JPH11510311A - 直接型メタノール供給式燃料電池およびそのシステム - Google Patents
直接型メタノール供給式燃料電池およびそのシステムInfo
- Publication number
- JPH11510311A JPH11510311A JP9521493A JP52149397A JPH11510311A JP H11510311 A JPH11510311 A JP H11510311A JP 9521493 A JP9521493 A JP 9521493A JP 52149397 A JP52149397 A JP 52149397A JP H11510311 A JPH11510311 A JP H11510311A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- fuel
- platinum
- electrode
- ruthenium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inert Electrodes (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.バッキングと、 白金とルテニウムが均一に混合されかつランダムに間隔を空けられていて白金 とルテニウムの別個の部位を有する白金ルテニウム二金属性粉末を含む触媒材料 と を備えてなる電気化学反応を行うタイプの燃料電池要素。 2.請求項1に記載の燃料電池要素において、 前記触媒材料が、走査電子顕微鏡で全て灰色に見える程度に十分に均質である ことを特徴とするもの。 3.白金、ルテニウム、及び白金とルテニウムの間の分離を維持する別の材料の 溶液を形成する工程と、 前記溶液を混合する工程と、 前記溶液を加熱する工程を少なくとも含む前記溶液を処理する工程と、 前記処理工程の後に、前記別の材料を除去するやり方でその溶液をさらに操作 する工程と を含んでなる燃料電池要素用の材料の形成方法。 4.請求項3に記載の方法において、 前記別の材料が塩化物を含み、 前記追加の操作工程がその材料を洗浄する工程を含む ことを特徴とする方法。 5.請求項4に記載の方法において、 前記溶液を形成する工程が、塩酸溶液中で白金塩及びルテニウム塩のスラリー を形成する工程を含み、前記スラリーはクロロ白金酸ヘキサ水和物塩及びルテニ ウム塩K2RuCl5・H2Oを含んでおり、 さらに前記溶液を形成する工程が、均質な混合物を得るためにそのスラリーを 撹拌する工程を含む ことを特徴とする方法。 6.請求項3に記載の方法において、 前記溶液を形成する工程が、さらに所定のpHを維持しつつ炭酸ナトリウムを 添加する工程を含む ことを特徴とする方法。 7.請求項3に記載の方法であって、 さらに、少なくともある量のルテニウムをルテニウムに似た特性を持つ材料と 置換する工程を含む ことを特徴とする方法。 8.請求項7に記載の方法において、 ルテニウムに似た特性を持つ前記材料が、イリジウム、チタン、オスミウム、 クロム、及び/又はマンガンのうちの一つである ことを特徴とする方法。 9.請求項3に記載の方法であって、 さらに、少なくともある量の白金を白金に似た特性を持つ材料と置換する工程 を含む ことを特徴とする方法。 10.請求項9に記載の方法において、 白金に似た特性を持つ前記材料が、パラジウム、タングステン、ロジウム、鉄 、コバルト、及び/又はニッケルのうちの少なくとも一つである ことを特徴とする方法。 11.バッキングと、 白金及びルテニウムに似た特性を持つ材料を含む触媒材料と を備えてなる電気化学反応を行うタイプの燃料電池要素。 12.請求項11に記載の燃料電池要素において、 ルテニウムに似た特性を持つ前記材料が、イリジウム、チタン、オスミウム、 クロム、及び/又はマンガンのうちの一つである ことを特徴とするもの。 13.バッキングと、 白金に似た特性を持つ材料を含む触媒性材料と を備えてなる電気化学反応を行うタイプの燃料電池要素。 14.請求項13に記載の燃料電池要素において、 白金に似た特性を持つ前記材料が、パラジウム、タングステン、ロジウム、鉄 、コバルト、及び/又はニッケルのうちの少なくとも 一つである ことを特徴とするもの。 15.内部に埋め込まれたテフロン粒子を有するバッキング材料と、 前記バッキング材料に被覆した触媒材料と を備えてなる燃料電池用電極。 16.請求項15に記載の燃焼電池用電極において、 前記テフロン粒子が、前記バッキング材料に撥水性を付与しつつ、触媒性材料 がそこを通ってしみ出ることを阻止する効果のある量で添加されている ことを特徴とするもの。 17.請求項16に記載の燃料電池用電極において、 前記テフロン粒子が、バッキング材料に対し所定の重量パーセントで含まれる ことを特徴とするもの。 18.バッキング材料を得る工程と、 防水剤が前記バッキング材料にしみ込む量を制限しつつそのバッキング材料を 防水剤で処理する工程とを含んでなり、 前記制限が材料に湿潤性は付与するが多孔性にはしないことに効果のある程度 の量で前記材料を処理することを特徴とする 燃料電池用電極の形成方法。 19.請求項18に記載の方法において、 前記バッキング材料がカーボンペーパーであり、また前記防水剤溶液がテフロ ンである ことを特徴とする方法。 20.請求項19に記載の方法において、 前記処理工程が、 テフロン溶液を形成する工程と、 カーボンペーパーの表面と最小限にしか接触させないでそのテフロン溶液に 前記カーボンペーパーを浸漬する工程とを含む ことを特徴とする方法。 21.請求項20に記載の方法において、 前記浸漬する工程が、テフロン被覆したピンセットで前記カーボンペーパーを 保持する工程を含む ことを特徴とする方法。 22.請求項19に記載の方法であって、 さらに、前記処理したカーボンペーパーのバッキングを乾燥する工程を含む ことを特徴とする方法。 23.請求項18に記載の方法であって、 前記乾燥工程が、前記バッキング材料を支持体を跨いで配置する工程を含む ことを特徴とする方法。 24.請求項23に記載の方法において、 前記支持体が、途中にキンクを設けたテフロン被覆のワイヤーである ことを特徴とする方法。 25.請求項22に記載の方法であって、 さらに、前記乾燥したペーパーを評量する工程と、 乾燥したペーパーの元の重さに比較してそのペーパーの重さが増加した量から 十分な量のテフロンが添加されているかどうかを決定する工程を含む ことを特徴とする方法。 26.触媒材料を入手する工程と、 前記触媒材料をイオノマー及び撥水性材料と混合して混合触媒材料を形成する 工程と、 前記混合材料を電極のバッキング材料に付ける工程と を含んでなる燃料電池を形成する方法。 27.請求項26に記載の方法において、 前記混合する工程が、まず触媒材料を撥水性材料と混合する工程と、次いでイ オノマーを添加する工程とを含む ことを特徴とする方法。 28.請求項27に記載の方法において、 前記撥水性材料がテフロンであり、そして 前記イオノマーが液状ナフィオンである ことを特徴とする方法。 29.バッキングに第1触媒材料と第2材料の混合物をスパッタすることによっ て、前記第1材料と前記第2材料の合わさったスパッタ形成材料を形成する工程 と、 前記第1材料を除去しない洗浄剤を用いて前記第2材料を洗浄除去することに よって、その間に孔が形成された第1材料を残す工程と を含んでなる燃料電池用の多孔性電極を形成する方法。 30.請求項29に記載の方法において、 前記第2材料がアルミニウム材料であり、 前記洗浄工程がKOHを用いて前記アルミニウム材料を除去するものである ことを特徴とする方法。 31.請求項30に記載の方法において、 前記第1材料が白金含有材料である ことを特徴とする方法。 32.表面に燃料電池用触媒材料を有するアノード電極と、 プロトン伝導性の固体電解質部材と、 適当な燃料電池用触媒を有するカソード電極を備えてなり、 それらの全部がその順で互いにプレス接合されて、前記電解質部材が前記アノ ードとカソード電極の間に存在する 膜電極アセンブリ。 33.請求項32に記載の膜電極アセンブリにおいて、 前記アノード、電解質及びカソードが全て湿潤性の材料である ことを特徴とするもの。 34.表面に適当な燃料電池用触媒を有するアノード電極と、プロトン伝導性の 固体電解質部材と、表面に適当な燃料電池用触媒を有するカソード電極とを備え たスタックを形成する工程と、 これらの材料を結合して結合膜状電極アセンブリを形成するのにに効果的であ る程度に前記スタックを加熱しプレスする工程と を含んでなる膜電極アセンブリの形成方法。 35.請求項34に記載の方法において、 前記加熱しプレスする工程が、 まずプレス機械の部材間で前記スタックをプレスする第1プレス工程と、 次いで、前記第1プレス工程後からある時間後に、そのプレス工程によりス タックにかかった圧力を維持しながらそのスタックを加熱する工程と、 次いで、加圧下での前記加熱工程からある時間後に、圧力を維持しながらそ のスタックを冷却する工程を含んでなる ことを特徴とするも方法。 36.請求項35に記載の方法において、 前記第1のプレス工程が1000〜1500psiの間でその材料を加圧する 工程を含み、また 前記加熱工程が140〜150℃に温度を上昇させる工程を含む ことを特徴とする方法。 37.少なくともアノード及びカソード電極と、 燃料供給管と、 燃料を前記燃料供給管から前記アノード及びカソード電極の少なくとも一方に 供給するように作動するフローフィールドエレメントとを備えてなり、 前記フローフィールドエレメントは、前記一方の電極に対して押しつけられて おり、そして複数のアイランド領域を有しており、各アイランド領域には上面と 側面を有する加圧表面があり、その加圧表面は前記一方の電極に対して押しつけ られており、前記フローフィールド領域は前記側面を取り囲んでおり、そして前 記フローフィールド領域は前記燃料供給管と連通しており、 前記燃料供給管は、ある方向に延びるフローフィールドに開口する少なくとも 一つの開口部を有し、前記方向にフローフィールドに燃料を供給し、前記方向は 側面の一つに燃料を直接供給するものである ことを特徴とする燃料電池。 38.請求項37に記載の燃料電池において、 前記アイランド領域は、長方形で、その長軸が前記方向に平行であり、そして 前記燃料は、前記方向に垂直に延びる前記側面の一つに供給される ことを特徴とするもの。 39.請求項38に記載の燃料電池において、 前記燃料供給管は、複数のノズルを備えており、全部が前記方向に延びていて 、そして全部が前記側面の一つに対して燃料を供給する ことを特徴とするもの。 40.電極に対してフローフィールドエレメントを押しつける工程と、 前記フローフィールドを前記燃料供給管に連通する工程とを含んでなり、 前記フローフィールドエレメントは、複数のアイランド領域を備えており、そ のそれぞれには上面と側面を有する加圧表面があり、その加圧表面上面は前記一 つの電極に押しつけられ、前記フローフィールド領域が前記側面を取り囲んでお り、 前記フローフィールドと前記燃料供給管との連通により、前記フローフィール ドエレメントの一つの前記側面に燃料を供給することを特徴とする 加圧されることを必要とするタイプの電極に燃料を供給する方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/569,452 US5773162A (en) | 1993-10-12 | 1995-12-08 | Direct methanol feed fuel cell and system |
| US08/569,452 | 1995-12-08 | ||
| PCT/US1996/019731 WO1997021256A1 (en) | 1995-12-08 | 1996-12-09 | Direct methanol feed fuel cell and system |
Related Child Applications (5)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| JP2001255277A Division JP3914726B2 (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2001-08-24 | 直接供給式メタノール燃料電池用電極の形成方法 |
| JP2001255288A Division JP3914727B2 (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2001-08-24 | 直接供給式メタノール燃料電池 |
| JP2001255281A Division JP3748796B2 (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2001-08-24 | メタノール燃料電池用多孔性電極の形成方法 |
| JP2001255274A Division JP2002110177A (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2001-08-24 | メタノール燃料電池用電極の形成方法 |
| JP2001255284A Division JP2002110197A (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2001-08-24 | メタノール燃料電池用膜電極アセンブリの形成方法 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11510311A true JPH11510311A (ja) | 1999-09-07 |
| JP3487308B2 JP3487308B2 (ja) | 2004-01-19 |
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| JP52149397A Expired - Fee Related JP3487308B2 (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 1996-12-09 | 直接供給式メタノール燃料電池用の材料の形成方法 |
| JP2001255277A Expired - Fee Related JP3914726B2 (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2001-08-24 | 直接供給式メタノール燃料電池用電極の形成方法 |
| JP2001255284A Pending JP2002110197A (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2001-08-24 | メタノール燃料電池用膜電極アセンブリの形成方法 |
| JP2001255281A Expired - Fee Related JP3748796B2 (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2001-08-24 | メタノール燃料電池用多孔性電極の形成方法 |
| JP2001255288A Expired - Fee Related JP3914727B2 (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2001-08-24 | 直接供給式メタノール燃料電池 |
| JP2001255274A Pending JP2002110177A (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2001-08-24 | メタノール燃料電池用電極の形成方法 |
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| JP2001255277A Expired - Fee Related JP3914726B2 (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2001-08-24 | 直接供給式メタノール燃料電池用電極の形成方法 |
| JP2001255284A Pending JP2002110197A (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2001-08-24 | メタノール燃料電池用膜電極アセンブリの形成方法 |
| JP2001255281A Expired - Fee Related JP3748796B2 (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2001-08-24 | メタノール燃料電池用多孔性電極の形成方法 |
| JP2001255288A Expired - Fee Related JP3914727B2 (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2001-08-24 | 直接供給式メタノール燃料電池 |
| JP2001255274A Pending JP2002110177A (ja) | 1995-12-08 | 2001-08-24 | メタノール燃料電池用電極の形成方法 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (7) | US5773162A (ja) |
| EP (7) | EP1548864A1 (ja) |
| JP (6) | JP3487308B2 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU721401B2 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2240019C (ja) |
| DE (2) | DE69637289D1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO1997021256A1 (ja) |
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| US5415888A (en) * | 1993-04-26 | 1995-05-16 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method of imprinting catalytically active particles on membrane |
| IT1270878B (it) * | 1993-04-30 | 1997-05-13 | Permelec Spa Nora | Migliorata cella elettrochimica utilizzante membrane a scambio ionico e piatti bipolari metallici |
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| US5335628A (en) * | 1993-09-03 | 1994-08-09 | Aqua-Chem, Inc. | Integrated boiler/fuel cell system |
| DE4339568A1 (de) * | 1993-11-19 | 1995-05-24 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Verfahren zur Ermittlung des Ladezustandes einer Batterie, insbesondere einer Fahrzeug-Starterbatterie |
| BE1008455A3 (nl) * | 1994-06-07 | 1996-05-07 | Vito | Gasdiffusie elektrode met katalysator voor een elektrochemische cel met vast elektrolyt en werkwijze ter vervaardiging van dergelijke elektrode. |
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| US5603830A (en) * | 1995-05-24 | 1997-02-18 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Caffeine adsorbent liquid filter with integrated adsorbent |
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- 1995-12-08 US US08/569,452 patent/US5773162A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1996-12-09 WO PCT/US1996/019731 patent/WO1997021256A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-12-09 EP EP04024652A patent/EP1548864A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-12-09 EP EP96945597A patent/EP0876685B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-09 AU AU16849/97A patent/AU721401B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-12-09 DE DE69637289T patent/DE69637289D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-09 EP EP04024649A patent/EP1524713A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-12-09 EP EP04024648A patent/EP1524715B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-09 DE DE69637923T patent/DE69637923D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-12-09 EP EP04024650A patent/EP1526596A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-12-09 EP EP04024651A patent/EP1548865A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-12-09 CA CA002240019A patent/CA2240019C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-12-09 EP EP04024647A patent/EP1524714A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-12-09 JP JP52149397A patent/JP3487308B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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1998
- 1998-01-14 US US09/006,846 patent/US6146781A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1999
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2001
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| JPH11339815A (ja) * | 1998-05-29 | 1999-12-10 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 固体高分子電解質型燃料電池およびその製造方法 |
| JP2000052749A (ja) * | 1998-08-05 | 2000-02-22 | Mazda Motor Corp | 電気自動車用空調装置 |
| KR100417274B1 (ko) * | 1999-12-08 | 2004-02-05 | 링컨 글로벌, 인크. | 연료 전지 구동식 용접기 |
| JP2004504700A (ja) * | 2000-07-18 | 2004-02-12 | モトローラ・インコーポレイテッド | 直接メタノール燃料電池システム |
| US7396794B2 (en) | 2001-02-21 | 2008-07-08 | Sony Corporation | Gas diffusive electrode body and method of manufacturing the same as well as electrochemical device |
| US7407722B2 (en) | 2001-03-08 | 2008-08-05 | Sony Corporation | Gas diffusing electrode body, method of manufacturing the same and electrochemical device |
| US7988834B2 (en) | 2001-06-01 | 2011-08-02 | Sony Corporation | Conductive catalyst particles and process for production thereof, gas-diffusing catalytic electrode, and electrochemical device |
| JP2005518646A (ja) * | 2002-02-19 | 2005-06-23 | エムティーアイ・マイクロフューエル・セルズ・インコーポレイテッド | 簡易化された直接酸化燃料電池システム |
| JPWO2003107466A1 (ja) * | 2002-06-17 | 2005-10-20 | 株式会社ジーエス・ユアサコーポレーション | 液体燃料形燃料電池とその運転を監視する運転監視方法および運転監視装置 |
| JP2004186097A (ja) * | 2002-12-05 | 2004-07-02 | Sharp Corp | 燃料電池 |
| US7563530B2 (en) | 2003-04-11 | 2009-07-21 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Fuel amount control system for fuel cell |
| CN100421293C (zh) * | 2003-05-16 | 2008-09-24 | 三洋电机株式会社 | 燃料电池 |
| JP4807077B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-24 | 2011-11-02 | 日本電気株式会社 | アルコール濃度測定方法、アルコール濃度測定装置、および当該装置を含む燃料電池システム |
| JPWO2004114450A1 (ja) * | 2003-06-24 | 2006-08-03 | 日本電気株式会社 | アルコール濃度測定方法、アルコール濃度測定装置、および当該装置を含む燃料電池システム |
| WO2004114450A1 (ja) * | 2003-06-24 | 2004-12-29 | Nec Corporation | アルコール濃度測定方法、アルコール濃度測定装置、および当該装置を含む燃料電池システム |
| JPWO2005004267A1 (ja) * | 2003-07-01 | 2006-08-17 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | ダイレクトメタノール型燃料電池システム |
| WO2005004267A1 (ja) * | 2003-07-01 | 2005-01-13 | Yamaha Motor Co., Ltd. | ダイレクトメタノール型燃料電池システム |
| WO2005045975A1 (ja) * | 2003-11-06 | 2005-05-19 | Nec Corporation | 燃料電池用燃料カートリッジおよびそれを有する燃料電池 |
| US7651804B2 (en) | 2003-11-06 | 2010-01-26 | Nec Corporation | Fuel cartridge for fuel cell and fuel cell with the fuel cartridge |
| US8053119B2 (en) | 2004-06-07 | 2011-11-08 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Reformer and fuel cell system having the same |
| JP2005350345A (ja) * | 2004-06-07 | 2005-12-22 | Samsung Sdi Co Ltd | 改質装置及び燃料電池システム |
| US8029580B2 (en) | 2004-06-29 | 2011-10-04 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Fuel cell reformer and system |
| JP2006079955A (ja) * | 2004-09-10 | 2006-03-23 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | 燃料電池システム及び発電用燃料容器 |
| US7691519B2 (en) | 2005-11-16 | 2010-04-06 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell |
| US7736789B2 (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2010-06-15 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Fuel cell having unit cells arranged to merge gases generated in the unit cells |
| JP2007234521A (ja) * | 2006-03-03 | 2007-09-13 | Inst Nuclear Energy Research Rocaec | 燃料電池廃熱回収システム |
| JP2008097838A (ja) * | 2006-10-06 | 2008-04-24 | Hitachi Ltd | 燃料電池システム |
| US8435695B2 (en) | 2007-02-01 | 2013-05-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Gas diffusion electrode, fuel cell, and manufacturing method for the gas diffusion electrode |
| KR101360269B1 (ko) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-02-12 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 전기화학적 이산화탄소 전환용 콤팩트 반응기 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1524715A1 (en) | 2005-04-20 |
| EP1524713A1 (en) | 2005-04-20 |
| CA2240019A1 (en) | 1997-06-12 |
| DE69637289D1 (de) | 2007-11-22 |
| EP1524715B1 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
| JP2002117863A (ja) | 2002-04-19 |
| JP2002110197A (ja) | 2002-04-12 |
| EP1548864A1 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
| JP3914726B2 (ja) | 2007-05-16 |
| US6254748B1 (en) | 2001-07-03 |
| US6420059B1 (en) | 2002-07-16 |
| AU1684997A (en) | 1997-06-27 |
| US6146781A (en) | 2000-11-14 |
| EP1524714A1 (en) | 2005-04-20 |
| JP3748796B2 (ja) | 2006-02-22 |
| EP0876685A1 (en) | 1998-11-11 |
| DE69637923D1 (de) | 2009-06-18 |
| US6303244B1 (en) | 2001-10-16 |
| EP0876685A4 (en) | 2003-09-03 |
| JP3487308B2 (ja) | 2004-01-19 |
| EP1526596A1 (en) | 2005-04-27 |
| AU721401B2 (en) | 2000-07-06 |
| JP2002117864A (ja) | 2002-04-19 |
| US6589684B1 (en) | 2003-07-08 |
| CA2240019C (en) | 2002-03-12 |
| JP2002110199A (ja) | 2002-04-12 |
| JP3914727B2 (ja) | 2007-05-16 |
| US6265093B1 (en) | 2001-07-24 |
| EP0876685B1 (en) | 2009-05-06 |
| EP1548865A1 (en) | 2005-06-29 |
| WO1997021256A1 (en) | 1997-06-12 |
| JP2002110177A (ja) | 2002-04-12 |
| US5773162A (en) | 1998-06-30 |
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