JPH10508338A - 水性二成分−ポリウレタン−被覆剤、その製造及び多層塗膜の製造法におけるその使用 - Google Patents
水性二成分−ポリウレタン−被覆剤、その製造及び多層塗膜の製造法におけるその使用Info
- Publication number
- JPH10508338A JPH10508338A JP8515017A JP51501796A JPH10508338A JP H10508338 A JPH10508338 A JP H10508338A JP 8515017 A JP8515017 A JP 8515017A JP 51501796 A JP51501796 A JP 51501796A JP H10508338 A JPH10508338 A JP H10508338A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- component
- acrylate
- coating
- methacrylate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000011527 polyurethane coating Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CCCCC1 OIWOHHBRDFKZNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 claims description 117
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- -1 glycidyl ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003505 polymerization initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002763 monocarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- LAIJAUHBAWLPCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1CCC(OC(=O)C=C)CC1 LAIJAUHBAWLPCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butylmethacrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SOGAXMICEFXMKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 KBLWLMPSVYBVDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl) prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1CC2(C)C(OC(=O)C=C)CC1C2(C)C PSGCQDPCAWOCSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IAXXETNIOYFMLW-COPLHBTASA-N [(1s,3s,4s)-4,7,7-trimethyl-3-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C1C[C@]2(C)[C@@H](OC(=O)C(=C)C)C[C@H]1C2(C)C IAXXETNIOYFMLW-COPLHBTASA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940119545 isobornyl methacrylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical group OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KGHLETQCOQYUFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-butylcyclohexyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC1CCC(OC(=O)C(C)=C)CC1 KGHLETQCOQYUFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003791 organic solvent mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- RBFPEAGEJJSYCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C RBFPEAGEJJSYCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C RUMACXVDVNRZJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoro-3-methyl-2h-indazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(C)=NNC2=C1 JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FCSHDIVRCWTZOX-DVTGEIKXSA-N clobetasol Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CCl)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O FCSHDIVRCWTZOX-DVTGEIKXSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DWXAVNJYFLGAEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N furan-2-ylmethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC1=CC=CO1 DWXAVNJYFLGAEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- GWZMWHWAWHPNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(O)COC(=O)C=C GWZMWHWAWHPNHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- UHKJHMOIRYZSTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-ethoxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(C)C(=O)OCC UHKJHMOIRYZSTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004836 hexamethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 4
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- VHSHLMUCYSAUQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(O)COC(=O)C(C)=C VHSHLMUCYSAUQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCOC(=O)C=C QZPSOSOOLFHYRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCOCC=C ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 3
- RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylene diisocyanate Chemical compound O=C=NCCCCCCN=C=O RRAMGCGOFNQTLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001261 isocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=O 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007934 α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- PILKNUBLAZTESB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC1CCC(C(C)(C)C)CC1 PILKNUBLAZTESB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diazetidine-2,4-dione Chemical group O=C1NC(=O)N1 PCHXZXKMYCGVFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRCGLALFKDKSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(O)CCOC(=O)C=C JRCGLALFKDKSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCO GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound OCCCCOC(=O)C=C NDWUBGAGUCISDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004971 Cross linker Substances 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005057 Hexamethylene diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005058 Isophorone diisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperidine Chemical compound C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate Chemical compound [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylamine Chemical compound NC1CCCCC1 PAFZNILMFXTMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960002887 deanol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophorone diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1(C)CC(N=C=O)CC(C)(CN=C=O)C1 NIMLQBUJDJZYEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
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- CAPXPQVDOOOYGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisocyanatosilane Chemical compound O=C=N[SiH2]N=C=O CAPXPQVDOOOYGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- VMOWKUTXPNPTEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpropan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)N(C)C VMOWKUTXPNPTEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002806 neon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical group CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GJBRNHKUVLOCEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013638 trimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/62—Polymers of compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/62—Polymers of compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08G18/6216—Polymers of alpha-beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or of derivatives thereof
- C08G18/625—Polymers of alpha-beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids; hydrolyzed polymers of esters of these acids
- C08G18/6254—Polymers of alpha-beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids and of esters of these acids containing hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/62—Polymers of compounds having carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08G18/6216—Polymers of alpha-beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or of derivatives thereof
- C08G18/622—Polymers of esters of alpha-beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids
- C08G18/6225—Polymers of esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid
- C08G18/6229—Polymers of hydroxy groups containing esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid with aliphatic polyalcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.A)KOH40〜200mg/gのOH価、KOH20〜100mg/gの 酸価を有する水で希釈可能な、ヒドロキシル基及びカルボキシル基を有するポリ アクリレート樹脂(A)及び B)架橋剤としてのポリイソシアナート成分(B)を含有する水性二成分−ポ リウレタン−被覆剤において、成分(A)は、ヒドロキシル基含有ポリアクリレ ート樹脂であり、これは、有機溶剤又は溶剤混合物中で、重合開始剤少なくとも 1種の存在下に、 (a1) (a2)、(a3)、(a4)及び(a6)とは異なり、(a2) 、(a3)、(a4)、(a5)及び(a6)と共重合可能な、(メタ)アクリ ル酸と環式脂肪族C6〜C10アルコールとからの実質的にカルボキシル基不含 のエステル(シクロヘキシルメタクリレートを除く)又はこのようなモノマーの 混合物、 (a2) (a1)、(a3)、(a4)及び(a6)とは異なり、(a1) 、(a3)、(a4)、(a5)及び(a6)と共重合可能な、実質的にカルボ キシル基不含の(メタ)アクリル酸エステル又はこのようなモノマーの混合物、 (a3) 1分子当たり少なくとも1個のヒドロキシル基を有し、実質的にカ ルボキシル基不含であ る、(a1)、(a2)、(a4)、(a5)及び(a6)と共重合可能なエチ レン性不飽和モノマー又はそのようなモノマーの混合物、 (a4) 場合により、1分子当たりC−原子数5〜18を有するα−位で分 枝しているモノカルボン酸のビニルエステル1種以上及び/又はアクリル酸及び /又はメタクリル酸と1分子当たりC−原子数5〜18を有するα−位で分枝し ているモノカルボン酸のグリシジルエステルとの反応生成物少なくとも1種又は この反応生成物の代わりの均等量のアクリル酸及び/又はメタクリル酸(これら は重合の間又は後に1分子当たりC−原子数5〜18を有するα−位で分枝して いるモノカルボン酸のグリシジルエステルと反応される)、 (a5) 1分子当たり少なくとも1個のカルボキシル基を有する、(a1) 、(a2)、(a3)、(a4)及び(a6)と重合可能な、エチレン性不飽和 モノマー又はこのようなモノマーの混合物及び (a6) 場合により、(a1)、(a2)、(a3)、(a4)及び(a5 )と重合可能で、(a1)、(a2)、(a3)及び(a4)とは異なる、実質 的にカルボキシル基不含の、エチレン性不飽和モノマー又はこのようなモノマー の混合物 を重合させ、この重合の終了後に、得られたポリアクリレート樹脂を、場合に より少なくとも部分的に 中和し、水中に分散させ、この際、(a1)、(a2)、(a3)、(a4)、 (a5)及び(a6)の種類及び量を、ポリアクリレート樹脂(A)が所望のO H価及び酸価を有するように選択することにより得られるものであることを特徴 とする、水性二成分−ポリウレタン−被覆剤。 2.成分(a3)として、少なくとも部分的に、その都度のモノマーの単独重合 の際に−20℃〜+6℃又は+50℃〜80℃のガラス転移温度を有するポリア クリレート−及び/又はポリメタクリレート樹脂を生じるモノマーのみ又はモノ マーの混合物が使用されている、請求の範囲1に記載の被覆剤。 3.成分(a2)は、成分(a2)の単独重合の際に−70℃〜+120℃のガ ラス転移温度を有するポリアクリレート−及び/又はポリメタクリレート樹脂が 得られるように選択されている、請求の範囲1又は2に記載の被覆剤。 4.成分(a2)は、n−ブチルメタクリレート、n−ブチルアクリレート、t −ブチルメタクリレート、t−ブチルアクリレート、i−ブチルメタクリレート 、i−ブチルアクリレート、メチルメタクリレート、メチルアクリレート、2− エチルヘキシルメタクリレート、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート、ラウリルメ タクリレート、ラウリルアクリレート、ステアリルメタクリレート、ステアリル アクリレー ト、エチルトリグリコールメタクリレート、フルフリールメタクリレート及びフ ルフリールアクリレートから選択されている、請求の範囲1から3のいずれかに 記載の被覆剤。 5.成分(a1)は、シクロヘキシルアクリレート、イソボルニルメタクリレー ト、イソボルニルアクリレート、4−t−ブチルシクロヘキシルアクリレート及 び/又は4−ブチルシクロヘキシルメタクリレートから、かつ有利には4−t− ブチルシクロヘキシルアクリレート及び/又は4−ブチルシクロヘキシルメタク リレートから選択されている、請求の範囲1から4のいずれかに記載の被覆剤。 6.アクリレート樹脂は、 (a1) 成分(a1)5〜80重量%、有利に5〜30重量%、 (a2) 成分(a2)5〜80重量%、有利に5〜30重量%、 (a3) 成分(a3)10〜60重量%、有利に10〜40重量%、 (a4) 成分(a4)0〜20重量%、有利に0〜15重量%、 (a5) 成分(a5)1〜15重量%、有利に2〜8重量%及び (a6) 成分(a6)0〜40重量%、有利に0〜30重量% (ここで、成分(a1)〜(a6)の重量配分の合計はその都度100重量% である)から得られる、請求の範囲1〜5のいずれかに記載の被覆剤。 7.ポリアクリレート樹脂は、数平均分子量Mn1000〜7000、有利に1 800〜5000を有し、重量平均分子量Mwと数平均分子量Mnとの比5.0以 下、有利に1.8〜4.0、及び/又は60〜140mgKOH/gのOH−価 及び/又は25〜50mgKOH/gの酸価を有する、請求の範囲1から6のい ずれかに記載の被覆剤。 8.被覆剤は、架橋剤(B)として、ジイソシアナート及び/又はポリイソシア ナート少なくとも1種、有利に、イソシアヌレート基含有ジ−及び/又はポリイ ソシアナート少なくとも1種を含有する、請求の範囲1から7のいずれかに記載 の被覆剤。 9.アクリレート樹脂(A)とは異なる結合剤少なくとももう1種、有利に、( A)とは異なる水で希釈可能な又は水溶性のポリアクリレート樹脂及び/又はポ リウレタン樹脂及び/又はポリエステル樹脂及び/又はポリアルキド樹脂及び/ 又はエポキシド樹脂エステル少なくとももう1種を含有する、請求の範囲1から 8のいずれかに記載の被覆剤。 10. (1)基材表面上に着色された下塗りラッカーを施与し、 (2)工程(1)で施与された下塗りラッカーからポリマー塗膜を形成させ、 (3)こうして得られた下塗り層の上に、 (A)水で希釈可能なヒドロキシル基含有ポリアクリレート樹脂及び (B)架橋剤としてのポリイソシアナート成分を含有する透明な上塗りラッ カーを施与し、かつ引き続き、 (4)下塗りラッカー層と上塗りラッカー層とを一緒に硬化させる方法により 、基材表面上に多層の保護性及び/又は装飾性の被覆を製造する方法において、 上塗りラッカーとして、請求の範囲1から9のいずれかに記載の被覆剤を使用す ることを特徴とする、基材表面上に多層の保護性及び/又は装飾性の被覆を製造 する方法。 11.自動車修理塗装の分野での、殊に上塗りラッカーとしての、請求の範囲1 から9のいずれかに記載の被覆剤の使用。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4439669.4 | 1994-11-07 | ||
| DE4439669A DE4439669A1 (de) | 1994-11-07 | 1994-11-07 | Wäßriges Zweikomponenten-Polyurethan-Beschichtungsmittel, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung in Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Mehrschichtlackierung |
| PCT/EP1995/004234 WO1996014348A1 (de) | 1994-11-07 | 1995-10-28 | Wässriges zweikomponenten-polyurethan-beschichtungsmittel, verfahren zu seiner herstellung und seine verwendung in verfahren zur herstellung einer mehrschichtlackierung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH10508338A true JPH10508338A (ja) | 1998-08-18 |
| JP4159600B2 JP4159600B2 (ja) | 2008-10-01 |
Family
ID=6532641
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP51501796A Expired - Fee Related JP4159600B2 (ja) | 1994-11-07 | 1995-10-28 | 水性二成分−ポリウレタン−被覆剤、その製造及び多層塗膜の製造法 |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5876802A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0791025B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4159600B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR970707197A (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE211152T1 (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR9509621A (ja) |
| DE (2) | DE4439669A1 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES2169769T3 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1996014348A1 (ja) |
| ZA (1) | ZA959032B (ja) |
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| JP2009165980A (ja) * | 2008-01-17 | 2009-07-30 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 複層塗膜形成方法 |
| JP2011153312A (ja) * | 2002-08-16 | 2011-08-11 | Bayer Ag | 塗料組成物としての水性結合剤分散液 |
| JP2018178082A (ja) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-11-15 | 関西ペイント株式会社 | 多成分型の水性下塗塗料組成物及び塗装方法 |
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-
1994
- 1994-11-07 DE DE4439669A patent/DE4439669A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-10-25 ZA ZA959032A patent/ZA959032B/xx unknown
- 1995-10-28 JP JP51501796A patent/JP4159600B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-28 DE DE59509973T patent/DE59509973D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-28 US US08/836,869 patent/US5876802A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-28 WO PCT/EP1995/004234 patent/WO1996014348A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1995-10-28 EP EP95936564A patent/EP0791025B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-28 KR KR1019970703030A patent/KR970707197A/ko not_active Ceased
- 1995-10-28 AT AT95936564T patent/ATE211152T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-28 BR BR9509621A patent/BR9509621A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-28 ES ES95936564T patent/ES2169769T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011153312A (ja) * | 2002-08-16 | 2011-08-11 | Bayer Ag | 塗料組成物としての水性結合剤分散液 |
| JP2008511740A (ja) * | 2004-08-30 | 2008-04-17 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | アクリレートコポリマーに基づく水性塗料組成物 |
| JP2009165980A (ja) * | 2008-01-17 | 2009-07-30 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 複層塗膜形成方法 |
| JP2018178082A (ja) * | 2017-04-20 | 2018-11-15 | 関西ペイント株式会社 | 多成分型の水性下塗塗料組成物及び塗装方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4159600B2 (ja) | 2008-10-01 |
| EP0791025B1 (de) | 2001-12-19 |
| KR970707197A (ko) | 1997-12-01 |
| WO1996014348A1 (de) | 1996-05-17 |
| DE59509973D1 (de) | 2002-01-31 |
| ES2169769T3 (es) | 2002-07-16 |
| EP0791025A1 (de) | 1997-08-27 |
| ATE211152T1 (de) | 2002-01-15 |
| ZA959032B (en) | 1996-05-27 |
| BR9509621A (pt) | 1998-01-06 |
| DE4439669A1 (de) | 1996-05-09 |
| US5876802A (en) | 1999-03-02 |
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