links 11 can freely rotate with respect to the arm 5 and are held so as not to fall off from the arm 5. There is. A hole penetrating left and right inside the center of the bearing 26 corresponds to the pin hole 13. This bearing 26
The inner surface of the bracket 16 of the bucket 15 is brought into contact with the side surface of the bracket 15 and the side surface of the backing plate 31, respectively, and the connecting pin 19 is inserted into the pin hole 18 of the bracket 16 and the pin hole 13 of the bearing 26 to attach the bracket 5 to the tip of the arm 5. 16 can be rotatably connected. The washer 34 is inserted through the tip of the connecting pin 19, and the split pin 35 is inserted through the tip of the connecting pin 19, so that the connecting pin 19 is moved to the arm 5.
It prevents it from falling out.

Next, referring to FIGS. 4, 5, and 6, the arm 5
The operation of attaching the bucket 15 to the tip of the will be described. In this description, the procedure of swinging the boom 3 and the arm 5 with respect to the bucket 15 placed on the ground to allow the operator who has boarded the excavator to independently combine the two will be described.

FIG. 4 shows a state where no accessory for civil engineering work (here, the bucket 15) is attached to the tip of the arm 5, and an operation for attaching the bucket 15 to the tip of the arm 5 from this state. Will start.

Before the mounting work is started, the bucket cylinder 7 is actuated to extend the cylinder rod 8 to the maximum extent, and the engaging claw 12 is inclined so as to incline forward as much as possible. In this state, by operating the hydraulic cylinders 4 and 6 in cooperation, the boom 3 and the arm 5 are swung up and down, the engaging claw 12 is inserted toward the lower side of the hooking pin 17, and the hooking pin 17 is engaged. It is inserted into the groove 23. Since the engagement groove 23 is formed in a U shape, the hooking pin 17 can be easily inserted into the engagement groove 23.

FIG. 5 shows a state in which the hooking pin 17 is inserted into the internal space of the engaging groove 23. After this state, the hydraulic cylinders 4 and 6 are operated in cooperation to lift the arm 5 slightly upward, and the bucket cylinder 7 is contracted to rotate the rising link 9 clockwise in the drawing. The connection link 10 is pulled by the rotation of the rising link 9, the engagement link 11 rotates about the bearing 26, and the hooking pin 1 is placed at the innermost part of the engagement groove 23.
Slide 7 Therefore, the bucket 15 is hooked by the engagement groove 23, and the bucket 15 is held at the tip of the arm 5 via the engagement link 11.

When the bucket cylinder 7 is still contracted while the hooking pin 17 is still hooked in the engaging groove 23,
As shown in FIG. 6, the bucket 15 rotates counterclockwise by its own weight, and the pin hole 18 and the pin hole 13 are positioned coaxially. As shown in FIG. 6, the bucket cylinder 7
When the engagement link 11 rises due to contraction, the hooking pin 17 slides to the innermost part of the engagement groove 23. In this state, the distance between the engagement groove 23 and the pin hole 13 and the hooking pin 17 are increased. Since the distance between the pin hole 18 and
The axes of 3 and 18 are always located at the same position. When the state of FIG. 6 is reached, the operator of the excavator descends from the vehicle body 1 and inserts the connecting pin 19 through the pin hole 18. The connecting pin 19 passes through the pin holes 18 and 13 and penetrates the arm 5. As a result, the bucket 15 is pin-connected to the tip of the arm 5 by the connecting pin 19. After that, the washer 34 is inserted into the tip of the connecting pin 19 and the split pin 35 is inserted into the tip of the connecting pin 19, so that the connecting pin 19 does not fall off from the arm 5.

In order to remove the bucket 15 from the end of the arm 5, the procedure of FIG. 6, FIG. 5, and FIG.
Can be removed.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
This will be described below. In the first embodiment, the connection pin 19 must be manually inserted to be inserted into the pin holes 13 and 18, but in the second embodiment, the connection pins 37 and 38 are connected to the arm 5. It can be retracted by hydraulic pressure from the side surface and can be automatically attached and detached. Here, FIG. 7 is a sectional view in which the arm 5 is horizontally cut, and FIG. 8 is a perspective view in which the drive portion is disassembled.

Inside the arm 5, a hydraulic cylinder 40 for driving is housed in parallel with the length direction of the arm 5, and a cylinder rod 41 of this hydraulic cylinder 40 is directed to the front of the arm 5. . The bottom of the cylinder rod 41 is connected to the center of the bottom of a triangular actuating plate 42. The left and right hypotenuses of the actuating plate 42 are arranged to incline with the side surfaces of the arm 5 at a constant angle. . From the tip of the operating plate 42, the cylinder rod 41
A guide groove 43 is formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the operating plate 42. Block-shaped guide bodies 44 and 45 are fixed in parallel to the tip of the arm 5, and the distance between the lower surface of the guide body 44 and the upper surface of the guide body 45 is greater than the thickness of the operating plate 42. It is set to a slightly larger size. A guide protrusion 4 is provided at the center of each of the guide members 44 and 45.
6, 47 are formed, and these guide protrusions 46, 4
7 is engaged with the guide groove 43. The guide groove 43 and the guide protrusions 46 and 47 mesh with each other, and the upper and lower surfaces of the operating plate 42 come into contact with the inner surfaces of the guide bodies 44 and 45, so that the operating plate 42 slides by the force of the cylinder rod 41, and The movement is held in a straight line.

Next, the shapes of the connecting pins 37 and 38 will be described. These connecting pins 37 and 38 are in the shape of a round bar formed so that their outer shapes are slightly smaller than the inner diameters of the sliding holes 70 and 71. A sliding hole 50 is formed coaxially inside one of the connecting pins 37, and a rectangular cross section is formed on the end face of the connecting pin 37 on the opening side of the sliding hole 50 so as to be perpendicular to its axis. The insertion groove 51 of is processed. The bottom surface inside the insertion groove 51 has an inclined operating surface 5.
2, 53, and the inclination angles of the operating surfaces 52, 53 are the same as the inclination angle of the hypotenuse of the operating plate 42.

Next, the outer diameter of the other connecting pin 38 is formed slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the sliding movement groove 71, and the outer diameter of the inner side of the arm 5 of this connecting pin 38 is small. The inserted portions 54, 55 are processed, and the inserted portions 54, 5 are
5 has a shape that can be inserted into the sliding hole 50. An insertion groove 56 is formed in the center of each of the insertion portions 54 and 55 so as to be perpendicular to the axis of the connecting pin 37, and the bottom surface of the insertion groove 56 is an inclined operation surface 57 and an operation surface 57. The inclination angle of is matched with the inclination angle of the hypotenuse of the operating plate 42.

In this embodiment, the connecting pins 37 and 38 can be automatically retracted from both sides of the tip of the arm 5 by hydraulic pressure, and the connecting pin 37 is a sliding hole opened on the side surface of the arm 5. 70, and the connecting pin 38 is a sliding hole 71 opened in the side surface of the tip of the arm 5.
It is slidably inserted in. Further, stop pins 60 and 61 are vertically projected at positions inside the arm 5 of the connecting pin 37, and between the stop pins 60 and 61 and the inner wall of the arm 5 on the outer periphery of the connecting pin 37. Has a coiled spring 62 interposed. In addition, the connecting pin 38
Stop pins 63 and 64 are vertically projected on the outer circumference of the arm 5 and inside the arm 5, and between the outer circumference of the connecting pin 38 and the inner walls of the arm 5 between the stop pins 63 and 64. A coil-shaped spring 65 is interposed.

These springs 62 and 65 connect the connecting pin 3
7 and 38 are always biased toward the center of the arm 5. Therefore, when the hydraulic cylinder 40 is actuated and the cylinder rod 41 is pushed out, the hypotenuse of the actuating plate 42 contacts the actuating surfaces 52, 53, 57 as described above, and the springs 62, 65 are connected while being compressed. Pins 37, 3
8 can be projected from the side surface of the arm 5.

However, if the cylinder rod 41 is contracted and the operating plate 42 is moved to the right side in FIG. 7, the component force from the operating plate 42 disappears, so that the connecting pins 37, 3
8 is retracted inside the arm 5 by the elastic force of the springs 62 and 65, respectively.

By operating the hydraulic cylinder 40 in this manner, the connecting pins 37 and 38 can be retracted from the side surface of the arm 5. Therefore, the bucket 15
6 is attached to the tip of the arm 5, the hooking pin 17 is locked to the engaging claw 12 to hold the bucket 15 on the engaging link 11 and then the hydraulic cylinder 40 is extended, as shown in FIG. Then, the cylinder rod 41 is extended and the connecting pins 37 and 38 are automatically moved into the sliding grooves 70 and 7.
More protruding and automatically connect the connecting pins 37 and 38 to the pin hole 18
Can be inserted into. With this configuration, a worker sitting in the cockpit of the excavator can operate the operation device to cause the connecting pins 37 and 38 to appear and disappear. For this reason,
In this embodiment, it is not necessary for an operator to get on and off the excavator to attach and detach the connecting pin 19 as in the first embodiment, and the attaching and detaching work of the bucket 15 is quick.

[0042]

As described above, according to the present invention, various buckets can be attached to and detached from the tip of the arm of a conventional excavator, though it has a simple structure. Further, the structure of the conventional excavator is simply connected to the link having the engaging claw, and the arm does not need to be remodeled. Therefore, the conventional excavator can be used as it is, and even accessories used for construction and civil engineering such as buckets can be interchanged by simply modifying the hooking pins that engage with the engaging claws. , Is one that does not require major modifications.

Further, it is sufficient to insert the hooking pin into the pin hole which is opened in the bracket and fix the bucket without making a great modification or processing to the bucket, which is inexpensive. Therefore, many buckets that have been used can be used as they are, and existing buckets can be attached and detached, which is highly applicable.

Furthermore, if a pin that appears on the side surface is installed in the arm, the pin can be operated in the driver's seat.
A bucket or the like can be detached and replaced at a position where a worker normally operates, and work can be improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing a configuration for connecting a bucket to an excavator.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view showing a configuration near a tip of an arm of an excavator.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a bucket is attached to the tip of an arm.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a state before the bucket is attached to the arm tip.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the tip of the arm is hooked on the bucket.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a state in which the arm and the bucket are connected by a connecting pin.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of the inside of the arm in the second embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view showing a drive mechanism of a connecting pin in the second embodiment. 1 Body 3 Boom 5 Arm 7 Bucket Cylinder 9 Start-up Link 10 Connecting Link 11 Engaging Link 12 Engaging Claw 13 Pin Hole 15 Bucket 16 Bracket 17 Hooking Pin 18 Pin Hole 19 Connecting Pin 23 Engaging Groove

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A movable vehicle body, a boom vertically swingably connected to the vehicle body, an arm vertically swingably connected to a tip of the boom, and a arm detachably attached to the tip of the arm. In a construction machine composed of engaged buckets, a pair of engagement links rotatably connected to the left and right of the tip of an arm, and engagement claws protruding upward at the front side of each engagement link. And a bucket cylinder whose base is connected to the rear of the arm and whose cylinder rods are connected to the upper portions of both engagement links, and an opening at the tip of the arm which is coaxial with the center of rotation of the engagement links. Pin holes, a pair of brackets fixed at the back of the bucket at intervals, hook pins installed between both brackets, and pin holes opened in each bracket at intervals from the hook pins. Then, after engaging the hooking pin with the engaging groove formed by the engaging claw protruding on the engaging link, the pin hole that is opened at the tip of the arm and the pin hole that is opened in each bracket are commonly inserted. A bucket attaching / detaching mechanism for a construction machine, comprising: a connecting pin. 2. A movable vehicle body, a boom vertically swingably connected to the vehicle body, an arm vertically swingably connected to a tip of the boom, and an arm detachably attached to a tip of the arm. In a construction machine consisting of engaged buckets, a cylindrical bearing inserted at the tip of the arm so that the axis line is perpendicular to the length direction, and a pin hole opened through the shaft core of the bearing And a pair of engaging links located on the left and right of the arm and rotatably connected to the lower portions of the arms, respectively, and engaging claws protruding upward on the front side of the engaging links, and a base portion thereof. To the rear of the arm, the cylinder cylinder connected to the upper part of both engagement links, a pair of brackets fixed to the back of the bucket at a distance, and a hook pin attached between both brackets, Pull After engaging the hook pin with the pin hole opened in each bracket at a distance from the hook pin and the engaging groove formed by the engaging claw protruding on the engaging link, the pin hole of the bearing A bucket attaching / detaching mechanism for a construction machine, comprising: and a connecting pin that is commonly inserted into a pin hole opened in each bracket. 3. The distance between the depth of the engagement groove formed by the engagement claws in the engagement link and the pin hole is substantially equal to the distance between the hooking pin fixed to the bracket of the bucket and the pin hole. A bucket attaching / detaching mechanism for a construction machine according to claim 1. 4. A movable vehicle body, a boom vertically swingably coupled to the vehicle body, an arm vertically swingably coupled to a tip of the boom, and a detachable arm distally of the arm. In a construction machine composed of engaged buckets, a pair of engagement links rotatably connected to the left and right of the tip of an arm, and engagement claws protruding upward at the front side of each engagement link. And a bucket cylinder whose base is connected to the rear of the arm and whose cylinder rods are connected to the upper portions of both engagement links, and a side surface of the arm at the tip of the arm which is coaxial with the rotation center of the engagement links. More protruding and retracting connecting pins, a pair of brackets fixed at the back of the bucket at intervals, hook pins installed between both brackets, and each bracket at intervals from the hook pins. After engaging the hooking pin with the engaging groove formed by the engaging claw protruding from the engaging link, open the pin hole opened in each bracket in the tip direction of the arm. A bucket attaching / detaching mechanism for a construction machine, characterized in that the bracket is connected to the engaging link by moving and inserting the connecting pin from the side surface of the arm into the pin hole of the bracket, and the bucket is attached to the tip of the arm. 5. A movable vehicle body, a boom vertically swingably connected to the vehicle body, an arm vertically swingably connected to a tip of the boom, and an arm detachably attached to the tip of the arm. In a construction machine composed of engaged buckets, a pair of engagement links rotatably connected to the left and right of the tip of an arm, and engagement claws protruding upward at the front side of each engagement link. And a bucket cylinder whose base is connected to the rear of the arm and whose cylinder rods are connected to the upper parts of both engaging links, and the left and right of the arm at the position of the tip of the arm which is coaxial with the center of rotation of the engaging links. Connected to a pair of independent connecting pins protruding and retracting from each side, a hydraulic cylinder in which the cylinder rod is housed in the arm toward the tip of the arm, and a cylinder rod of this hydraulic cylinder The triangular actuating plate with each side of the inclined surface in contact with each connecting pin, a pair of brackets fixed to the back of the bucket at a distance, a hooking pin mounted between both brackets, and a hooking hook. It consists of a pin hole opened in each bracket at a distance from the pin, and after engaging the hooking pin with the engaging groove formed by the engaging claw protruding on the engaging link, Move the open pin hole toward the tip of the arm and operate the hydraulic cylinder to move the operating plate by the cylinder rod, and project both connecting pins from the side surface of the arm by the inclined surface of the operating plate. The construction machine characterized in that the bracket is connected to the engagement link by inserting the bracket into the pin hole of each bracket, and the bucket is attached to the tip of the arm. Of the bucket attaching and detaching mechanism. 6. The distance between the engaging groove formed by the engaging claws in the engaging link and the connecting pin is substantially equal to the distance between the hooking pin fixed to the bracket of the bucket and the pin hole. A bucket attaching / detaching mechanism for a construction machine according to claim 4.