JPH09508651A - クラッキング方法 - Google Patents
クラッキング方法Info
- Publication number
- JPH09508651A JPH09508651A JP7518637A JP51863795A JPH09508651A JP H09508651 A JPH09508651 A JP H09508651A JP 7518637 A JP7518637 A JP 7518637A JP 51863795 A JP51863795 A JP 51863795A JP H09508651 A JPH09508651 A JP H09508651A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- protective layer
- chromium
- group vib
- coating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 161
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 168
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 115
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 nitrogen-containing compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004227 thermal cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910003470 tongbaite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- GVEHJMMRQRRJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(2+);methanidylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr+2].[Cr]#[C-].[Cr]#[C-] GVEHJMMRQRRJPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 7
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021554 Chromium(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007431 microscopic evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021556 Chromium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000007831 chromium(III) chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011636 chromium(III) chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBWRJSSJWDOUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromium(ii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cr]Cl XBWRJSSJWDOUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005235 decoking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001293 incoloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000001967 indiganyl group Chemical group [H][In]([H])[*] 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical group CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001134 stannide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000619 316 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241001600451 Chromis Species 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N Protium Chemical compound [1H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000270666 Testudines Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910003091 WCl6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- TUFZVLHKHTYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony;nickel Chemical compound [Sb]#[Ni] TUFZVLHKHTYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000008280 chlorinated hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001844 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005254 chromizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N decane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[14CH3] DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012208 gear oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000386 microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- PDKHNCYLMVRIFV-UHFFFAOYSA-H molybdenum;hexachloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Mo] PDKHNCYLMVRIFV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NHARPDSAXCBDDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009419 refurbishment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachlorotungsten Chemical compound Cl[W](Cl)(Cl)Cl YOUIDGQAIILFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0006—Controlling or regulating processes
- B01J19/002—Avoiding undesirable reactions or side-effects, e.g. avoiding explosions, or improving the yield by suppressing side-reactions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/02—Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C4/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms
- C07C4/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a larger number of carbon atoms by cracking a single hydrocarbon or a mixture of individually defined hydrocarbons or a normally gaseous hydrocarbon fraction
- C07C4/04—Thermal processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.炭化水素のクラッキング方法であって、 (i)(a)鋼部分に耐金属浸炭性保護層を形成するために有効な第VIB族 金属メッキ、クラッド又は第VIB族金属の他の被覆を、操作中に鋼部分を炭化 水素から単離させるために有効な厚さまで適用し、(b)連続した中間炭化物富 化結合層を介して鋼部分に固定された保護層を形成することによって、クラッキ ング反応器系の鋼部分に浸炭、摩耗及び剥離に耐性でかつコークス化に耐性な第 VIB族金属保護層を与える工程と、 (ii)炭化水素供給材料(フィード)をクラッキングする工程と を含む前記方法。 2.第VIB族金属がクロムである、請求項1記載の方法。 3.炭化水素供給材料の熱クラッキングがエチレンを生成する、請求項1記載 の方法。 4.第VIB族金属メッキ、クラッド又は他の被覆を0.5mil(ミル)〜 15milの厚さまで適用する、請求項1記載の方法。 5.第VIB族金属メッキ、クラッド又は他の被覆を1mil〜10milの 厚さまで適用する、請求項1記載の方法。 6.第VIB族金属メッキ、クラッド又は他の被覆を2mil〜8milの厚 さまで適用する、請求項5記載の方法。 7.炭化水素供給材料のクラッキング中に少なくとも約1700°F(926 .7℃)のスキン(skin)温度を示す反応器系の部分上に、保護層を形成する、請 求項1記載の方法。 8.保護層を炉管又は熱交換器の少なくとも一部に適用する、請求項1記載の 方法。 9.第VIB族金属をメッキとして適用する、請求項1記載の方法。 10.第VIB族金属を第VIB族金属含有塗料として適用する、請求項1記 載の方法。 11.塗料が可融性CrCl2又はCrCl3塩を含む、請求項10記載の方 法。 12.鋼部分が反応器系の耐熱性鋼部分である、請求項1記載の方法。 13.約1600°F(871.1℃)を越える温度において水蒸気と接触す るエチレンクラッカー炉管の保護方法であって、 (a)耐熱性鋼製のエチレンクラッカー管にクロム層を適用する工程と、 (b)酸化クロムの形成を防止する条件下でクロム層を加熱することによって 、連続した中間炭化物富化結合層を介して鋼部分に固定された保護層を形成する 工程と によって、エチレンクラッカー管に耐コークス性クロム保護層を与えることを含 み、クロム層の厚さが鋼部分中の鉄及びニッケルを操作中に炭化水素から単離さ せるために充分な厚さである前記方法。 14.得られる被覆が2〜4mil厚さである、請求項13記載の方法。 15.エチレンを製造するためのエタン、プロパン及び/又はナフサの炭化水 素供給材料を熱クラッキングする方法であって、 (i)(a)鋼部分に耐浸炭性保護層を形成するために有効な第VIB族金属 メッキ、クラッド又は第VIB族金属の他の被覆を、操作中に鋼部分を炭化水素 から単離させるために有効な厚さまで適用し、(b)中間炭化物富化結合層を介 して鋼部分に固定された保護層を形成することによって、クラッキング反応器系 の鋼部分に浸炭、摩耗及び剥離に耐性でかつコークス化に耐性な第VIB族金属 保護層を与える工程と、 (ii)エタン、プロパン及び/又はナフサの炭化水素供給材料を熱クラッキン グしてエチレンを製造する工程と を含む前記方法。 16.第VIB族金属をメッキとして又は第VIB族金属含有塗料として、供 給材料の熱クラッキング中に少なくとも約1700°F(926.7℃)のスキ ン温度を示す反応器系の部分上に適用する、請求項15記載の方法。 17.炭化水素の転化方法であって、 (i)(a)鋼部分に第VIB族金属メッキ、クラッド又は第VIB族金属の 他の被覆を、操作中に鋼部分を炭化水素から単離させるために有効な厚さまで適 用し、(b)(b1)メッキ、クラッド又は他の被覆を水蒸気の不存在下で、中 間炭化物富化結合層を形成するために有効な時間及び温度において硬化させ、( b2)硬化したメッキ、クラッド又は他の被覆を水蒸気の不存在下で、炭化物物 質を硬化したメッキ、クラッド又は他の被覆の1つ以上の亀裂中に受け入れさせ るために有効な温度及び時間において炭化水素と接触させることによって、中間 炭化物富化結合層を介して鋼部分に固定された保護層を形成することによって、 クラッキング反応器系の鋼部分に浸炭、摩耗及び剥離に耐性でかつコークス化に 耐性な第VIB族金属保護層を与える工程と、 (ii)炭化水素供給材料を生成物に転化させる工程と を含む前記方法。 18.(b3)工程(b2)によって処理した鋼部分を、炭化水素の不存在下 で、クラッキング中に炭化水素と接触することになる表面に酸化物被覆を生じる ために有効な温度及び時間において、水蒸気と接触させる工程をさらに含む、請 求項17記載の方法。 19.工程(b3)において、処理済み鋼部分を炭化水素の不存在下で水蒸気 と少なくとも約1700°F(926.7℃)の温度において接触させ、酸化物 被覆が酸化クロム被覆である、請求項18記載の方法。 20.炭化水素の転化方法であって、 (i)(a)鋼部分に第VIB族金属メッキ、クラッド又は第VIB族金属の 他の被覆を、操作中に鋼部分を炭化水素から単離させるために有効な厚さまで適 用し、(b)メッキ、クラッド又は他の被覆を窒素含有化合物の存在下で、中間 炭化物富化結合層を形成するために及び硬化したメッキ、クラッド又は他の被覆 の1つ以上の亀裂中に窒化物物質を受け入れさせるために有効な温度及び時間に おいて硬化させることによって、中間炭化物富化結合層を介して鋼部分に固定さ れた保護層を形成することによって、クラッキング反応器系の鋼部分に浸炭、摩 耗及び剥離に耐性でかつコークス化に耐性な第VIB族金属保護層を与える工程 と、 (ii)炭化水素供給材料を生成物に転化させる工程と を含む前記方法。 21.炭化水素の転化方法であって、 (i)(a)鋼部分に、実質的に連続した耐浸炭性金属保護層を形成するため に有効な、クロムメッキ、クラッド又は他のクロム被覆を、操作中に鋼部分中の 鉄及びニッケルを炭化水素から単離させるために有効な厚さまで適用し、(b) 酸素又は水蒸気の不存在下で熱処理して、中間炭化物富化結合層を介して、鋼部 分に固定された保護層を形成することによって、クラッキング反応器系の耐熱性 鋼部分に浸炭、摩耗及び剥離に耐性でかつコークス化に耐性な第VIB族金属保 護層を与える工程と、 (ii)炭化水素供給材料を水蒸気の存在下で生成物に転化させる工程と を含む前記方法。 22.プロセスがクラッキングであり、生成物がエチレンである、請求項21 記載の方法。 23.保護層を、少なくとも1700°F(926.7℃)のスキン温度を示 す反応器系の部分上に形成する、請求項21記載の方法。 24.熱処理工程を窒素及び/又は炭化水素の存在下で実施する、請求項21 記載の方法。 25.炭化水素と接触するクロム表面が鉄及びニッケルを実質的に含まない、 請求項21記載の方法。 26.クロムをメッキとして適用する、請求項21記載の方法。 27.メッキと塗装の両方を含む組合せ方法によって、保護層を形成する、請 求項1記載の方法。 28.高温において炭化水素と接触する反応器系の鋼部分の保護方法であって 、 (a)鋼部分に、操作中に鋼部分を炭化水素から単離させるために有効な第V IB族金属メッキ、クラッド又は第VIB族金属の他の被覆を適用する工程と、 (b)中間炭化物富化結合層を介して、鋼部分に固定された保護層を形成する 工程と、 (c)保護層中の亀裂を、酸素含有化合物の不存在下で、結合層を操作中の作 用から効果的に単離させる充填材によって充填する工程と による、反応器系の鋼部分に耐浸炭性、耐コークス化性及び耐剥離性の第VIB 族金属保護層を形成することを含む前記方法。 29.高温において炭化水素と接触する、反応器系の鋼部分上の実質的に亀裂 のない保護面の製造方法であって、 (i)鋼部分に、操作中に鋼部分を炭化水素から単離させるために有効な第V IB族金属メッキ、クラッド又は第VIB族金属の他の被覆を適用する工程と、 (ii)(a)金属メッキ、クラッド又は他の被覆を施した鋼を水蒸気及び酸素 の不存在下で、中間炭化物富化結合層を形成するために有効な温度及び時間にお いて処理し; (b)処理済み鋼を水蒸気及び空気の不存在下で所定操作スキン温度において 、窒素含有化合物又は炭化水素と接触させることによって、保護層中の亀裂を第 VIB族金属窒化物又は炭化物によって充填し; (c)場合により、保護層の表面上に第VIB族金属酸化物被覆を生じるため に有効な温度及び時間において、鋼を水蒸気と、炭化水素の不存在下で接触させ ることによって、中間炭化物富化結合層を介して鋼部分に固定された保護層を形 成する工程と を含む前記方法。 30.第VIB族金属保護層と中間炭化物富化結合層とを有する反応器系の鋼 部分であって、前記結合層まで達する未充填の亀裂又は酸化クロムを実質的に含 まない、前記の反応器系の鋼部分。
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| US08/177,822 US6258256B1 (en) | 1994-01-04 | 1994-01-04 | Cracking processes |
| US08/269,764 US5575902A (en) | 1994-01-04 | 1994-07-01 | Cracking processes |
| US08/177,822 | 1994-07-01 | ||
| US08/269,764 | 1994-07-01 | ||
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| JP2005062042A Division JP3977844B2 (ja) | 1994-01-04 | 2005-03-07 | クラッキング方法 |
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| JP2005062042A Expired - Lifetime JP3977844B2 (ja) | 1994-01-04 | 2005-03-07 | クラッキング方法 |
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| JP2005062042A Expired - Lifetime JP3977844B2 (ja) | 1994-01-04 | 2005-03-07 | クラッキング方法 |
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| EP (2) | EP1283254A1 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP3679413B2 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU1599795A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE69531664T2 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2206492T3 (ja) |
| SG (1) | SG55139A1 (ja) |
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-
1995
- 1995-01-03 SG SG1996007803A patent/SG55139A1/en unknown
- 1995-01-03 WO PCT/US1995/000235 patent/WO1995018849A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-01-03 JP JP51863795A patent/JP3679413B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-03 AU AU15997/95A patent/AU1599795A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-01-03 EP EP02023458A patent/EP1283254A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1995-01-03 DE DE69531664T patent/DE69531664T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-01-03 EP EP95908002A patent/EP0738313B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-03 ES ES95908002T patent/ES2206492T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-04-07 US US08/832,992 patent/US5833838A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2005
- 2005-03-07 JP JP2005062042A patent/JP3977844B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6936567B2 (en) | 2000-06-28 | 2005-08-30 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Fuel reformer and manufacturing method of the same |
| JP2017119916A (ja) * | 2012-05-17 | 2017-07-06 | 京セラ株式会社 | 導電部材およびセルスタックならびに電気化学モジュール、電気化学装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69531664D1 (de) | 2003-10-09 |
| SG55139A1 (en) | 1998-12-21 |
| JP3679413B2 (ja) | 2005-08-03 |
| ES2206492T3 (es) | 2004-05-16 |
| AU1599795A (en) | 1995-08-01 |
| DE69531664T2 (de) | 2004-09-30 |
| US5833838A (en) | 1998-11-10 |
| EP0738313A1 (en) | 1996-10-23 |
| JP2005281693A (ja) | 2005-10-13 |
| EP0738313A4 (en) | 1997-03-19 |
| JP3977844B2 (ja) | 2007-09-19 |
| EP1283254A1 (en) | 2003-02-12 |
| EP0738313B1 (en) | 2003-09-03 |
| US5648178A (en) | 1997-07-15 |
| WO1995018849A1 (en) | 1995-07-13 |
| US5575902A (en) | 1996-11-19 |
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