JPH10512983A - コンピュータ・システムのための高帯域及び低ノイズを有する機械的入出力を提供する方法及び装置 - Google Patents
コンピュータ・システムのための高帯域及び低ノイズを有する機械的入出力を提供する方法及び装置Info
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- JPH10512983A JPH10512983A JP8522389A JP52238996A JPH10512983A JP H10512983 A JPH10512983 A JP H10512983A JP 8522389 A JP8522389 A JP 8522389A JP 52238996 A JP52238996 A JP 52238996A JP H10512983 A JPH10512983 A JP H10512983A
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Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.ユーザーによる操作が可能なオブジェクトの移動を電気システムに対してイ ンターフェースする装置であって、 複数の部材を含み、かつ2つの回動自由度を前記オブジェクトに対して2つの 回動軸の周囲において提供するジンバル・メカニズムと、 前記ジンバル・メカニズムに対して移動可能に取付けられ、かつ第3の直線軸 に沿って前記ジンバル・メカニズムに対して第3の自由度内で独立した移動が可 能な直線軸部材と、前記オブジェクトは直線軸部材に対して取付けられ、かつジ ンバル・メカニズムに対して前記第3の軸に沿った独立した移動が可能であり、 前記第3の軸は前記2つの回動軸の交点をほぼ貫通して延びていることと、 前記ジンバル・メカニズムの2つの部材の間に取付けられた第1の自由度のト ランスデューサと、 これにより、前記トランスデューサは電気機械的インターフェースをオブジェ クト及び電気システムの間に提供すること を含む装置。 2.前記ジンバル・メカニズムは5つの部材からなる閉ループ・リンケージを含 み、前記5つの部材はリンケージの少なくとも2つの他の部材に対して回動可能 に取付けられている請求項1に記載の装置。 3.前記5つの部材からなるリンケージは、 接地面に取付けられた接地部材と、 前記接地部材に対してそれぞれ取付けられた第1の延長部材及び第2の延長部 材と、 第1の中心部材及び第2の中心部材と、前記第1の中心部材は第1の延長部材 に取付けられた一端を有し、前記第2の中心部材は第2の延長部材に取付けられ た一端を有し、前記複数の中心部材は前記複数の延長部材に取付けられていない 他端において互いに連結されており、前記複数の中心部材の少なくとも1つは前 記直線軸部材に対して移動可能に取付けられていること を含む請求項2に記載の装置。 4.前記2つの回動軸は前記ジンバル装置の接地部材に対して1つの位置に固定 されており、前記第1の中心部材は第1の浮動軸の周囲を回動可能であり、前記 第2の中心部材は第2の浮動軸の周囲を回動可能であり、前記第1の浮動軸及び 第2の浮動軸はジンバル装置の接地部材に対して移動可能である請求項3に記載 の装置。 5.前記第1の延長部材、第1の中心部材及び第2の中心部材は前記第1の軸の 周囲を回動可能であり、前記第2の延長部材、第2の中心部材及び第1の中心部 材は第2の軸の周囲を回動可能である請求項3に記載の装置。 6.前記トランスデューサは電気システムが形成する電気信号に基づいて第1の 自由度に沿って力を作用させるアクチュエータを含み、前記トランスデューサは センサを含み、同センサは第1の自由度に沿ったオブジェクトの位置を検出し、 かつ同位置に対応する電気信号を電気システムに対して形成する請求項1に記載 の装置。 7.前記ジンバル・メカニズムの複数の部材のうちの2つの間に取付けられた第 2の自由度のトランスデューサと、 前記直線軸部材及びジンバル・メカニズムの間に取付けられた第3の自由度の トランスデューサと を含む請求項1に記載の装置。 8.前記直線軸部材は第4の自由度を第4の回動軸の周囲に提供し、前記第4の 回動軸は直線軸部材に対して平行に延びており、さらに直線軸部材及びオブジェ クトの間に取付けられた第4の自由度のトランスデューサを有する請求項7に記 載の装置。 9.第5の自由度に沿ってオブジェクトを回動すべく直線軸部材をオブジェクト に対して連結する浮動ジンバル・メカニズムを有する請求項8に記載の装置。 10.前記直線軸部材及び浮動ジンバル・メカニズムの間に取付けられた第5の 自由度のトランスデューサを含む請求項9に記載の装置。 11.前記オブジェクトに対して第6の自由度を提供すべく同オブジェクトは自 身の長手方向に延びる第6の軸の周囲で回動可能であり、さらにオブジェクト及 びジンバル・メカニズムの間に取付けられた第6の自由度のトランスデューサを 有する請求項10に記載の装置。 12.前記直線軸部材はスリーブを有し、オブジェクトはスリーブ内で回動可能 なシャフトを有する請求項7に記載の装置。 13.前記オブジェクトはスタイラスと、ユーザーが把持するために操作できる 手術器具の少なくとも一部と、ジョイスティックとのうちのいずれか1つを含む 請求項10に記載の装置。 14.前記手術器具の一部は皮下注射針の一部及び腹腔鏡手術ツールの一部のう ちの一方を含む請求項13に記載の装置。 15.ユーザーによる操作が可能なオブジェクトの移動を電気システムに対して インターフェースする装置であって、 ジンバル・メカニズムと、前記ジンバル・メカニズムは2つの回動自由度を同 ジンバル・メカニズムに取付けられたオブジェクトに対して2つの回動軸の周囲 において提供し、オブジェクトは前記2つの回動軸のほぼ交点においてジンバル ・メカニズムに対して取付けられていることと、 力を前記第1の自由度に沿って形成すべくジンバル・メカニズムに対して取付 けられたトランスデューサと、 前記アクチュエータ及びジンバル・メカニズムの間に取付けられたキャプスタ ン駆動メカニズムと、前記キャプスタン駆動メカニズムは可撓性部材によってプ ーリーに取付けられたキャプスタン・ドラムを含み、前記可撓性部材はトランス デューサが形成した力をジンバル・メカニズムに対して伝達し、かつユーザーが 加えた力をジンバル・メカニズムからトランスデューサに対して伝達することと 、 これにより、前記トランスデューサは電気機械的インターフェースをオブジェ クト及び電気システムの間に提供すること を含む装置。 16.前記2つの回動軸の交点においてジンバル・メカニズムに対して取付けら れた直線軸部材を有し、前記直線軸部材は第3の軸に沿って第3の自由度内でジ ンバル・メカニズムに対して独立した移動が可能であり、オブジェクトは直線軸 部材に対して取付けられ、かつ第3の軸に沿って移動可能である請求項15に記 載の装置。 17.前記ジンバル・メカニズムは5つの部材からなる閉ループ・リンケージを 含み、前記5つの部材はリンケージの少なくとも2つの他の部材に対して回動可 能に取付けられている請求項15に記載の装置。 18.前記2つの回動軸は互いに独立しており、これによりオブジェクトは2つ の回動軸の一方を移動させることなく他方の回動軸の周囲で移動し得る請求項1 7に記載の装置。 19.前記キャプスタン・ドラムはジンバル・メカニズムの接地部材に対して回 動可能に取付けられ、かつジンバル・メカニズムの別の部材に対して強固に取付 けられ、前記可撓性部材はケーブルであり、前記プーリーはトランスデューサに 対して強固に取付けられ、前記トランスデューサはプーリーを回動すべく動作可 能であり、これにより実質的なバックラッシュを形成することなく力をジンバル ・メカニズムに対して伝達する請求項15に記載の装置。 20.第2のトランスデューサと、同第2のトランスデューサ及びジンバル・メ カニズムの間に取付けられた第2のキャプスタン駆動メカニズムとを更に有し、 前記第2のキャプスタン駆動メカニズムは第2のアクチュエータが形成した力を 第2の自由度内においてジンバル・メカニズムに対して伝達するとともに、ユー ザーがジンバル・メカニズムに対して加えた力を前記トランスデューサに対して 伝達する請求項15に記載の装置。 21.力を第3の自由度のトランスデューサ及び直線軸部材の間で伝達するため の第3の軸キャプスタン駆動メカニズムを有する請求項16に記載の装置。 22.前記2つの自由度に沿ったオブジェクトの位置をそれぞれ検出し、かつ同 位置に対応する電気信号を電気システムに対して形成すべく前記装置に対して取 付けられた複数のセンサを含む請求項20に記載の装置。 23.前記オブジェクトは手術ツールの少なくとも一部、スタイラス及びジョイ スティックからなるグループのうちの1つを含む請求項22に記載の装置。 24.前記装置は第4の自由度、第5の自由度及び第6の自由度に沿ったオブジ ェクトの位置をそれぞれ検出する複数のセンサを含む請求項17に記載の装置。 25.オブジェクトの移動を電気システムに対してインターフェースする方法で あって、 起点を三次元空間内に形成する工程と、 前記起点に対して三次元空間内で移動可能なジンバル・メカニズムを提供する 工程と、これによりジンバル・メカニズムに取付けられたオブジェクトは第1の 自由度及び第2の自由度を有することと、 前記オブジェクトをジンバル・メカニズムに対して第3の自由度内で独立して 移動させるべく同オブジェクトをジンバル・メカニズムに対して取付ける移動可 能な部材を提供する工程と、 第1のトランスデューサ、第2のトランスデューサ及び第3のトランスデュー サをそれぞれ使用することにより、前記3つの自由度に対する電気信号をそれぞ れ変換する工程と、前記複数のトランスデューサのうちの2つは互いに分離され ていることと、 前記電気信号を電気システムに対して提供し、かつ同電気システムから提供す る工程と を含む方法。 26.前記ジンバル・メカニズムは5つの部材からなる閉ループ・リンケージで あり、前記5つの部材はリンケージの少なくとも2つの他の部材に対して回動可 能に取付けられている請求項25に記載の方法。 27.前記3つの自由度に対して電気信号をそれぞれ変換する工程は前記ディジ タル処理システムからの出力信号をオブジェクトの移動に変換する工程を含む請 求項26に記載の方法。 28.第4のトランスデューサを使用することにより、オブジェクトの第4の自 由度に対する電気信号を変換する工程を更に含み、前記第4の自由度はオブジェ クト及び前記移動可能な部材を同移動可能な部材の横軸の周囲で回動することに より提供される請求項27に記載の方法。 29.第5のトランスデューサ及び第6のトランスデューサを使用することによ り、オブジェクトの第5の自由度及び第6の自由度に対する電気信号をそれぞれ 変換する工程を含む請求項28に記載の方法。 30.力を複数のトランスデューサのうちの1つに含まれるアクチュエータから ジンバル・メカニズムに対してキャプスタン駆動メカニズムを用いて伝達する工 程を含み、前記キャプスタン駆動メカニズムは前記力を伝達するためのケーブル 及びプーリーを有する請求項28に記載の方法。 31.前記ジンバル・メカニズムは接地している請求項25に記載の装置。 32.ユーザーによる操作が可能なオブジェクトの移動を電気システムに対して インターフェースする装置であって、 5つの部材からなる閉ループ・リンケージを含むジンバル・メカニズムと、前 記5つの部材はリンケージの少なくとも2つの他の部材に対して回動可能にそれ ぞれ取付けられていることと、 前記ジンバル・メカニズムに対して取付けられたユーザーによる操作が可能な オブジェクトと、前記ジンバル・メカニズムは2つの回動自由度をオブジェクト に対して2つの回動軸の周囲において提供し、前記オブジェクトは前記2つの回 動軸のほぼ交点においてジンバル・メカニズムに対して取付けられ、かつ第3の 軸の周囲をジンバル・メカニズムに対して第3の自由度内で独立して回動可能で あり、前記第3の軸は前記2つの回動軸の交点をほぼ貫通して延びていることと 、 第1の自由度のトランスデューサ及び第2の自由度のトランスデューサと、前 記各トランスデューサはジンバル・メカニズムの接地部材及びジンバル・メカニ ズムの別の部材の間に取付けられていることと、 これにより、前記トランスデューサは電気機械的インターフェースをオブジェ クト及び電気システムの間に提供すること を含む装置。 33.前記トランスデューサは力を前記複数の回動自由度のうちの1つの周囲に おいてオブジェクトに対して伝達するアクチュエータを含む請求項32に記載の 装置。 34.前記オブジェクトはジョイスティック・ハンドルの少なくとも一部である 請求項32に記載の装置。 35.前記5つの部材はそれぞれ2つの端を有し、さらに同5つの部材は前記各 端において5つの部材のうちの別の1つに対して回動可能にそれぞれ取付けられ ている請求項32に記載の装置。 36.前記5つの部材からなるリンケージは、 接地部材と、 前記接地部材に対してそれぞれ取付けられた第1の延長部材及び第2の延長部 材と、 第1の中心部材及び第2の中心部材と、前記第1の中心部材は第1の延長部材 に対して回動可能に取付けられた一端を有し、前記第2の中心部材は第2の延長 部材に対して回動可能に取付けられた一端を有し、前記複数の中心部材は前記複 数の延長部材に取付けられていない他端において互いに連結されており、前記複 数の中心部材の少なくとも1つはオブジェクトに対して取付けられていることを 含む請求項32に記載の装置。 37.前記2つの回動軸は接地部材に対して固定されており、前記第1の延長部 材及び第2の延長部材は前記固定された複数の回動軸の周囲でそれぞれ回動可能 であり、前記複数の中心部材は第1の浮動軸及び第2の浮動軸の周囲でそれぞれ 回動可能であり、前記複数の浮動軸は接地部材に対して移動可能である請求項3 6に記載の装置。 38.前記ジンバル・メカニズムに対して回動可能に取付けられた直線軸部材を 有し、前記オブジェクトは直線軸部材に対して取付けられ、これによりオブジェ クト及び直線軸部材は第3の軸の周囲においてジンバル・メカニズムに対して回 動可能である請求項32に記載の装置。 39.ユーザーによる操作が可能なオブジェクトの移動をホスト・コンピュータ ・システムに対してインターフェースするインターフェース装置であって、前記 ホスト・コンピュータ・システムが仮想画像をスクリーン上に表示する装置にお いて、 ユーザー・オブジェクトと、前記ユーザー・オブジェクトはユーザーが自由度 内で移動させ得るとともに、同ユーザーが物理的に接触することと、 前記ユーザー・オブジェクトに対して取付けられ、かつ2つの回動自由度をユ ーザー・オブジェクトに対して2つの回動軸の周囲において提供するジンバル・ メカニズムと、前記ジンバル・メカニズムは複数の部材からなる閉ループ・リン ケージを含むことと、 ホスト・コンピュータ・システムからホスト・コマンドを受信することにより 、通信インターフェースを通じてホスト・コンピュータ・システムと通信すべ くホスト・コンピュータ・システムから独立したプロセッサと、前記プロセッサ はソフトウェアの命令によって制御されることと、 前記プロセッサからのプロセッサ・コマンドに基づいて力を自由度に沿ってユ ーザー・オブジェクトに対して加えるべくプロセッサに対して電気的に接続され たアクチュエータと、前記プロセッサ・コマンドはホスト・コマンドから得られ ることと、 前記自由度に沿ったオブジェクトの位置を検出し、かつ前記入力信号をホスト ・コンピュータ・システムに対して出力するセンサと、前記入力信号はユーザー ・オブジェクトの位置を表す情報を有すること を含む装置。 40.前記閉ループ・リンケージは5つの部材を有し、前記閉ループ・リンケー ジの5つの部材は同リンケージの少なくとも2つの他の部材に対して回動可能に それぞれ取付けられていることを含む請求項39に記載のインターフェース装置 。 41.前記ジンバル・メカニズムに対して取付けられ、かつ第3の軸の周囲にお いてジンバル・メカニズムに対して第3の自由度内で独立して回動し得る直線軸 部材を有し、前記第3の軸は前記2つの回動軸の交点をほぼ貫通して延び、オブ ジェクトは直線軸部材に対して取付けられ、かつ第3の軸の周囲においてジンバ ル・メカニズムに対して独立して回動し得る請求項40に記載のインターフェー ス装置。 42.前記センサはプロセッサに対して電気的に接続され、センサは前記入力信 号をプロセッサに対して出力し、プロセッサは前記入力信号をホスト・コンピュ ータ・システムに対して送信する請求項39に記載のインターフェース装置。 43.前記通信インターフェースはシリアル・インターフェースを含む請求項4 2に記載のインターフェース装置。 44.前記オブジェクトはジョイスティック・ハンドルである請求項40に記載 のインターフェース装置。 45.前記アクチュエータは接地部材に対して取付けられており、さらにジンバ ル・メカニズムの接地部材に対して取り付けられた別のアクチュエータを有し、 前記別のアクチュエータはプロセッサから受信した信号に基づいて力を自由度に 沿ってユーザー・オブジェクトに対して加えるべく動作可能である請求項40に 記載のインターフェース装置。 46.オブジェクトの移動を電気システムに対してインターフェースする装置で あって、 自由度に沿ったオブジェクトの移動を検出するセンサと、前記センサは検出分 解能を有するとともに、電気システムに対する電気センサ信号を形成すべく動作 可能であることと、 オブジェクトに取付けられたアクチュエータ・アセンブリと、前記アクチュエ ータ・アセンブリは、 力を前記自由度に沿ってオブジェクトに対して伝達するアクチュエータと、 前記アクチュエータは電気システムから供給された電気アクチュエータ信号に応 答することと、 所望の量の遊びを前記自由度に沿ってアクチュエータ及びオブジェクトの間 に提供すべく、アクチュエータ及びオブジェクト間に取付けられた遊びメカニズ ムと、前記所望の量の遊びは前記検出分解能以上の大きさであること を含み、 これにより、前記アクチュエータ及びセンサは電気機械的インターフェースを オブジェクト及び電気システムの間に提供すること を含む装置。 47.前記アクチュエータは受動アクチュエータを含み、前記オブジェクトに伝 達された力はオブジェクトの移動に抵抗すべくオブジェクトに伝達された抗力を 含む請求項46に記載の装置。 48.前記検出分解能より小さい量の遊びがセンサ及びオブジェクトの間に存在 する請求項47に記載の装置。 49.前記センサ及びオブジェクトの間の遊びは前記検出分解能より少なくとも 一桁小さい請求項48に記載の装置。 50.前記センサは前記メカニズムに対して強固に取付けられている請求項49 に記載の装置。 51.前記受動アクチュエータは磁気粒子ブレーキを含む請求項50に記載の装 置。 52.前記遊びはロータリー・バックラッシュを含む請求項50に記載の装置。 53.前記ロータリー・バックラッシュはカップリングによって提供され、前記 カップリングはオブジェクトに対して取付けられるとともに、キー付きボアを有 し、前記キー付きボアは同キー付きボア内に収容するキー付きシャフトより小さ く、前記キー付きシャフトはアクチュエータに対して取付けられている請求項5 2に記載の装置。 54.前記遊びは捻り撓みを含む請求項50に記載の装置。 55.オブジェクト及びアクチュエータ・アセンブリの間に取付けられたジンバ ル・メカニズムを含む請求項49に記載の装置。 56.オブジェクト及びアクチュエータ・アセンブリの間と、オブジェクト及び センサの間とに取付けられた溝付きヨーク・メカニズムを含む請求項49に記載 の装置。 57.オブジェクトの移動を電気システムに対してインターフェースする装置で あって、 ジンバル・メカニズムと、前記ジンバル・メカニズムは第1の回動自由度を同 ジンバル・メカニズムに取付けられたオブジェクトに対して第1の回動軸の周囲 において提供することと、 電気システムに対して電気的に接続され、かつジンバル・メカニズムに対して 機械的に強固に取付けられたセンサと、前記センサは前記第1の自由度に沿った オブジェクトの位置を検出するとともに、検出分解能を有することと、 第1の自由度に沿って抗力を形成すべく、電気システムに対して電気的に接続 され、かつジンバル・メカニズムに対して機械的に強固に取付けられたブレーキ ・メカニズムと、前記ブレーキ・メカニズムは所望の量の遊びを前記自由度に沿 ってアクチュエータ及びオブジェクトの間に提供し、前記所望の量の遊びは前記 検出分解能以上の大きさであることと、 これにより、前記ブレーキ・メカニズム及びセンサは電気機械的インターフェ ースをオブジェクト及び電気システムの間に提供すること を含む装置。 58.前記ジンバル・メカニズムは第2の自由度をオブジェクトに対して第2の 回動軸の周囲において提供し、さらに第2の自由度に沿ったオブジェクトの位置 を検出するセンサと、第2の自由度に沿って抗力を形成するブレーキ・メカニズ ムとを有する請求項57に記載の装置。 59.前記ブレーキ・メカニズム及びジンバル・メカニズムの間に取付けられた キャプスタン駆動メカニズムを有し、前記キャプスタン駆動メカニズムはブレー キ・メカニズムが形成した抗力をジンバル・メカニズムに対して伝達し、かつオ ブジェクトの移動をセンサに対して伝達する請求項58に記載の装置。 60.前記ブレーキ・メカニズムはアクチュエータ及びカップリングを有し、前 記カップリングは所望の量の遊びを提供する請求項59に記載の装置。 61.ジンバル・メカニズム及びオブジェクトの間に取付けられた第3の自由度 のトランスデューサを有し、前記第3の自由度のトランスデューサは第3の自由 度に沿って抗力を形成し、かつ第3の自由度におけるオブジェクトの移動を検出 する請求項57に記載の装置。 62.前記ジンバル・メカニズムは5つの部材からなる閉ループ・リンケージを 有する請求項60に記載の装置。 63.前記電気システムは仮想画像を表示するためのディスプレイ・スクリーン を備えたホスト・コンピュータ・システムを含む請求項58に記載の装置。 64.前記オブジェクトは手術ツールの少なくとも一部、スタイラス及びジョイ スティックからなるグループのうちの1つを含む請求項62に記載の装置。 65.前記ブレーキ・メカニズムは磁気粒子ブレーキを含む請求項63に記載の 装置。 66.前記装置は第4の自由度、第5の自由度及び第6の自由度に沿ったオブジ ェクトの位置を検出するセンサを有し、前記第4の自由度は直線軸部材の移動軸 の周囲における回動であり、前記第5の自由度は直線軸部材の一端の周囲におけ るオブジェクトの回動として提供され、前記第6の自由度はオブジェクトの長手 方向の軸の周囲における回動として提供されている請求項61に記載の装置。 67.オブジェクトの移動を電気システムに対してインターフェースする方法で あって、 起点を三次元空間内に形成する工程と、 前記起点に対して三次元空間内で移動可能なジンバル・メカニズムを提供する 工程と、これによりジンバル・メカニズムに対して取付けられたオブジェクトは 少なくとも1つの自由度を有することと、 センサを用いて前記自由度に沿ったオブジェクトの位置を検出し、かつ同検出 に基づいて電気センサ信号を形成する工程と、前記センサの検出分解能より小さ い遊びがセンサ及びオブジェクトの間において許容されることと、 抗力を電気抗力信号に基づいて前記自由度に沿ってブレーキから形成する工程 と、前記力が前記自由度に沿って形成される前に、所望の量の遊びをブレーキ及 びオブジェクトの間に許容し、前記所望の量の遊びがセンサの検出分解能以上の 大きさであること を含む方法。 68.前記遊びはロータリー・バックラッシュ及び捻り撓みからなるグループの うちの1つからなる請求項67に記載の方法。 69.オブジェクトを第3の自由度内で移動させるべく移動可能な部材を提供す る工程を含む請求項68に記載の方法。 70.前記抗力を形成する工程は磁気粒子ブレーキを作動させる工程を含む請求 項67に記載の方法。 71.ユーザーが操作する電気機械的インターフェース装置を制御するシステム であって、 入力制御信号を受信し、かつ出力制御信号を出力するディジタル・コンピュー タ・システムと、前記ディジタル・コンピュータ・システムは前記入力制御信号 に基づいてプロセスを更新することと、 受動アクチュエータと、前記受動アクチュエータは前記出力制御信号を受信し 、かつ抵抗力を前記受動アクチュエータに取付けられたオブジェクトに対して自 由度に沿って提供し、前記抵抗力は前記出力制御信号内の情報に基づくとともに 、ユーザーが前記自由度に沿ってオブジェクトに対して加えた力に抵抗すること と、 オブジェクトの移動を検出し、かつオブジェクトの位置及び移動を表す情報を 含む前記入力制御信号をディジタル・コンピュータ・システムに対して出力する センサと を含むシステム。 72.前記ディジタル・コンピュータ・システムによって更新されるプロセスは シュミレーション・ソフトウェアを含み、前記ディジタル・コンピュータはシュ ミレーションの光景をユーザーに対して表示し、前記ユーザーはオブジェクトを 操作することにより前記シュミレーションと相互作用可能である請求項71に記 載のシステム。 73.前記受動アクチュエータは磁気粒子ブレーキを含む請求項71に記載のシ ステム。 74.所望の量の遊びをアクチュエータ及びオブジェクトの間に提供するための 遊びメカニズムを有し、前記所望の量の遊びはセンサの検出分可能より大きい請 求項72に記載のシステム。 75.前記オブジェクトはユーザーが把持し、かつ移動させる請求項74に記載 のシステム。 76.コンピュータ・システムからの前記出力制御信号を出力し、かつコンピュ ータ・システムへの入力制御信号を受信するシリアル・インターフェースを有す る請求項71に記載のシステム。 77.前記シリアル・インターフェースからの出力制御信号をディジタル−アナ ログ変換器に対して提供するとともに、前記入力制御信号をセンサから受信すべ く前記ディジタル・コンピュータ・システムから独立したマイクロプロセッサを 有する請求項76に記載のシステム。 78.インターフェース装置を制御する方法であって、 (a)インターフェース装置に取付けられたオブジェクトの現在位置を検出す る工程と、 (b)前記オブジェクトの現在位置及びオブジェクトの直前の位置の間の差を 決定する工程と、 (c)オブジェクトに加える抵抗力の大きさを決定する工程と、前記大きさは 前記現在位置及び直前の位置の間の差に少なくとも部分的に基づくことと、 (d)前記の決定された大きさを有する抵抗力をオブジェクトに対して伝達す べく受動アクチュエータに対して制御信号を提供する工程と を含む方法。 79.前記オブジェクトの現在位置を検出する工程はオブジェクトが受動アクチ ュエータによって位置を固定された際にオブジェクトの現在位置を検出する工程 を含む請求項78に記載の方法。 80.前記抵抗力の大きさを決定すべく前記差を乗じる減衰定数を決定する工程 を含む請求項79に記載の方法。
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| US08/400,233 US5767839A (en) | 1995-01-18 | 1995-03-03 | Method and apparatus for providing passive force feedback to human-computer interface systems |
| PCT/US1996/000701 WO1996022591A1 (en) | 1995-01-18 | 1996-01-17 | Method and apparatus for providing high bandwidth, low noise mechanical i/o for computer systems |
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| JP2000197774A (ja) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-07-18 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | ゲ―ム機用コントロ―ラ |
| JP2005100151A (ja) * | 2003-09-25 | 2005-04-14 | Denso Corp | 表示操作システム |
| JP2009524498A (ja) * | 2006-01-25 | 2009-07-02 | インテュイティブ サージカル インコーポレイテッド | 内視鏡カメラのための5棒球面リンク機構を備えるセンターロボットアーム |
| JP2012210439A (ja) * | 2006-01-25 | 2012-11-01 | Intuitive Surgical Inc | 内視鏡カメラのための5棒球面リンク機構を備えるセンターロボットアーム |
| JP2014004682A (ja) * | 2006-01-25 | 2014-01-16 | Intuitive Surgical Inc | 5バーリンク球面機構を有するロボットアーム |
| US9907458B2 (en) | 2006-01-25 | 2018-03-06 | Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. | Center robotic arm with five-bar spherical linkage for endoscopic camera |
| US10433923B2 (en) | 2006-01-25 | 2019-10-08 | Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. | Robotic arm with five-bar spherical linkage |
| US10779711B2 (en) | 2006-01-25 | 2020-09-22 | Intuitive Surgical Operations, Inc. | Center robotic arm with five-bar spherical linkage for endoscopic camera |
| JP2009540399A (ja) * | 2006-06-02 | 2009-11-19 | イマージョン コーポレーション | 混成ハプティック機器 |
| JP2009274200A (ja) * | 2008-05-19 | 2009-11-26 | Nagoya Institute Of Technology | 一点の回転中心を有する力覚提示マニピュレータ |
| JP2024508629A (ja) * | 2021-02-08 | 2024-02-28 | ラパロ スポルカ ジー オグラニクゾナ オドパウイエドジアルノシア | 低侵襲手術器具用二軸コントローラ、低侵襲手術訓練用カメラ、及び、低侵襲手術訓練用システム |
| JP2024530088A (ja) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-08-16 | エーエーシー アコースティック テクノロジーズ (シャンハイ) カンパニー リミテッド | フォースフィードバック装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0804786A1 (en) | 1997-11-05 |
| US20050162383A1 (en) | 2005-07-28 |
| DE69632028D1 (de) | 2004-05-06 |
| EP0804786B1 (en) | 2004-03-31 |
| JP3847782B2 (ja) | 2006-11-22 |
| AU5167896A (en) | 1996-08-07 |
| US5731804A (en) | 1998-03-24 |
| JP2006286016A (ja) | 2006-10-19 |
| DE69632028T2 (de) | 2004-12-09 |
| US7023423B2 (en) | 2006-04-04 |
| JP4394664B2 (ja) | 2010-01-06 |
| EP0804786A4 (en) | 1998-04-01 |
| CA2210725A1 (en) | 1996-07-25 |
| US20020018046A1 (en) | 2002-02-14 |
| US6154198A (en) | 2000-11-28 |
| US7460104B2 (en) | 2008-12-02 |
| WO1996022591A1 (en) | 1996-07-25 |
| CA2210725C (en) | 2001-05-08 |
| US6246390B1 (en) | 2001-06-12 |
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