JPS582176B2 - Kaen Screening Glass Panel Oyobi Sono Seizouhou - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a fire screen that becomes effective when sufficiently heated.
g) Concerning flame screening glass panels contained in the means.

In the construction of buildings, glass panels must sometimes be used in exterior or interior walls or partitions.

The most typical example is the use of light-transmissive glass panels such as windows.

Structural components must sometimes meet certain stringent criteria for fire resistance.

Fire resistance is sometimes quantified against standard tests that expose structural components to specific cycles of temperature changes over a period of time.

The fire resistance potential of a component is determined by the length of time that the component can retain the strength required of it to perform its function.

Under certain circumstances, fire resistance standards require that a component have a minimum strength retention time, be completely flame retardant, and that the component must prevent flame spread by thermal radiation generated by itself and Panels must be able to meet stringent thermal insulation tests to ensure that the panels do not become hot enough to burn people who may touch them when exposed to heat.

The fire resistance standard for a given component is the length of time for which the component can meet one or more specified specifications in a test in which the component is exposed in an enclosure whose temperature is raised according to a predetermined schedule. It can be expressed quantitatively as a function.

For example, the fire resistance criteria labeled 1, 2 and 3 are such that the test enclosure temperature is 720°C for 15, 30 and 60 minutes;
1 in tests at 820°C and 925°C, respectively.
This corresponded to resistance times of 5, 30 and 60 minutes.

Conventional panels containing one or more sheets of vitreous material are not highly thermally insulating or fire resistant.

When exposed to flame, they become so hot that humans cannot touch them without getting burned.

Additionally, thermal radiation from the heated panel itself can further cause a flame.

Various proposals have been made in connection with this problem; one proposal is to provide water hydrants for supplying extinguishing agents, such as water, into buildings having door and window openings.

Hydrants shall be placed over each door and window opening of the building and communicate with a common receptacle containing fire extinguishing agent.

In the event of a fire, water hydrants provide extinguishing agent along each door and window.

Such devices have certain drawbacks.

Among these drawbacks is that the device is complex and not easy to install.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a flame screening glass panel that is easy and convenient to handle or assemble in twos.

Another object of the invention is to provide such a panel with improved thermal insulation and fire resistance.

In particular, the invention aims to provide a panel that resists mechanical failure when rapidly heated by a heat source placed on one side of the panel.

The present invention resides in a flame screening glass panel containing a flame screening means which becomes operative when sufficiently heated, the panel comprising a first structural layer formed by a vitreous sheet and at least one other structural layer. and inserting at least one plastic membrane between the first structural layer and the other structural layer, and on each side of such membrane, at least one layer, when heated sufficiently, transforms and transforms. They are also characterized by the inclusion of a material or the presence of a layer composed of a material which significantly reduces the transmission power of infrared radiation or forms a thermally insulating barrier which is opaque.

As used herein, "vitreous material" includes glass and glass crystalline materials.

Glass crystalline materials are formed by heat treating glass in a manner that induces the formation of one or more crystalline phases therein.

The present invention provides a number of advantages that are considered important.

The first advantage lies in the fact that flame screening glass panels are very easy to install and as such are sufficient to prevent or slow down the spread of fire across the opening closed by the panel.

A second advantage is that when the panel is installed as part of the wall of the fire enclosure and the membrane is therefore disposed between the first structural layer and the inner surface of the enclosure, the plastic membrane The aim is to eliminate or reduce the tendency for local overheating of the layer and thus to eliminate or reduce the risk of destruction of the panel.

The area directly behind the plastic membrane (the area occupied by one of the soundwiched or inserted layers close to the flame) is affected by the behavior of the material of this layer when heated, for example. It will heat up unevenly,
It forms a thermally insulating barrier.

However, the plastic membrane serves to ensure a more even distribution of the heat transmitted to the saudwiched layer preceding the membrane and the first structural layer.

A third advantage is that under various circumstances, the time required for the vitreous sheet constituting the first layer to reach a certain temperature is prolonged by the presence of the membrane.

The vitreous sheet thus makes it possible to provide a touchable outer surface of the panel with less risk of burns than with panels of known construction and corresponding weight.

As mentioned above, at least one layer of the barrier-forming substance is
It can be converted to thermally form a barrier that has very reduced infrared radiation transmission or is opaque.

This feature reduces the intensity of infrared radiation from a flame initiated on one side of the panel (which is transmitted through the panel) to such an extent that it cannot initiate a secondary flame on the opposite side of the panel. Allows for the formation of highly effective flame screens.

When the panel is installed in the opposite direction to that described above,
That is, when the first layer is placed between the flame and the plastic membrane, a corresponding advantage is provided, namely that the plastic membrane slows down the heating of the other sides of the panel.

In such a case, the front surface may be formed, for example, by another vitreous sheet.

The present invention is equally applicable to both opaque and light transmissive panels.

The use of opaque glass panels, i.e. panels containing one or more sheets of glass or glass crystalline material, is becoming increasingly important in buildings, such panels being used, for example, in bulkheads with a transparent top. It is often used to form the lower part of a bulkhead, particularly when it is desired that the panels forming the upper and lower parts of the bulkhead be similar in surface texture or some other properties.

Preferably, however, the panel is a light-transmissive panel, which when covered can be used, for example, as a viewing window until the flames reach it.

Advantageously, the barrier-forming material can be thermally converted into a solid porous or cellular body.

This is because such bodies generally have low thermal conductivity.

Preferably, the barrier-forming material comprises a hydrated metal salt.

Examples of metal salts that can be used in hydrated form are:

Aluminates, e.g. sodium or potassium aluminate, leadates, e.g. sodium or potassium leadate, stannates, e.g. sodium or potassium stannate, alum, e.g. sodium aluminum sulfate or sodium aluminum sulfate, borates, e.g. boric acid. Sodium, phosphates such as sodium orthophosphate, potassium orthophosphate and aluminum phosphate.

Hydrated alkali metal silicates, such as sodium silicates, are also suitable for use in the layer incorporating the heat converting material.

This group of substances has very good properties considering their purpose.

They have the ability to form transparent layers that adhere well to glass or glass crystalline materials.

When heated sufficiently, the bound water boils and the layer foams, thus forming an opaque solid porous or cellular form that is highly thermally insulating yet remains adhesive to glass or glass-crystalline materials. Hydrated metal salts are converted.

This feature is particularly important because even if all the structural layers of the panel crack or break due to thermal shock, the fragments of each layer will remain bonded in place by the converted metal salts. This is because the panel retains its effectiveness as a barrier against heat and fumes because it can remain in the air.

According to the invention, a layer (
When a panel incorporating a saline layer (Saudwich layer) is exposed to a flame, the water in the salt layer closest to the flame boils first.

When this layer is heated, the other hydrated metal salt layer is kept at a slightly lower temperature due to the presence of the plastic membrane.

During the boiling of the combined water of the first sandwich layer, its temperature remains substantially constant and the heat conversion of the flame screening material on the other sandwich layer is retarded.

As the bound water is completely removed from the sandwich layer near the flame, this layer becomes effective as a thermal barrier.

Although some embodiments use a layer of hydrated metal salt that is merely translucent, it is preferred that the hydrated metal salt form a transparent solid layer at room temperature.

Sodium silicate, sodium alumiracum sulfate, and aluminum phosphate may form the transparent layer.

Glassy materials suffer from varying degrees of degradation due to prolonged contact with various barrier-forming materials, such as hydrated metal salts.

This is particularly important in the case of transparent or colored sheets, since they may suffer from a loss of transparency or a change in color.

It is therefore preferred to provide a protective layer between said first structural layer and an adjacent heat conversion layer, said protective layer being configured to prevent interaction between said barrier-forming material and said first structural layer.

When said further structural layer is also a vitreous material, said protective layer is preferably similarly provided between said further vitreous sheet and the adjacent layer of barrier-forming material.

This feature applies equally well whether the panel is a true laminate, that is, a multilayer panel where each layer is joined face-to-face, or whether it is a multilayer panel where each layer is gripped from the outside, such as in a frame. Applicable.

In some preferred embodiments, the protective layer comprises a sheet of substantially water permeable plastic material.

Polyvinyl butyral is a particularly suitable material for forming the plastic protective layer, with a thickness of e.g.
mm, but other film-forming plastic materials with suitable properties can also be used.

In another preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one of the above-mentioned protective layers comprises a coating applied to the surface of the vitreous sheet to be protected.

Preferably, such a coating comprises an anhydrous metal compound deposited on the surface of such sheet.

This is because such layers can form very effective protective layers.

Clearly, one consideration influencing the selection of a suitable coating material is the composition of the thermally insulating barrier forming layer.

An example is given when the barrier-forming material is sodium, borax or potassium silicate or sodium alum, then the coating material comprises zirconium oxide or anhydrous aluminum phosphate.

When the thermally insulating barrier-forming layer is hydrated aluminum phosphate, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, tin oxide, and anhydrous aluminum phosphate are excellently suitable protective coating materials.

It was discovered that a protective layer of anhydrous aluminum phosphate when deposited on a vitreous sheet has the effect of substantially inhibiting interaction between the vitreous sheet and an adjacent layer of hydric aluminum phosphate. That's surprising.

The present invention does not exclude the use of other coating materials.

When constructed with a coating as described above, the protective layer is preferably on the order of 100 to 1000 Angstroms thick so as to form a non-porous coating without producing unsightly interfering effects.

At least one of said layers of barrier-forming material has a thickness of 0.1 m.
Preferably, the thickness is between m and 8 mm.

Layers with thicknesses in this range can be converted into highly effective flame screening barriers.

Although it is clear that the effectiveness of a flame screening barrier formed from a layer of a given material depends on the thickness, it is also clear that the transparency of such a layer decreases with increasing thickness.

At least one layer of heat convertible material has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.1 mm.
Preferably it has a thickness of 5 mm.

The plastic membrane in the panel according to the invention can be formed from any film-forming plastic material having the required properties.

Preferably, the panel incorporates at least one of the above plastic membranes consisting of polyvinyl petyral (as this is very advantageous).

Polyurethane is also a very suitable material for forming at least one of the membranes mentioned above, and indeed polyurethane is also suitable for forming the plastic protective layer mentioned above.

Preferably, said first structural layer and/or at least one other vitreous sheet (if present) of the panel is reinforced.

Tempered vitreous sheets can withstand thermal shock well.

Chemically reinforced sheets are particularly recommended.

The panel according to the invention preferably comprises two structural layers,
Preferably, each is comprised of a vitreous sheet, each forming an external surface of the panel.

Such a panel construction has the advantage of being simple.

However, it should be understood that incorporating more than one structural layer is also within the scope of the invention for the panel.

The present invention also includes panels having a plastic membrane within each of two or more internal layer spaces with a layer of thermal barrier forming material on each side of the plastic membrane.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the panel is in the form of a laminate, i.e. said first vitreous sheet, at least one other structural layer, a plastic membrane between such layers and a thermal converter on each side of such membrane. It is a multilayer panel structure in which the layers are joined face-to-face.

However, the present invention also provides a multilayer panel in which the first layer, other structural layers, a plastic membrane inserted between such layers and a heat converting layer on each side of such membrane are held together by external means such as a frame. include.

The invention also includes articles containing a multilayer panel according to the invention as described above, together with a second spaced apart panel (including a single sheet or multiple sheets).

The invention can therefore also be made into a hollow glass assembly.

As mentioned above, a specific example of the present invention is shown in which the panel is in the form of a laminate.

The present invention also includes a method of forming such a laminate.

The method includes the steps of applying a layer of material to one side of a first vitreous structural layer that transforms when sufficiently heated to form a thermally insulating barrier, and applying such layer to another structural layer. combining the coating layer with the application layer adjacent thereto on each side of the layer of plastic film-forming material and heating and pressing the combination to bond the coated layer and plastic film together to form a laminate. including the step of forming.

This is a very simple and effective method of forming laminate panels according to the invention.

This method does not require the application of adhesive between the coating and the plastic membrane on each structural layer.

Preferably, at least one of the heat converting layers is formed from a hydrated metal salt.

and in a most preferred embodiment of the invention, said hydrated metal salt is selected from the group consisting of aluminates, plumnates, stannates, alums, borates, phosphates and alkali metal silicates. .

The advantages resulting from these method features will be clear from the advantages listed for the corresponding features of the panels according to the invention.

Advantageously, the hydrated metal salt layer is applied as an aqueous solution and can be dried before assembly of the panel.

For example, to obtain a layer of hydrated aluminum phosphate, 3
．． An aqueous solution containing 5 mol/l of salt is applied to the sheet and then dried using a fan.

This solution can be obtained by mixing phosphoric acid and aluminum chloride in stoichiometric amounts.

This is a very simple way to obtain the required layer of barrier-forming material.

Preferably, a protective layer is formed on the surface of the vitreous first structural layer before applying the heat converting layer.

The protective layer is comprised of a material selected to prevent interaction between the barrier-forming material and the first structural layer.

The protective layer is formed on each glass sheet surface of the panel,
Preferably, a layer of the barrier-forming material described above is then applied onto this.

Preferably, the protective layer is formed as a sheet of substantially water-impermeable plastics material, advantageously such a protective layer is formed from polyvinyl petral.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, at least one of the protective layers described above is applied as a coating to the surface of the vitreous sheet.

Advantageously, such a protective layer is formed by depositing a coating of anhydrous metal compound on the surface of the glassy sheet.

The advantages of these preferred features of the method according to the invention will be apparent from the advantages described above for the corresponding preferred features of the panel according to the invention.

Such application of the anhydrous metal compound coating, which acts as a protective layer, is preferably carried out by pyrolysis or hydrolysis.

This is because they are a very convenient way of forming uniform coatings that are highly resistant to the deleterious effects of the barrier-forming materials mentioned above.

Preferably said barrier-forming material is selected from the group consisting of alum, borates and alkali metal silicates, and said anhydrous metal compound for forming the protective layer is selected from zirconium oxide and anhydrous aluminum phosphate, but not otherwise. In a preferred embodiment, the barrier-forming material comprises hydrous aluminum phosphate, and the anhydrous metal compound for forming the protective layer is selected from titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, tin oxide and anhydrous aluminum phosphate.

Advantageously, the protective coating is formed to a thickness of 100 to 1000 Å.

Preferably at least one of said heat converting layers has a thickness of 0.1 m.
It is preferable to form it to a thickness of m to 8 mm.

Optimally, such a heat converting layer is formed to a thickness of 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the coating layer is assembled and bonded together on each side of the membrane of plastics material containing polyvinyl butyral.

In such a method according to the invention, the layer applied to the structural layer is preferably a layer of one or more hydrated alkali metal silicates.

This is because such barrier-forming materials can more easily withstand the required bonding temperatures than other hydrated metal salts shown herein.

In a preferred embodiment of the method of the invention, the coated structural layer is a thermally convertible layer applied adjacent to the monomer-containing layer on each side of the layer of plastic film-forming material containing organic monomers. The combination is subjected to heat and pressure to polymerize the monomers in situ and bond the coated structural layers on either side of the plastic membrane thus formed.

Embodiments with this feature have the advantage that by appropriate selection of the organic monomers the polymerization temperature can be kept below 80°C, which eliminates the risk of premature conversion of the barrier-forming layer during the bonding process. do.

Urethane is a highly suitable organic monomer for incorporation into such layers.

If the plastic film is formed by this method, it is very convenient to form the plastic protective film by a similar method.

The present invention will be described below by way of examples with reference to the drawings.

Example 1 A flame screening panel was made as shown in FIG.

The panel comprises two glass sheets 1, each having a layer 2 of hydrated sodium silicate, which layers are bonded on each side to a membrane 3 of polyvinyl petral.

The glass sheet 1 is soda lime glass with a thickness of 3 mm, and the layers of sodium silicate 2 each have a thickness of 2.5 mm.
The plastic film 3 has a thickness of 0.76 mm.

To form layer 2, the hydrated sodium silicate was applied in the form of an aqueous solution with the following properties:

Weight ratio SiO2/Na20=3.4 viscosity
200 cp Specific Gravity 37-40° Baume This solution was applied to the surface of each glass sheet at 20° C. with each sheet horizontal.

The solution thus applied was applied onto a glass sheet.

A stream of warm air was blown towards the solution to dry it.

This drying was done to drive off excess unbound water in the solution, thus leaving a layer of aqueous sodium silicate on each glass sheet.

After forming these layers of aqueous sodium silicate on the sheets, the sheets are coated to a thickness of 0.5 mm as shown in FIG.
A sheet 30 of 76 mm polyvinyl butyral was placed on both sides.

The assembled panels were placed in a vacuum chamber to bond the panels together to form a laminate.

The reduced pressure has the effect of removing air trapped between each layer of the panel.

After reducing the pressure, the temperature of the panels was heated to 80° C. until prebonding of the panels under vacuum was achieved.

After this preliminary bonding operation, a bonding operation was carried out in a conventional manner at a pressure of 15 kg/cm 2 and a temperature of 130°C.

The panels thus formed could be framed very easily and had great advantages in the case of flames.

In fact, this panel was found to retain its thermal properties for 26 minutes, its mechanical stability and its flame retardant properties for 45 minutes.

It was found that when a fire occurred, the layer 2 of hydrated sodium silicate was converted into anhydrous sodium silicate with an opaque porous form.

When the flame screening panel according to this example is subjected to the action of flame on one side thereof, the aqueous sodium silicate water applied to the sheet closest to the flame is converted into an opaque porous flame screening barrier of anhydrous sodium silicate. Ta.

This anhydrous barrier was slightly thicker than the water reservoir and was very effective against infrared rays.

While this conversion occurred, the bound water was expelled, thus serving to suppress the temperature rise in the layer.

During this time the plastic membrane serves to provide temperature uniformity over the entire area of the panel, spreading the local "hot spot" in the first layer undergoing conversion into a large thermal zone in the second layer.

When this first layer is completely dehydrated, the other layers of aqueous sodium silicate are sequentially converted to form an opaque porous barrier of anhydrous sodium silicate.

These phenomena enable flame screening panel surfaces that are not directly exposed to the action of fire to be kept at acceptable temperatures for long periods of time.

In fact, when the flame screening panel was mounted on the furnace wall, it was found that the following results were obtained.

The panels had a high degree of mechanical stability during and after conversion of the barrier formation layer.

In the modified example of FIG. 1, a glass sheet 1 was used which had undergone a chemical strengthening treatment in which ions were diffused into the glass from a contacting medium.

This chemical strengthening was carried out by converting sodium ions from the surface layer of the sheet being treated by potassium ions from a contact medium comprising a bath of molten potassium nitrate kept at a temperature of 470°C.

The results obtained in terms of thermal insulation, mechanical stability and effectiveness as a flame and smoke barrier were the same as those obtained using the flame screening panels described above.

However, during the first few minutes of the fire, this modified panel
It had thermal shock resistance greater than that of the panels described above.

In the second modified row, intended for use in cases where there is only a very small fire risk on one side of the partition, the glass sheet 1 facing the flame side was replaced by a sheet of plastic material.

In this case too, the results obtained in terms of resistance to flame were the same as in the example described above.

In the third modification, the flame screening panel was constructed exactly as in the first of this example.

However, the layer 2 of sodium silicate was formed to have a thickness of 0.2 mm instead of 2.5 mm.

In terms of fire resistance, this modified panel was slightly less effective than each of the panels described above.

However, this panel had the advantage of increased transparency.

In yet another modified series, a flame screening panel was constructed as described above, except that the polyvinyl butyral membrane was replaced with a membrane of polyvinyl chloride.

Replacing the membrane in this manner had no effect on the fire resistance of the panel.

Example 2 The example shown in FIG. 2 further includes an additional layer of barrier-forming material 2.
1 except that an additional plastic membrane 3 has been incorporated.

A central layer 2 of barrier-forming material was formed as a layer over one of the membranes 3, and the panel was assembled in the same manner as described in FIG.

In this row, the glass sheet 1 was soda lime gas with a thickness of 3 mm.

Each layer of sodium silicate 2 had a thickness of 2.5 mm, and each plastic membrane 3 had a thickness of 0.76 mm.

The flame screened glass panel in this example was also very easy to place into the frame.

From a fire resistance standpoint, this panel was better than the Examples due to the added thickness of the barrier-forming material.

Example 3 To make the panel shown in Figure 3, two glass sheets 1
Each side was coated with a protective layer 4 of zirconium oxide with a thickness of 500 Å.

The zirconium oxide coating 4 was formed by the known method of pyrolyzing an alcohol solution φ sprayed through a spray nozzle onto a glass sheet heated to 550°C.

The solution used was modified ethyl alcohol containing zirconium tetrachloride in a proportion of 150 g/l, with addition of 10% by volume of ahityl acetone.

This solution was not heated when used.

The coated side of each sheet 1 was coated with a heat converting layer 2 of aqueous sodium silicate.

A 4 mm thick protective coated glass sheet 1 is coated with a 2.5 mm thick heat converting layer by applying an aqueous sodium silicate solution to the coated side of the sheet and then heated by a fan. The wind drove out the unbound water.

The applied sodium silicate solution had the following properties.

Weight ratio SiO2/Na2O=3.4 viscosity
A 200 cp specific gravity 37-40° Baume silicate sodium solution was applied and then dried at 30° C. for 12 hours in an atmosphere of 35% relative humidity.

The coated sheets were then assembled on both sides of the layer of urethane film 3, and each layer was bonded to form a laminate.

The binding temperature was kept below 100° C. to avoid the risk of converting the aqueous sodium silicate to anhydrous sodium silicate.

The fire resistance given to this panel was the same as the results shown in Example 1.

In addition to this, the panel of this example had the additional advantage of maintaining its optical properties over time and up to the point of flame failure.

In particular, it has been found that panels incorporating such protective coatings do not lose their clarity over long periods of time.

A decrease in clarity was observed to occur in the absence of a protective layer due to the interaction between the hydrated sodium silicate and the glass sheet.

The modified row of FIG. 3 was made using a glass sheet 1 that had previously been subjected to a chemical strengthening treatment that replaced the sodium ions in the glass with potassium ions from the contact medium.

The use of tempered glass sheets prevents damage caused by thermal shock.
gave a panel with increased resistance.

In the second modified series, glass sheet 1 was replaced with a glass crystalline material.

This also gave good results.

Example 4 The example shown in Figure 4 was constructed in the same manner as Example 3, except that a layer 2 of barrier forming material and a layer 3 of plastic were added.

A central layer 2 of barrier-forming material was formed as a layer on a plastic membrane 3 and the panel was assembled in the same manner as in row 3.

The thickness of each layer of the panel was the same as shown in row 3.

The additional heat converting layer 2 gave this panel a higher degree of fire resistance than the panel shown in row 3. In another modified row, the zirconium oxide protective coating 4 of FIG. 4 was applied to a thickness of 400 Å each. Replaced with indium oxide coating.

These coatings were formed in a known manner by spraying a solution of indium chloride through a spray nozzle onto a hot glass sheet, with the indium chloride being converted to indium oxide by thermal decomposition.

This modified example also showed very good fire resistance.

Example 5 In FIG. 1, two glass sheets 1 were each coated on one side with a layer 2 of sodium aluminum sulfate.

In practice, each 4 mm thick glass sheet was coated with a 2.5 mm thick layer by applying moist hydrated sodium aluminum sulfate and then driving off unbound water with hot air.

Next, the coated glass sheet is assembled so as to face the surface of the urethane layer, and this assembly is heated under pressure to polymerize the urethane to form the urethane film 3, and the coated glass sheet is bonded to form a laminate. formed.

The bonding temperature was kept below 80° C. to prevent the aluminum sodium sulfate from becoming anhydrous.

When this panel was tested for fire resistance, the results obtained were the same as those shown in Example 1.

In a modification of this example, a glass sheet 1 was used which had been chemically strengthened by diffusion of potassium ions into the glass from a contact medium in order to exchange sodium ions from the glass.

In the second modified row, the glass sheet 1 facing the flame was replaced by a sheet of plastic material, for use when there is only a very small flame risk on one side of the partition.

In a third modification, the two glass sheets 1 were replaced by sheets of opaque glass crystalline material.

The same results were obtained with these three modified panels.

Example 6 A panel was constructed as shown in FIG. 2 in the same manner as described in Example 5, but incorporating an additional layer 2 of sodium aluminum sulfate and an additional plastic membrane 3.

This panel was prepared in Example 5, with the central layer of barrier-forming material 2 being formed as a layer over one of the urethane layers, the urethane layer being formed on layer 2 of barrier-forming material deposited on structural layer 1. It was assembled in the same manner as described.

The two glass sheets each had a thickness of 4 mm, and the three heat converting layers each had a thickness of 2.5 mm.

This panel had greater fire resistance than the panel of Example 5.

Example 7 The flame diagram schematically shown in FIG. 3 consists of two glass sheets 1, two heat converting layers 2 of hydrated sodium aluminate, a membrane 3 of polyvinyl butyral, and two protective layers 4 of acrylic resin. A screening panel was created.

Sheets 1 were each 4 mm thick soda lime glass.

Each of them was placed substantially horizontally, and the prepolymerized liquid was placed on top of them to a depth of 100 microns.

The prepolymerization liquid is formed by copolymerizing acrylic acid and methyl acrylate, and it increases the adhesion to glass.
5 parts by weight of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane were included.

The treated sheet was then heated to 60° C. and polymerized to obtain a protective layer of acrylic resin.

On the protected side of each sheet of glass a 1 mm thick layer of hydrated sodium aluminate was then applied.

The hydrated sodium aluminate, applied in solution, was then dried with a stream of hot air.

When the layers were dry, they were assembled on both sides of a 0.76 mm thick polyvinyl butyral membrane 3 and the assembly was bonded and formed into a laminate in the manner described in Example 1, except that this time the hydrated sodium aluminate Care was taken to ensure that the bonding temperature did not rise above 120°C to avoid the risk of conversion to anhydrous material.

Substantially identical panels were made by a modified method.

As previously described, each glass sheet was coated with four 100 micron coats of the same prepolymerized solution.

However, instead of heating the sheets in this step, one of each sheet was applied with a 1 mm layer of aqueous sodium aluminate and dried.

A plastic membrane with a thickness of 0.76 mm was placed on this dried layer and a second layer of hydrated sodium aluminate was placed on the membrane with a thickness of 1 mm and then dried with hot air.

This second layer was then assembled onto the other glass sheet cover and the assembly was bonded in the manner of Example 1, again ensuring that the bonding temperature did not exceed 120°C.

At this temperature and pressure, the prepolymerized liquid is polymerized to form an acrylic resin protective layer, and the heat converting layer is bonded to the glass sheet. and tightly connected.

In the modified series, the acrylic resin protective layer 4 was each replaced by a protective layer of polyvinyl butyral with a thickness of 0.76 mm.

In another modification, the hydrated sodium aluminate layer was replaced with potassium aluminate, sodium leadate, potassium leadate, sodium stannate, and potassium stannate, all of which are in their hydrated forms. .

In yet another variation, each heat converting layer was constructed from a different barrier-forming material.

The glass panels shown in this example all had and maintained good optical properties and had the same fire resistance properties as the panel of Example 3.

Example 8 As shown in Figure 3, two sheets 1 of transparent glass crystalline material 2 of known composition, two heat converting layers 2 of aluminum potassium sulfate 0.5 m thick, 0. .76m
A flame screening panel was made comprising a membrane 3 of polyvinyl butyral 500 Å thick and two protective coatings 4 of anhydrous aluminum phosphate 500 Å thick.

The thickness of each glass crystal sheet was 4 mm.

The anhydrous aluminum phosphate protective layer was made as follows.

An alcoholic solution of 1 mole of anhydrous aluminum chloride and 1 mole of phosphoric acid anhydride was placed in the bath and each sheet was immersed therein.

Each sheet was placed vertically and pulled from the bath at a speed of 75 cm/min.

One side of each sheet was then wiped and the sheets were placed in an oven and heated to 400°C.

Under these conditions, the alcohol evaporated leaving a coating of anhydrous aluminum phosphate on the unwiped side of each sheet.

Next, a solution of aluminum and potassium sulfate was applied to the sheet 1 on the protective layer 4 to form a heat converting layer 2.

The solution was made by dissolving potassium aluminum sulfate in distilled water, and then the solution was heated to evaporate some of the water to obtain a viscous liquid, which could be easily applied onto glass crystalline sheets. did it.

The heat converting layer was dried in a hot air stream, and assembled face-to-face through an interlayer film 3 of polyvinyl petitral having a thickness of 0.76 mm.
This assembly was combined.

The optical properties of this panel were maintained over time because the medical barrier layer acted to substantially prevent interaction between the glass crystalline material and potassium aluminum sulfate.

The fire resistance of this panel was the same as that of Example 7.

Implementation row 9 A flame screening glass panel as shown in FIG.
two sheets of transparent glass crystalline material 1 each 4 mm thick; two heat converting layers 2 of hydrated sodium borate each 1 mm thick; a membrane 3 of polyvinyl butyral 0.76 mm thick; and a protective coating 4 on the side of each sheet 1 with the heat converting layer described above.

The protective layer 4 was each made by depositing zirconium oxide to a thickness of 350 Å by the method of Example 3.

A sodium borate layer 2 was deposited onto the zirconium oxide coating 4 on the sheet 1 using a saturated solution of sodium borate.

The layers thus obtained were dried in a stream of warm air to remove excess water.

As a modified example, the sodium borate layer 2 has a thickness of 2
．． Made as described above but replaced with a 5 mm layer of hydrated sodium silicate.

The hydrated sodium silicate layer was applied as described in Example 1.

The optical properties of these panels were maintained over long periods of time because the zirconium oxide protective layer acts to substantially prevent interaction between the glass crystalline material and the sodium aqueous borate or sodium aqueous silicate. .

These had good fire resistance. Example 10 Two sheets of soda lime glass, each 1.
two heat converting layers of 5 mm hydrated aluminum phosphate;
A fire-resistant glass panel as shown in FIG. 3 was made comprising a membrane 3 of polyvinylbutyral 0.76 mm thick and two protective layers 4 of titanium oxide each 400 Å thick.

The glass sheet had a thickness of 4 mm.

The titanium oxide protective layer was deposited by the well-known vacuum evaporation method.

A heat convertible layer of hydrated aluminum phosphate was formed as follows.

A 3.5 molar aqueous solution of aluminum phosphate obtained as the reaction product of a solution of hydrated aluminum chloride and phosphoric acid,
It was applied onto the surface of a glass sheet having a titanium oxide coating.

The water-containing aluminum phosphate layer was dried in a stream of hot air.

After drying, the panel was assembled using the method described in Example 1.

The optical properties of this panel were maintained over a long period of time and the fire resistance was good.

As a modified example, each titanium oxide coating is 500 Å thick.
A similar flame screened glass panel was made by replacing the tin oxide coating with a tin oxide coating.

These coatings were obtained in a conventional manner using a solution of tin chloride, using a well-known pyrolysis process.

The optical and fire resistance properties of this modification were the same as those of the panel at the beginning of this example.

Example 11 Contains two sheets of soda lime glass 1, each 4 mm thick, two heat converting layers 2 of aqueous sodium phosphate, each 5 mm thick, and a membrane 3 of polyvinyl butyral 0.76 mm thick. A flame-screened glass panel as shown in FIG. 1 was prepared.

Layer 2 of hydrated sodium phosphate was prepared by applying an aqueous solution of sodium phosphate onto a glass sheet and then heating to 100°C to drive off the free water without converting the hydrated sodium phosphate to anhydrous sodium phosphate. Heated.

After cooling, the sheets were assembled and each heat converting layer was bonded to both sides of the polyvinyl petral membrane in the same manner as described in Example 1, but keeping the maximum bonding temperature below 100°C.

This panel had very good fire resistance.

As a modification, similar panels were made by replacing each heat converting layer of hydrated sodium phosphate with a 2 mm thick layer of hydrated potassium phosphate.

This panel also had good fire resistance.

Example 12 Modified glass panels comparable to the panels described in Examples 3, 4 and 7-10 were made without the presence of a protective layer.

The results obtained in terms of fire resistance were substantially the same as those of similar panels containing protective layers as shown in each row.

The manufacturing cost of these modified spring structures was slightly lower than the cost of similar panels except for the incorporation of the protective layer.

However, it has been observed that these modified panels tend to deteriorate in their optical properties, particularly their transparency, over time as a result of the interaction between the glass sheets of each panel and the barrier forming material.

This interaction is largely prevented by the presence of a protective layer,
In some cases they have been virtually eliminated.

The use of a heat converting layer of aluminum phosphate was particularly advantageous in the absence of a protective layer.

This is because the material itself bonds very strongly to the glassy material when transformed by heat.

This allows the panel to retain its effectiveness even if the glass sheet of the panel is destroyed, for example by thermal shock.

This is because the debris can be kept in place by its adhesion to the converted layer.

Example 13 A second panel comprising a glass panel identical in all respects to the glass panel described in Example 1, bonded to a 6 mm thick sheet 5 of polyurethane via an intermediate layer 6 of polyvinyl butyral 0.76 mm long. Opaque flame screening glass panels as shown in Figure 5 were made.

The fire resistance of this composite panel was generally the same as that of Example 1.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1-5 are cross-sectional schematic illustrations of various preferred embodiments of flame screened glass panels according to the present invention. 1 is a glass sheet, 2 is a heat conversion layer, 3 is a plastic film, 4 is a protective coating, 5 is a plastic film, and 6 is an intermediate layer.

Claims (1)

Claims: 1. Contains a first structural layer formed by a sheet of glass or glass crystalline material and at least one second structural layer formed by a sheet of glass or glass crystalline material or a plastic sheet. and in a flame-screened glass panel having at least one layer of or incorporating a material capable of being converted by heat to form a solid porous or cellular body forming a thermally insulating barrier between said layers. , wherein said panel contains at least one plastic membrane and a layer of or incorporated with a hydrated metal salt on each side of said membrane, said plastic membrane having said layer on each side of said plastic membrane; A flame screening glass panel characterized in that it is inserted between one structural layer and a second structural layer. 2. A protective layer is provided between the first structural layer and the adjacent heat converting layer, and the protective layer prevents interaction between the barrier-forming material and the first structural layer. A panel according to claim 1. 3 containing a first structural layer formed by a sheet of glass or glass-crystalline material and at least one second structural layer formed by a sheet of glass or glass-crystalline material or a plastic sheet, wherein heat is applied between said layers. Flame screening according to claim 1, comprising at least one layer of or incorporated with a material which can be converted by a material to form a solid porous or cellular body forming a thermally insulating barrier. In the method for manufacturing a glass panel, a layer made of a hydrated metal salt or mixed with such a salt is applied to one side of the first structural layer, and such a layer is applied to one side of the second structural layer, and the above-mentioned inserting a plastic membrane between said first structural layer and said second structural layer coated with an applied layer, said applied layer being adjacent on each side of said plastic membrane; to heat and pressure that bond the plastic membrane and the coated layers to form a laminate.