JPS6312060B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6312060B2 JPS6312060B2 JP55024186A JP2418680A JPS6312060B2 JP S6312060 B2 JPS6312060 B2 JP S6312060B2 JP 55024186 A JP55024186 A JP 55024186A JP 2418680 A JP2418680 A JP 2418680A JP S6312060 B2 JPS6312060 B2 JP S6312060B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- nitro
- reaction
- urea
- organic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 N,N'-disubstituted urea Chemical class 0.000 claims description 38
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- YPLPZEKZDGQOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron oxychloride Chemical compound [O][Fe]Cl YPLPZEKZDGQOOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloridooxygen Chemical compound ClOCl RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002941 palladium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003284 rhodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- GWEHVDNNLFDJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenylurea Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 GWEHVDNNLFDJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000006367 bivalent amino carbonyl group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])C([*:2])=O 0.000 description 6
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 5
- LBKPGNUOUPTQKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-phenylcarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 LBKPGNUOUPTQKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 101150003085 Pdcl gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 4
- WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 WDCYWAQPCXBPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002440 hydroxy compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKAFKUGMXFMRCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-diphenylurea Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C(=O)N)C1=CC=CC=C1 XKAFKUGMXFMRCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WVYBLYKUAKXDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(2-methylphenyl)urea Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C WVYBLYKUAKXDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MZZXOHSVFCRAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(3-amino-2-methylphenyl)urea Chemical compound CC1=C(N)C=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1C MZZXOHSVFCRAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OHKIZQHMAWTRCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(3-amino-4-methylphenyl)urea Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(C)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C)C(N)=C1 OHKIZQHMAWTRCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HIIZOYBOCSCLPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(4-methylphenyl)urea Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 HIIZOYBOCSCLPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLLHGOCRQSWCNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)urea Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC(N)=CC=C1C KLLHGOCRQSWCNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFCFYVKQTRLZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl BFCFYVKQTRLZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-diaminotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1N VOZKAJLKRJDJLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTRDKALNCIHHNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O XTRDKALNCIHHNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IGDYNWKWXUCIJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methyl-2-nitroaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(N)=C1 IGDYNWKWXUCIJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AUKRYONWZHRJRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-anthrol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=C(C=CC=C3)C3=CC2=C1 AUKRYONWZHRJRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MMCPOSDMTGQNKG-UJZMCJRSSA-N aniline;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.N[14C]1=[14CH][14CH]=[14CH][14CH]=[14CH]1 MMCPOSDMTGQNKG-UJZMCJRSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MMCPOSDMTGQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N anilinium chloride Chemical compound Cl.NC1=CC=CC=C1 MMCPOSDMTGQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003840 hydrochlorides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012442 inert solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 2
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IXQGCWUGDFDQMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-Hydroxyethylbenzene Natural products CCC1=CC=CC=C1O IXQGCWUGDFDQMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridin-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 AOJFQRQNPXYVLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940065287 selenium compound Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000003343 selenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten trioxide Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O ZNOKGRXACCSDPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl BOSAWIQFTJIYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZATPKSSOFSKEHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(nitromethyl)cyclohexane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)CC1(C[N+]([O-])=O)CCCCC1 ZATPKSSOFSKEHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SFCLUGLYUWEHFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dinitrobutane Chemical compound CCCC([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O SFCLUGLYUWEHFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXIFBSOJAOXBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dinitrodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O SXIFBSOJAOXBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HLUAPIYZVLAARK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dinitrohexane Chemical compound CCCCCC([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O HLUAPIYZVLAARK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1Cl RELMFMZEBKVZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCLAIJAGQWBGCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(nitromethyl)benzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1C[N+]([O-])=O QCLAIJAGQWBGCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLKYKLNZVULGQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-3,4-dinitrobenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1C VLKYKLNZVULGQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHCBGLKAGXVKHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-3,5-dinitrobenzene Chemical group CC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1C FHCBGLKAGXVKHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVHAWXWFPBPFOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-3-nitrobenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1C FVHAWXWFPBPFOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IBJDGNVJTZEYRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-4,5-dinitrobenzene Chemical group CC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1C IBJDGNVJTZEYRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFZKOYWDLDYELC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dimethyl-4-nitrobenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1C HFZKOYWDLDYELC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZUKQUVSCNEFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O IZUKQUVSCNEFMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRJHFRXVXJFQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dinitrocyclohexane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1CCCCC1[N+]([O-])=O HRJHFRXVXJFQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXGRXJVMQSSUGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dinitroethane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)CC[N+]([O-])=O UXGRXJVMQSSUGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNKFCDGEFCOQOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dinitronaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C21 XNKFCDGEFCOQOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWECFKSVQNZDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dinitropropane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C(C)C[N+]([O-])=O ZWECFKSVQNZDSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YREQWCBLUBNIOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(2-aminophenyl)urea Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1N YREQWCBLUBNIOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBWBRVBDAKCVTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(2-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)urea Chemical compound C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C)=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1C ZBWBRVBDAKCVTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDHQJGHQZCITBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)urea Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1C VDHQJGHQZCITBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZLBMMPGNZXIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(2-nitrophenyl)urea Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O QZLBMMPGNZXIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAPWYRGGJSHAAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(4-aminophenyl)urea Chemical compound C1=CC(N)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MAPWYRGGJSHAAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACFLEQFZWCEQTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-bis(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)urea Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 ACFLEQFZWCEQTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUUSVHGZGPBZLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C)=C1[N+]([O-])=O XUUSVHGZGPBZLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDNAHHNWZYDYHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-2,5-dinitrobenzene Chemical group CC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC(C)=C1[N+]([O-])=O SDNAHHNWZYDYHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDFQKJQEWGVKCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1[N+]([O-])=O HDFQKJQEWGVKCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BYFNZOKBMZKTSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-5-nitrobenzene Chemical group CC1=CC(C)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 BYFNZOKBMZKTSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BFIIVLAODBYZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dinitrocyclohexane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1CCCC([N+]([O-])=O)C1 BFIIVLAODBYZJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITUGOFFBEXBDGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dinitropropane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)CCC[N+]([O-])=O ITUGOFFBEXBDGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCFSWYZFGJAUKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZCFSWYZFGJAUKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSFHJMGROOFSRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dimethyl-2-nitrobenzene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 BSFHJMGROOFSRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYFDQJRXFWGIBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 FYFDQJRXFWGIBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMQLKJIYYGOAGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dinitrocyclohexane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1CCC([N+]([O-])=O)CC1 LMQLKJIYYGOAGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQHQCZUODQEUMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobenzene Chemical group CC1=CC(C)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 SQHQCZUODQEUMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOWXIRIJHSFCRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dimethyl-2,4-dinitrobenzene Chemical group CC1=CC(C)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O FOWXIRIJHSFCRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUTCJXFCHHDFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-dinitronaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZUTCJXFCHHDFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZJAGRITSXTKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)-3-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)urea Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1C IZJAGRITSXTKDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICYAVTLDCAUVRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-amino-2-methylphenyl)-3-(2-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)urea Chemical compound CC1=C(N)C=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1C ICYAVTLDCAUVRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLRZYCHJMVELQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-amino-2-methylphenyl)-3-(3-amino-4-methylphenyl)urea Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(C)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1C CLRZYCHJMVELQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXWPPDJURCXECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-amino-2-methylphenyl)-3-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)urea Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC(N)=C1C XXWPPDJURCXECX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MSJFMIGMHPJEOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-amino-4-methylphenyl)-3-(4-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)urea Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(C)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(C)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 MSJFMIGMHPJEOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCHCXESEJLCUCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(3-amino-4-methylphenyl)-3-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)urea Chemical compound C1=C(N)C(C)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC(N)=CC=C1C DCHCXESEJLCUCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQUOJSAQCJNLTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-3-(2-methyl-3-nitrophenyl)urea Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1C BQUOJSAQCJNLTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NQEBZSNIHBHHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(5-amino-2-methylphenyl)-3-(2-methyl-5-nitrophenyl)urea Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1NC(=O)NC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1C NQEBZSNIHBHHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMAQZIILEGKYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 KMAQZIILEGKYQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTPNRXUCIXHOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloronaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(Cl)=CC=CC2=C1 JTPNRXUCIXHOKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001637 1-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- ALTGNKHNQHUIKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitro-10h-phenothiazine Chemical compound S1C2=CC=CC=C2NC2=C1C=CC=C2[N+](=O)[O-] ALTGNKHNQHUIKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXWVNAOIXKIIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitro-2-(2-nitrophenyl)sulfanylbenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1SC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O MXWVNAOIXKIIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NABSHCGXYOFMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitro-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)methyl]benzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1CC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O NABSHCGXYOFMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBDYKGMNMDIHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroanthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 JBDYKGMNMDIHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NALZTFARIYUCBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitrobutane Chemical compound CCCC[N+]([O-])=O NALZTFARIYUCBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOLOHAZKJYGKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitrodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[N+]([O-])=O GOLOHAZKJYGKKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMTCHMNYSSJHPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitrohexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]([O-])=O LMTCHMNYSSJHPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEYJIFXFOHFGCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitrohexane Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+]([O-])=O FEYJIFXFOHFGCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJKGJBPXVHTNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitronaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 RJKGJBPXVHTNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVALZCVRLDMXOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitropentane Chemical compound CCCCC[N+]([O-])=O BVALZCVRLDMXOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitropropane Chemical compound CCC[N+]([O-])=O JSZOAYXJRCEYSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BJAMBVUZPFZLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-dinitrobenzene Chemical group CC1=C(C)C([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O BJAMBVUZPFZLHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O DYSXLQBUUOPLBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMBFBMJGBANMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O RMBFBMJGBANMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZOJNADMDJQIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethyl-1,3-dinitrobenzene Chemical group CC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C(C)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 AZOJNADMDJQIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZIFAVKTNFCBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroethanol Chemical compound OCCCl SZIFAVKTNFCBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1Cl ISPYQTSUDJAMAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004182 2-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(Cl)=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- KZBOXYKTSUUBTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1,4-dinitrobenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O KZBOXYKTSUUBTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFCFJYRLBAANKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-nitroaniline Chemical compound CC1=C(N)C=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O HFCFJYRLBAANKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTTIQGSLJBWVIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1N XTTIQGSLJBWVIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCMRHMPITHLLLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-6-nitroaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1N FCMRHMPITHLLLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001622 2-naphthyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C2C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C([H])C2=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- DLURHXYXQYMPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitro-p-toluidine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 DLURHXYXQYMPLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPJCXCZTLWNFOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O DPJCXCZTLWNFOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJYJZEAJZXVAMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitronaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C21 ZJYJZEAJZXVAMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGLBSLMDCBOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitropropane Chemical compound CC(C)[N+]([O-])=O FGLBSLMDCBOPQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLAZTCDQAHEYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O PLAZTCDQAHEYBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCHYEKKJCUJAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propylphenol Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC=C1O LCHYEKKJCUJAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IICDIWXEZHHCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dinitropentane Chemical compound CCC(CC)([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O IICDIWXEZHHCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- INYDMNPNDHRJQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-dinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 INYDMNPNDHRJQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004179 3-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(Cl)=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- VDCZKCIEXGXCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-2-nitroaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N)=C1[N+]([O-])=O VDCZKCIEXGXCDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XPAYEWBTLKOEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-4-nitroaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(N)=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O XPAYEWBTLKOEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DZIJEXQVMORGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-5-nitroaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(N)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 DZIJEXQVMORGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJCVRTZCHMZPBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 XJCVRTZCHMZPBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZYHIOPPLUPUJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 QZYHIOPPLUPUJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDIIPKWHAQGCJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Amino-2-nitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O GDIIPKWHAQGCJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TYMLOMAKGOJONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitroaniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 TYMLOMAKGOJONV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPTVNYMJQHSSEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 ZPTVNYMJQHSSEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSBIJCMXAIKKKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-nitro-o-toluidine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1N DSBIJCMXAIKKKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical group C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPYHHZQJCSQRJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phloroglucinol Natural products CCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCC(=O)C1=C(O)C=C(O)C=C1O JPYHHZQJCSQRJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEOZKSCVXQEKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C]=O.C(C)O Chemical compound [C]=O.C(C)O KEOZKSCVXQEKDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940106691 bisphenol a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003262 carboxylic acid ester group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:2])OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*:1] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930003836 cresol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanol Chemical compound OC1CCCCC1 HPXRVTGHNJAIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKJLNMAFNRKWGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexatrienamine Chemical group NC1=CC=C=C[CH]1 UKJLNMAFNRKWGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JXCHMDATRWUOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisocyanatomethylbenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC(N=C=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 JXCHMDATRWUOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVAONLSZTBKFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanediol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(O)(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PVAONLSZTBKFKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- VYSYZMNJHYOXGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl n-aminocarbamate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)NN VYSYZMNJHYOXGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- TZMQHOJDDMFGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1,1-triol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)(O)O TZMQHOJDDMFGQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002346 iodo group Chemical group I* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000040 m-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C(=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- UNFUYWDGSFDHCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N monochlorocyclohexane Chemical compound ClC1CCCCC1 UNFUYWDGSFDHCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004971 nitroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IPVBXZMWDWJWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrocyclobutane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1CCC1 IPVBXZMWDWJWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJNQUTDUIPVROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrocyclohexane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1CCCCC1 NJNQUTDUIPVROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitroethane Chemical compound CC[N+]([O-])=O MCSAJNNLRCFZED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLZLOWPYUQHHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethylbenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VLZLOWPYUQHHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001209 o-nitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003854 p-chlorophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C([H])C([H])=C1Cl 0.000 description 1
- 125000000636 p-nitrophenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)[N+]([O-])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloroglucinol Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001553 phloroglucinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940079877 pyrogallol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003375 sulfoxide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
Description
æ¬çºæã¯ïŒ®ïŒNâ²âãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢ããã³å°ãªã
ãšãïŒã€ã®ããããã·ã«åºããå«ãææ©ååç©ã
ãã®ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã®æ¹è¯è£œæ³ã«é¢ããã 倧工æ¥èŠæš¡ã«ãããŠã¯ãææ©ã€ãœã·ã¢ããŒãã¯
å šè¬ã«å¯Ÿå¿ã¢ãã³ãšãã¹ã²ã³ãšãåå¿ãããããš
ã«ãã補é ãããããã¹ã²ã³ã¯ææ¯æ§ã§ããã
ãããã¹ã²ã³ã®äœ¿çšãå¿ èŠãšããªã倧èŠæš¡è£œé ã«
é©åãªææ©ã€ãœã·ã¢ããŒãåææ³ãèŠãåºãè©Šã¿
ãä¹ ãããªãããŠãããæ¯ãã®åŠãåæã®ïŒã€
ã¯ãææ©ãããååç©ãšäžé žåççŽ ããã³ææ©ã
ãããã·ã«ååç©ãšãåå¿ããŠå¯Ÿå¿ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã圢
æãããããã次ãã§ã€ãœã·ã¢ããŒããšãããã
ã·ã«åºå«æååç©ãšã«å解ããããšãããªããã
ã®å解ã¯äžéäœãšããŠåŸããããŠã¬ã¿ã³ã®æ¹è³ªã«
ããå è¡ããããšèããããããããã«äŸãã°ã
ãããã³ãŒã³ãäžé žåççŽ ããã³ãšã¿ããŒã«ãã
åŸããåŸãããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ããã«ã ã¢ã«ããã
ãšæåã«åå¿ãããŠïŒïŒ4â²âãžã€ãœã·ã¢ãããžã
ãšãã«ã¡ã¿ã³ã®ãã¹âãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã圢æããæ¯ãã
ãŠåŸãããäžéäœããšã¿ããŒã«ã®é€å»ã«ãã€ãŠã
ïŒïŒ4â²âãžã€ãœã·ã¢ãããžããšãã«ã¡ã¿ã³ã«è»¢å
ããããšãå¯èœã§ããã ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ãã察å¿ããã€ãœã·ã¢ããŒãããã³ã
ãããã·ã«ååç©ãžã®å解ã¯äŸãã°ç¬åœç¹èš±åºé¡
å ¬éå ¬å ±ç¬¬2421503å·ããã³ãã®äžã§è«ãããã
å è¡åè¡ç©ã«èšãããŠããã ç¹èš±æç®ã«èšèŒã®ãŠã¬ã¿ã³è£œæ³ãšããŠã¯ãç¬åœ
ç¹èš±åºé¡å ¬éå ¬å ±ç¬¬2343826å·ã第2614101å·ãã
ã³ç¬¬2623694å·ã«èšèŒã®åŠãã«ã»ã¬ã³ãŸãã¯ã»ã¬
ã³ååç©ã®ååšäžã«ãããããŸãã¯ç¬åœç¹èš±åºé¡
å ¬éå ¬å ±ç¬¬1568044å·ããã³ç¬¬2603574å·ã«èšèŒã®
åŠãã«ã«ãŠã€ã¹é žã®ååšäžã«ããã貎éå±ç¹ã«ã
ã©ãžãŠã ã®ååšäžã§ã®ãããååç©ãšäžé žåççŽ
ããã³ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®åå¿ãæããããã ã¢ããããååç©ã®è£œé ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãåå¿ã¯æ¬¡
ã®çè«åŒã«åŸã€ãŠé²è¡ããïŒ ïŒ²âNO2ïŒ3COïŒRâ²OHâRNHCO2Râ²ïŒ2CO2 äžè¬åå¿åŒã¯æ¬¡ã®åŠãã§ããïŒ ïŒ²ïŒNO2ïŒxïŒ3xCOïŒxRâ²OHâïŒNHCO2Râ²ïŒx
ïŒ2xCO2 ãããã¯ã補é ãããã¹ããŠã¬ã¿ã³åºïŒã¢ã«åœ
ãïŒã¢ã«ã®äžé žåççŽ ãæ¶è²»ããããããŠïŒã¢ã«
ã®äºé žåççŽ ã圢æãããããšãæå³ãããåŸã€
ãŠå·¥çšã«æå ¥ãããäžé žåççŽ ã®1/3ããŠã¬ã¿ã³
åºåœ¢æã®ããã«çšãããã2/3ãæè¡äžç¡çšãªäž
掻æ§äºé žåççŽ ã«è»¢åããããäºé žåççŽ ã®çºç±
圢æã«ãããŠå€§éã®ç±ãæŸåºããããããããã
ãååç©ãäžé žåççŽ ããã³ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ããã®æ¢
ç¥ã®å·¥æ¥çãŠã¬ã¿ã³åæã«ãããŠã¯é«äŸ¡ãªåå¿ç±
é€å»è£ 眮ãå¿ èŠãšãããã ç¹èš±æç®äŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2409712å·ããïŒ
Nâ²âãžã¢ã«ãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ãŸãã¯ïŒ®ïŒNâ²âãžã¢ãªãŒ
ã«ãŠã¬ã¢ãšã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšãåå¿ãããŠæ¬¡ã®åå¿åŒ
ã«åŸã€ãŠãŠã¬ã¿ã³ããã³ã¢ãã³ã補é ããããšã
ç¥ãããŠããïŒ RNHCONHRïŒRâ²OHâRNHCO2Râ²ïŒRNH2 ããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããŠã¯ããŠã¬ã¢äžã®ã¢ã«ã
ã«ãŸãã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã®1/2ã ãããŠã¬ã¿ã³ã«è»¢å
ãããä»ã®1/2ã¯éé¢ã¢ãã³ã«è»¢åãããã ä»ããåŸèšã®ç¹å®åå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã«ãŠãŠã¬ã¢ããã³
å°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ããããã·ã«åºãå«ãææ©åå
ç©ãäžé žåççŽ ã«ãããªãã·ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³
ïŒoxycarbonylationïŒã«äŸãããªãã°ãïŒNâ²â
ãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢ãå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ããããã·ã«åº
ãå«ãææ©ååç©ãšåå¿ãããŠãéé¢ã¢ãã³ãå
é¢ãããããšãªãã«ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã補é ã§ããïŒ
Nâ²âãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢ã«åºã¥ãåçãå®è³ªçã«ïŒå
ã«ãåŸãããšãå€æããã æ¬çºæã¯ãïŒNâ²âãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢ãšå°ãªããš
ãïŒã€ã®ããããã·ã«åºãå«ãææ©ååç©ãšã®å
å¿ã«ãããŠã¬ã¿ã³ã®è£œæ³ã«ãããŠããããã®åºçº
ååç©ãã (a) é žåå€ãšããŠã®ååé žçŽ ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯ææ©
ãããååç©ããã³ã (b) ïŒbaïŒå çŽ åšæç³»ã®ç¬¬ïŒäºæã®è²Žéå±ãã
ã³ïŒãŸãã¯è²Žéå±ååç©ããã³ïŒbbïŒFeãã
MnãMoããSbãCuããã³Ceã®å¡©åç©ãé ž
åç©ããã³ãªãã·ã¯ããªããããªã矀ããéžã°
ããååç©ããããªãè§Šåª ã®ååšäžã«ãããäžé žåççŽ ã«ãããªãã·ã«ã«ã
ãã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã«äŸããããšãç¹åŸŽãšãã補æ³ã«é¢
ããã æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã®ããã®åºçºææãšããŠçšããã
ãïŒNâ²âãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢ã¯ãææ©åºã§çœ®æãã
ããã®çš®ã®ãŠã¬ã¢ã®ãããã§ãã€ãŠãããããã
ãã¯ãŸããããåºãå«ãããšãã§ãããã®å Žåã«
ã¯ä»ã®ãããååç©ã®æ·»å ãçç¥ã§ãããããŠã
ããã¯å šè¬ã«88â500ã奜é©ã«ã¯212â330ã®åå
éãæãããåºçºææãšããŠã¯ãŸãå°ãªããšãïŒ
ã€ã®ããããã·ã«åºå«æã®ææ©ååç©ã®ããã
ããäŸãã°å šè¬ã«32â300ã奜é©ã«ã¯32â102ã®å
åéãæãã眮æèèªæãèç°åŒããã³ïŒãŸãã¯
è³éŠæã¢ãããããã·ã«ãŸãã¯ããªããããã·ã«
ååç©ãæããããã ïŒNâ²âãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢äžã®ææ©çœ®æåºã¯åäž
ã§ããããŸãã¯ç°ãªãããšãã§ããããããã¯è
èªæãèç°åŒãŸãã¯è³éŠæåºãäŸãã°ã¡ãã«ããš
ãã«ããšãã¬ã³ããããã«ãã€ãœãããã«ãïŒïŒ
ïŒâãããã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãããã¬ã³ãããã«ã
ã€ãœããã«ã第äºããã«ã第äžããã«ããã³ã
ã«ãããã·ã«ããããã«ããªã¯ãã«ããã·ã«ãã
ãã·ã«ãã»ãã«ãã·ã¯ããã³ãã«ãã·ã¯ãããã·
ã«ãããšãã«ãïœâããªã«ãïœâããªã«ãïœâã
ãªã«ãïœâã¯ããããšãã«ãïœâã¯ããããšã
ã«ãïœâã¯ããããšãã«ãïœâã¢ããããšãã«ã
ïœâã¢ããããšãã«ãïœâã¢ããããšãã«ãïœâ
ãããããšãã«ãïœâãããããšãã«ãïœâãã
ãããšãã«ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ã
ïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ãïŒâã¢ããâ
ïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ãïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ã
ãšãã«ãïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ãïŒâ
ãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ãïŒâãããã«ãïŒ
âãããã«ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâãããã«ããã³ïŒ
âãããâïŒâãããã«ã§ããåŸãã è³éŠæåºå«æã®ïŒ®ïŒNâ²âãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢äŸãã°
次ã®ïŒ®ïŒNâ²âãžã¢ãªãŒã«ãŠã¬ã¢ã奜ãŸããïŒïŒ®ïŒ
Nâ²âãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïœâã
ãªã«ïŒâãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïœâããªã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïœâã¢ããããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïœâã¢ããããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïœâãããããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡
ãã«ããšãã«ïŒâãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïŒâ
ã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒâãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒ
Nâ²âãžâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡
ãã«ããšãã«ïŒâãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïŒâ
ãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒâãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒ
Nâ²âãžâïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
ãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ã次ã®ãã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããïŒïŒ®ïŒNâ²â
ãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïœâããªã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïœâããªã«ïŒâãŠã¬
ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ã
ãšãã«ïŒâãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïŒâã¢ãã
âïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒâãŠã¬ã¢ããã³ïŒ®ïŒ
Nâ²âãžâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
ãŠã¬ã¢ããã³è³éŠæç°äžã§ã¢ãããŸãã¯ã¡ãã«çœ®
æããã察å¿ããäžæïŒNâ²âãžâ眮æãžã¢ãª
ãŒã«ãŠã¬ã¢ãããã³ãããã®ååç©ã®æ··åç©ã æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã®ããã®åºçºææããŠã¯ãŸããã
ããã·ã«åºå«æã®ææ©ååç©äŸãã°ïŒäŸ¡ãŸãã¯å€
䟡ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãŸãã¯ïŒäŸ¡ãŸãã¯å€äŸ¡ããšããŒã«ã
æãããããé©åãªã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšããŠã¯äŸãã°32
â300ã®ååéãæãããã®ãæããããããã
ããšããŠã¯ç·ç¶ãŸãã¯æåãïŒäŸ¡ãŸãã¯å€äŸ¡ã¢ã«
ã«ããŒã«ãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ã±ããŒã«ããã³ïŒäŸ¡ãŸãã¯å€
䟡ã®ã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ã«ããŒã«ãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ã±ããŒã«ãŸ
ãã¯ã¢ã«ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãæããããã ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã¯ãŸãäžæŽ»æ§çœ®æåºäŸãã°ããã²ã³
ååãã¹ã«ããã·ãåºãã¹ã«ãã³åºãã«ã«ããã«
åºãŸãã¯ã«ã«ãã³é žãšã¹ãã«åºããæãåŸãããš
ãŒãã«æ©ãæããã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãååãšããŠé©åã§
ãããé©åãªã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®äŸãšããŠã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã®ã
æããããïŒã¡ã¿ããŒã«ããšã¿ããŒã«ãïœâãã
ãããŒã«ãã€ãœãããããŒã«ãïœâãã¿ããŒã«ã
ïœâãã³ã¿ããŒã«ãïœâãããµããŒã«ãã·ã¯ãã
ããµããŒã«ããã³ãžã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãã¯ãããšã¿ã
ãŒã«ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ããžãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒ
ã«ããããã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ããžãããã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãã°ãªã»ããŒã«ããããµã³ããªãªãŒã«ããã³
ããªã¡ãããŒã«ãããã³ãççŽ æ°ååæ°ïŒâïŒã®
ïŒäŸ¡èèªæã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã奜é©ã«çšããããã é©åãªããšããŒã«ãšããŠã¯ç¹ã«ååéç¯å²94â
300以å ã®ãã®äŸãã°ããšããŒã«ãç°æ§äœã¯ãã
ããšããŒã«ãã¯ã¬ãŸãŒã«ããšãã«ããšããŒã«ãã
ããã«ããšããŒã«ãããã«ããšããŒã«ãŸãã¯é«çŽ
ã¢ã«ãã«ããšããŒã«ãããã«ãã³ãŒã«ãïŒïŒ4â²â
ãžããããã·âãžããšãã«ã¡ã¿ã³ããã¹ããšããŒ
ã«âãã¢ã³ã¹ã©ããŒã«ãããã³ã¹ã©ããŒã«ãã
ãã¬ããŒã«ãŸãã¯ãããã°ã«ã·ããŒã«ãæããã
ããåèšã«äŸç€ºãããã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã¯åèšã«äŸç€ºã
ããããšããŒã«ããã奜ãŸããããšã¿ããŒã«ã¯æ¬
çºæã®è£œæ³ã«çšããã®ã«ç¹ã«å¥œé©ãªããããã«å
åç©ã§ããã ææ©ããããã·ã«ååç©ã¯å šè¬ã«æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³
ã«ãããŠãåå¿æ··åç©ã圢æãããã¹ãåãŠã¬ã¿
ã³åºåœãïŒâ100ã®ããããã·ã«åºãå«ããããª
éã«ãŠçšããããããããã·ã«ååç©ã®æèŠéã
èšç®ããæã«ã¯ãã¢ãã眮æãŠã¬ã¢ãçšããå Žå
ãŸãã¯ãããååç©ãåå¿æ··åç©äžã«åããå Žå
ã«ãã¢ããããã³ãããåºããŠã¬ã¿ã³åºã«è»¢åã
ããŠããŠã¬ã¢ïŒã¢ã«åœãããã³çè«çåå¿ã«ãã
ãã¢ãããŸãã¯ãããåºïŒã¢ã«åœãïŒåœéã®ãã
ããã·ã«åºãå¿ èŠãšãããããšãèæ ®ã«å ¥ããã¹
ãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã«ãããä»ã®åå¿äœããŠäžé žåç
çŽ ãçšããããããã®åºçºææã¯å šè¬ã«è£œé ãã
ãã¹ããŠã¬ã¿ã³ïŒã¢ã«åœãïŒâ30ã¢ã«ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãã
éã«ãŠçšãããããã®éãèšç®ããæã«ã¯ãçè«
çåå¿ã«ãããŠåå¿æ··åç©äžã«ååšãããŠã¬ã¢ïŒ
ã¢ã«ããã³ã¢ãããŸãã¯ãããåºïŒã¢ã«åœãïŒã¢
ã«ã®äžé žåççŽ ãå¿ èŠãšãããããšãèæ ®ã«å ¥ã
ãã¹ãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«åŸãåå¿ã¯(a)é žåå€ããã³(b)觊åªã®å
åšäžã«å®æœãããã 䜿çšãããé žåå€ã¯çŽç²ãªåœ¢ã®ãŸãã¯çªçŽ ãäº
é žåççŽ ã®åŠãäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ãšæ··åç©ã®åœ¢ã®ååé ž
çŽ ãäŸãã°ç©ºæ°ã®åœ¢ã®ååé žçŽ ã§ããåŸããäŸã
ã°ååé žçŽ ã®ååšäžã§ã¯ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãš
ã³ã¯æ¬¡ã®åå¿åŒã«åŸã€ãŠé²è¡ããïŒR1ã¯R2ãšç°
ãªãåŸãããR1ããã³R2ã¯å¥œé©ã«ã¯åäžã§ã
ãïŒïŒ R1NHCONHR2ïŒïŒïŒ202ïŒCOïŒ2Râ²OHâ
R1NHCO2Râ²ïŒR2NHCO2Râ²ïŒH2O ææ©ãããååç©ã奜é©ãªé žåå€ã§ãããåºç¯
å²ãªãããååç©ã®ããããã䜿çšãåŸãããªã
ã·ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã®æ¡ä»¶äžã§ã¯ããããã¯ãŸ
ãäŸãã°æ¬¡ã®åå¿åŒã«åŸã€ãŠãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã«è»¢åãã
ãïŒ 2R1NHCONHR2ïŒR3NO2ïŒ3CO5Râ²OHâ
2R1NHCO2Râ²ïŒ2R2NHCO2Râ²ïŒ
R3NHCO2Râ²ïŒ2H2O 察称ïŒNâ²âãžã¢ãªãŒã«ãŠã¬ã¢ã®åå¿ãããŠ
ã¬ã¢ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãšåãã¢ãªãŒã«åºãæããè³éŠ
æãããååç©ã®ååšäžã«å®æœããã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸ
ããããã®å Žåã«ã¯ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã¯
次ã®åŒã«åŸã€ãŠé²è¡ããŠåäžãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã圢æã
ãã 2RNHCONHRïŒRNO2ïŒ3COïŒ5Râ²OHâ
5RNHCO2Râ²ïŒ2H2O åäžé žåå€ãšããŠææ©ãããååç©ãçšããå Ž
åã®æé©åçãåŸãããã«ããŠã¬ã¢ååç©ããã³
ãããååç©ã®éã¯å¥œé©ã«ã¯åå¿æ··åç©äžã®ãã
ãåºïŒã¢ã«åœãïŒã¢ã«ã®ãŠã¬ã¢ãæäŸããããã«
èšç®ãããããããã¢ãã³çœ®æãŠã¬ã¢ãçšããå Ž
åã«ã¯ãã¢ããåºããŠã¬ã¿ã³åºã«è»¢åããããã«
ã¢ããåºïŒã¢ã«åœã1/2ã¢ã«ã®ãããåºãä»å ç
ã«å¿ èŠã§ããããšãèæ ®ããªããã°ãªããªããã
ãã眮æãŠã¬ã¢ãçšããå Žåã«ã¯ãç¡è«ãååšã
ããããåºã®éããŠã¬ã¿ã³ãžã®çè«ç転åã®ãã
ã«å åã§ããããšãæ¡ä»¶ã«ãä»å çé žåå€ãæäŸ
ããå¿ èŠãããã åäžã®é žåå€ãšããŠååé žçŽ ãçšããå Žåã«
ã¯ãæé©åçãåŸãããã«åèšã®åå¿åŒã«ãããŠ
ãŠã¬ã¢ïŒã¢ã«åœãå°ãªããšã1/2ã¢ã«ã®é žçŽ ãå
åšããã¢ããåºãååšããå Žåã«ã¯ã¢ããåºïŒã¢
ã«åœãå°ãªããšã1/2ã¢ã«ã®é žçŽ ãå©çšããåŸã
ããã«ããå¿ èŠããããé žçŽ ã¯éå°éã«ãŠçšãã
ãåŸãããããåœéããå°éã§ã¯åçãäžããã
çªçŽ ãäºé žåççŽ ã®åŠãäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ããé žçŽ ãšäº
é žåççŽ ã®æ··åç©ãŸãã¯é žçŽ ãšã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®æ··
åç©ã®ççºã®å±éºæ§ãªãã«åå¿ãå®æœãåŸããã
ãªéã«ãŠæ·»å ããã®ãåŸçã§ãããäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ã
æ·»å ããªãå Žåã«ã¯ãäžé žåççŽ ãšã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«æ
åãšã®ççºæ§æ··åç©ã®åœ¢æãåé¿ããããã«é žçŽ
䜿çšéãèšç®ãã¹ãã§ãããååé žçŽ ã¯å¥œé©ã«ã¯
空æ°ãŸãã¯ç©ºæ°ãšçªçŽ ãšã®æ··åç©ã®åœ¢ã«ãŠäœ¿çšã
ããã é žçŽ ããã³ãããååç©ãç¡è«é žåå€ãšããŠäž
ç·ã«äœ¿çšãåŸãããã®å Žåã«ã¯ç¡è«ãããååç©
ãçè«éããå°éã«ãŠäœ¿çšãåŸããç¡è«ãé žåå€
ãéå°éæ·»å ããããšãã§ããæ¯ãããŠãããå
åç©ãçšããããæã«ã¯ãŠã¬ã¢ãšãããåºãšã®ã¢
ã«æ¯ïŒïŒïŒãªããïŒïŒïŒãç¹ã«1.5ïŒïŒãªãã
2.5ïŒïŒãæã奜é©ã«ã¯1.8ïŒïŒãªãã2.2ïŒïŒãæ
äŸããéã«ãŠããããæ·»å ãåŸããšå šè¬çã«èšã
ãã æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã®ããã«çšãããããããååç©
ã¯ãå šè¬çã«61â400ã奜é©ã«ã¯123â262ã®åå
éãæãå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®èèªæçã«ãèç°åŒã«
ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯è³éŠæçã«çµåããããããåºã
æããææ©ååç©ã®ããããã§ããåŸãã é©åãªè³éŠæãããååç©ã®äŸãšããŠã¯æ¬¡ã®ã
ã®ãæããããïŒããããã³ãŒã³ãïœâãžããã
ãã³ãŒã³ãïœâãžããããã³ãŒã³ãïœâãžããã
ãã³ãŒã³ãïœâã¯ããããããã³ãŒã³ãïœâã¯ã
ãããããã³ãŒã³ãïœâã¯ããããããã³ãŒã³ã
ïœâããããã«ãšã³ãïœâããããã«ãšã³ãïœâ
ããããã«ãšã³ãïœâã¢ããâããããã³ãŒã³ã
ïœâã¢ããâããããã³ãŒã³ãïœâã¢ããâãã
ããã³ãŒã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâããããã«ãšã³ã
ïŒâã¢ããâïŒâããããã«ãšã³ãïŒâã¢ããâ
ïŒâããããã«ãšã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâãããã
ã«ãšã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâããããã«ãšã³ãïŒâ
ã¢ããâïŒâããããã«ãšã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâ
ããããã«ãšã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâããããã«ãš
ã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâããããã«ãšã³ãïŒâã¢ã
ãâïŒâããããã«ãšã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâãã
ããã«ãšã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã«ãšã³ãïŒïŒïŒ
âãžããããã«ãšã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã«ãš
ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã«ãšã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãã
ããã«ãšã³ãïŒâãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒâã
ããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒâãããâïœâãã·ã¬
ã³ãïŒâãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ããããâïœâã
ã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒ
ïŒâãžãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããã
âïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããâïœâãã·ã¬
ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããâïœ
âãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ã
ïŒïŒïŒâãžãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã
ããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒâãããããã¿ã¬ã³ãïŒ
âãããâããã¿ã¬ã³ããžãããããã¿ã¬ã³ãã
ããã¢ã³ãã©ã»ã³ããããâãžããšãã«ããã¹â
ïŒãããããšãã«ïŒâã¡ã¿ã³ããã¹âïŒãããã
ãšãã«ïŒâããªãšãŒãã«ãã¹âïŒãããããšã
ã«ïŒâã¹ã«ãã³ãããããžããšããã·ã¢ã«ã«ã³ã
ããã³ãããããšããã¢ãžã³ã é©åãªèç°åŒãããååç©ãšããŠã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã®ã
æããããïŒãããã·ã¯ããã¿ã³ããããã¯ãã
ã³ã¿ã³ããããã·ã¯ããããµã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãã
ãã·ã¯ããããµã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããâã·ã¯ãã
ããµã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããã·ã¯ããããµã³ããã
ã³ãã¹âïŒãããã·ã¯ãããã·ã«ïŒâã¡ã¿ã³ã ãããã¢ã«ã«ã³ã®äŸãšããŠã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã®ãæãã
ããïŒãããã¡ã¿ã³ãããããšã¿ã³ãïŒâããã
ãããã³ãïŒâããããããã³ãããããã¿ã³ã
ããããã³ã¿ã³ãããããããµã³ãããããã«
ã³ããããã»ã¿ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããšã¿ã³ã
ïŒïŒïŒâãžããããããã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããã
ããã³ããžããããã¿ã³ããžããããã³ã¿ã³ããž
ããžãããããµã³ããžããããã«ã³ãããšãã«ã
ããã¡ã¿ã³ããã¹âïŒãããã¡ãã«ïŒâã·ã¯ãã
ããµã³ããã¹âïŒãããã¡ãã«ïŒâãã³ãŒã³ãã
ãã³Ïâãããã«ã«ãã³é žãããªã«ã åèšã®çš®é¡ã®è³éŠæãããååç©ãæ¬çºæã®è£œ
æ³ã®ããã«å¥œãŸããã次ã®ãã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããïŒ
ããããã³ãŒã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã³ãŒã³ã
ïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã³ãŒã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããã
ã«ãšã³ããã³ïŒïŒïŒâãžãããããã¿ã¬ã³ã æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã®ããã«çšãããã觊åªç³»(b)ã¯ã
ïŒbaïŒäž»æåãšããŠã®å çŽ åšæç³»ã®ç¬¬ïŒäºæã®è²Ž
éå±ããã³ïŒbbïŒå©è§Šåªæåãå«ãã 觊åªæåïŒbaïŒã¯å çŽ åšæç³»ã®ç¬¬ïŒäºæã®é
é¢è²Žéå±ãŸãã¯åå¿æ··åç©ã«å¯æº¶ãªãããã®éå±
ã®ååç©ã§ããã貎éå±ã¯æã奜é©ã«ã¯åå¿æ··å
ç©ã«å¯æº¶ãªååç©ãäŸãã°å¡©åç©ãèåç©ãæ²å
ç©ãã¯ããé¯äœãããã¢é¯äœããšãŒãé¯äœãé ¢é ž
å¡©ãã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãããã³ä»ã®å¯æº¶æ§è²Žé
å±ååç©ããŠæ·»å ããããé©åãªè²Žéå±ãšããŠã¯
RuïŒRhïŒPdïŒOsïŒIrããã³Ptãæããããã奜
é©ãªè²Žéå±ã¯ãã©ãžãŠã ããã³ããžãŠã ã§ããã
ç¹ã«å¯æº¶æ§å¡©åãã©ãžãŠã ã®åœ¢ã®ãã©ãžãŠã ãç¹
ã«å¥œãŸãããæ·»å ããã溶å€ãå«ãåå¿æ··åç©ã«
åºã¥ã奜é©ãªæ¿åºŠã¯ã貎éå±ãšããŠèšç®ããŠå šè¬
ã«0.0001â0.1ééïŒ ãç¹ã«0.001â0.01ééïŒ ã§
ããã貎éå±ãäœæ¿åºŠã«ãŠçšããå Žåã«ã¯åå¿é
床ã¯éåžžã«äœããªããããäžå±€é«æ¿åºŠã«ãŠè²Žéå±
ã䜿çšããããšãã§ããããæ¿åºŠãããã«å¢ããŠ
ããŠã¬ã¿ã³åçã¯å¢ããªããã貎éå±ã®æ倱ã®ã
ãã«äžçµæžã§ããã å©è§ŠåªïŒbbïŒã¯ãåå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã«ãŠã¬ããã¯ã¹
åå¿ã§ããååç©ã§ãã€ãŠãåå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã«ãŠã¬ã
ãã¯ã¹åå¿ãåŸãå çŽ ããåŸãããååç©ïŒåå
ç©ïŒbaïŒãšã¯ç°ãªããïŒã®ããããã§ããåŸãå³
ã¡FeããMnãMoããSbãCuããã³Ceã®å¡©
åç©ãé žåç©ããã³ãªãã·ã¯ããªããããªã矀ã
ãéžã°ããååç©ã§ãããé žåç©ãçšããå Žåã«
ã¯ã奜é©ã«ã¯æãçš®ã®æŽ»æ§åå¡©åç©ãæ·»å ãã
ãã é©åãªå©è§Šåªã®äŸãšããŠã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã®ãæããã
ãïŒé ïŒïŒå¡©åç©ããããžãŠã ïŒïŒå¡©åç©ã
ã¢ãªããã³ïŒïŒå¡©åç©ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ïŒïŒå¡©
åç©ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ïŒïŒå¡©åç©ããã³ã¬ã³
ïŒïŒå¡©åç©ãéïŒïŒå¡©åç©ãéïŒïŒå¡©åç©ã
éãªãã·ã¯ããªããé ïŒïŒé žåç©ãäºé žåãã
ãžãŠã ãäžé žåã¢ãªããã³ãäžé žåã¿ã³ã¹ãã³ã
äºé žåãã³ã¬ã³ãéïŒïŒé žåç©ãéïŒïŒé žå
ç©ãäŸãã°Î±âFe2O3ãŸãã¯Î³âFe2O3ãæ°Žåé
ïŒïŒé žåç©äŸãã°Î±âFeOâOHãŸãã¯Î²â
FeOâOHãããã³éã¹ããã«Fe3O4ã ç¹ã«å¥œé©ãªå©è§ŠåªãšããŠã¯ãéïŒïŒå¡©åç©ã
éïŒïŒå¡©åç©ãéãªãã·ã¯ããªãããã³äžäŸ¡é
ã®é žåç©ããã³æ°Žåé žåç©ãæããããã åå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã«ãŠãã°ãã°å®å šã«äžæŽ»æ§ã§ããå
èšã®é žåç©ãçšããå Žåã«ã¯æŽ»æ§åå¡©åç©ããçš
ããå¿ èŠãããããããã¯ãå¡©åç©ã®åœ¢ã«ãŠã¢ã
ãªã³çã«çµåããå¡©çŽ ãå«ã¿ããããŠåå¿æ¡ä»¶äž
ã«ãŠåèšã®é žåç©ãšåå¿ããŠããããå°ãªããšã
éšåçã«å¯Ÿå¿å¡©åç©ãŸãã¯ãªãã·ã¯ããªãã«è»¢å
ãåŸãååç©ã§ãããé©åãªæŽ»æ§åå¡©åç©ãšããŠ
ã¯äŸãã°ãååé59â300ã®ç¬¬äžã¢ãã³ã®å¡©é žå¡©ã
眮æåºã奜é©ã«ã¯äœ¿çšãŠã¬ã¢ã®çœ®æåºãšåäžã§ã
ã第äžã¢ãã³ã®å¡©é žå¡©ãäŸãã°ãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢
ã䜿çšããå Žåã®ã¢ããªã³å¡©é žå¡©ãããã³å¡©åæ°Ž
çŽ ãéïŒïŒå¡©åç©ãã³éïŒïŒå¡©åç©é¯äœãæ
ããããã次ã®ãã®ãç¹ã«é©åã§ããïŒããªãžã³
å¡©é žå¡©ãã¢ããªã³å¡©é žå¡©ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¢ãããã«
ãšã³ã®å¡©é žå¡©ãå¡©åæ°ŽçŽ ãéïŒïŒå¡©åç©ããã
ã³éïŒïŒå¡©åç©ã®é¯äœãæåŸã«èšèŒã®ç¹ã«å¥œé©
ãªæŽ»æ§åå¡©åç©ãšãäžäŸ¡éã®é žåç©ããã³æ°Žåé ž
åç©ãšã®çµåããç¹ã«äŸ¡å€ããå©è§ŠåªïŒbbïŒã§
ããã æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã«çšãããã掻æ§åå¡©åç©å«æå©
觊åªã®äœ¿çšæ¿åºŠã¯ã䜿çšæº¶å€ãå«ãåå¿æ··åç©ã«
åºã¥ããŠå šè¬ã«0.1â20ééïŒ ã奜é©ã«ã¯ïŒâïŒ
ééïŒ ã§ããã掻æ§åå¡©åç©ãå¿ èŠãªå Žåã«ã¯ã
ãããã¯å šè¬ã«0.05â10ééïŒ ã奜é©ã«ã¯0.1â
2.5ééïŒ ã®éã«ãŠçšããããã åå¿ã¯æº¶å€ã®ååšäžãŸãã¯äžåšäžã«ãŠå®æœãã
åŸããå šè¬çã«ã奜é©ã«ã¯éå°éã«ãŠçšãããã
ææ©ããããã·ã«ååç©ã溶å€ãšããŠäœçšããã
ããããäžæŽ»æ§æº¶å€ãå šåå¿æ··åç©ã«å¯ŸããŠ80é
éïŒ ãŸã§ã®éã«ãŠçšããããšãå¯èœã§ããã䜿çš
溶å€ãéå°éã«ãŠçšããããããããã·ã«ååç©
ã§ãããäžæŽ»æ§æº¶å€ã§ããããåããã溶å€ã®äœ¿
çšéã¯ã蚱容ã§ããªãçšåºŠã®æž©åºŠäžæãªãã«çºç±
æ§ãŠã¬ã¿ã³åœ¢æåå¿ã®ç±ãé€å»ã§ãããããªå·¥å
ã«èšéãããªããã°ãªããªããåŸã€ãŠå šè¬çã«æ¬
çºæã®è£œæ³ã¯ã溶å€ãå«ããå šåå¿æ··åç©ã«åºã¥
ããŠïŒâ50ééïŒ ã奜é©ã«ã¯ïŒâ20ééïŒ ã®ãŠã¬
ã¢ååç©æ¿åºŠãããã³ïŒâ20ééïŒ ã奜é©ã«ã¯ïŒ
â10ééïŒ ã®æ¿åºŠã®é žåå€ãšããŠã®ææ©ãããå
åç©ãçšããŠå®æœãããã 溶å€ã¯ãåå¿æåããã³è§Šåªç³»ã«å¯ŸããŠäžæŽ»æ§
ã§ããã¹ãã§ãããããŠäŸãã°ããã²ã³ã«ãã眮
æãããŠãããè³éŠæãèç°åŒããã³èèªæçå
æ°ŽçŽ ã§ãããæ¯ãã®åŠã溶å€ã®äŸãšããŠã¯ãã³ãŒ
ã³ããã«ãšã³ããã·ã¬ã³ãã¯ãããã³ãŒã³ããžã¯
ãããã³ãŒã³ãããªã¯ãããã³ãŒã³ãã¯ãããã
ã¿ã¬ã³ãã·ã¯ããããµã³ãã¡ãã«ã·ã¯ããããµ
ã³ãã¯ããã·ã¯ããããµã³ãã¡ãã¬ã³ã¯ããªãã
åå¡©åççŽ ãããã©ã¯ãããšã¿ã³ãããªã¯ãã«ã
ãªãã«ãªããšã¿ã³ããã³é¡äŒŒååç©ãæããã
ãã åå¿æž©åºŠã¯å šè¬çã«100ââçŽ300âãç¹ã«130
ââ250âãæã奜é©ã«ã¯140ââ220âã§ããã å§åã¯æ¶²çžã®å§åãåžžã«ä¿èšŒãããããŠå šè¬ç
ã«åå¿æž©åºŠã«ãŠïŒâ500ããŒã«ãæã奜é©ã«ã¯30
â300ããŒã«ã§ããããã«å¶éãããã䜿çšç¬¬äž
ã¢ãã³ããã³ããããã·ååç©ããã³ææ©ããã
ååç©ã«äŸåããŠãå®éç転åã«å¿ èŠãªåå¿æž©åºŠ
ã¯æ°åãªããæ°æéã§ããã ãŠã¬ã¢ãšããããã·ååç©ãäžé žåççŽ ããã³
é žåå€ãšã«ãããŠã¬ã¿ã³åœ¢æåå¿ã¯é£èªçã«ãŸã
ã¯ãããæ³ã«ããå®æœããåŸãã ãããæ³åå¿ã¯é«å§ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãå ã«ãŠå°é
ã®å質溶解ããã貎éå±ããã³å åãªéå°éã®è§Š
åªãçšããŠãå¿ èŠãªãã°æŽ»æ§åå¡©åç©ã®ååšäžã«
å®æœããåŸããåå¿åªäœã«äžæº¶ãªååç©äŸãã°é ž
åéãŸãã¯æ°Žåé žåéã埮ç²ã®åœ¢ã«ãŠæ·»å ã§ãã
äžæ¹æŽ»æ§åæ·»å å€ãå質ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«æº¶æ¶²ã®åœ¢ã«ãŠ
æ·»å ãåŸããæªæº¶è§£ã®éå°éå©è§Šåªæåã¯åå¿æ··
åç©ã®æ¿ããæ¹æãŸãã¯ãã³ãã«ãã埪ç°ã«ãã€
ãŠååžããåŸããçºç±åå¿ã®ç±ã¯å éšèšçœ®å·åŽè£
眮ã«ããããŸãã¯ãã³ã埪ç°ã®å Žåã«ã¯å€éšç±äº€
æåšã«ããé€å»ããåŸããåå¿çæç©ã®ä»äžãã
ãã³è§Šåªã®åŸªç°ã¯ãåå¿æ··åç©äžã«çãããŠã¬ã¿
ã³ã®å¯æº¶æ§ã«äŸåããŠãç°ãªãå·¥åã«å®æœããåŸ
ããæ溶ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã®å Žåã«ã¯ãäŸãã°äœæž©ã«ãŠé£
溶æ§ã®å©è§Šåªæ··åç©ã®æ®ãã©ãåžçãã©ãžãŠã ã
ãã³ææ©ã¢ãã³å¡©ã®æ®ãã©ãšäžç·ã«ãåå¿çæç©
ãããåå¿å®çµæã«äŸãã°éãŸãã¯é å¿åé¢ã«
ããåé¢ã§ããããããã®æåã¯æ¬¡ã«æ°ãã第äž
ã¢ãã³ãšããããã·ã«ååç©ãäžé žåççŽ ããã³
é žåå€ãšã®åå¿ã®ããã«äœ¿çšããåŸãã液äœåå¿
æ··åç©ã¯éåžžã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããäŸãã°åå¥èžçã«ã
ãã溶å€ãçŽç²ãªãŠã¬ã¿ã³ããã³ããããã°å°é
ã®å¯çæã«åé¢ããåŸãããã®åé¢ã¯é£ç¶çã«ãŸ
ãã¯ãããæ³ã«ãŠå®æœã§ãããèžçæ®æž£ã¯ãåå¿
æ··åç©ã«æº¶è§£ããå°éã®å©è§Šåªæåããã³ïŒãŸã
ã¯çè·¡éã®è²Žéå±ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯è²Žéå±ååç©ã
å«ã¿ããããã®ç©è³ªã¯æ°ããåå¿ã«æ»ããåŸãã ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã溶å€ãŸãã¯éå°éããããã·ååç©
äžã«å¯æº¶ã§ããå Žåã«ã¯ãåå¿æ··åç©ããæ¹è³ªã
ã圢æ ã«ãŠä»äžãåŸããäŸãã°é€å§åŸã«ãŠã¬ã¿ã³
ãå°ãŸã溶解ããäžæ¹è²Žéå±ïŒå©è§Šåªæ··åç©ã®è§Š
åªç³»ã倧éšåæ²æ®¿ãããããªé«ãããã枩床ã«ãŠ
å å§äžã«ãŠè§Šåªã®æ®ãã©ãéããŸãã¯é å¿åé¢
ããããã®åŸã枩床ãäžããããšã«ãã€ãŠãé£æº¶
æ§ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã¯ãä»»æçã«ã¯å°éã®é£æº¶æ§å¯çç©ã
ãã³æ®ç觊åªãšäžç·ã«ã§ãããããæ¶åºãããã
溶å€ãŸãã¯æº¶å€ãšããŠçšããããéå°éææ©ãã
ããã·ã«ååç©ã«å ããŠãå°éã®å¯çç©ã溶解ãŠ
ã¬ã¿ã³ããã³æããã¯æº¶è§£ãããå©è§Šåªæåãå«
ãæ¯æ¶²ã¯ã次ã«åã®åå¿ã«ãããŠæ¶è²»ãããéã®
第äžã¢ãã³ãããããã·ã«ååç©ããã³æ瀺ãã
ãå Žåã®é žåå€ãšããŠã®ãããååç©ãæ·»å ã
ãŠãããããã·ååç©ãäžé žåççŽ ããã³é žåå€
ã«ãã第äžã¢ãã³ã®ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã«
çŽæ¥æ»ãããããšãã§ãããŸãã¯ããã«å«ãŸãã
äœæ²žç¹å¯çç©ãæåã«äŸãã°èžçã«ãã€ãŠé€å»ã
åŸããçµæ¶åã«ãã€ãŠé€å»ããåŸãªãé«æ²žç¹å¯ç
ç©ã¯ãæ¯æ¶²ã®ã¢ãªã³ãŒãéšåïŒaliquote
portionïŒãèžçã«ããä»äžããããšã«ãã€ãŠèž
çæ®æž£ãšããŠå埪ç°æµããé£ç¶çã«é€å»ããåŸ
ããæ²æ®¿ããç²ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã¯ãäŸãã°é«ããããæž©
床ã«ãŠãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã溶解ãããå¯çæããã³è§Šåªæ®
枣ã溶解ããªã溶å€äŸãã°ã€ãœâãªã¯ã¿ã³ããã³
ãŒã³ããã«ãšã³ããã·ã¬ã³ãã¯ãããã³ãŒã³ããž
ã¯ãããã³ãŒã³ããã®çµæ¶åã«ããåçµæ¶ããã
ããåŸããé«ãããã枩床ã«ãŠäžæº¶æ§ã®æ®æž£ã¯ã
é žåã«ããäžæº¶æ§é žåç©äŸãã°é žåéããã³ãäž»
ã«äºé žåççŽ ãé žçŽ ãçªçŽ ããã³æããã¯ææ®çº
æ§ã®ææ©äžçŽç©ãããªãææ©äžçŽç©ããçããæ
ã¬ã¹ã«è»¢åããåŸããæã¬ã¹ã¯ããã®çµæã«äŸå
ããŠãçŽæ¥å€§æ°äžã«æŸåºã§ããŸãã¯æ®çäžçŽç©ã
é žåã«ããé€å»ããæ¥è§ŠåŸççŒã«äŸãåŸããå°ãŸ
ã å°éã®è²Žéå±ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯è²Žéå±ååç©ãå«
ã¿åŸãæ®æž£ããåŸãããé žåç©ååç©ã¯ãªãã·ã«
ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³å·¥çšã«æ»ãããã æªåå¿äžé žåççŽ ãäœæ²žç¹ææ©æåãå°éã®äº
é žåççŽ ãããã³é žåå€ãšããŠååé žçŽ ãçšãã
å Žåã®å°éã®æªåå¿é žçŽ ãããã³å°å ¥ãããäžæŽ»
æ§ã¬ã¹äŸãã°çªçŽ ãå«ã¿åŸããªãã·ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒ
ã·ãšã³ããåŸãããåå¿ã¬ã¹ã¯äŸãã°ãäœæ²žç¹æ
æ©å¯çç©ããã³æããã¯äºé žåççŽ ã®é€å»åŸã«å
å¿å§åã«å調ç¯ããããããŠæ¶è²»ãããéã®äžé ž
åççŽ ããã³æ瀺ãããå Žåã®ååé žçŽ ã眮æã
ãŠåå¿ã«æ»ããåŸãã é£ç¶çåå¿ã¯äžé£ã®å®¹åšäžã§ãåå¿ç®¡ç³»çµ±äž
ã§ãé 次é åããã幟ã€ãã®åå¿ã³ã€ã«äžã§ããŸ
ãã¯é 次é åãããïŒã€ãŸãã¯ãã以äžã®æç±å
å¿ç®¡å ã§ãŸãã¯æ°æ³¡å¡å ã§å®æœããåŸããç±ã¯äŸ
ãã°å·åŽã¢ã»ããªã«ããå éšçã«ãç±äº€æ管系統
ã«ããå€éšçã«ããŸãã¯åå¿æ··åç©ã®ç±å®¹éã«ã
ãæç±çã«ãããŠå€éšå·åŽè£ 眮å ã§ã®å·åŽã«ãã
é€å»ããåŸãã éžç¶çã«ãŸãã¯äžé£ç¶çã«åèšã®åŠãããã«ä»
äžããå®æœãåŸãã 察å¿ã€ãœã·ã¢ããŒã補é ã®ããã®äžéäœãšããŠ
ã®æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã®çæç©ã®å¥œé©ãªé©çšã«ãããŠ
ã¯ãããããçŽç²ãªåœ¢ã§è£œé ããããšã¯ãã°ãã°
äžå¿ èŠã§ããããŸãã觊åªã®éåŸã«ããã³æ瀺
ãããå Žåã«ã¯æº¶å€ãçåºãããåŸã«åŸãããç²
çæç©ãçšãããšå åã§ããåŸãã äžèšã®äŸã«ããæ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã説æããããäŸ
ã«ç€ºãããæ¡ä»¶ã«å¶éããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã äŸ äŸ ïŒ äžèšã®çµæã®åå¿æ··åç©250ïœã0.7ãªããã«ã®
ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãã«å°å ¥ããïŒ ïŒÃ10-3ééïŒ ã®å¡©åãã©ãžãŠã ã3.7ééïŒ
ã®éãªãã·ã¯ããªãã18.5ééïŒ ã®ïŒ®ïŒïŒ®âãžã
ãšããŠã¬ã¢ããã³77.8ééïŒ ã®ãšã¿ããŒã«ã100
ããŒã«ã®äžé žåççŽ ããã³20ããŒã«ã®ç©ºæ°ã宀枩
ã«ãŠéå ¥ããæ··åç©ã180âã«ãŠïŒæéåå¿ãã
ãã液äœåå¿çæç©ã®ã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã°ã©ãã€åæ
ã«ããã補æ³ã«çšãããããžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ã®è»¢
åçã98ïŒ ã§ããããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¿ã³éžæçã¯ãžã
ãšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ã«åºã¥ããŠ72ïŒ ãåå¿ãããããã
ãšã¿ããŒã«ã«åºã¥ããŠ98ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã äŸ ïŒ äŸïŒãšåãåå¿æ··åç©ãçšããäœãåã 100ã
ãŒã«ã®äžé žåççŽ ãã³20ããŒã«ã®ç©ºæ°ãïŒæéçš
ããŠïŒåºŠåå¿ãããåèšåå¿æéã¯180âã«ãŠïŒ
æéã§ãã€ãããžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢è»¢åçã¯99ïŒ ã§
ãããããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¿ã³éžæçã¯ãŠã¬ã¢ã«åºã¥ã
ãŠ88ïŒ ããšã¿ããŒã«ã«åºã¥ããŠ98ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã äŸ ïŒ äŸïŒãšåãæé ãçšããäœãå©è§ŠåªãšããŠÎ±â
Fe2O3ïŒ2.4ééïŒ ïŒãšã¢ããªã³å¡©é žå¡©ïŒïŒééïŒ ïŒ
ã®æ··åç©ãçšããããžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢è»¢åçã¯å®
éçã§ããããžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ã«åºã¥ããŠ80ã¢ã«
ïŒ ãåå¿ãããããããšã¿ããŒã«ã«åºã¥ããŠ98ã¢
ã«âã®ããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ãåŸãããã äŸ ïŒâïŒ é žåç©ããã³æŽ»æ§åå¡©åç©ã«åºã¥ãçš®ã ã®å©è§Š
åªãçšããå Žåã®åå¿çµæãäžèšã®è¡šã«ç€ºããå
å Žåã«0.7ãªããã«ã®ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãå ã«ãŠäžèš
ã®çµæã®æ··åç©250ïœãçšããïŒ 1.7Ã10-3ééïŒ ã®PdCl2ã2.4ééïŒ ã®ã¬ãã
ã¯ã¹åå¿å¯èœãªå¡©åç©ãïŒééïŒ ã®ã¢ããªã³å¡©é ž
å¡©ã13.5ééïŒ ã®ïŒ®ïŒïŒ®âãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ãã
ã³81.1ééïŒ ã®ãšã¿ããŒã«ãåå®éšã«ãããŠã
180âã«ãŠåã ïŒæéãã€ïŒåãæ··åç©ã100ããŒ
ã«ã®äžé žåççŽ ããã³20ããŒã«ã®ç©ºæ°ïŒå®€æž©ã«ãŠ
䜿çšïŒãšåå¿ãããïŒåå®éšã«ãããŠ180âã«ãŠ
åèšåå¿æéïŒæéïŒãäžèšã®è¡šã«æããçµæã
åŸãããã
ãšãïŒã€ã®ããããã·ã«åºããå«ãææ©ååç©ã
ãã®ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã®æ¹è¯è£œæ³ã«é¢ããã 倧工æ¥èŠæš¡ã«ãããŠã¯ãææ©ã€ãœã·ã¢ããŒãã¯
å šè¬ã«å¯Ÿå¿ã¢ãã³ãšãã¹ã²ã³ãšãåå¿ãããããš
ã«ãã補é ãããããã¹ã²ã³ã¯ææ¯æ§ã§ããã
ãããã¹ã²ã³ã®äœ¿çšãå¿ èŠãšããªã倧èŠæš¡è£œé ã«
é©åãªææ©ã€ãœã·ã¢ããŒãåææ³ãèŠãåºãè©Šã¿
ãä¹ ãããªãããŠãããæ¯ãã®åŠãåæã®ïŒã€
ã¯ãææ©ãããååç©ãšäžé žåççŽ ããã³ææ©ã
ãããã·ã«ååç©ãšãåå¿ããŠå¯Ÿå¿ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã圢
æãããããã次ãã§ã€ãœã·ã¢ããŒããšãããã
ã·ã«åºå«æååç©ãšã«å解ããããšãããªããã
ã®å解ã¯äžéäœãšããŠåŸããããŠã¬ã¿ã³ã®æ¹è³ªã«
ããå è¡ããããšèããããããããã«äŸãã°ã
ãããã³ãŒã³ãäžé žåççŽ ããã³ãšã¿ããŒã«ãã
åŸããåŸãããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ããã«ã ã¢ã«ããã
ãšæåã«åå¿ãããŠïŒïŒ4â²âãžã€ãœã·ã¢ãããžã
ãšãã«ã¡ã¿ã³ã®ãã¹âãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã圢æããæ¯ãã
ãŠåŸãããäžéäœããšã¿ããŒã«ã®é€å»ã«ãã€ãŠã
ïŒïŒ4â²âãžã€ãœã·ã¢ãããžããšãã«ã¡ã¿ã³ã«è»¢å
ããããšãå¯èœã§ããã ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ãã察å¿ããã€ãœã·ã¢ããŒãããã³ã
ãããã·ã«ååç©ãžã®å解ã¯äŸãã°ç¬åœç¹èš±åºé¡
å ¬éå ¬å ±ç¬¬2421503å·ããã³ãã®äžã§è«ãããã
å è¡åè¡ç©ã«èšãããŠããã ç¹èš±æç®ã«èšèŒã®ãŠã¬ã¿ã³è£œæ³ãšããŠã¯ãç¬åœ
ç¹èš±åºé¡å ¬éå ¬å ±ç¬¬2343826å·ã第2614101å·ãã
ã³ç¬¬2623694å·ã«èšèŒã®åŠãã«ã»ã¬ã³ãŸãã¯ã»ã¬
ã³ååç©ã®ååšäžã«ãããããŸãã¯ç¬åœç¹èš±åºé¡
å ¬éå ¬å ±ç¬¬1568044å·ããã³ç¬¬2603574å·ã«èšèŒã®
åŠãã«ã«ãŠã€ã¹é žã®ååšäžã«ããã貎éå±ç¹ã«ã
ã©ãžãŠã ã®ååšäžã§ã®ãããååç©ãšäžé žåççŽ
ããã³ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®åå¿ãæããããã ã¢ããããååç©ã®è£œé ã«ã€ããŠã¯ãåå¿ã¯æ¬¡
ã®çè«åŒã«åŸã€ãŠé²è¡ããïŒ ïŒ²âNO2ïŒ3COïŒRâ²OHâRNHCO2Râ²ïŒ2CO2 äžè¬åå¿åŒã¯æ¬¡ã®åŠãã§ããïŒ ïŒ²ïŒNO2ïŒxïŒ3xCOïŒxRâ²OHâïŒNHCO2Râ²ïŒx
ïŒ2xCO2 ãããã¯ã補é ãããã¹ããŠã¬ã¿ã³åºïŒã¢ã«åœ
ãïŒã¢ã«ã®äžé žåççŽ ãæ¶è²»ããããããŠïŒã¢ã«
ã®äºé žåççŽ ã圢æãããããšãæå³ãããåŸã€
ãŠå·¥çšã«æå ¥ãããäžé žåççŽ ã®1/3ããŠã¬ã¿ã³
åºåœ¢æã®ããã«çšãããã2/3ãæè¡äžç¡çšãªäž
掻æ§äºé žåççŽ ã«è»¢åããããäºé žåççŽ ã®çºç±
圢æã«ãããŠå€§éã®ç±ãæŸåºããããããããã
ãååç©ãäžé žåççŽ ããã³ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ããã®æ¢
ç¥ã®å·¥æ¥çãŠã¬ã¿ã³åæã«ãããŠã¯é«äŸ¡ãªåå¿ç±
é€å»è£ 眮ãå¿ èŠãšãããã ç¹èš±æç®äŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2409712å·ããïŒ
Nâ²âãžã¢ã«ãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ãŸãã¯ïŒ®ïŒNâ²âãžã¢ãªãŒ
ã«ãŠã¬ã¢ãšã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšãåå¿ãããŠæ¬¡ã®åå¿åŒ
ã«åŸã€ãŠãŠã¬ã¿ã³ããã³ã¢ãã³ã補é ããããšã
ç¥ãããŠããïŒ RNHCONHRïŒRâ²OHâRNHCO2Râ²ïŒRNH2 ããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããŠã¯ããŠã¬ã¢äžã®ã¢ã«ã
ã«ãŸãã¯ã¢ãªãŒã«åºã®1/2ã ãããŠã¬ã¿ã³ã«è»¢å
ãããä»ã®1/2ã¯éé¢ã¢ãã³ã«è»¢åãããã ä»ããåŸèšã®ç¹å®åå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã«ãŠãŠã¬ã¢ããã³
å°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ããããã·ã«åºãå«ãææ©åå
ç©ãäžé žåççŽ ã«ãããªãã·ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³
ïŒoxycarbonylationïŒã«äŸãããªãã°ãïŒNâ²â
ãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢ãå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®ããããã·ã«åº
ãå«ãææ©ååç©ãšåå¿ãããŠãéé¢ã¢ãã³ãå
é¢ãããããšãªãã«ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã補é ã§ããïŒ
Nâ²âãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢ã«åºã¥ãåçãå®è³ªçã«ïŒå
ã«ãåŸãããšãå€æããã æ¬çºæã¯ãïŒNâ²âãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢ãšå°ãªããš
ãïŒã€ã®ããããã·ã«åºãå«ãææ©ååç©ãšã®å
å¿ã«ãããŠã¬ã¿ã³ã®è£œæ³ã«ãããŠããããã®åºçº
ååç©ãã (a) é žåå€ãšããŠã®ååé žçŽ ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯ææ©
ãããååç©ããã³ã (b) ïŒbaïŒå çŽ åšæç³»ã®ç¬¬ïŒäºæã®è²Žéå±ãã
ã³ïŒãŸãã¯è²Žéå±ååç©ããã³ïŒbbïŒFeãã
MnãMoããSbãCuããã³Ceã®å¡©åç©ãé ž
åç©ããã³ãªãã·ã¯ããªããããªã矀ããéžã°
ããååç©ããããªãè§Šåª ã®ååšäžã«ãããäžé žåççŽ ã«ãããªãã·ã«ã«ã
ãã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã«äŸããããšãç¹åŸŽãšãã補æ³ã«é¢
ããã æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã®ããã®åºçºææãšããŠçšããã
ãïŒNâ²âãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢ã¯ãææ©åºã§çœ®æãã
ããã®çš®ã®ãŠã¬ã¢ã®ãããã§ãã€ãŠãããããã
ãã¯ãŸããããåºãå«ãããšãã§ãããã®å Žåã«
ã¯ä»ã®ãããååç©ã®æ·»å ãçç¥ã§ãããããŠã
ããã¯å šè¬ã«88â500ã奜é©ã«ã¯212â330ã®åå
éãæãããåºçºææãšããŠã¯ãŸãå°ãªããšãïŒ
ã€ã®ããããã·ã«åºå«æã®ææ©ååç©ã®ããã
ããäŸãã°å šè¬ã«32â300ã奜é©ã«ã¯32â102ã®å
åéãæãã眮æèèªæãèç°åŒããã³ïŒãŸãã¯
è³éŠæã¢ãããããã·ã«ãŸãã¯ããªããããã·ã«
ååç©ãæããããã ïŒNâ²âãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢äžã®ææ©çœ®æåºã¯åäž
ã§ããããŸãã¯ç°ãªãããšãã§ããããããã¯è
èªæãèç°åŒãŸãã¯è³éŠæåºãäŸãã°ã¡ãã«ããš
ãã«ããšãã¬ã³ããããã«ãã€ãœãããã«ãïŒïŒ
ïŒâãããã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãããã¬ã³ãããã«ã
ã€ãœããã«ã第äºããã«ã第äžããã«ããã³ã
ã«ãããã·ã«ããããã«ããªã¯ãã«ããã·ã«ãã
ãã·ã«ãã»ãã«ãã·ã¯ããã³ãã«ãã·ã¯ãããã·
ã«ãããšãã«ãïœâããªã«ãïœâããªã«ãïœâã
ãªã«ãïœâã¯ããããšãã«ãïœâã¯ããããšã
ã«ãïœâã¯ããããšãã«ãïœâã¢ããããšãã«ã
ïœâã¢ããããšãã«ãïœâã¢ããããšãã«ãïœâ
ãããããšãã«ãïœâãããããšãã«ãïœâãã
ãããšãã«ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ã
ïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ãïŒâã¢ããâ
ïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ãïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ã
ãšãã«ãïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ãïŒâ
ãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ãïŒâãããã«ãïŒ
âãããã«ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâãããã«ããã³ïŒ
âãããâïŒâãããã«ã§ããåŸãã è³éŠæåºå«æã®ïŒ®ïŒNâ²âãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢äŸãã°
次ã®ïŒ®ïŒNâ²âãžã¢ãªãŒã«ãŠã¬ã¢ã奜ãŸããïŒïŒ®ïŒ
Nâ²âãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïœâã
ãªã«ïŒâãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïœâããªã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïœâã¢ããããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïœâã¢ããããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïœâãããããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡
ãã«ããšãã«ïŒâãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïŒâ
ã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒâãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒ
Nâ²âãžâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡
ãã«ããšãã«ïŒâãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïŒâ
ãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒâãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒ
Nâ²âãžâïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
ãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãâïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ïŒâNâ²âïŒïŒâãããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ã次ã®ãã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããïŒïŒ®ïŒNâ²â
ãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïœâããªã«ïŒ
âãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïœâããªã«ïŒâãŠã¬
ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ã
ãšãã«ïŒâãŠã¬ã¢ãïŒNâ²âãžâïŒïŒâã¢ãã
âïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒâãŠã¬ã¢ããã³ïŒ®ïŒ
Nâ²âãžâïŒïŒâã¢ããâïŒâã¡ãã«ããšãã«ïŒ
ãŠã¬ã¢ããã³è³éŠæç°äžã§ã¢ãããŸãã¯ã¡ãã«çœ®
æããã察å¿ããäžæïŒNâ²âãžâ眮æãžã¢ãª
ãŒã«ãŠã¬ã¢ãããã³ãããã®ååç©ã®æ··åç©ã æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã®ããã®åºçºææããŠã¯ãŸããã
ããã·ã«åºå«æã®ææ©ååç©äŸãã°ïŒäŸ¡ãŸãã¯å€
䟡ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãŸãã¯ïŒäŸ¡ãŸãã¯å€äŸ¡ããšããŒã«ã
æãããããé©åãªã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšããŠã¯äŸãã°32
â300ã®ååéãæãããã®ãæããããããã
ããšããŠã¯ç·ç¶ãŸãã¯æåãïŒäŸ¡ãŸãã¯å€äŸ¡ã¢ã«
ã«ããŒã«ãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ã±ããŒã«ããã³ïŒäŸ¡ãŸãã¯å€
䟡ã®ã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ã«ããŒã«ãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ã±ããŒã«ãŸ
ãã¯ã¢ã«ã¢ã«ãã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãæããããã ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã¯ãŸãäžæŽ»æ§çœ®æåºäŸãã°ããã²ã³
ååãã¹ã«ããã·ãåºãã¹ã«ãã³åºãã«ã«ããã«
åºãŸãã¯ã«ã«ãã³é žãšã¹ãã«åºããæãåŸãããš
ãŒãã«æ©ãæããã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãååãšããŠé©åã§
ãããé©åãªã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã®äŸãšããŠã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã®ã
æããããïŒã¡ã¿ããŒã«ããšã¿ããŒã«ãïœâãã
ãããŒã«ãã€ãœãããããŒã«ãïœâãã¿ããŒã«ã
ïœâãã³ã¿ããŒã«ãïœâãããµããŒã«ãã·ã¯ãã
ããµããŒã«ããã³ãžã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãã¯ãããšã¿ã
ãŒã«ããšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ããžãšãã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒ
ã«ããããã¬ã³ã°ãªã³ãŒã«ããžãããã¬ã³ã°ãªã³
ãŒã«ãã°ãªã»ããŒã«ããããµã³ããªãªãŒã«ããã³
ããªã¡ãããŒã«ãããã³ãççŽ æ°ååæ°ïŒâïŒã®
ïŒäŸ¡èèªæã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã奜é©ã«çšããããã é©åãªããšããŒã«ãšããŠã¯ç¹ã«ååéç¯å²94â
300以å ã®ãã®äŸãã°ããšããŒã«ãç°æ§äœã¯ãã
ããšããŒã«ãã¯ã¬ãŸãŒã«ããšãã«ããšããŒã«ãã
ããã«ããšããŒã«ãããã«ããšããŒã«ãŸãã¯é«çŽ
ã¢ã«ãã«ããšããŒã«ãããã«ãã³ãŒã«ãïŒïŒ4â²â
ãžããããã·âãžããšãã«ã¡ã¿ã³ããã¹ããšããŒ
ã«âãã¢ã³ã¹ã©ããŒã«ãããã³ã¹ã©ããŒã«ãã
ãã¬ããŒã«ãŸãã¯ãããã°ã«ã·ããŒã«ãæããã
ããåèšã«äŸç€ºãããã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã¯åèšã«äŸç€ºã
ããããšããŒã«ããã奜ãŸããããšã¿ããŒã«ã¯æ¬
çºæã®è£œæ³ã«çšããã®ã«ç¹ã«å¥œé©ãªããããã«å
åç©ã§ããã ææ©ããããã·ã«ååç©ã¯å šè¬ã«æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³
ã«ãããŠãåå¿æ··åç©ã圢æãããã¹ãåãŠã¬ã¿
ã³åºåœãïŒâ100ã®ããããã·ã«åºãå«ããããª
éã«ãŠçšããããããããã·ã«ååç©ã®æèŠéã
èšç®ããæã«ã¯ãã¢ãã眮æãŠã¬ã¢ãçšããå Žå
ãŸãã¯ãããååç©ãåå¿æ··åç©äžã«åããå Žå
ã«ãã¢ããããã³ãããåºããŠã¬ã¿ã³åºã«è»¢åã
ããŠããŠã¬ã¢ïŒã¢ã«åœãããã³çè«çåå¿ã«ãã
ãã¢ãããŸãã¯ãããåºïŒã¢ã«åœãïŒåœéã®ãã
ããã·ã«åºãå¿ èŠãšãããããšãèæ ®ã«å ¥ããã¹
ãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã«ãããä»ã®åå¿äœããŠäžé žåç
çŽ ãçšããããããã®åºçºææã¯å šè¬ã«è£œé ãã
ãã¹ããŠã¬ã¿ã³ïŒã¢ã«åœãïŒâ30ã¢ã«ã«å¯Ÿå¿ãã
éã«ãŠçšãããããã®éãèšç®ããæã«ã¯ãçè«
çåå¿ã«ãããŠåå¿æ··åç©äžã«ååšãããŠã¬ã¢ïŒ
ã¢ã«ããã³ã¢ãããŸãã¯ãããåºïŒã¢ã«åœãïŒã¢
ã«ã®äžé žåççŽ ãå¿ èŠãšãããããšãèæ ®ã«å ¥ã
ãã¹ãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«åŸãåå¿ã¯(a)é žåå€ããã³(b)觊åªã®å
åšäžã«å®æœãããã 䜿çšãããé žåå€ã¯çŽç²ãªåœ¢ã®ãŸãã¯çªçŽ ãäº
é žåççŽ ã®åŠãäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ãšæ··åç©ã®åœ¢ã®ååé ž
çŽ ãäŸãã°ç©ºæ°ã®åœ¢ã®ååé žçŽ ã§ããåŸããäŸã
ã°ååé žçŽ ã®ååšäžã§ã¯ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãš
ã³ã¯æ¬¡ã®åå¿åŒã«åŸã€ãŠé²è¡ããïŒR1ã¯R2ãšç°
ãªãåŸãããR1ããã³R2ã¯å¥œé©ã«ã¯åäžã§ã
ãïŒïŒ R1NHCONHR2ïŒïŒïŒ202ïŒCOïŒ2Râ²OHâ
R1NHCO2Râ²ïŒR2NHCO2Râ²ïŒH2O ææ©ãããååç©ã奜é©ãªé žåå€ã§ãããåºç¯
å²ãªãããååç©ã®ããããã䜿çšãåŸãããªã
ã·ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã®æ¡ä»¶äžã§ã¯ããããã¯ãŸ
ãäŸãã°æ¬¡ã®åå¿åŒã«åŸã€ãŠãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã«è»¢åãã
ãïŒ 2R1NHCONHR2ïŒR3NO2ïŒ3CO5Râ²OHâ
2R1NHCO2Râ²ïŒ2R2NHCO2Râ²ïŒ
R3NHCO2Râ²ïŒ2H2O 察称ïŒNâ²âãžã¢ãªãŒã«ãŠã¬ã¢ã®åå¿ãããŠ
ã¬ã¢ã®ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãšåãã¢ãªãŒã«åºãæããè³éŠ
æãããååç©ã®ååšäžã«å®æœããã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸ
ããããã®å Žåã«ã¯ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã¯
次ã®åŒã«åŸã€ãŠé²è¡ããŠåäžãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã圢æã
ãã 2RNHCONHRïŒRNO2ïŒ3COïŒ5Râ²OHâ
5RNHCO2Râ²ïŒ2H2O åäžé žåå€ãšããŠææ©ãããååç©ãçšããå Ž
åã®æé©åçãåŸãããã«ããŠã¬ã¢ååç©ããã³
ãããååç©ã®éã¯å¥œé©ã«ã¯åå¿æ··åç©äžã®ãã
ãåºïŒã¢ã«åœãïŒã¢ã«ã®ãŠã¬ã¢ãæäŸããããã«
èšç®ãããããããã¢ãã³çœ®æãŠã¬ã¢ãçšããå Ž
åã«ã¯ãã¢ããåºããŠã¬ã¿ã³åºã«è»¢åããããã«
ã¢ããåºïŒã¢ã«åœã1/2ã¢ã«ã®ãããåºãä»å ç
ã«å¿ èŠã§ããããšãèæ ®ããªããã°ãªããªããã
ãã眮æãŠã¬ã¢ãçšããå Žåã«ã¯ãç¡è«ãååšã
ããããåºã®éããŠã¬ã¿ã³ãžã®çè«ç転åã®ãã
ã«å åã§ããããšãæ¡ä»¶ã«ãä»å çé žåå€ãæäŸ
ããå¿ èŠãããã åäžã®é žåå€ãšããŠååé žçŽ ãçšããå Žåã«
ã¯ãæé©åçãåŸãããã«åèšã®åå¿åŒã«ãããŠ
ãŠã¬ã¢ïŒã¢ã«åœãå°ãªããšã1/2ã¢ã«ã®é žçŽ ãå
åšããã¢ããåºãååšããå Žåã«ã¯ã¢ããåºïŒã¢
ã«åœãå°ãªããšã1/2ã¢ã«ã®é žçŽ ãå©çšããåŸã
ããã«ããå¿ èŠããããé žçŽ ã¯éå°éã«ãŠçšãã
ãåŸãããããåœéããå°éã§ã¯åçãäžããã
çªçŽ ãäºé žåççŽ ã®åŠãäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ããé žçŽ ãšäº
é žåççŽ ã®æ··åç©ãŸãã¯é žçŽ ãšã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ãšã®æ··
åç©ã®ççºã®å±éºæ§ãªãã«åå¿ãå®æœãåŸããã
ãªéã«ãŠæ·»å ããã®ãåŸçã§ãããäžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹ã
æ·»å ããªãå Žåã«ã¯ãäžé žåççŽ ãšã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«æ
åãšã®ççºæ§æ··åç©ã®åœ¢æãåé¿ããããã«é žçŽ
䜿çšéãèšç®ãã¹ãã§ãããååé žçŽ ã¯å¥œé©ã«ã¯
空æ°ãŸãã¯ç©ºæ°ãšçªçŽ ãšã®æ··åç©ã®åœ¢ã«ãŠäœ¿çšã
ããã é žçŽ ããã³ãããååç©ãç¡è«é žåå€ãšããŠäž
ç·ã«äœ¿çšãåŸãããã®å Žåã«ã¯ç¡è«ãããååç©
ãçè«éããå°éã«ãŠäœ¿çšãåŸããç¡è«ãé žåå€
ãéå°éæ·»å ããããšãã§ããæ¯ãããŠãããå
åç©ãçšããããæã«ã¯ãŠã¬ã¢ãšãããåºãšã®ã¢
ã«æ¯ïŒïŒïŒãªããïŒïŒïŒãç¹ã«1.5ïŒïŒãªãã
2.5ïŒïŒãæã奜é©ã«ã¯1.8ïŒïŒãªãã2.2ïŒïŒãæ
äŸããéã«ãŠããããæ·»å ãåŸããšå šè¬çã«èšã
ãã æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã®ããã«çšãããããããååç©
ã¯ãå šè¬çã«61â400ã奜é©ã«ã¯123â262ã®åå
éãæãå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®èèªæçã«ãèç°åŒã«
ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯è³éŠæçã«çµåããããããåºã
æããææ©ååç©ã®ããããã§ããåŸãã é©åãªè³éŠæãããååç©ã®äŸãšããŠã¯æ¬¡ã®ã
ã®ãæããããïŒããããã³ãŒã³ãïœâãžããã
ãã³ãŒã³ãïœâãžããããã³ãŒã³ãïœâãžããã
ãã³ãŒã³ãïœâã¯ããããããã³ãŒã³ãïœâã¯ã
ãããããã³ãŒã³ãïœâã¯ããããããã³ãŒã³ã
ïœâããããã«ãšã³ãïœâããããã«ãšã³ãïœâ
ããããã«ãšã³ãïœâã¢ããâããããã³ãŒã³ã
ïœâã¢ããâããããã³ãŒã³ãïœâã¢ããâãã
ããã³ãŒã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâããããã«ãšã³ã
ïŒâã¢ããâïŒâããããã«ãšã³ãïŒâã¢ããâ
ïŒâããããã«ãšã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâãããã
ã«ãšã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâããããã«ãšã³ãïŒâ
ã¢ããâïŒâããããã«ãšã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâ
ããããã«ãšã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâããããã«ãš
ã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâããããã«ãšã³ãïŒâã¢ã
ãâïŒâããããã«ãšã³ãïŒâã¢ããâïŒâãã
ããã«ãšã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã«ãšã³ãïŒïŒïŒ
âãžããããã«ãšã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã«ãš
ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã«ãšã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãã
ããã«ãšã³ãïŒâãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒâã
ããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒâãããâïœâãã·ã¬
ã³ãïŒâãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ããããâïœâã
ã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒ
ïŒâãžãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããã
âïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããâïœâãã·ã¬
ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâ
ãžãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããâïœ
âãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ã
ïŒïŒïŒâãžãããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã
ããâïœâãã·ã¬ã³ãïŒâãããããã¿ã¬ã³ãïŒ
âãããâããã¿ã¬ã³ããžãããããã¿ã¬ã³ãã
ããã¢ã³ãã©ã»ã³ããããâãžããšãã«ããã¹â
ïŒãããããšãã«ïŒâã¡ã¿ã³ããã¹âïŒãããã
ãšãã«ïŒâããªãšãŒãã«ãã¹âïŒãããããšã
ã«ïŒâã¹ã«ãã³ãããããžããšããã·ã¢ã«ã«ã³ã
ããã³ãããããšããã¢ãžã³ã é©åãªèç°åŒãããååç©ãšããŠã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã®ã
æããããïŒãããã·ã¯ããã¿ã³ããããã¯ãã
ã³ã¿ã³ããããã·ã¯ããããµã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãã
ãã·ã¯ããããµã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããâã·ã¯ãã
ããµã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããã·ã¯ããããµã³ããã
ã³ãã¹âïŒãããã·ã¯ãããã·ã«ïŒâã¡ã¿ã³ã ãããã¢ã«ã«ã³ã®äŸãšããŠã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã®ãæãã
ããïŒãããã¡ã¿ã³ãããããšã¿ã³ãïŒâããã
ãããã³ãïŒâããããããã³ãããããã¿ã³ã
ããããã³ã¿ã³ãããããããµã³ãããããã«
ã³ããããã»ã¿ã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããšã¿ã³ã
ïŒïŒïŒâãžããããããã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããã
ããã³ããžããããã¿ã³ããžããããã³ã¿ã³ããž
ããžãããããµã³ããžããããã«ã³ãããšãã«ã
ããã¡ã¿ã³ããã¹âïŒãããã¡ãã«ïŒâã·ã¯ãã
ããµã³ããã¹âïŒãããã¡ãã«ïŒâãã³ãŒã³ãã
ãã³Ïâãããã«ã«ãã³é žãããªã«ã åèšã®çš®é¡ã®è³éŠæãããååç©ãæ¬çºæã®è£œ
æ³ã®ããã«å¥œãŸããã次ã®ãã®ãç¹ã«å¥œãŸããïŒ
ããããã³ãŒã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã³ãŒã³ã
ïŒïŒïŒâãžããããã³ãŒã³ãïŒïŒïŒâãžãããã
ã«ãšã³ããã³ïŒïŒïŒâãžãããããã¿ã¬ã³ã æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã®ããã«çšãããã觊åªç³»(b)ã¯ã
ïŒbaïŒäž»æåãšããŠã®å çŽ åšæç³»ã®ç¬¬ïŒäºæã®è²Ž
éå±ããã³ïŒbbïŒå©è§Šåªæåãå«ãã 觊åªæåïŒbaïŒã¯å çŽ åšæç³»ã®ç¬¬ïŒäºæã®é
é¢è²Žéå±ãŸãã¯åå¿æ··åç©ã«å¯æº¶ãªãããã®éå±
ã®ååç©ã§ããã貎éå±ã¯æã奜é©ã«ã¯åå¿æ··å
ç©ã«å¯æº¶ãªååç©ãäŸãã°å¡©åç©ãèåç©ãæ²å
ç©ãã¯ããé¯äœãããã¢é¯äœããšãŒãé¯äœãé ¢é ž
å¡©ãã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãããã³ä»ã®å¯æº¶æ§è²Žé
å±ååç©ããŠæ·»å ããããé©åãªè²Žéå±ãšããŠã¯
RuïŒRhïŒPdïŒOsïŒIrããã³Ptãæããããã奜
é©ãªè²Žéå±ã¯ãã©ãžãŠã ããã³ããžãŠã ã§ããã
ç¹ã«å¯æº¶æ§å¡©åãã©ãžãŠã ã®åœ¢ã®ãã©ãžãŠã ãç¹
ã«å¥œãŸãããæ·»å ããã溶å€ãå«ãåå¿æ··åç©ã«
åºã¥ã奜é©ãªæ¿åºŠã¯ã貎éå±ãšããŠèšç®ããŠå šè¬
ã«0.0001â0.1ééïŒ ãç¹ã«0.001â0.01ééïŒ ã§
ããã貎éå±ãäœæ¿åºŠã«ãŠçšããå Žåã«ã¯åå¿é
床ã¯éåžžã«äœããªããããäžå±€é«æ¿åºŠã«ãŠè²Žéå±
ã䜿çšããããšãã§ããããæ¿åºŠãããã«å¢ããŠ
ããŠã¬ã¿ã³åçã¯å¢ããªããã貎éå±ã®æ倱ã®ã
ãã«äžçµæžã§ããã å©è§ŠåªïŒbbïŒã¯ãåå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã«ãŠã¬ããã¯ã¹
åå¿ã§ããååç©ã§ãã€ãŠãåå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã«ãŠã¬ã
ãã¯ã¹åå¿ãåŸãå çŽ ããåŸãããååç©ïŒåå
ç©ïŒbaïŒãšã¯ç°ãªããïŒã®ããããã§ããåŸãå³
ã¡FeããMnãMoããSbãCuããã³Ceã®å¡©
åç©ãé žåç©ããã³ãªãã·ã¯ããªããããªã矀ã
ãéžã°ããååç©ã§ãããé žåç©ãçšããå Žåã«
ã¯ã奜é©ã«ã¯æãçš®ã®æŽ»æ§åå¡©åç©ãæ·»å ãã
ãã é©åãªå©è§Šåªã®äŸãšããŠã¯æ¬¡ã®ãã®ãæããã
ãïŒé ïŒïŒå¡©åç©ããããžãŠã ïŒïŒå¡©åç©ã
ã¢ãªããã³ïŒïŒå¡©åç©ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ïŒïŒå¡©
åç©ãã¿ã³ã°ã¹ãã³ïŒïŒå¡©åç©ããã³ã¬ã³
ïŒïŒå¡©åç©ãéïŒïŒå¡©åç©ãéïŒïŒå¡©åç©ã
éãªãã·ã¯ããªããé ïŒïŒé žåç©ãäºé žåãã
ãžãŠã ãäžé žåã¢ãªããã³ãäžé žåã¿ã³ã¹ãã³ã
äºé žåãã³ã¬ã³ãéïŒïŒé žåç©ãéïŒïŒé žå
ç©ãäŸãã°Î±âFe2O3ãŸãã¯Î³âFe2O3ãæ°Žåé
ïŒïŒé žåç©äŸãã°Î±âFeOâOHãŸãã¯Î²â
FeOâOHãããã³éã¹ããã«Fe3O4ã ç¹ã«å¥œé©ãªå©è§ŠåªãšããŠã¯ãéïŒïŒå¡©åç©ã
éïŒïŒå¡©åç©ãéãªãã·ã¯ããªãããã³äžäŸ¡é
ã®é žåç©ããã³æ°Žåé žåç©ãæããããã åå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã«ãŠãã°ãã°å®å šã«äžæŽ»æ§ã§ããå
èšã®é žåç©ãçšããå Žåã«ã¯æŽ»æ§åå¡©åç©ããçš
ããå¿ èŠãããããããã¯ãå¡©åç©ã®åœ¢ã«ãŠã¢ã
ãªã³çã«çµåããå¡©çŽ ãå«ã¿ããããŠåå¿æ¡ä»¶äž
ã«ãŠåèšã®é žåç©ãšåå¿ããŠããããå°ãªããšã
éšåçã«å¯Ÿå¿å¡©åç©ãŸãã¯ãªãã·ã¯ããªãã«è»¢å
ãåŸãååç©ã§ãããé©åãªæŽ»æ§åå¡©åç©ãšããŠ
ã¯äŸãã°ãååé59â300ã®ç¬¬äžã¢ãã³ã®å¡©é žå¡©ã
眮æåºã奜é©ã«ã¯äœ¿çšãŠã¬ã¢ã®çœ®æåºãšåäžã§ã
ã第äžã¢ãã³ã®å¡©é žå¡©ãäŸãã°ãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢
ã䜿çšããå Žåã®ã¢ããªã³å¡©é žå¡©ãããã³å¡©åæ°Ž
çŽ ãéïŒïŒå¡©åç©ãã³éïŒïŒå¡©åç©é¯äœãæ
ããããã次ã®ãã®ãç¹ã«é©åã§ããïŒããªãžã³
å¡©é žå¡©ãã¢ããªã³å¡©é žå¡©ãïŒïŒïŒâãžã¢ãããã«
ãšã³ã®å¡©é žå¡©ãå¡©åæ°ŽçŽ ãéïŒïŒå¡©åç©ããã
ã³éïŒïŒå¡©åç©ã®é¯äœãæåŸã«èšèŒã®ç¹ã«å¥œé©
ãªæŽ»æ§åå¡©åç©ãšãäžäŸ¡éã®é žåç©ããã³æ°Žåé ž
åç©ãšã®çµåããç¹ã«äŸ¡å€ããå©è§ŠåªïŒbbïŒã§
ããã æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã«çšãããã掻æ§åå¡©åç©å«æå©
觊åªã®äœ¿çšæ¿åºŠã¯ã䜿çšæº¶å€ãå«ãåå¿æ··åç©ã«
åºã¥ããŠå šè¬ã«0.1â20ééïŒ ã奜é©ã«ã¯ïŒâïŒ
ééïŒ ã§ããã掻æ§åå¡©åç©ãå¿ èŠãªå Žåã«ã¯ã
ãããã¯å šè¬ã«0.05â10ééïŒ ã奜é©ã«ã¯0.1â
2.5ééïŒ ã®éã«ãŠçšããããã åå¿ã¯æº¶å€ã®ååšäžãŸãã¯äžåšäžã«ãŠå®æœãã
åŸããå šè¬çã«ã奜é©ã«ã¯éå°éã«ãŠçšãããã
ææ©ããããã·ã«ååç©ã溶å€ãšããŠäœçšããã
ããããäžæŽ»æ§æº¶å€ãå šåå¿æ··åç©ã«å¯ŸããŠ80é
éïŒ ãŸã§ã®éã«ãŠçšããããšãå¯èœã§ããã䜿çš
溶å€ãéå°éã«ãŠçšããããããããã·ã«ååç©
ã§ãããäžæŽ»æ§æº¶å€ã§ããããåããã溶å€ã®äœ¿
çšéã¯ã蚱容ã§ããªãçšåºŠã®æž©åºŠäžæãªãã«çºç±
æ§ãŠã¬ã¿ã³åœ¢æåå¿ã®ç±ãé€å»ã§ãããããªå·¥å
ã«èšéãããªããã°ãªããªããåŸã€ãŠå šè¬çã«æ¬
çºæã®è£œæ³ã¯ã溶å€ãå«ããå šåå¿æ··åç©ã«åºã¥
ããŠïŒâ50ééïŒ ã奜é©ã«ã¯ïŒâ20ééïŒ ã®ãŠã¬
ã¢ååç©æ¿åºŠãããã³ïŒâ20ééïŒ ã奜é©ã«ã¯ïŒ
â10ééïŒ ã®æ¿åºŠã®é žåå€ãšããŠã®ææ©ãããå
åç©ãçšããŠå®æœãããã 溶å€ã¯ãåå¿æåããã³è§Šåªç³»ã«å¯ŸããŠäžæŽ»æ§
ã§ããã¹ãã§ãããããŠäŸãã°ããã²ã³ã«ãã眮
æãããŠãããè³éŠæãèç°åŒããã³èèªæçå
æ°ŽçŽ ã§ãããæ¯ãã®åŠã溶å€ã®äŸãšããŠã¯ãã³ãŒ
ã³ããã«ãšã³ããã·ã¬ã³ãã¯ãããã³ãŒã³ããžã¯
ãããã³ãŒã³ãããªã¯ãããã³ãŒã³ãã¯ãããã
ã¿ã¬ã³ãã·ã¯ããããµã³ãã¡ãã«ã·ã¯ããããµ
ã³ãã¯ããã·ã¯ããããµã³ãã¡ãã¬ã³ã¯ããªãã
åå¡©åççŽ ãããã©ã¯ãããšã¿ã³ãããªã¯ãã«ã
ãªãã«ãªããšã¿ã³ããã³é¡äŒŒååç©ãæããã
ãã åå¿æž©åºŠã¯å šè¬çã«100ââçŽ300âãç¹ã«130
ââ250âãæã奜é©ã«ã¯140ââ220âã§ããã å§åã¯æ¶²çžã®å§åãåžžã«ä¿èšŒãããããŠå šè¬ç
ã«åå¿æž©åºŠã«ãŠïŒâ500ããŒã«ãæã奜é©ã«ã¯30
â300ããŒã«ã§ããããã«å¶éãããã䜿çšç¬¬äž
ã¢ãã³ããã³ããããã·ååç©ããã³ææ©ããã
ååç©ã«äŸåããŠãå®éç転åã«å¿ èŠãªåå¿æž©åºŠ
ã¯æ°åãªããæ°æéã§ããã ãŠã¬ã¢ãšããããã·ååç©ãäžé žåççŽ ããã³
é žåå€ãšã«ãããŠã¬ã¿ã³åœ¢æåå¿ã¯é£èªçã«ãŸã
ã¯ãããæ³ã«ããå®æœããåŸãã ãããæ³åå¿ã¯é«å§ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãå ã«ãŠå°é
ã®å質溶解ããã貎éå±ããã³å åãªéå°éã®è§Š
åªãçšããŠãå¿ èŠãªãã°æŽ»æ§åå¡©åç©ã®ååšäžã«
å®æœããåŸããåå¿åªäœã«äžæº¶ãªååç©äŸãã°é ž
åéãŸãã¯æ°Žåé žåéã埮ç²ã®åœ¢ã«ãŠæ·»å ã§ãã
äžæ¹æŽ»æ§åæ·»å å€ãå質ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«æº¶æ¶²ã®åœ¢ã«ãŠ
æ·»å ãåŸããæªæº¶è§£ã®éå°éå©è§Šåªæåã¯åå¿æ··
åç©ã®æ¿ããæ¹æãŸãã¯ãã³ãã«ãã埪ç°ã«ãã€
ãŠååžããåŸããçºç±åå¿ã®ç±ã¯å éšèšçœ®å·åŽè£
眮ã«ããããŸãã¯ãã³ã埪ç°ã®å Žåã«ã¯å€éšç±äº€
æåšã«ããé€å»ããåŸããåå¿çæç©ã®ä»äžãã
ãã³è§Šåªã®åŸªç°ã¯ãåå¿æ··åç©äžã«çãããŠã¬ã¿
ã³ã®å¯æº¶æ§ã«äŸåããŠãç°ãªãå·¥åã«å®æœããåŸ
ããæ溶ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã®å Žåã«ã¯ãäŸãã°äœæž©ã«ãŠé£
溶æ§ã®å©è§Šåªæ··åç©ã®æ®ãã©ãåžçãã©ãžãŠã ã
ãã³ææ©ã¢ãã³å¡©ã®æ®ãã©ãšäžç·ã«ãåå¿çæç©
ãããåå¿å®çµæã«äŸãã°éãŸãã¯é å¿åé¢ã«
ããåé¢ã§ããããããã®æåã¯æ¬¡ã«æ°ãã第äž
ã¢ãã³ãšããããã·ã«ååç©ãäžé žåççŽ ããã³
é žåå€ãšã®åå¿ã®ããã«äœ¿çšããåŸãã液äœåå¿
æ··åç©ã¯éåžžã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããäŸãã°åå¥èžçã«ã
ãã溶å€ãçŽç²ãªãŠã¬ã¿ã³ããã³ããããã°å°é
ã®å¯çæã«åé¢ããåŸãããã®åé¢ã¯é£ç¶çã«ãŸ
ãã¯ãããæ³ã«ãŠå®æœã§ãããèžçæ®æž£ã¯ãåå¿
æ··åç©ã«æº¶è§£ããå°éã®å©è§Šåªæåããã³ïŒãŸã
ã¯çè·¡éã®è²Žéå±ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯è²Žéå±ååç©ã
å«ã¿ããããã®ç©è³ªã¯æ°ããåå¿ã«æ»ããåŸãã ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã溶å€ãŸãã¯éå°éããããã·ååç©
äžã«å¯æº¶ã§ããå Žåã«ã¯ãåå¿æ··åç©ããæ¹è³ªã
ã圢æ ã«ãŠä»äžãåŸããäŸãã°é€å§åŸã«ãŠã¬ã¿ã³
ãå°ãŸã溶解ããäžæ¹è²Žéå±ïŒå©è§Šåªæ··åç©ã®è§Š
åªç³»ã倧éšåæ²æ®¿ãããããªé«ãããã枩床ã«ãŠ
å å§äžã«ãŠè§Šåªã®æ®ãã©ãéããŸãã¯é å¿åé¢
ããããã®åŸã枩床ãäžããããšã«ãã€ãŠãé£æº¶
æ§ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã¯ãä»»æçã«ã¯å°éã®é£æº¶æ§å¯çç©ã
ãã³æ®ç觊åªãšäžç·ã«ã§ãããããæ¶åºãããã
溶å€ãŸãã¯æº¶å€ãšããŠçšããããéå°éææ©ãã
ããã·ã«ååç©ã«å ããŠãå°éã®å¯çç©ã溶解ãŠ
ã¬ã¿ã³ããã³æããã¯æº¶è§£ãããå©è§Šåªæåãå«
ãæ¯æ¶²ã¯ã次ã«åã®åå¿ã«ãããŠæ¶è²»ãããéã®
第äžã¢ãã³ãããããã·ã«ååç©ããã³æ瀺ãã
ãå Žåã®é žåå€ãšããŠã®ãããååç©ãæ·»å ã
ãŠãããããã·ååç©ãäžé žåççŽ ããã³é žåå€
ã«ãã第äžã¢ãã³ã®ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã«
çŽæ¥æ»ãããããšãã§ãããŸãã¯ããã«å«ãŸãã
äœæ²žç¹å¯çç©ãæåã«äŸãã°èžçã«ãã€ãŠé€å»ã
åŸããçµæ¶åã«ãã€ãŠé€å»ããåŸãªãé«æ²žç¹å¯ç
ç©ã¯ãæ¯æ¶²ã®ã¢ãªã³ãŒãéšåïŒaliquote
portionïŒãèžçã«ããä»äžããããšã«ãã€ãŠèž
çæ®æž£ãšããŠå埪ç°æµããé£ç¶çã«é€å»ããåŸ
ããæ²æ®¿ããç²ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã¯ãäŸãã°é«ããããæž©
床ã«ãŠãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã溶解ãããå¯çæããã³è§Šåªæ®
枣ã溶解ããªã溶å€äŸãã°ã€ãœâãªã¯ã¿ã³ããã³
ãŒã³ããã«ãšã³ããã·ã¬ã³ãã¯ãããã³ãŒã³ããž
ã¯ãããã³ãŒã³ããã®çµæ¶åã«ããåçµæ¶ããã
ããåŸããé«ãããã枩床ã«ãŠäžæº¶æ§ã®æ®æž£ã¯ã
é žåã«ããäžæº¶æ§é žåç©äŸãã°é žåéããã³ãäž»
ã«äºé žåççŽ ãé žçŽ ãçªçŽ ããã³æããã¯ææ®çº
æ§ã®ææ©äžçŽç©ãããªãææ©äžçŽç©ããçããæ
ã¬ã¹ã«è»¢åããåŸããæã¬ã¹ã¯ããã®çµæã«äŸå
ããŠãçŽæ¥å€§æ°äžã«æŸåºã§ããŸãã¯æ®çäžçŽç©ã
é žåã«ããé€å»ããæ¥è§ŠåŸççŒã«äŸãåŸããå°ãŸ
ã å°éã®è²Žéå±ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯è²Žéå±ååç©ãå«
ã¿åŸãæ®æž£ããåŸãããé žåç©ååç©ã¯ãªãã·ã«
ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³å·¥çšã«æ»ãããã æªåå¿äžé žåççŽ ãäœæ²žç¹ææ©æåãå°éã®äº
é žåççŽ ãããã³é žåå€ãšããŠååé žçŽ ãçšãã
å Žåã®å°éã®æªåå¿é žçŽ ãããã³å°å ¥ãããäžæŽ»
æ§ã¬ã¹äŸãã°çªçŽ ãå«ã¿åŸããªãã·ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒ
ã·ãšã³ããåŸãããåå¿ã¬ã¹ã¯äŸãã°ãäœæ²žç¹æ
æ©å¯çç©ããã³æããã¯äºé žåççŽ ã®é€å»åŸã«å
å¿å§åã«å調ç¯ããããããŠæ¶è²»ãããéã®äžé ž
åççŽ ããã³æ瀺ãããå Žåã®ååé žçŽ ã眮æã
ãŠåå¿ã«æ»ããåŸãã é£ç¶çåå¿ã¯äžé£ã®å®¹åšäžã§ãåå¿ç®¡ç³»çµ±äž
ã§ãé 次é åããã幟ã€ãã®åå¿ã³ã€ã«äžã§ããŸ
ãã¯é 次é åãããïŒã€ãŸãã¯ãã以äžã®æç±å
å¿ç®¡å ã§ãŸãã¯æ°æ³¡å¡å ã§å®æœããåŸããç±ã¯äŸ
ãã°å·åŽã¢ã»ããªã«ããå éšçã«ãç±äº€æ管系統
ã«ããå€éšçã«ããŸãã¯åå¿æ··åç©ã®ç±å®¹éã«ã
ãæç±çã«ãããŠå€éšå·åŽè£ 眮å ã§ã®å·åŽã«ãã
é€å»ããåŸãã éžç¶çã«ãŸãã¯äžé£ç¶çã«åèšã®åŠãããã«ä»
äžããå®æœãåŸãã 察å¿ã€ãœã·ã¢ããŒã補é ã®ããã®äžéäœãšããŠ
ã®æ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã®çæç©ã®å¥œé©ãªé©çšã«ãããŠ
ã¯ãããããçŽç²ãªåœ¢ã§è£œé ããããšã¯ãã°ãã°
äžå¿ èŠã§ããããŸãã觊åªã®éåŸã«ããã³æ瀺
ãããå Žåã«ã¯æº¶å€ãçåºãããåŸã«åŸãããç²
çæç©ãçšãããšå åã§ããåŸãã äžèšã®äŸã«ããæ¬çºæã®è£œæ³ã説æããããäŸ
ã«ç€ºãããæ¡ä»¶ã«å¶éããããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã äŸ äŸ ïŒ äžèšã®çµæã®åå¿æ··åç©250ïœã0.7ãªããã«ã®
ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãã«å°å ¥ããïŒ ïŒÃ10-3ééïŒ ã®å¡©åãã©ãžãŠã ã3.7ééïŒ
ã®éãªãã·ã¯ããªãã18.5ééïŒ ã®ïŒ®ïŒïŒ®âãžã
ãšããŠã¬ã¢ããã³77.8ééïŒ ã®ãšã¿ããŒã«ã100
ããŒã«ã®äžé žåççŽ ããã³20ããŒã«ã®ç©ºæ°ã宀枩
ã«ãŠéå ¥ããæ··åç©ã180âã«ãŠïŒæéåå¿ãã
ãã液äœåå¿çæç©ã®ã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã°ã©ãã€åæ
ã«ããã補æ³ã«çšãããããžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ã®è»¢
åçã98ïŒ ã§ããããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¿ã³éžæçã¯ãžã
ãšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ã«åºã¥ããŠ72ïŒ ãåå¿ãããããã
ãšã¿ããŒã«ã«åºã¥ããŠ98ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã äŸ ïŒ äŸïŒãšåãåå¿æ··åç©ãçšããäœãåã 100ã
ãŒã«ã®äžé žåççŽ ãã³20ããŒã«ã®ç©ºæ°ãïŒæéçš
ããŠïŒåºŠåå¿ãããåèšåå¿æéã¯180âã«ãŠïŒ
æéã§ãã€ãããžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢è»¢åçã¯99ïŒ ã§
ãããããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¿ã³éžæçã¯ãŠã¬ã¢ã«åºã¥ã
ãŠ88ïŒ ããšã¿ããŒã«ã«åºã¥ããŠ98ïŒ ã§ãã€ãã äŸ ïŒ äŸïŒãšåãæé ãçšããäœãå©è§ŠåªãšããŠÎ±â
Fe2O3ïŒ2.4ééïŒ ïŒãšã¢ããªã³å¡©é žå¡©ïŒïŒééïŒ ïŒ
ã®æ··åç©ãçšããããžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢è»¢åçã¯å®
éçã§ããããžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ã«åºã¥ããŠ80ã¢ã«
ïŒ ãåå¿ãããããããšã¿ããŒã«ã«åºã¥ããŠ98ã¢
ã«âã®ããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ãåŸãããã äŸ ïŒâïŒ é žåç©ããã³æŽ»æ§åå¡©åç©ã«åºã¥ãçš®ã ã®å©è§Š
åªãçšããå Žåã®åå¿çµæãäžèšã®è¡šã«ç€ºããå
å Žåã«0.7ãªããã«ã®ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãå ã«ãŠäžèš
ã®çµæã®æ··åç©250ïœãçšããïŒ 1.7Ã10-3ééïŒ ã®PdCl2ã2.4ééïŒ ã®ã¬ãã
ã¯ã¹åå¿å¯èœãªå¡©åç©ãïŒééïŒ ã®ã¢ããªã³å¡©é ž
å¡©ã13.5ééïŒ ã®ïŒ®ïŒïŒ®âãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ãã
ã³81.1ééïŒ ã®ãšã¿ããŒã«ãåå®éšã«ãããŠã
180âã«ãŠåã ïŒæéãã€ïŒåãæ··åç©ã100ããŒ
ã«ã®äžé žåççŽ ããã³20ããŒã«ã®ç©ºæ°ïŒå®€æž©ã«ãŠ
䜿çšïŒãšåå¿ãããïŒåå®éšã«ãããŠ180âã«ãŠ
åèšåå¿æéïŒæéïŒãäžèšã®è¡šã«æããçµæã
åŸãããã
ãè¡šã
äŸ ïŒ
0.7ãªããã«ã®æµåãããéŒãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãã«
äžèšã®çµæã®åå¿æ··åç©250ïœãå°å ¥ããïŒ ïŒÃ10-3ééïŒ ã®PdCl2ãïŒééïŒ ã®éãªãã·
ã¯ããªãã20ééïŒ ã®ããžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ïŒãã
ããã³ãŒã³ã®ã¢ã«æ¯ïŒïŒïŒïŒã®ïŒ®ïŒNâ²âãžããš
ãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ããã³ããããã³ãŒã³ã®æ··åç©ããã
ã³76ééïŒ ã®ãšã¿ããŒã«ã120ããŒã«ã®äžé žåç©
ã宀枩ã«éå ¥ããæ··åç©ã160âã«ãŠïŒæéåå¿
ãããã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã°ã©ãã€åæã«ããããžããš
ãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ã®å®éç転åãããã³ãžããšãã«ãŠã¬
ã¢ããã³ããããã³ãŒã³ã«åºã¥ããŠ96ïŒ ããã³ãš
ã¿ããŒã«ã«åºã¥ããŠ93ïŒ ã®éžæçã§ã®ããšãã«ãŠ
ã¬ã¿ã³ã®åœ¢æã瀺ãããã äŸ 10â14 äžèšã®äŸã«ãããããããã³ãŒã³ïŒNBïŒã«ã
ãïŒïŒ®âãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ïŒDPHïŒã®ãªãã·
ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã«å¯Ÿããä»ã®è²Žéå±ã®åœ±é¿ã
瀺ãã æ¡ ä»¶ïŒ å©è§ŠåªïŒ3.7ééïŒ ã®éãªãã·ã¯ããªã ãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ïŒ14.93ééïŒ ããããã³ãŒã³ïŒ4.33ééïŒ ãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ãšãããã³ãŒã³ãšã®ã¢ã«æ¯ïŒ
ïŒïŒïŒ ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ïŒ77ééïŒ ã®ãšã¿ããŒã« äžé žåççŽ å§åïŒ20âã«ãŠ120ããŒã« 䜿çšåå¿æ··åç©ã®éïŒ270ïœïŒ0.7ãªããã«æµå
éŒãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãå ïŒ
äžèšã®çµæã®åå¿æ··åç©250ïœãå°å ¥ããïŒ ïŒÃ10-3ééïŒ ã®PdCl2ãïŒééïŒ ã®éãªãã·
ã¯ããªãã20ééïŒ ã®ããžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ïŒãã
ããã³ãŒã³ã®ã¢ã«æ¯ïŒïŒïŒïŒã®ïŒ®ïŒNâ²âãžããš
ãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ããã³ããããã³ãŒã³ã®æ··åç©ããã
ã³76ééïŒ ã®ãšã¿ããŒã«ã120ããŒã«ã®äžé žåç©
ã宀枩ã«éå ¥ããæ··åç©ã160âã«ãŠïŒæéåå¿
ãããã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã°ã©ãã€åæã«ããããžããš
ãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ã®å®éç転åãããã³ãžããšãã«ãŠã¬
ã¢ããã³ããããã³ãŒã³ã«åºã¥ããŠ96ïŒ ããã³ãš
ã¿ããŒã«ã«åºã¥ããŠ93ïŒ ã®éžæçã§ã®ããšãã«ãŠ
ã¬ã¿ã³ã®åœ¢æã瀺ãããã äŸ 10â14 äžèšã®äŸã«ãããããããã³ãŒã³ïŒNBïŒã«ã
ãïŒïŒ®âãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ïŒDPHïŒã®ãªãã·
ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã«å¯Ÿããä»ã®è²Žéå±ã®åœ±é¿ã
瀺ãã æ¡ ä»¶ïŒ å©è§ŠåªïŒ3.7ééïŒ ã®éãªãã·ã¯ããªã ãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ïŒ14.93ééïŒ ããããã³ãŒã³ïŒ4.33ééïŒ ãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ãšãããã³ãŒã³ãšã®ã¢ã«æ¯ïŒ
ïŒïŒïŒ ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ïŒ77ééïŒ ã®ãšã¿ããŒã« äžé žåççŽ å§åïŒ20âã«ãŠ120ããŒã« 䜿çšåå¿æ··åç©ã®éïŒ270ïœïŒ0.7ãªããã«æµå
éŒãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãå ïŒ
ãè¡šã
äŸ 15â22
äžèšã®äŸã«ãããããããã³ãŒã³ïŒNBïŒã«ã
ãïŒNâ²âãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ïŒDPHïŒã®ãªãã·
ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã«å¯Ÿããå©è§Šåªã®åœ±é¿ã説æ
ããã æ¡ ä»¶ 貎éå±ïŒ1.8Ã10-3ééïŒ ã®PdCl2 DPHïŒNBïŒ20ééïŒ ïŒãšã¿ããŒã«äžïŒ ã¢ã«æ¯DPHïŒNBïŒ1.5ïŒïŒ COå§åïŒ20âã«ãŠ120ããŒã« 枩床ïŒ180â åå¿æéïŒ1h åå¿æ··åç©ïŒ270ïœïŒ0.7ãªããã«ã®æµåéŒãªãŒ
ãã¯ã¬ãŒãäžïŒ
ãïŒNâ²âãžããšãã«ãŠã¬ã¢ïŒDPHïŒã®ãªãã·
ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã«å¯Ÿããå©è§Šåªã®åœ±é¿ã説æ
ããã æ¡ ä»¶ 貎éå±ïŒ1.8Ã10-3ééïŒ ã®PdCl2 DPHïŒNBïŒ20ééïŒ ïŒãšã¿ããŒã«äžïŒ ã¢ã«æ¯DPHïŒNBïŒ1.5ïŒïŒ COå§åïŒ20âã«ãŠ120ããŒã« 枩床ïŒ180â åå¿æéïŒ1h åå¿æ··åç©ïŒ270ïœïŒ0.7ãªããã«ã®æµåéŒãªãŒ
ãã¯ã¬ãŒãäžïŒ
ãè¡šã
äŸ 23
0.7ãªããã«ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒãã«äžèšã®æ··åç©250
ïœãå°å ¥ããïŒ ïŒÃ10-3ééïŒ ã®PdCl2ãïŒééïŒ ã®FeOClã
14.8ééïŒ ã®ïŒïŒïŒâãžã¢ãããã«ãšã³ããã³ïŒ
âã¢ããâïŒâããããã«ãšã³ã®ãã¹ãŠã¬ã¢ãã
ã³81ééïŒ ã®ãšã¿ããŒã«ã䜿çšãŠã¬ã¢ã®ãããåº
ã¯ãŠã¬ã¢å®èœã®ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã®ãã
ã®é žåå€ã§ãã€ãã120ããŒã«ã®äžé žåççŽ ã宀
æž©ã«ãŠéå ¥ããæ··åç©ã180âã«ãŠïŒæéåå¿ã
ããããã¹âãŠã¬ã¢ã¯å®éçã«è»¢åãããã10ã¢
ã«ïŒ ã®ç°æ§äœã¢ããâãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã«å ããŠãïŒïŒïŒ
âãžã€ãœã·ã¢ãããã«ãšã³ã®ãã¹âãŠã¬ã¿ã³ãã
50ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®éžæçã«ãŠåŸãããã
ïœãå°å ¥ããïŒ ïŒÃ10-3ééïŒ ã®PdCl2ãïŒééïŒ ã®FeOClã
14.8ééïŒ ã®ïŒïŒïŒâãžã¢ãããã«ãšã³ããã³ïŒ
âã¢ããâïŒâããããã«ãšã³ã®ãã¹ãŠã¬ã¢ãã
ã³81ééïŒ ã®ãšã¿ããŒã«ã䜿çšãŠã¬ã¢ã®ãããåº
ã¯ãŠã¬ã¢å®èœã®ãªãã·ã«ã«ããã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã®ãã
ã®é žåå€ã§ãã€ãã120ããŒã«ã®äžé žåççŽ ã宀
æž©ã«ãŠéå ¥ããæ··åç©ã180âã«ãŠïŒæéåå¿ã
ããããã¹âãŠã¬ã¢ã¯å®éçã«è»¢åãããã10ã¢
ã«ïŒ ã®ç°æ§äœã¢ããâãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã«å ããŠãïŒïŒïŒ
âãžã€ãœã·ã¢ãããã«ãšã³ã®ãã¹âãŠã¬ã¿ã³ãã
50ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®éžæçã«ãŠåŸãããã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ ïŒ®ïŒNâ²âãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢ãšå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®
ããããã·ã«åºãå«ãææ©ååç©ãšã®åå¿ã«ãã
ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã®è£œæ³ã«ãããŠããããã®åºçºååç©
ãã (a) é žåå€ãšããŠã®ååé žçŽ ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯ææ©
ãããååç©ããã³ã (b) ïŒbaïŒå çŽ åšæç³»ã®ç¬¬ïŒäºæã®è²Žéå±ãã
ã³ïŒãŸãã¯è²Žéå±ååç©ããã³ïŒbbïŒFeãã
MnãMoããSbãCuããã³Ceã®å¡©åç©ãé ž
åç©ããã³ãªãã·ã¯ããªããããªã矀ããéžã°
ããååç©ããããªãè§Šåª ã®ååšäžã«ãããäžé žåççŽ ã«ãããªãã·ã«ã«ã
ãã¬ãŒã·ãšã³ã«äŸããããšãç¹åŸŽãšãã補æ³ã ïŒ ïŒ®ïŒNâ²âãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢ã察称ïŒNâ²âãžã¢
ãªãŒã«ãŠã¬ã¢ã§ããã䜿çšãããååç©ããŠã¬ã¢
ãšåãã¢ãªãŒã«åºãæããè³éŠæãããååç©ã§
ãããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®è£œæ³ã ïŒ å¥åã®ïŒ®ïŒNâ²âãžçœ®æãŠã¬ã¢ããã³ææ©ã
ããååç©ãçšããã®ã§ã¯ãªããããã眮æãã
ãïŒNâ²âãžã¢ãªãŒã«ãŠã¬ã¢ãçšãããç¹èš±è«
æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®è£œæ³ã ïŒ è§ŠåªæåïŒbaïŒãšããŠçšããããç©è³ªãã
ã©ãžãŠã ãããžãŠã ããã©ãžãŠã ååç©ããã³ïŒ
ãŸãã¯ããžãŠã ååç©ã§ãããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬
ïŒâïŒé ã®ããããäžé ã«èšèŒã®è£œæ³ã ïŒ è§ŠåªæåïŒbbïŒãšããŠçšããããç©è³ªããª
ãã·ã¯ããªãã§ãããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒâïŒé
ã®ããããäžé ã«èšèŒã®è£œæ³ã ïŒ è§ŠåªæåïŒbbïŒãšããŠçšããããç©è³ªã
ïŒïœïŒé žåç©ã§ããããããïŒïŒåå¿æ¡ä»¶äžã«
ãŠè©²é žåç©ã掻æ§åããŠå¡©åç©ã圢æãåŸããå¡©
åç©ãšããŠã¢ããªã³çã«çµåãããå¡©çŽ ãå«ãå
åç©ãšçµåãããŠçšãããããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬
ïŒâïŒé ã®ããããäžé ã«èšèŒã®è£œæ³ã ïŒ éãªãã·ã¯ããªãã觊åªæåïŒbbïŒãšããŠ
çšãããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒâïŒé ã®ããããäž
é ã«èšèŒã®è£œæ³ã ïŒ ããããã·ã«åºå«æã®ææ©ååç©ãšããŠçšã
ãããç©è³ªãççŽ ååæ°ïŒâïŒã®ïŒäŸ¡ç¬¬äžèèªæ
ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã«ã§ãããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒâïŒé ã®
ããããäžé ã«èšèŒã®è£œæ³ã ïŒ åå¿ã100â300âã®æž©åºŠããã³ïŒâ500ããŒ
ã«ã®å§åã«ãŠå®æœãããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒâïŒ
é ã®ããããäžé ã«èšèŒã®è£œæ³ã
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19792908252 DE2908252A1 (de) | 1979-03-02 | 1979-03-02 | Verfahren zur herstellung von urethanen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS55120552A JPS55120552A (en) | 1980-09-17 |
| JPS6312060B2 true JPS6312060B2 (ja) | 1988-03-17 |
Family
ID=6064331
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2418680A Granted JPS55120552A (en) | 1979-03-02 | 1980-02-29 | Manufacture of urethane |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4304922A (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP0016949B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPS55120552A (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE289T1 (ja) |
| AU (1) | AU5601080A (ja) |
| BR (1) | BR8001200A (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA1133009A (ja) |
| DE (2) | DE2908252A1 (ja) |
| ES (1) | ES489082A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0221127A (ja) * | 1988-07-08 | 1990-01-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | ã¬ã¹ããŒã |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3046982A1 (de) * | 1980-12-12 | 1982-07-15 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur herstellung von urethanen |
| DE3130843A1 (de) * | 1981-08-04 | 1983-02-24 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Verfahren zur herstellung von urethanen |
| JPS58148844A (ja) * | 1982-03-01 | 1983-09-05 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ååç©ã®è£œé æ³ |
| US4621149A (en) * | 1981-12-25 | 1986-11-04 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Production of urethane compounds |
| JPS60152457A (ja) * | 1984-01-23 | 1985-08-10 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ååç©ã®è£œæ³ |
| US4876379A (en) * | 1987-09-21 | 1989-10-24 | Amoco Corporation | Oxidative alkoxycarbonylation of amines and amine derivatives |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2409712A (en) * | 1944-02-03 | 1946-10-22 | Du Pont | Chemical process and products |
| US3467694A (en) * | 1965-10-15 | 1969-09-16 | American Cyanamid Co | Process for producing urethanes |
| US3627813A (en) * | 1969-02-03 | 1971-12-14 | Upjohn Co | A process of preparing carbamates |
| BE792313A (fr) * | 1971-12-06 | 1973-03-30 | Quimco Gmbh | Procede de preparation de carbamates mono substitues sur l'atome d'azote et produits obtenus |
| US4186269A (en) | 1975-01-30 | 1980-01-29 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated | Process for producing an aromatic urethane |
| US4178455A (en) * | 1977-07-25 | 1979-12-11 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated | Process for preparing aromatic urethanes |
| US4134880A (en) * | 1978-01-19 | 1979-01-16 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated | Process for producing an aromatic urethane from nitro compounds, hydroxyl compounds and carbon monoxide using metal-Lewis acid-ammonia catalyst systems |
-
1979
- 1979-03-02 DE DE19792908252 patent/DE2908252A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1980
- 1980-02-14 CA CA345,675A patent/CA1133009A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-02-21 DE DE8080100849T patent/DE3060032D1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-02-21 EP EP80100849A patent/EP0016949B1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-02-21 AT AT80100849T patent/ATE289T1/de active
- 1980-02-27 US US06/125,395 patent/US4304922A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1980-02-29 AU AU56010/80A patent/AU5601080A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1980-02-29 ES ES489082A patent/ES489082A1/es not_active Expired
- 1980-02-29 BR BR8001200A patent/BR8001200A/pt unknown
- 1980-02-29 JP JP2418680A patent/JPS55120552A/ja active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0221127A (ja) * | 1988-07-08 | 1990-01-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | ã¬ã¹ããŒã |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS55120552A (en) | 1980-09-17 |
| ES489082A1 (es) | 1980-09-16 |
| US4304922A (en) | 1981-12-08 |
| AU5601080A (en) | 1980-09-04 |
| EP0016949B1 (de) | 1981-10-14 |
| DE2908252A1 (de) | 1980-09-11 |
| ATE289T1 (de) | 1981-10-15 |
| CA1133009A (en) | 1982-10-05 |
| BR8001200A (pt) | 1980-11-04 |
| EP0016949A1 (de) | 1980-10-15 |
| DE3060032D1 (en) | 1981-12-24 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4297501A (en) | Process for the preparation of urethanes | |
| EP0000563A1 (en) | Process for preparing aromatic urethanes | |
| JPS6312060B2 (ja) | ||
| US4236016A (en) | Process for the preparation of urethanes | |
| US4134880A (en) | Process for producing an aromatic urethane from nitro compounds, hydroxyl compounds and carbon monoxide using metal-Lewis acid-ammonia catalyst systems | |
| US4262130A (en) | Process for the production of urethanes | |
| US4339592A (en) | Process for the production of urethanes | |
| US4219661A (en) | Process for the production of urethanes | |
| US4251667A (en) | Process for the preparation of aromatic urethanes | |
| JPS61280462A (ja) | ã«âãã¡âããšã¹ãã«ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| US4600793A (en) | Process for the preparation of urethanes | |
| US4629804A (en) | Process for preparation of urethanes | |
| US4230876A (en) | Process for the preparation of urethanes | |
| US5241118A (en) | Process for the preparation of trisubstituted ureas by reductive carbonylation | |
| JPS5811943B2 (ja) | è³éŠæãŠã¬ã¿ã³ååç©ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| JPS63297355A (ja) | ã«ã«ããã³é žãšã¹ãã«ã®è£œé æ³ | |
| JPS6331461B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0495056A (ja) | ã«ã«ããã³é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| JPS6124384B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH04244053A (ja) | ã«ã«ããã³é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| JPH0256458A (ja) | ã«ã«ããã³é žãšã¹ãã«ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| JPH0662544B2 (ja) | è³éŠæãŠã¬ã¿ã³ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| JPH01121249A (ja) | ãŠã¬ã¿ã³ãšçé žãšã¹ãã«ã®è£œé æ³ | |
| JPS61291558A (ja) | çªçŽ å«æææ©ååç©ã®ã«ã«ããã«åæ¹æ³ | |
| JPH0482869A (ja) | ã«ã«ããã³é žãšã¹ãã«é¡ã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |