JPS6318927B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6318927B2 JPS6318927B2 JP55184198A JP18419880A JPS6318927B2 JP S6318927 B2 JPS6318927 B2 JP S6318927B2 JP 55184198 A JP55184198 A JP 55184198A JP 18419880 A JP18419880 A JP 18419880A JP S6318927 B2 JPS6318927 B2 JP S6318927B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- reaction
- group
- organic
- zirconium
- acetic anhydride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 23
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- -1 hydrocarbyl halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsane Chemical compound [AsH3] RBFQJDQYXXHULB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BPLUKJNHPBNVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylarsine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[As](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 BPLUKJNHPBNVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CADPTFMOCGIPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(diphenyl)arsane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[As](C)C1=CC=CC=C1 CADPTFMOCGIPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- KZTHCQYZOHMORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl(phenyl)arsane Chemical compound C[As](C)C1=CC=CC=C1 KZTHCQYZOHMORT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002897 organic nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 36
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005810 carbonylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 8
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 3
- 229910000073 phosphorus hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GOKCJCODOLGYQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dichloro-2-imidazol-1-ylpyrimidine Chemical group ClC1=CC(Cl)=NC(N2C=NC=C2)=N1 GOKCJCODOLGYQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 2
- 150000001244 carboxylic acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VEZUQRBDRNJBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone oxime Chemical compound ON=C1CCCCC1 VEZUQRBDRNJBJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004508 fractional distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001502 inorganic halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMUQFGGVLNAIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinaldine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(C)=CC=C21 SMUQFGGVLNAIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylphosphine Chemical compound CP(C)C YWWDBCBWQNCYNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MBVAQOHBPXKYMF-LNTINUHCSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;rhodium Chemical compound [Rh].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O MBVAQOHBPXKYMF-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YOBOXHGSEJBUPB-MTOQALJVSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;zirconium Chemical compound [Zr].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O YOBOXHGSEJBUPB-MTOQALJVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWKRZZGSVQMWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-diphenylarsanylethyl(diphenyl)arsane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[As](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(C)[As](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 DWKRZZGSVQMWON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXVPVSYTOXERMV-UHFFFAOYSA-J 2-(carboxylatomethoxy)acetate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-]C(=O)COCC([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)COCC([O-])=O CXVPVSYTOXERMV-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpyridine Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=N1 BSKHPKMHTQYZBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRTIKBMBXBPGNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-epipulchellin-2-O-acetate Natural products CC1CC2OC(=O)C(=C)C2CC2(C)C(O)CC(OC(C)=O)C12 JRTIKBMBXBPGNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCYBYOYXJFQTFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)[As](C1=CC=CC=C1)C(C)(C)[As](C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)[As](C1=CC=CC=C1)C(C)(C)[As](C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1 XCYBYOYXJFQTFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIARVLVWEUBYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC=1C(=C(C=CC=1)[AsH]Cl)C Chemical compound CC=1C(=C(C=CC=1)[AsH]Cl)C DIARVLVWEUBYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFJDOWJXDFOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Rh].ClC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)[AsH](C(=O)[AsH](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)Cl)Cl Chemical compound [Rh].ClC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)[AsH](C(=O)[AsH](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)(C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)Cl)Cl YFJDOWJXDFOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZZPICCXQXWOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Rh].ClC=1C(=C(C(=C(C1)[As](C(=O)[As](C1=C(C=CC=C1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)C)Cl)Cl Chemical compound [Rh].ClC=1C(=C(C(=C(C1)[As](C(=O)[As](C1=C(C=CC=C1)C)C1=CC=CC=C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)C)Cl)Cl UZZPICCXQXWOHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- DLIJPAHLBJIQHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylphosphane Chemical compound CCCCP DLIJPAHLBJIQHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XWDKRVSSHIJNJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide;iridium Chemical group [Ir].[Ir].[Ir].[Ir].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-] XWDKRVSSHIJNJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 1
- 229940011182 cobalt acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(II) acetate Chemical compound [Co+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O QAHREYKOYSIQPH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- IDASTKMEQGPVRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopenta-1,3-diene;zirconium(2+) Chemical compound [Zr+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 IDASTKMEQGPVRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AJVCEIPMQIRLFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylarsanylmethyl(diphenyl)arsane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1[As](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C[As](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 AJVCEIPMQIRLFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenone Chemical compound C=C=O CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylphosphoric triamide Chemical compound CN(C)P(=O)(N(C)C)N(C)C GNOIPBMMFNIUFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003317 industrial substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001509 metal bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001511 metal iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxide Chemical compound [O-]C NBTOZLQBSIZIKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylimidazole Natural products CC1=CNC=N1 XLSZMDLNRCVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002835 noble gases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001477 organic nitrogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GNPXKHTZVDUNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomethylidenerhodium Chemical class O=C=[Rh] GNPXKHTZVDUNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M phenolate Chemical compound [O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalimide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1 XKJCHHZQLQNZHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGQZLDXDWSPAOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolo[3,4-f]isoindole-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)NC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)NC2=O UGQZLDXDWSPAOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinolin-8-ol Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQZMDXUEROTLLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium;triphenylphosphane Chemical compound [Rh].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QQZMDXUEROTLLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QBERHIJABFXGRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M rhodium;triphenylphosphane;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Rh].C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QBERHIJABFXGRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000009469 supplementation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSSMNYDDDSNUKH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichlororhodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Rh](Cl)Cl HSSMNYDDDSNUKH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclohexylphosphine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1P(C1CCCCC1)C1CCCCC1 WLPUWLXVBWGYMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWVNWQJKWKSDQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylarsane Chemical compound CC[As](CC)CC WWVNWQJKWKSDQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylphosphane Chemical compound CCCP(CCC)CCC KCTAHLRCZMOTKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFJORWSFSOXFQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(4-methylphenyl)arsane Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1[As](C=1C=CC(C)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(C)C=C1 YFJORWSFSOXFQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSGNKXDSTRDWKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium dihydride Chemical compound [ZrH2] QSGNKXDSTRDWKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000568 zirconium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/54—Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides
- C07C51/56—Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides from organic acids, their salts, their esters or their halides, e.g. by carboxylation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
æ¬çºæã¯ã«ã«ããã«ååå¿ã«ããç¡æ°Žé
¢é
žã®è£œ
é æ¹æ³ã«é¢ããã ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žã¯å€å¹Žã«ããã€ãŠå·¥æ¥çååŠè¬å€ãšã
ãŠç¥ãããŠæ¥ãŠãããããŠå€éãé ¢é žã»ã«ããŒãº
ã®è£œé ã«äœ¿çšãããŠãããããã¯æ®éã«ã¯ã±ãã³
ãšé ¢é žãšã®åå¿ã«ããå·¥æ¥çèŠæš¡ã§è£œé ãããŠæ¥
ããäŸãã°ãšããªãã³ãžã¢ã»ããŒãã®å解ã«ãã
ãªãã³ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ã«ãããã®é žåã«ãã補é ãã
ãããšãã§ããããšããŸãç¥ãããŠãããããã
ã®âå€å žçâãªæ¹æ³ã®åã ã¯åšç¥ã®æ¬ ç¹åã³äžå©
çãªç¹ãæãç¡æ°Žé ¢é žã®è£œé ã®ããã®æ¹è¯ããã
æ¹æ³ã®æ¢æ±ãã€ã¥ããããŠæ¥ããäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±
第2729561å·ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2730546å·åã³ç±³åœç¹èš±
第2789137å·ã«ã¯çš®ã ã®åå¿äœã«äžé žåççŽ ãäœ
çšãããïŒã«ã«ããã«ååå¿ïŒããšã«ããç¡æ°Žç©
ã®è£œé ã«ã€ããŠã®ææ¡ãèšèŒãããŠãããããã
ã«ã«ããã«ååå¿ãå«ããã®ãããªå è¡æè¡ã®æ
æ¡ã¯éåžžã«é«ãå§åã®äœ¿çšãå¿ èŠãšãããäœãå§
åã§ã®ã«ã«ããã«ååå¿ãææ¡ããããé ¢é žè£œé
ãžã®ïŒã€ã®çµè·¯ãšããŠã§ãã€ããäŸãã°ãã©ã³ã¹
ç¹èš±ç¬¬1573130å·ã¯äžèšç±³åœç¹èš±ã«ããäŒå³ãã
å§åãããäžå±€æž©åãªå§åäžãã€ãªãžãŠã ãçœ
éããã©ãžãŠã ããªã¹ããŠã åã³ã«ãããŠã ã®å
åç©ã®ååšäžåã³èçŽ ãŸãã¯æ²çŽ ã®ååšäžã¡ã¿ã
ãŒã«åã³ã¡ã¿ããŒã«ãšé ¢é žã¡ãã«ãšã®æ··åç©ã®ã«
ã«ããã«ååå¿ãèšèŒããŠãããåæ§ã«ãåã¢ã
ãªã«ç¹èš±ç¬¬68ïŒ2174å·ã¯èçŽ ãŸãã¯æ²çŽ æåãšãš
ãã«ããžãŠã æåã䜿çšããŠåãåå¿äœããé ¢é ž
ãçæããŠãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3689533å·åã³ç±³åœ
ç¹èš±ç¬¬3717670å·ã¯æ äœäžã«åæ£ãããããžãŠã
æåãå«ãçš®ã ã®è§Šåªã䜿çšããé ¢é žè£œé ã®ãã
ã®æ°çžæ³ãé瀺ããŠããã ããã«æè¿ã«ã¯ãã«ã®ãŒç¹èš±ç¬¬819455å·ã¯ãè
çŽ ãŸãã¯æ²çŽ éšåã®ååšäžãå Žåã«ããã第
æã第æã第æã第æåã³ç¬¬ïŒ¢æ
ã®ïŒãã倧ããååéãæããå çŽ ã§ããå°ãªã
ãšãïŒçš®ã®éå±ã第æã®ã貎éå±ã§ãªãéå±ã
ãŸãã¯åšèŠåŸè¡šã®ã©ã³ã¿ãã矀åã³ã¢ã¯ããã矀
ã®éå±ãåã³ãããã®ååç©ãå«ãä¿é²å€ã®ååš
äžã第æã®è²Žéå±è§Šåªã䜿çšããŠãæããšã¹ã
ã«ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒãšãŒãã«ãã«ã«ããã«ååå¿
ãããŠç¡æ°Žã«ã«ãã³é žãçæããããšã瀺ããŠã
ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3927078å·ã¯ã第æ貎éå±åå
ç©ã®ååšäžãåã³æ²åç©ãŸãã¯èåç©ä¿é²å€ã®å
åšäžé ¢é žã¡ãã«ãŸãã¯ãžã¡ãã«ãšãŒãã«ã®ã«ã«ã
ãã«ååå¿ã«ããç¡æ°Žé ¢é žã®è£œé ã瀺ããŠããã
åå¿ç³»äžã«ãããã³äŸäžäœãå«ãŸããããšãç¹åŸŽ
ãšããŠãããã«ã€ã¹é žãå Žåã«ãã䜿çšããããš
ããŸãé瀺ãããŠããã ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4046807å·ã¯è²Žéå±ååç©è§Šåªåã³
æ²åç©ã䜿çšããŠé ¢é žã¡ãã«ãã«ã«ããã«ååå¿
ãããŠç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãçæããããšããŸã瀺ããŠãã
ãããŠä¿é²å€ãšããŠããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãå
ç¬ãŸãã¯é ¢é žã³ãã«ããšçµã¿åãããŠäœ¿çšããã
ãšã瀺ããŠããããã«ã®ãŒç¹èš±ç¬¬839321å·ã¯æ²å
ç©ãŸãã¯èåç©ã®ååšäžãããŠãã¹ãã€ã³ãã¢ã«
ã·ã³ãŸãã¯ã¹ããã³ã§ããåŸãä¿é²å€ã®ååšäžç¬¬
æ貎éå±è§Šåªã䜿çšããŠäžé žåççŽ åã³æ°ŽçŽ ã
é ¢é žã¡ãã«ãŸãã¯ãžã¡ãã«ãšãŒãã«ãšåå¿ããã
ããšã«ãããšããªãã³ãžã¢ã»ããŒãã補é ããæ¹
æ³ã瀺ããŠãããæãå Žåã«ã¯ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå¯çç©
ãšããŠçæããã ããã«æè¿ã«ãªããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4115444å·ã¯ã
æ²åç©ãŸãã¯èåç©ãå«æããç³»ã«ããã第æ
貎éå±ãŸãã¯ãããã®ååç©ã®ååšäžãããŠçªçŽ
åã³ãããïŒäŸ¡ã§ããææ©âçªçŽ ååç©ãŸãã¯æ
æ©âããååç©ãšçµã¿åãããŠã第æã第
æåã³ç¬¬ïŒ¢æã®å°ãªããšãïŒçš®ã®éå±ãŸãã¯
第æã®ã貎éå±ã§ãªãéå±ã®ä¿é²å€ã®ååšäžç¹
å®ã®ãšã¹ãã«åã³ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒãšãŒãã«ãã«ã«ãã
ã«åå¿ãããç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå å«ããç¡æ°Žã«ã«ãã³é ž
ã補é ããããã®æ¹è¯ãããæ¹æ³ãé瀺ããŠã
ãã ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žã®è£œé ã®ããã®ããã«æ¹è¯ãããæ¹æ³
ãæäŸããããšãåã³ç¹ã«ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4115444å·
ã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããæ¹è¯ãæäŸããããšãæ¬çºæã®ç®
çã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ããã°ã第æ貎éå±è§Šåªã®ååšäžã
æ²åç©ãŸãã¯èåç©ã§ããããã²ã³åç©ã®ååš
äžããããŠææ©ããååç©ãŸãã¯ææ©çªçŽ ååç©
ïŒäœãçªçŽ åã³ããã¯ïŒäŸ¡ã§ããïŒãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ã·
ã³ãšçµã¿åãããŠéå±åœ¢æ ããŸãã¯ãŒã䟡圢æ ã®
ãžã«ã³ããŠã ãå«ãä¿é²å€ã®ååšäžãå®è³ªçã«ç¡
æ°Žæ¡ä»¶äžãé ¢é žã¡ãã«ãã«ã«ããã«ååå¿ãã
ãã ãã®è§Šåªâä¿é²å€ç³»ã¯é©ãã¹ãã»ã©ã«å¢å€§ãã
ãåå¿çãå¯èœã«ããããšãèŠåºãããããã®è§Š
åªâä¿é²å€ã®çµã¿åããããå®çŸãããåå¿ã®å²
ååã³åäœæéãããã®çæç©æ¿åºŠãäºæ³å€ã«æ Œ
å¥ã«é«ãããšãåãã€ãã 第æã®è²Žéå±è§Šåªãå³ã¡ãã€ãªãžãŠã ããªã¹
ããŠã ãçœéããã©ãžãŠã ãããžãŠã ãã«ãããŠ
ã ã¯ãä»»æã®éœåã®ãã圢æ ãå³ã¡ããŒã䟡ç¶æ
ã§ãŸãã¯ä»»æã®ããé«ã䟡æ°åœ¢ã§äœ¿çšã§ãããäŸ
ãã°ãå ããããã¹ã觊åªã¯ã埮现ãªåœ¢æ ã§éå±
èªäœã§ãã€ãŠãããããŸãã¯éå±çé žå¡©ãéå±é ž
åç©ãéå±æ°Žé žåç©ãéå±èåç©ãéå±æ²åç©ã
éå±å¡©åç©ãéå±äœçŽã¢ã«ã³ãã·ãïŒã¡ããã·
ãïŒéå±ããšããã·ãããŸãã¯éå±ã«ã«ãã³é žå¡©
ïŒã«ã«ãã³é žã€ãªã³ãïŒãªãã20åã®ççŽ ååã¢
ã«ã«ã³é žããç±æ¥ããïŒãšããŠã§ãã€ãŠãè¯ãã
åæ§ã«ãéå±ã®é¯äœãã䜿çšã§ããäŸãã°ã€ãªãž
ãŠã ã«ã«ããã«åã³ããžãŠã ã«ã«ããã«ãäŸãã°
ãããµããžãŠã ãããµãã«ã«ã«ããã«ã®ãããªé
å±ã«ã«ããã«ã䜿çšã§ããŸãã¯äŸãã°ã€ãªãžãŠã
ããªã«ã«ããã«ã¯ãã©ã€ããIrïŒCOïŒ3Clã2ãŸãã¯
ã¯ãããžã«ã«ããã«ããžãŠã äºéäœã®ãããªã«ã«
ããã«ããã²ã³åç©ãããã¯ã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒ
ããäŸãã°ããžãŠã ã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãRh
ïŒC5H7O2ïŒ3ã®ãããªä»ã®é¯äœé¡ãšããŠäœ¿çšã§ã
ããäžã«æãã觊åªã®äžã«ã¯äžèšææ©ä¿é²å€ãã
ç±æ¥ããææ©ä¿é²å€é äœåãšç¬¬æã®è²Žéå±ãšã®
é¯äœãå å«ããããäžèšã®ååç©åã³é¯äœã¯ç¬¬
æ貎éå±è§Šåªã®é©åœãªåœ¢æ ã®åãªãäŸç€ºã§ããã
éå®ããããšãæå³ããŠãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã åã«ç€ºããããã«ããžã«ã³ããŠã ã¯éå±åœ¢æ ãŸ
ãã¯ãŒã䟡圢æ ã§äœ¿çšããããã®åœ¢æ ã«ããããž
ã«ã³ããŠã ã¯ãžã«ã³ããŠã ååç©ã«ãã€ãŠã¯äžã
ãããªã掻æ§ã瀺ãããšããã©ããã¹ãããšã«å
ãã€ããããã«ããžã«ã³ããŠã éå±ã¯ãã®ãã©ã
ãã¹ããã€äºæ³å€ã®æŽ»æ§ãå®çŸãããããã«é ¢é ž
ã®ååšãå¿ èŠãšãããããã«ãžã«ã³ããŠã ã¯äžã«
å®çŸ©ãããŠãããããªã¢ã«ã·ã³ãŸãã¯ææ©ããå
åç©ãŸãã¯ææ©çªçŽ ååç©ãšãšãã«æå¹ã§ãã
ããã¹ããã³ãšãšãã«ã¯äžæŽ»æ§ã§ããããšãåã
ã€ãã æ¬çºæã«åŸãã€ãŠäœ¿çšãããã¢ã«ã·ã³ã¯åŒ åŒäžãïŒR1åã³R2ã¯åç°åŒã¢ãªãŒã«åºã«
ãã瀺ãããã åç°åŒã¢ãªãŒã«åºã¯ããšãã«ã奜ãŸããããïŒ
åãŸãã¯ãã以äžã®ççŽ ååãå«æããã¢ã«ãã«
åºãäŸãã°ã¡ãã«ãšãã«ãããã«ãããã«ããã³
ãã«åã³ããã·ã«ã®ãããªïŒåãŸã§ã®ççŽ ååã
å«æããã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ïŒåãŸãã¯ãã以äžã§çœ®æ
ãããããšãã«ã§ãã€ãŠè¯ãã ããšãã«åºã¯ããã²ã³ãäŸãã°ã¯ããããŸãã¯
ã·ã¢ãçã®ãããªä»ã®éâåå¿æ§çœ®æåºã§çœ®æã
ããããšããŸãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«äœ¿çšãã
ãã¢ã«ã·ã³ã®ä»£è¡šçãªäŸã¯ããªããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·
ã³ãããªâïœâããªã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ããžã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ãã¡ãã«ãžããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ãã¡ãã«
ãžããªã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ããžã¡ãã«ã¯ããããšãã«ã¢ã«
ã·ã³ããžã¡ãã«ã·ã¢ãããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ããã¹â
ïŒãžããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ïŒã¡ã¿ã³ããã¹âïŒãžããšã
ã«ã¢ã«ã·ãïŒãšã¿ã³ããã¹âïŒãžããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·
ãïŒãããã³ããã¹âïŒãžããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ïŒã
ã¿ã³ãããã©ããšãã«ãâã¢ã«ã·ã³ãããªãšãã«
ã¢ã«ã·ã³ãçãå å«ãããã¢ã«ãã«ãžã¢ãªãŒã«ã¢
ã«ã·ã³ãç¹ã«ã¡ãã«ãžããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ãæã奜
ãŸããã åºãæå³ã§ãçªçŽ ä¿é²å€åã³ããä¿é²å€ã¯ãçª
çŽ åã³ãããïŒäŸ¡ã§ããä»»æã®ææ©çªçŽ ååç©ãŸ
ãã¯ææ©âããååç©ã§ããåŸããããããªã
ãã奜ãŸããã¯ææ©çªçŽ ä¿é²å€ã¯ãã¢ãã³ãç¹ã«
åŒ ãåŒäžãR5ïŒR6åã³R7ã¯åãã§ãããç°ãªã€
ãŠããããããŠå¥œãŸããã¯20åãŸã§ã®ççŽ ååã
æãããéå¹²æžæ§åºã«ãã眮æãããŠããŠãã
ããã¢ã«ãã«ãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã¢ãªãŒã«ãŸãã¯
ã¢ã·ã«åºã§ãããã®ïŒçŽã¢ãã³ãäŸãã°ããªã¡ã
ã«ã¢ãã³ãããªãšãã«ã¢ãã³ãããªããšãã«ã¢ã
ã³ããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³åé ¢é žçããŸãã¯ããªãž
ã³ããã³ãªã³ããããªã³ãã¡ãã«ãããªã³ããã
ããã·ãããªã³ããããŒã«ããããªãžã³ããããª
ãã³çã®ãããªè€çŽ ç°åŒã¢ãã³ããŸãã¯ã€ãããŸ
ãŒã«ãã¡ãã«ã€ãããŸãŒã«çã®ãããªã€ãããŸãŒ
ã«ããŸãã¯ïŒå¡©åºé žãŸãã¯å€å¡©é žã§ãã€ãŠè¯ãã
ããŠèèªæãŸãã¯è³éŠæã§ãã€ãŠãè¯ããããŠå¥œ
ãŸããã¯20åãŸã§ã®ççŽ ååãæããã«ã«ãã³
é žãäŸãã°ããã¯ãé žããã¿ã«é žãããã¡ãªãã
é žãã®ã€ãããäŸãã°ããµã¯ã·ã³ã€ããããã¿ã«
ã€ããåã³ããã¡ãªããé žãžã€ããããŸãã¯èèª
æãŸãã¯è³éŠæã§ãã€ãŠè¯ããããŠå¥œãŸããã¯20
åãŸã§ã®ççŽ ååãå«æãããããªã«ãŸãã¯ã¢ã
ããäŸãã°ã¢ã»ããããªã«ããããµã¡ãã«ããé ž
ããªã¢ãããïŒïŒ®âãžã¡ãã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããåã³
åæ§ã®ã€ãããåæ§ã®ãããªã«åã³åæ§ã®ã¢ã
ãããŸãã¯ãªãã·ã ãäŸãã°ã·ã¯ããããµãã³ãª
ãã·ã çã§ãããããããªãããé«ååéã®ä¿é²
å€ãäŸãã°ããªããã«ããªãžã³ãããªããã«ãã
ãªãã³çã®ãããªææ©âçªçŽ ååç©ã®éåäœåœ¢ã
䜿çšããŠãè¯ãããšãç解ããããã ææ©ããä¿é²å€ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãåŒ ãåŒäžãR8åã³R9ã¯åãã§ãã€ãŠããŸãã¯ç°
ãªã€ãŠããŠãããããããŠã¢ã«ãã«ãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«
ãã«ãã¢ãªãŒã«åºãã¢ããåºãŸãã¯ããã²ã³åå
ã§ãããR10ã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã¢ãª
ãŒã«ãã¢ããåºãããã²ã³ååãŸãã¯åº
é æ¹æ³ã«é¢ããã ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žã¯å€å¹Žã«ããã€ãŠå·¥æ¥çååŠè¬å€ãšã
ãŠç¥ãããŠæ¥ãŠãããããŠå€éãé ¢é žã»ã«ããŒãº
ã®è£œé ã«äœ¿çšãããŠãããããã¯æ®éã«ã¯ã±ãã³
ãšé ¢é žãšã®åå¿ã«ããå·¥æ¥çèŠæš¡ã§è£œé ãããŠæ¥
ããäŸãã°ãšããªãã³ãžã¢ã»ããŒãã®å解ã«ãã
ãªãã³ã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ã«ãããã®é žåã«ãã補é ãã
ãããšãã§ããããšããŸãç¥ãããŠãããããã
ã®âå€å žçâãªæ¹æ³ã®åã ã¯åšç¥ã®æ¬ ç¹åã³äžå©
çãªç¹ãæãç¡æ°Žé ¢é žã®è£œé ã®ããã®æ¹è¯ããã
æ¹æ³ã®æ¢æ±ãã€ã¥ããããŠæ¥ããäŸãã°ç±³åœç¹èš±
第2729561å·ãç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬2730546å·åã³ç±³åœç¹èš±
第2789137å·ã«ã¯çš®ã ã®åå¿äœã«äžé žåççŽ ãäœ
çšãããïŒã«ã«ããã«ååå¿ïŒããšã«ããç¡æ°Žç©
ã®è£œé ã«ã€ããŠã®ææ¡ãèšèŒãããŠãããããã
ã«ã«ããã«ååå¿ãå«ããã®ãããªå è¡æè¡ã®æ
æ¡ã¯éåžžã«é«ãå§åã®äœ¿çšãå¿ èŠãšãããäœãå§
åã§ã®ã«ã«ããã«ååå¿ãææ¡ããããé ¢é žè£œé
ãžã®ïŒã€ã®çµè·¯ãšããŠã§ãã€ããäŸãã°ãã©ã³ã¹
ç¹èš±ç¬¬1573130å·ã¯äžèšç±³åœç¹èš±ã«ããäŒå³ãã
å§åãããäžå±€æž©åãªå§åäžãã€ãªãžãŠã ãçœ
éããã©ãžãŠã ããªã¹ããŠã åã³ã«ãããŠã ã®å
åç©ã®ååšäžåã³èçŽ ãŸãã¯æ²çŽ ã®ååšäžã¡ã¿ã
ãŒã«åã³ã¡ã¿ããŒã«ãšé ¢é žã¡ãã«ãšã®æ··åç©ã®ã«
ã«ããã«ååå¿ãèšèŒããŠãããåæ§ã«ãåã¢ã
ãªã«ç¹èš±ç¬¬68ïŒ2174å·ã¯èçŽ ãŸãã¯æ²çŽ æåãšãš
ãã«ããžãŠã æåã䜿çšããŠåãåå¿äœããé ¢é ž
ãçæããŠãããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3689533å·åã³ç±³åœ
ç¹èš±ç¬¬3717670å·ã¯æ äœäžã«åæ£ãããããžãŠã
æåãå«ãçš®ã ã®è§Šåªã䜿çšããé ¢é žè£œé ã®ãã
ã®æ°çžæ³ãé瀺ããŠããã ããã«æè¿ã«ã¯ãã«ã®ãŒç¹èš±ç¬¬819455å·ã¯ãè
çŽ ãŸãã¯æ²çŽ éšåã®ååšäžãå Žåã«ããã第
æã第æã第æã第æåã³ç¬¬ïŒ¢æ
ã®ïŒãã倧ããååéãæããå çŽ ã§ããå°ãªã
ãšãïŒçš®ã®éå±ã第æã®ã貎éå±ã§ãªãéå±ã
ãŸãã¯åšèŠåŸè¡šã®ã©ã³ã¿ãã矀åã³ã¢ã¯ããã矀
ã®éå±ãåã³ãããã®ååç©ãå«ãä¿é²å€ã®ååš
äžã第æã®è²Žéå±è§Šåªã䜿çšããŠãæããšã¹ã
ã«ããã³ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒãšãŒãã«ãã«ã«ããã«ååå¿
ãããŠç¡æ°Žã«ã«ãã³é žãçæããããšã瀺ããŠã
ããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3927078å·ã¯ã第æ貎éå±åå
ç©ã®ååšäžãåã³æ²åç©ãŸãã¯èåç©ä¿é²å€ã®å
åšäžé ¢é žã¡ãã«ãŸãã¯ãžã¡ãã«ãšãŒãã«ã®ã«ã«ã
ãã«ååå¿ã«ããç¡æ°Žé ¢é žã®è£œé ã瀺ããŠããã
åå¿ç³»äžã«ãããã³äŸäžäœãå«ãŸããããšãç¹åŸŽ
ãšããŠãããã«ã€ã¹é žãå Žåã«ãã䜿çšããããš
ããŸãé瀺ãããŠããã ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4046807å·ã¯è²Žéå±ååç©è§Šåªåã³
æ²åç©ã䜿çšããŠé ¢é žã¡ãã«ãã«ã«ããã«ååå¿
ãããŠç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãçæããããšããŸã瀺ããŠãã
ãããŠä¿é²å€ãšããŠããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãå
ç¬ãŸãã¯é ¢é žã³ãã«ããšçµã¿åãããŠäœ¿çšããã
ãšã瀺ããŠããããã«ã®ãŒç¹èš±ç¬¬839321å·ã¯æ²å
ç©ãŸãã¯èåç©ã®ååšäžãããŠãã¹ãã€ã³ãã¢ã«
ã·ã³ãŸãã¯ã¹ããã³ã§ããåŸãä¿é²å€ã®ååšäžç¬¬
æ貎éå±è§Šåªã䜿çšããŠäžé žåççŽ åã³æ°ŽçŽ ã
é ¢é žã¡ãã«ãŸãã¯ãžã¡ãã«ãšãŒãã«ãšåå¿ããã
ããšã«ãããšããªãã³ãžã¢ã»ããŒãã補é ããæ¹
æ³ã瀺ããŠãããæãå Žåã«ã¯ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå¯çç©
ãšããŠçæããã ããã«æè¿ã«ãªããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4115444å·ã¯ã
æ²åç©ãŸãã¯èåç©ãå«æããç³»ã«ããã第æ
貎éå±ãŸãã¯ãããã®ååç©ã®ååšäžãããŠçªçŽ
åã³ãããïŒäŸ¡ã§ããææ©âçªçŽ ååç©ãŸãã¯æ
æ©âããååç©ãšçµã¿åãããŠã第æã第
æåã³ç¬¬ïŒ¢æã®å°ãªããšãïŒçš®ã®éå±ãŸãã¯
第æã®ã貎éå±ã§ãªãéå±ã®ä¿é²å€ã®ååšäžç¹
å®ã®ãšã¹ãã«åã³ïŒãŸãã¯ïŒãšãŒãã«ãã«ã«ãã
ã«åå¿ãããç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå å«ããç¡æ°Žã«ã«ãã³é ž
ã補é ããããã®æ¹è¯ãããæ¹æ³ãé瀺ããŠã
ãã ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žã®è£œé ã®ããã®ããã«æ¹è¯ãããæ¹æ³
ãæäŸããããšãåã³ç¹ã«ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬4115444å·
ã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããæ¹è¯ãæäŸããããšãæ¬çºæã®ç®
çã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ããã°ã第æ貎éå±è§Šåªã®ååšäžã
æ²åç©ãŸãã¯èåç©ã§ããããã²ã³åç©ã®ååš
äžããããŠææ©ããååç©ãŸãã¯ææ©çªçŽ ååç©
ïŒäœãçªçŽ åã³ããã¯ïŒäŸ¡ã§ããïŒãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ã·
ã³ãšçµã¿åãããŠéå±åœ¢æ ããŸãã¯ãŒã䟡圢æ ã®
ãžã«ã³ããŠã ãå«ãä¿é²å€ã®ååšäžãå®è³ªçã«ç¡
æ°Žæ¡ä»¶äžãé ¢é žã¡ãã«ãã«ã«ããã«ååå¿ãã
ãã ãã®è§Šåªâä¿é²å€ç³»ã¯é©ãã¹ãã»ã©ã«å¢å€§ãã
ãåå¿çãå¯èœã«ããããšãèŠåºãããããã®è§Š
åªâä¿é²å€ã®çµã¿åããããå®çŸãããåå¿ã®å²
ååã³åäœæéãããã®çæç©æ¿åºŠãäºæ³å€ã«æ Œ
å¥ã«é«ãããšãåãã€ãã 第æã®è²Žéå±è§Šåªãå³ã¡ãã€ãªãžãŠã ããªã¹
ããŠã ãçœéããã©ãžãŠã ãããžãŠã ãã«ãããŠ
ã ã¯ãä»»æã®éœåã®ãã圢æ ãå³ã¡ããŒã䟡ç¶æ
ã§ãŸãã¯ä»»æã®ããé«ã䟡æ°åœ¢ã§äœ¿çšã§ãããäŸ
ãã°ãå ããããã¹ã觊åªã¯ã埮现ãªåœ¢æ ã§éå±
èªäœã§ãã€ãŠãããããŸãã¯éå±çé žå¡©ãéå±é ž
åç©ãéå±æ°Žé žåç©ãéå±èåç©ãéå±æ²åç©ã
éå±å¡©åç©ãéå±äœçŽã¢ã«ã³ãã·ãïŒã¡ããã·
ãïŒéå±ããšããã·ãããŸãã¯éå±ã«ã«ãã³é žå¡©
ïŒã«ã«ãã³é žã€ãªã³ãïŒãªãã20åã®ççŽ ååã¢
ã«ã«ã³é žããç±æ¥ããïŒãšããŠã§ãã€ãŠãè¯ãã
åæ§ã«ãéå±ã®é¯äœãã䜿çšã§ããäŸãã°ã€ãªãž
ãŠã ã«ã«ããã«åã³ããžãŠã ã«ã«ããã«ãäŸãã°
ãããµããžãŠã ãããµãã«ã«ã«ããã«ã®ãããªé
å±ã«ã«ããã«ã䜿çšã§ããŸãã¯äŸãã°ã€ãªãžãŠã
ããªã«ã«ããã«ã¯ãã©ã€ããIrïŒCOïŒ3Clã2ãŸãã¯
ã¯ãããžã«ã«ããã«ããžãŠã äºéäœã®ãããªã«ã«
ããã«ããã²ã³åç©ãããã¯ã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒ
ããäŸãã°ããžãŠã ã¢ã»ãã«ã¢ã»ãããŒãRh
ïŒC5H7O2ïŒ3ã®ãããªä»ã®é¯äœé¡ãšããŠäœ¿çšã§ã
ããäžã«æãã觊åªã®äžã«ã¯äžèšææ©ä¿é²å€ãã
ç±æ¥ããææ©ä¿é²å€é äœåãšç¬¬æã®è²Žéå±ãšã®
é¯äœãå å«ããããäžèšã®ååç©åã³é¯äœã¯ç¬¬
æ貎éå±è§Šåªã®é©åœãªåœ¢æ ã®åãªãäŸç€ºã§ããã
éå®ããããšãæå³ããŠãããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã åã«ç€ºããããã«ããžã«ã³ããŠã ã¯éå±åœ¢æ ãŸ
ãã¯ãŒã䟡圢æ ã§äœ¿çšããããã®åœ¢æ ã«ããããž
ã«ã³ããŠã ã¯ãžã«ã³ããŠã ååç©ã«ãã€ãŠã¯äžã
ãããªã掻æ§ã瀺ãããšããã©ããã¹ãããšã«å
ãã€ããããã«ããžã«ã³ããŠã éå±ã¯ãã®ãã©ã
ãã¹ããã€äºæ³å€ã®æŽ»æ§ãå®çŸãããããã«é ¢é ž
ã®ååšãå¿ èŠãšãããããã«ãžã«ã³ããŠã ã¯äžã«
å®çŸ©ãããŠãããããªã¢ã«ã·ã³ãŸãã¯ææ©ããå
åç©ãŸãã¯ææ©çªçŽ ååç©ãšãšãã«æå¹ã§ãã
ããã¹ããã³ãšãšãã«ã¯äžæŽ»æ§ã§ããããšãåã
ã€ãã æ¬çºæã«åŸãã€ãŠäœ¿çšãããã¢ã«ã·ã³ã¯åŒ åŒäžãïŒR1åã³R2ã¯åç°åŒã¢ãªãŒã«åºã«
ãã瀺ãããã åç°åŒã¢ãªãŒã«åºã¯ããšãã«ã奜ãŸããããïŒ
åãŸãã¯ãã以äžã®ççŽ ååãå«æããã¢ã«ãã«
åºãäŸãã°ã¡ãã«ãšãã«ãããã«ãããã«ããã³
ãã«åã³ããã·ã«ã®ãããªïŒåãŸã§ã®ççŽ ååã
å«æããã¢ã«ãã«åºã®ïŒåãŸãã¯ãã以äžã§çœ®æ
ãããããšãã«ã§ãã€ãŠè¯ãã ããšãã«åºã¯ããã²ã³ãäŸãã°ã¯ããããŸãã¯
ã·ã¢ãçã®ãããªä»ã®éâåå¿æ§çœ®æåºã§çœ®æã
ããããšããŸãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«äœ¿çšãã
ãã¢ã«ã·ã³ã®ä»£è¡šçãªäŸã¯ããªããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·
ã³ãããªâïœâããªã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ããžã¡ãã«ããšã
ã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ãã¡ãã«ãžããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ãã¡ãã«
ãžããªã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ããžã¡ãã«ã¯ããããšãã«ã¢ã«
ã·ã³ããžã¡ãã«ã·ã¢ãããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ããã¹â
ïŒãžããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ïŒã¡ã¿ã³ããã¹âïŒãžããšã
ã«ã¢ã«ã·ãïŒãšã¿ã³ããã¹âïŒãžããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·
ãïŒãããã³ããã¹âïŒãžããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ïŒã
ã¿ã³ãããã©ããšãã«ãâã¢ã«ã·ã³ãããªãšãã«
ã¢ã«ã·ã³ãçãå å«ãããã¢ã«ãã«ãžã¢ãªãŒã«ã¢
ã«ã·ã³ãç¹ã«ã¡ãã«ãžããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ãæã奜
ãŸããã åºãæå³ã§ãçªçŽ ä¿é²å€åã³ããä¿é²å€ã¯ãçª
çŽ åã³ãããïŒäŸ¡ã§ããä»»æã®ææ©çªçŽ ååç©ãŸ
ãã¯ææ©âããååç©ã§ããåŸããããããªã
ãã奜ãŸããã¯ææ©çªçŽ ä¿é²å€ã¯ãã¢ãã³ãç¹ã«
åŒ ãåŒäžãR5ïŒR6åã³R7ã¯åãã§ãããç°ãªã€
ãŠããããããŠå¥œãŸããã¯20åãŸã§ã®ççŽ ååã
æãããéå¹²æžæ§åºã«ãã眮æãããŠããŠãã
ããã¢ã«ãã«ãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã¢ãªãŒã«ãŸãã¯
ã¢ã·ã«åºã§ãããã®ïŒçŽã¢ãã³ãäŸãã°ããªã¡ã
ã«ã¢ãã³ãããªãšãã«ã¢ãã³ãããªããšãã«ã¢ã
ã³ããšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³åé ¢é žçããŸãã¯ããªãž
ã³ããã³ãªã³ããããªã³ãã¡ãã«ãããªã³ããã
ããã·ãããªã³ããããŒã«ããããªãžã³ããããª
ãã³çã®ãããªè€çŽ ç°åŒã¢ãã³ããŸãã¯ã€ãããŸ
ãŒã«ãã¡ãã«ã€ãããŸãŒã«çã®ãããªã€ãããŸãŒ
ã«ããŸãã¯ïŒå¡©åºé žãŸãã¯å€å¡©é žã§ãã€ãŠè¯ãã
ããŠèèªæãŸãã¯è³éŠæã§ãã€ãŠãè¯ããããŠå¥œ
ãŸããã¯20åãŸã§ã®ççŽ ååãæããã«ã«ãã³
é žãäŸãã°ããã¯ãé žããã¿ã«é žãããã¡ãªãã
é žãã®ã€ãããäŸãã°ããµã¯ã·ã³ã€ããããã¿ã«
ã€ããåã³ããã¡ãªããé žãžã€ããããŸãã¯èèª
æãŸãã¯è³éŠæã§ãã€ãŠè¯ããããŠå¥œãŸããã¯20
åãŸã§ã®ççŽ ååãå«æãããããªã«ãŸãã¯ã¢ã
ããäŸãã°ã¢ã»ããããªã«ããããµã¡ãã«ããé ž
ããªã¢ãããïŒïŒ®âãžã¡ãã«ã¢ã»ãã¢ããåã³
åæ§ã®ã€ãããåæ§ã®ãããªã«åã³åæ§ã®ã¢ã
ãããŸãã¯ãªãã·ã ãäŸãã°ã·ã¯ããããµãã³ãª
ãã·ã çã§ãããããããªãããé«ååéã®ä¿é²
å€ãäŸãã°ããªããã«ããªãžã³ãããªããã«ãã
ãªãã³çã®ãããªææ©âçªçŽ ååç©ã®éåäœåœ¢ã
䜿çšããŠãè¯ãããšãç解ããããã ææ©ããä¿é²å€ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãåŒ ãåŒäžãR8åã³R9ã¯åãã§ãã€ãŠããŸãã¯ç°
ãªã€ãŠããŠãããããããŠã¢ã«ãã«ãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«
ãã«ãã¢ãªãŒã«åºãã¢ããåºãŸãã¯ããã²ã³åå
ã§ãããR10ã¯ã¢ã«ãã«ãã·ã¯ãã¢ã«ãã«ãã¢ãª
ãŒã«ãã¢ããåºãããã²ã³ååãŸãã¯åº
ãåŒãïŒäœããR11åã³R12ã¯åã
ã¢ãªãŒã«åºãŸãã¯ã¢ã«ãã«åºã§ãããïœã¯ãŒãã
ãŸãã¯ïŒâ20ã®æŽæ°ã§ããïŒã§ãããã®ãã¹ãã€
ã³ã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯ãåºã¯ã¢ã«ãã«åã³ã·ã¯ã
ã¢ã«ãã«åºã®å Žåã«ïŒãªãã20åççŽ ååãå«
ã¿ãã¢ãªãŒã«åºã®å Žåã«ïŒãªãã18åã®ççŽ åå
ãå«æããã代衚çãªãã¹ãã€ã³ã¯ããªã¡ãã«ã
ã¹ãã€ã³ãããªãããã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãããªã·ã¯ã
ããã·ã«ãã¹ãã€ã³åã³ããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³
ãå å«ããã ææ©ä¿é²å€ã¯è§Šåªç³»ã«å¥ã ã«å ããããããšã
奜ãŸããããããã第æ貎éå±ã®é¯äœãšããŠã
äŸãã°ããªã¯ããããªã¹ããªãžã³ããžãŠã ãããª
ã¹ïŒâããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ïŒããžãŠã ãã¯ã
ãããªã¹ïŒããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ïŒããžãŠã ã
ãããŠåè¿°ããã¯ããã«ã«ããã«ãã¹ïŒããªããš
ãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ïŒããžãŠã ãšããŠå ããããšãã§
ãããéé¢ã®ææ©ä¿é²å€ãšé¯äœåä¿é²å€ãšã®äž¡æ¹
ããŸã䜿çšã§ãããäºå®ãææ©ä¿é²å€ãšç¬¬æ貎
éå±ãšã®é¯äœã䜿çšãããå Žåãéé¢ææ©ä¿é²å€
ãããªããå ããããšã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ãå®æœããããšã«ãããŠãäžé žå
ççŽ ãé ¢é žã¡ãã«ãšåå¿ãããŠç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãçæã
ãããæ²åç©ããŸãã¯èåç©ãäŸãã°ããã²ã³å
ãããã«ã«ãã«ãç¹ã«ãæ²åã¡ãã«ã®ãããªãæ²
åç©ãŸãã¯èåç©ã§ããããã²ã³åäœçŽã¢ã«ãã«
ã®ååšäžã«ã«ããã«ååå¿ãèµ·ããããããã€
ãŠã代衚çãªå Žåã«ãããŠãæ²åã¡ãã«ã®ååšäž
ã«é ¢é žã¡ãã«ãã«ã«ããã«ååå¿ã«ãããããšã«
ããç¡æ°Žé ¢é žã¯æå¹ã«ã€ããããšãã§ããããã
ããå Žåã«ãããŠãäžèšã®è§Šåªâä¿é²å€ç³»ã®ååš
äžã«å®è³ªçã«ç¡æ°Žæ¡ä»¶äžã«ãã®ã«ã«ããã«ååå¿
ã¯è¡ãªãããã ããã²ã³åãããã«ã«ãã«ã¯ãã®å Žã§åœ¢æããŠ
ãè¯ããããŠãããã€ãŠãã®ããã²ã³åç©ã¯ãã
ã²ã³åãããã«ã«ãã«ãšããŠç³»ã«äŸçµŠã§ããã°ã
ãã§ãªããããã²ã³éšåã¯ä»ã®ææ©ããã²ã³åç©
ãšããŠãããããã©ã€ããšããŠãŸãã¯å¡©ãäŸãã°
ããã²ã³ã®ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±å¡©ãŸãã¯ä»ã®éå±å¡©ã®
ãããªä»ã®ç¡æ©ããã²ã³åç©ãšããŠãŸãã¯å çŽ ç¶
æ²çŽ ãŸãã¯èçŽ ãšããŠããŸãäŸçµŠã§ãããåå¿
åŸãåå¿æ··åç©ã®ææ©æåã¯ãåå¥èžçã«ããã
ãã«ããããã«å®¹æã«åé¢ãããã äžèšåå¿ã¯äžèšã®ãšããã«è¡šããããšãã§ã
ãã COïŒCH3COOCH3âïŒCH3COïŒ2O (1) æçµåå¿æ··åç©äžã«ååšãããããæ®çºæ§ã®ã
ãã²ã³åã¢ã«ãã«åã³ä»»æã®æªåå¿é ¢é žã¡ãã«ã¯
å埪ç°ã®ããã«èžççã«ãã容æã«é€å»ã§ããã
ãŠçæç©ã®çŽåéã¯å®è³ªçã«ãã¹ãŠææã®ç¡æ°Žã«
ã«ãã³é žã§ããã奜ãŸãã液çžåå¿ã®å Žåã«ãã
ãŠãææ©ååç©ã¯èžççã«ããéå±å«ææåãã
容æã«åé¢ããããäžé žåççŽ ãé ¢é žã¡ãã«ãã
ãã²ã³åç©åã³è²Žéå±è§Šåªåã³ä¿é²å€ãäŸçµŠãã
ãåå¿åž¯åã«ãããŠåå¿ã¯é©åœã«è¡ãªããããäž
èšåå¿ã«ãããŠæ°Žã¯çæããªããããŠç¡æ°Žã®æ¡ä»¶
ãŸãã¯å®è³ªçã«ç¡æ°Žã®æ¡ä»¶ã䜿çšãããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã®å®æœã«ãããŠãåºãç¯å²ã®æž©
床ãäŸãã°25ãªãã350âãé©åœã§ãããããã
100ãªãã250âã®æž©åºŠã䜿çšããã®ã奜ãŸããã
125ãªãã225âã®ç¯å²ã«äžè¬ã«ãã枩床ãããã«
奜ãŸãããäžèšæž©åºŠããäœã枩床ã䜿çšã§ããã
ãããæžå°ããåå¿çã«å°ãåŸåãããããããŠ
ããé«ã枩床ããŸã䜿çšã§ãããããããã®æž©åºŠ
ã䜿çšããããšãç¹ã«å©ç¹ããªããåå¿æéã¯ã
ããã«ã䜿çšãã枩床ã«å·Šå³ããããåå¿ã¯è¶ 倧
æ°å§äžè¡ãªãããããããç¹å¥ã®é«å§è£ 眮ãå¿ èŠ
ãšãã極端ã«é«ãå§åã¯å¿ èŠãªãã0.068ãªãã
680æ°å§ïŒïŒãªãã10000p.s.iïŒã®äžé žåççŽ åå§
ããŸã䜿çšã§ããããã©ãäžè¬ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ïŒãª
ãã68æ°å§ïŒ15ãªãã1000p.s.iïŒãããŠããã«å¥œ
ãŸããã¯ïŒãªãã48æ°å§ïŒ30ãªãã700p.s.iïŒã§
ããäžé žåççŽ åå§ã䜿çšããããšã«ããåå¿ã¯
æå¹ã«è¡ãªããããç¹å®ã®å€ã§ã®äžé žåççŽ ã®å
å§ãç¶æããããšã«ããé©åœéã®ãã®åå¿äœã¯åžž
ã«ååšãããå šå§ã¯æ¶²çžãç¶æããã®ã«å¿ èŠãšã
ããå šå§ã奜ãŸããããããŠãã®å Žåã«ãããŠã
ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒããŸãã¯åæ§ã®è£ 眮ã«ãããŠåå¿ã¯
æå©ã«è¡ãªãããšãã§ãããããã²ã³åãããã«
ã«ãã«ãåã³é ¢é žã¡ãã«ãéé¢ææ©ä¿é²å€åã³ç
æç©ã§ããç¡æ°Žç©ãåé¢ããã®ã«æå¹ãªåå¥èžç
å¡ãŸãã¯äžé£ã®å¡ã§ããåŸãèžç垯åã«åå¿çæ
ç©ãå°å ¥ããã®ã奜ãŸããããããã®æ°çš®ã®åå
ç©ã®æ²žç¹ã¯ãåŸæ¥ã®èžçã«ãããããã®åé¢ãç¹
å®ã®åé¡ãæããªãã»ã©ã¯ããã«ååã«é¢ããŠã
ããåæ§ã«ããé«ã沞ç¹ã®ææ©æåã¯ã貎éå±è§Š
åªããžã«ã³ããŠã ä¿é²å€ãåã³æ¯èŒçã«éæ®çºæ§
ã®åœ¢æ ã§ããåŸãä»»æã®ææ©ä¿é²å€ãã容æã«ç
å»ã§ãããããã²ã³åãããã«ã«ãã«åã³è²Žéå±
觊åªåã³ä¿é²å€ã¯ããããªéã®é ¢é žã¡ãã«åã³äž
é žåççŽ ãšæ¬¡ã«çµã¿åããããŠããããŠåå¿ããŠ
è¿œå ã®éã®ç¡æ°Žç©ãçæããããšãã§ããã åå¿ç³»ã«ãããããã²ã³åç©ã«å¯Ÿããé ¢é žã¡ã
ã«ã®å²åã¯åºãç¯å²ã«ããã€ãŠå€ããåŸãã代衚
çã«ã¯ããã²ã³åç©ã®ïŒã¢ã«ããã0.1ãªãã
1000ã¢ã«ã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒã¢ã«ãããïŒãªãã30ã¢
ã«ã䜿çšãããã åã«è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãæ¬æ¹æ³ã¯é ¢é žã®ååšäžè¡ãª
ãããããŠæå¹ãªçµæãåŸãããã«ã¯ãå šåå¿æ··
åç©ã®ïŒãªãã75ééïŒ ã奜ãŸããã¯10ãªãã30
ééïŒ ã®éã§é ¢é žãååšããããšãå¿ èŠãšããã
ææãªãã°ãé ¢é žã«å ããŠãä»ã®ææ©æº¶åªãŸãã¯
åžéå€ã䜿çšã§ãããããé«ã沞ç¹ã®æº¶åªãŸãã¯
åžéå€ã®ååšã¯ãããäžå±€æž©åãªå šå§ã䜿çšãã
ããšãå¯èœã«ãããå¥æ³ãšããŠã¯è¿œå ã®æº¶åªãŸã
ã¯åžéå€ã¯ãçåæ°ŽçŽ ãäŸãã°ãªã¯ã¿ã³ããã³ãŒ
ã³åã³ãã«ãšã³ã®ãããªãæ¬æ¹æ³ã®ç°å¢äžã«äžæŽ»
æ§ã§ããä»»æã®ææ©æº¶åªã§ããåŸãã é©åœã«ã¯åœæ¥è ã«æããã§ããããã«ãææã®
çæç©ã容æã«åé¢ã§ããããã«åå¿æ··åç©äžã®
ææã®çæç©ã®æ²žç¹ãšã¯ååã«ç°ãªã沞ç¹ãæã
ã溶åªãŸãã¯åžéå€ãéžã°ããã äžé žåççŽ ã¯åžè²©ãããŠãããããªå®è³ªçã«çŽ
ç²ãªåœ¢ã§äœ¿çšãããã®ã奜ãŸãããææãªãã°äº
é žåççŽ ãçªçŽ ãã¡ã¿ã³ãåã³è²Žã¬ã¹é¡ã®ãããª
äžæŽ»æ§ãªåžéå€ãååšã§ãããäžæŽ»æ§ãªåžéå€ã®
ååšã¯ã«ã«ããã«ååå¿ã«ã¯åœ±é¿ããªããããã
ãããã®ååšã¯ææã®COåå§ãç¶æããããã«
å šå§ãå¢å€§ãããããšãå¿ èŠãšãªããããããªã
ããäžé žåççŽ ããã³ä»ã®åå¿äœã¯æ¬è³ªçã«ä¹Ÿç¥
ããŠããã¹ãã§ãããå³ã¡COåã³ä»ã®åå¿äœã«
ã¯å®è³ªçã«æ°Žãååšãã¹ãã§ãªããããããªãã
åå¿äœã®åžè²©åœ¢æ ã«èŠåºããåŸããããªå°éã®æ°Ž
ã®ååšã¯åããããããšãã§ãããäžçŽç©ãšããŠ
éåžžã«å°éååšãåŸãæ°ŽçŽ ã¯äžéœåãªãã®ã§ã¯ãª
ããããŠè§Šåªãå®å®åããåŸåããããåŸãã 䜿çšãããéå±ã¯åžè²©ã®éå±ãŸãã¯éå±ååç©
ã«é垞䌎ãªãäžçŽç©ãå«æããŠããŠãè¯ãããã
ã«ç²Ÿè£œããå¿ èŠã¯ãªãããããã€ãŠã第æ貎é
å±è§Šåªã«ãããŠåžè²©ã®éå±ãŸãã¯éå±ååç©ã¯é©
åœã«äœ¿çšãããããŠåžè²©ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã éå±ã¯é
å±ä¿é²å€ãšããŠäœ¿çšã§ããã ã¢ã«ã·ã³ä¿é²å€ãããä¿é²å€ãŸãã¯çªçŽ ä¿é²å€
ã¯è§Šåªç³»ã«å¥ã ã«å ããããããšã奜ãŸãããã
ã©ãããããã第æ貎éå±ãšã®é¯äœãšããŠãäŸ
ãã°ã¯ããããªã¹âïŒããªããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ïŒã
ãžãŠã ãã¯ããã«ã«ããã«ïŒããªããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·
ã³ïŒããžãŠã ããããªãã«ã«ããã«ããªã¹âïŒã
ãªããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ïŒããžãŠã ã察å¿ããã¡ãã«
ãžããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ååç©ãããªã¯ããã«ã«ãã
ã«âãã¹âïŒããªããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ïŒããžãŠã å
ã³ããªã¯ããã«ã«ããã«âãã¹âïŒã¡ãã«ãžããš
ãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ïŒããžãŠã ãããªã¯ããã«ã«ããã«
âãã¹âïŒããªãšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ïŒããžãŠã ãåã³
察å¿ããããååç©é¯äœåã³å¯Ÿå¿ããçªçŽ ååç©
é¯äœãçã ãšããŠå ããããšãå¯èœã§ãããéé¢
ææ©ä¿é²å€åã³é¯äœåä¿é²å€ã®äž¡æ¹ããŸã䜿çšã§
ãããäºå®ãææ©ä¿é²å€ãšç¬¬æ貎éå±ãšã®é¯äœ
ã䜿çšãããå Žåãææãªãã°ãéé¢ææ©ä¿é²å€
ããªãå ããŠè¯ãã 第æ貎éå±è§Šåªã®éã¯æ±ºããŠèšççã§ãªã
ããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã§ãªããããŠåº
ãç¯å²ã«ããã€ãŠå€ããããšãã§ãããåœæ¥è ã«
åšç¥ã§ããããã«ã䜿çšããã觊åªã®éã¯ãææ
ã®é©åœãªåççãªåå¿çãäžããéã§ããããã
ããæ¬è³ªçã«ä»»æã®éã®è§Šåªãåºæ¬çãªåå¿ã容
æã«ããã€è§Šåªçã«æå¹ãªéãšèããããšãã§ã
ããããããå žåçã«ã¯ã觊åªã¯ãé ¢é žã¡ãã«ã®
10ãªãã100000ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢ã«ã®éã§ã奜ãŸã
ãã¯é ¢é žã¡ãã«ã®100ãªãã10000ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢
ã«ã®éã§ãæã奜ãŸããã¯é ¢é žã¡ãã«ã®500ãªã
ã2000ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢ã«ã®éã§äœ¿çšãããã ãžã«ã³ããŠã ä¿é²å€ã®éã¯åºãå€ããããšãã§
ãããå žåçã«ã¯ãžã«ã³ããŠã ä¿é²å€ã®éã¯ãé ¢
é žã¡ãã«ã®10ãªãã10000ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢ã«ã§ã
ãã奜ãŸããã¯ããã¯é ¢é žã¡ãã«ã®20ãªãã2000
ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢ã«ã®éã§ãæã奜ãŸããã¯ãé ¢é ž
ã¡ãã«ã®50ãªãã500ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢ã«ã®éã§äœ¿
çšããããææ©ä¿é²å€ã®éã¯ãŸãåºãå€ããããš
ãã§ããããããå žåçã«ã¯ãã®éã¯é ¢é žã¡ãã«
ã®ïŒãªãã10000ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢ã«ã®éã§ã奜ãŸ
ããã¯10ãªãã1000ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢ã«ã®éã§ãæ
ã奜ãŸããã¯é ¢é žã¡ãã«ã®15ãªãã200ã¢ã«ãã
ãïŒã¢ã«ã®éã§äœ¿çšãããã äžèšã®ããã«ãäŸãã°èžçã«ããåå¿æ··åç©ã®
åŠçã«ãããŠäžè¬ã«ãžã«ã³ããŠã ä¿é²å€ã¯ãå³ã¡
æäœæ®çºæ§æåã®ïŒã€ãšããŠã第æ貎éå±è§Šåª
ãšãšãã«æ®ãããããŠé©åœã«ã¯å埪ç°ããããã
ããªããã°è§Šåªãšãšãã«åãæ±ãããããææ©ä¿
é²å€ããŸãååãããã€å埪ç°ãããããšãã§ã
ãã äžèšåå¿ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ä¿é²å€çµã¿åããç©ãš
çµã¿åãããŠåå¿äœåã³è§Šåªãé©åœãªåå¿åž¯åã«
é£ç¶çã«äŸçµŠããããŠåå¿æ··åç©ãé£ç¶çã«èžç
ããŠãæ®çºæ§ææ©æåãåé¢ããããããŠä»ã®æ
æ©æåãå埪ç°ããããšãšãã«ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žããæ¬è³ª
çã«ãªãçŽçæç©ãäŸçµŠãããããŠæ¶²çžåå¿ã®å Ž
åã¯ãæ®ç第æ貎éå±âå«æïŒãã€ä¿é²å€âå«
æïŒçåãå埪ç°ããããé£ç¶çæäœã«äžèšåå¿
ãé©åãããããã®ãããªé£ç¶çæäœã®å Žåã«ã
ããŠãããã²ã³éšåã¯ãã€ãç³»äžã«æ®ããæã åŠ
çæåºåã³åŠçé€å»ã ããåãããããæã å¿ èŠ
ãšãªãå¯èœæ§ã®ããå°éã®ããã²ã³è£å ã¯ããã
ã²ã³åãããã«ã«ãã«ã®åœ¢ã§ããã²ã³ãäŸçµŠãã
ããšã«ããè¡ãªãã®ã奜ãŸãããããããäžã«ã
ããŠææããããã«ãããã²ã³éšåã¯ãä»ã®ææ©
ããã²ã³åç©ãšããŠåã¯ããã²ã³åæ°ŽçŽ ãšããŠãŸ
ãã¯ä»ã®ç¡æ©ããã²ã³åç©ãäŸãã°ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±
å¡©ãŸãã¯ä»ã®éå±å¡©ã®ãããªå¡©ãšããŠãŸãã¯å çŽ
ç¶æ²çŽ ãŸãã¯å çŽ ç¶èçŽ ãšããŠããŸãäŸçµŠã§ã
ãã 以äžã®å®æœäŸã¯æ¬çºæã®ããååãªç解ãäžã
ãå©ããšãªããã®ã§ããããããäŸç€ºã®ç®çã®ã
ãã«ã ãäžãããæ¬çºæãéå®ãããã®ãšããŠè§£
éãããã¹ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšãç解ãã¹ãã§ã
ããå®æœäŸã«ãããŠãã¹ãŠã®ããŒã»ã³ããŒãžã¯ç¹
ã«ä»ã®ããã«ç€ºããªãéãééã«ããã å®æœäŸã«ãããŠãçš®ã ã®åå¿äœåã³è§Šåªæåã
åå¿å®¹åšã«è£ å ¥ãã次ã«åå¿å®¹åšãéããããŠç€º
ããåå¿æž©åºŠã«ãããããç¹å®ãããåæã®äžé ž
åççŽ ã®åå§ã¯åå¿ã®å§ãŸã€ãæç¹ã§ã®ãå³ã¡ãŒ
ã転æã§ã®åå¿æž©åºŠã§ã®èšç®å€ã§ãããå šå§ã¯å
å¿ãé²è¡ããã«ã€ããŠå°å ¥ãããè¿œå ã®äžé žåç
çŽ ã«ããç¶æãããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ 80ééïŒ ã®é ¢é žã¡ãã«ã20ééïŒ ã®é ¢é žãïŒ
åœãã0.01ã¢ã«ã®ããžãŠã ããªã¯ãã©ã€ãæ°Žå
ç©ãïŒåœã0.6ã¢ã«ã®ãšãŠåã¡ãã«ãïŒåœã
0.04ã¢ã«ã®åŸ®ç²ç¶ãžã«ã³ããŠã éå±ãïŒåœã
0.16ã¢ã«ã®ããªããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ã®æ··åç©ããäž
çåæ°ŽçŽ ã®é°å²æ°äžã§é£ç¶å šå§çŽïŒKgïŒcm2
ïŒ700psigïŒãäžé žåççŽ ã®æåã®åå§çŽ29KgïŒcm2
ïŒ400psigïŒãæ¹æãããã¹ããã€è£œèå§å®¹åšäžã§
160âå ç±ãããåå¿æéïŒæéåŸã®åå¿æ··åç©
ã®G.CïŒã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã°ã©ãïŒåæã¯ã54.9ïŒ ã®ç¡
æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ãããã®ä»ã¯æªåå¿ã®é ¢é ž
ã¡ãã«ã觊åªåã³ä¿é²å€æåã§ãã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ã¢ã«ã·ã³ã®ä»£ããã«ïŒåœã0.16ã¢ã«ã®ããªâ
ïœâããã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãçšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒ
ãè¡ã€ããåå¿ïŒæéåŸãG.Cåæã§ã¯ãåå¿æ··
åç©ã39.2ïŒ ã®ãç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ã¢ã«ã·ã³ã®ä»£ããã«ïŒåœã0.16ã¢ã«ã®ããªã
ãšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãçšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒãè¡
ã€ããåå¿ïŒæéåŸãG.Cåæã§ã¯åå¿æ··åç©ã
1.1ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ã¢ã«ã·ã³ã®ä»£ããã«ïŒåœãã0.16ã¢ã«ã®ããª
ãžã³ãçšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒãè¡ã€ããåå¿æ··
åç©ã®G.Cåæã§ã¯ãããã55.1ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žã
å«ãããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  é ¢é žãåå¿æ··åç©ããé€ãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒ
ãè¡ã€ããïŒæéã®åå¿åŸã®åå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cå
æã¯ã22.6ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãŸããŠããããšã瀺
ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  å®æœäŸïŒãè¡ã€ããããã¹ã·ã¯ããã³ã¿ãžãšã
ã«ãžã«ã³ããŠã å¡©é žå¡©ã®åœ¢ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã ãïŒ
åœãã0.04ã¢ã«çšãããåå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cåæã¯ã
20.5ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãŸããŠããããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  ãã®äŸã®å Žåãå®æœäŸïŒãè¡ã€ãããïŒåœã
ã0.04ã¢ã«ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã ããžã«ã³ããŠã ãªãã·
ãžã¢ã»ããŒãã®åœ¢ã§äŸçµŠããããïŒæéã®åå¿åŸ
ã®åå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cåæã¯ã16.7ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žã
å«ãŸããŠããããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  å®æœäŸïŒãè¡ã€ãããïŒåœãã0.04ã¢ã«ã®ãž
ã«ã³ããŠã ããžã«ã³ããŠã ãããªãã®åœ¢ã§çšã
ããïŒæéã®åå¿åŸã®åå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cåæã¯ã
25.1ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãŸããŠããããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  åå¡©åãžã«ã³ããŠã ã®åœ¢ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã ãïŒ
åœãã0.04ã¢ã«çšãã以å€ã¯æ¯èŒäŸïŒ€ãè¡ããïŒ
æéã®åå¿åŸãG.Cåæã§ã¯åå¿æ··åç©äžã«9.7ïŒ
ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãååšããããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  æ¬äŸã§ã¯ãæ¯èŒäŸïŒ€ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã ååç©ã®ä»£
ããã«ïŒåœãã0.04ã¢ã«ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã ã¢ã»ã
ã«ã¢ã»ãããŒããçšãã以å€ã¯ãåæ§ã«ããŠè¡ã€
ããåå¿ïŒæéåŸã®åå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cåæã¯4.1ïŒ
ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  äºçš®ã®å®éšã«ãããŠãäŸïŒ¡ã«ãããŠçšãããã
ããªããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ã®ä»£ããã«ïŒåœãã0.04
ã¢ã«ã®ããªããšãã«ã¹ããã³åã³ããªâïœâãã
ã«ã¹ããã³ãçšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒãè¡ã€ãã
åå¿æéïŒæéåŸã®ããããã®åå¿æ··åç©ã®G.C
åæã§ã¯ãããªâïœâããã«ã¹ããã³ã®å Žå0.4
ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ã¿ãããªããšãã«ã¹ããã³ã®å Ž
åå€ã0.2ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  ãžã«ã³ããŠã ã®ä»£ããã«ïŒåœãã0.04ã¢ã«ã®
ç²ç¶ã®ãã¿ã³ãçšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒãè¡ã€
ããåå¿ïŒæéåŸã®åå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cåæã¯ã
27.2ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  ãžã«ã³ããŠã ã®ä»£ããã«ïŒåœãã0.04ã¢ã«ã®
ç²ç¶ã®ããªããŠã ãçšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒãè¡
ã€ããåå¿ïŒæéåŸã®åå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cåæã§
ã¯ã9.1ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  ãžã«ã³ããŠã ã®ä»£ããã«ïŒåœãã0.04ã¢ã«ã®
ç²ç¶ã®ã¿ã³ã¿ã«ãçšããŠå®æœäŸïŒãè¡ããšãïŒæ
éã®åå¿åŸåå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cåæã«ãã15.4ïŒ ã®
ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ãããã
ãŸãã¯ïŒâ20ã®æŽæ°ã§ããïŒã§ãããã®ãã¹ãã€
ã³ã§ããã奜ãŸããã¯ãåºã¯ã¢ã«ãã«åã³ã·ã¯ã
ã¢ã«ãã«åºã®å Žåã«ïŒãªãã20åççŽ ååãå«
ã¿ãã¢ãªãŒã«åºã®å Žåã«ïŒãªãã18åã®ççŽ åå
ãå«æããã代衚çãªãã¹ãã€ã³ã¯ããªã¡ãã«ã
ã¹ãã€ã³ãããªãããã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãããªã·ã¯ã
ããã·ã«ãã¹ãã€ã³åã³ããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³
ãå å«ããã ææ©ä¿é²å€ã¯è§Šåªç³»ã«å¥ã ã«å ããããããšã
奜ãŸããããããã第æ貎éå±ã®é¯äœãšããŠã
äŸãã°ããªã¯ããããªã¹ããªãžã³ããžãŠã ãããª
ã¹ïŒâããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ïŒããžãŠã ãã¯ã
ãããªã¹ïŒããªããšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ïŒããžãŠã ã
ãããŠåè¿°ããã¯ããã«ã«ããã«ãã¹ïŒããªããš
ãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ïŒããžãŠã ãšããŠå ããããšãã§
ãããéé¢ã®ææ©ä¿é²å€ãšé¯äœåä¿é²å€ãšã®äž¡æ¹
ããŸã䜿çšã§ãããäºå®ãææ©ä¿é²å€ãšç¬¬æ貎
éå±ãšã®é¯äœã䜿çšãããå Žåãéé¢ææ©ä¿é²å€
ãããªããå ããããšã奜ãŸããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ãå®æœããããšã«ãããŠãäžé žå
ççŽ ãé ¢é žã¡ãã«ãšåå¿ãããŠç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãçæã
ãããæ²åç©ããŸãã¯èåç©ãäŸãã°ããã²ã³å
ãããã«ã«ãã«ãç¹ã«ãæ²åã¡ãã«ã®ãããªãæ²
åç©ãŸãã¯èåç©ã§ããããã²ã³åäœçŽã¢ã«ãã«
ã®ååšäžã«ã«ããã«ååå¿ãèµ·ããããããã€
ãŠã代衚çãªå Žåã«ãããŠãæ²åã¡ãã«ã®ååšäž
ã«é ¢é žã¡ãã«ãã«ã«ããã«ååå¿ã«ãããããšã«
ããç¡æ°Žé ¢é žã¯æå¹ã«ã€ããããšãã§ããããã
ããå Žåã«ãããŠãäžèšã®è§Šåªâä¿é²å€ç³»ã®ååš
äžã«å®è³ªçã«ç¡æ°Žæ¡ä»¶äžã«ãã®ã«ã«ããã«ååå¿
ã¯è¡ãªãããã ããã²ã³åãããã«ã«ãã«ã¯ãã®å Žã§åœ¢æããŠ
ãè¯ããããŠãããã€ãŠãã®ããã²ã³åç©ã¯ãã
ã²ã³åãããã«ã«ãã«ãšããŠç³»ã«äŸçµŠã§ããã°ã
ãã§ãªããããã²ã³éšåã¯ä»ã®ææ©ããã²ã³åç©
ãšããŠãããããã©ã€ããšããŠãŸãã¯å¡©ãäŸãã°
ããã²ã³ã®ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±å¡©ãŸãã¯ä»ã®éå±å¡©ã®
ãããªä»ã®ç¡æ©ããã²ã³åç©ãšããŠãŸãã¯å çŽ ç¶
æ²çŽ ãŸãã¯èçŽ ãšããŠããŸãäŸçµŠã§ãããåå¿
åŸãåå¿æ··åç©ã®ææ©æåã¯ãåå¥èžçã«ããã
ãã«ããããã«å®¹æã«åé¢ãããã äžèšåå¿ã¯äžèšã®ãšããã«è¡šããããšãã§ã
ãã COïŒCH3COOCH3âïŒCH3COïŒ2O (1) æçµåå¿æ··åç©äžã«ååšãããããæ®çºæ§ã®ã
ãã²ã³åã¢ã«ãã«åã³ä»»æã®æªåå¿é ¢é žã¡ãã«ã¯
å埪ç°ã®ããã«èžççã«ãã容æã«é€å»ã§ããã
ãŠçæç©ã®çŽåéã¯å®è³ªçã«ãã¹ãŠææã®ç¡æ°Žã«
ã«ãã³é žã§ããã奜ãŸãã液çžåå¿ã®å Žåã«ãã
ãŠãææ©ååç©ã¯èžççã«ããéå±å«ææåãã
容æã«åé¢ããããäžé žåççŽ ãé ¢é žã¡ãã«ãã
ãã²ã³åç©åã³è²Žéå±è§Šåªåã³ä¿é²å€ãäŸçµŠãã
ãåå¿åž¯åã«ãããŠåå¿ã¯é©åœã«è¡ãªããããäž
èšåå¿ã«ãããŠæ°Žã¯çæããªããããŠç¡æ°Žã®æ¡ä»¶
ãŸãã¯å®è³ªçã«ç¡æ°Žã®æ¡ä»¶ã䜿çšãããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã®å®æœã«ãããŠãåºãç¯å²ã®æž©
床ãäŸãã°25ãªãã350âãé©åœã§ãããããã
100ãªãã250âã®æž©åºŠã䜿çšããã®ã奜ãŸããã
125ãªãã225âã®ç¯å²ã«äžè¬ã«ãã枩床ãããã«
奜ãŸãããäžèšæž©åºŠããäœã枩床ã䜿çšã§ããã
ãããæžå°ããåå¿çã«å°ãåŸåãããããããŠ
ããé«ã枩床ããŸã䜿çšã§ãããããããã®æž©åºŠ
ã䜿çšããããšãç¹ã«å©ç¹ããªããåå¿æéã¯ã
ããã«ã䜿çšãã枩床ã«å·Šå³ããããåå¿ã¯è¶ 倧
æ°å§äžè¡ãªãããããããç¹å¥ã®é«å§è£ 眮ãå¿ èŠ
ãšãã極端ã«é«ãå§åã¯å¿ èŠãªãã0.068ãªãã
680æ°å§ïŒïŒãªãã10000p.s.iïŒã®äžé žåççŽ åå§
ããŸã䜿çšã§ããããã©ãäžè¬ã«å¥œãŸããã¯ïŒãª
ãã68æ°å§ïŒ15ãªãã1000p.s.iïŒãããŠããã«å¥œ
ãŸããã¯ïŒãªãã48æ°å§ïŒ30ãªãã700p.s.iïŒã§
ããäžé žåççŽ åå§ã䜿çšããããšã«ããåå¿ã¯
æå¹ã«è¡ãªããããç¹å®ã®å€ã§ã®äžé žåççŽ ã®å
å§ãç¶æããããšã«ããé©åœéã®ãã®åå¿äœã¯åžž
ã«ååšãããå šå§ã¯æ¶²çžãç¶æããã®ã«å¿ èŠãšã
ããå šå§ã奜ãŸããããããŠãã®å Žåã«ãããŠã
ãªãŒãã¯ã¬ãŒããŸãã¯åæ§ã®è£ 眮ã«ãããŠåå¿ã¯
æå©ã«è¡ãªãããšãã§ãããããã²ã³åãããã«
ã«ãã«ãåã³é ¢é žã¡ãã«ãéé¢ææ©ä¿é²å€åã³ç
æç©ã§ããç¡æ°Žç©ãåé¢ããã®ã«æå¹ãªåå¥èžç
å¡ãŸãã¯äžé£ã®å¡ã§ããåŸãèžç垯åã«åå¿çæ
ç©ãå°å ¥ããã®ã奜ãŸããããããã®æ°çš®ã®åå
ç©ã®æ²žç¹ã¯ãåŸæ¥ã®èžçã«ãããããã®åé¢ãç¹
å®ã®åé¡ãæããªãã»ã©ã¯ããã«ååã«é¢ããŠã
ããåæ§ã«ããé«ã沞ç¹ã®ææ©æåã¯ã貎éå±è§Š
åªããžã«ã³ããŠã ä¿é²å€ãåã³æ¯èŒçã«éæ®çºæ§
ã®åœ¢æ ã§ããåŸãä»»æã®ææ©ä¿é²å€ãã容æã«ç
å»ã§ãããããã²ã³åãããã«ã«ãã«åã³è²Žéå±
觊åªåã³ä¿é²å€ã¯ããããªéã®é ¢é žã¡ãã«åã³äž
é žåççŽ ãšæ¬¡ã«çµã¿åããããŠããããŠåå¿ããŠ
è¿œå ã®éã®ç¡æ°Žç©ãçæããããšãã§ããã åå¿ç³»ã«ãããããã²ã³åç©ã«å¯Ÿããé ¢é žã¡ã
ã«ã®å²åã¯åºãç¯å²ã«ããã€ãŠå€ããåŸãã代衚
çã«ã¯ããã²ã³åç©ã®ïŒã¢ã«ããã0.1ãªãã
1000ã¢ã«ã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒã¢ã«ãããïŒãªãã30ã¢
ã«ã䜿çšãããã åã«è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãæ¬æ¹æ³ã¯é ¢é žã®ååšäžè¡ãª
ãããããŠæå¹ãªçµæãåŸãããã«ã¯ãå šåå¿æ··
åç©ã®ïŒãªãã75ééïŒ ã奜ãŸããã¯10ãªãã30
ééïŒ ã®éã§é ¢é žãååšããããšãå¿ èŠãšããã
ææãªãã°ãé ¢é žã«å ããŠãä»ã®ææ©æº¶åªãŸãã¯
åžéå€ã䜿çšã§ãããããé«ã沞ç¹ã®æº¶åªãŸãã¯
åžéå€ã®ååšã¯ãããäžå±€æž©åãªå šå§ã䜿çšãã
ããšãå¯èœã«ãããå¥æ³ãšããŠã¯è¿œå ã®æº¶åªãŸã
ã¯åžéå€ã¯ãçåæ°ŽçŽ ãäŸãã°ãªã¯ã¿ã³ããã³ãŒ
ã³åã³ãã«ãšã³ã®ãããªãæ¬æ¹æ³ã®ç°å¢äžã«äžæŽ»
æ§ã§ããä»»æã®ææ©æº¶åªã§ããåŸãã é©åœã«ã¯åœæ¥è ã«æããã§ããããã«ãææã®
çæç©ã容æã«åé¢ã§ããããã«åå¿æ··åç©äžã®
ææã®çæç©ã®æ²žç¹ãšã¯ååã«ç°ãªã沞ç¹ãæã
ã溶åªãŸãã¯åžéå€ãéžã°ããã äžé žåççŽ ã¯åžè²©ãããŠãããããªå®è³ªçã«çŽ
ç²ãªåœ¢ã§äœ¿çšãããã®ã奜ãŸãããææãªãã°äº
é žåççŽ ãçªçŽ ãã¡ã¿ã³ãåã³è²Žã¬ã¹é¡ã®ãããª
äžæŽ»æ§ãªåžéå€ãååšã§ãããäžæŽ»æ§ãªåžéå€ã®
ååšã¯ã«ã«ããã«ååå¿ã«ã¯åœ±é¿ããªããããã
ãããã®ååšã¯ææã®COåå§ãç¶æããããã«
å šå§ãå¢å€§ãããããšãå¿ èŠãšãªããããããªã
ããäžé žåççŽ ããã³ä»ã®åå¿äœã¯æ¬è³ªçã«ä¹Ÿç¥
ããŠããã¹ãã§ãããå³ã¡COåã³ä»ã®åå¿äœã«
ã¯å®è³ªçã«æ°Žãååšãã¹ãã§ãªããããããªãã
åå¿äœã®åžè²©åœ¢æ ã«èŠåºããåŸããããªå°éã®æ°Ž
ã®ååšã¯åããããããšãã§ãããäžçŽç©ãšããŠ
éåžžã«å°éååšãåŸãæ°ŽçŽ ã¯äžéœåãªãã®ã§ã¯ãª
ããããŠè§Šåªãå®å®åããåŸåããããåŸãã 䜿çšãããéå±ã¯åžè²©ã®éå±ãŸãã¯éå±ååç©
ã«é垞䌎ãªãäžçŽç©ãå«æããŠããŠãè¯ãããã
ã«ç²Ÿè£œããå¿ èŠã¯ãªãããããã€ãŠã第æ貎é
å±è§Šåªã«ãããŠåžè²©ã®éå±ãŸãã¯éå±ååç©ã¯é©
åœã«äœ¿çšãããããŠåžè²©ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã éå±ã¯é
å±ä¿é²å€ãšããŠäœ¿çšã§ããã ã¢ã«ã·ã³ä¿é²å€ãããä¿é²å€ãŸãã¯çªçŽ ä¿é²å€
ã¯è§Šåªç³»ã«å¥ã ã«å ããããããšã奜ãŸãããã
ã©ãããããã第æ貎éå±ãšã®é¯äœãšããŠãäŸ
ãã°ã¯ããããªã¹âïŒããªããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ïŒã
ãžãŠã ãã¯ããã«ã«ããã«ïŒããªããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·
ã³ïŒããžãŠã ããããªãã«ã«ããã«ããªã¹âïŒã
ãªããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ïŒããžãŠã ã察å¿ããã¡ãã«
ãžããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ååç©ãããªã¯ããã«ã«ãã
ã«âãã¹âïŒããªããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ïŒããžãŠã å
ã³ããªã¯ããã«ã«ããã«âãã¹âïŒã¡ãã«ãžããš
ãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ïŒããžãŠã ãããªã¯ããã«ã«ããã«
âãã¹âïŒããªãšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ïŒããžãŠã ãåã³
察å¿ããããååç©é¯äœåã³å¯Ÿå¿ããçªçŽ ååç©
é¯äœãçã ãšããŠå ããããšãå¯èœã§ãããéé¢
ææ©ä¿é²å€åã³é¯äœåä¿é²å€ã®äž¡æ¹ããŸã䜿çšã§
ãããäºå®ãææ©ä¿é²å€ãšç¬¬æ貎éå±ãšã®é¯äœ
ã䜿çšãããå Žåãææãªãã°ãéé¢ææ©ä¿é²å€
ããªãå ããŠè¯ãã 第æ貎éå±è§Šåªã®éã¯æ±ºããŠèšççã§ãªã
ããæ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã®ãã©ã¡ãŒã¿ãŒã§ãªããããŠåº
ãç¯å²ã«ããã€ãŠå€ããããšãã§ãããåœæ¥è ã«
åšç¥ã§ããããã«ã䜿çšããã觊åªã®éã¯ãææ
ã®é©åœãªåççãªåå¿çãäžããéã§ããããã
ããæ¬è³ªçã«ä»»æã®éã®è§Šåªãåºæ¬çãªåå¿ã容
æã«ããã€è§Šåªçã«æå¹ãªéãšèããããšãã§ã
ããããããå žåçã«ã¯ã觊åªã¯ãé ¢é žã¡ãã«ã®
10ãªãã100000ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢ã«ã®éã§ã奜ãŸã
ãã¯é ¢é žã¡ãã«ã®100ãªãã10000ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢
ã«ã®éã§ãæã奜ãŸããã¯é ¢é žã¡ãã«ã®500ãªã
ã2000ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢ã«ã®éã§äœ¿çšãããã ãžã«ã³ããŠã ä¿é²å€ã®éã¯åºãå€ããããšãã§
ãããå žåçã«ã¯ãžã«ã³ããŠã ä¿é²å€ã®éã¯ãé ¢
é žã¡ãã«ã®10ãªãã10000ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢ã«ã§ã
ãã奜ãŸããã¯ããã¯é ¢é žã¡ãã«ã®20ãªãã2000
ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢ã«ã®éã§ãæã奜ãŸããã¯ãé ¢é ž
ã¡ãã«ã®50ãªãã500ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢ã«ã®éã§äœ¿
çšããããææ©ä¿é²å€ã®éã¯ãŸãåºãå€ããããš
ãã§ããããããå žåçã«ã¯ãã®éã¯é ¢é žã¡ãã«
ã®ïŒãªãã10000ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢ã«ã®éã§ã奜ãŸ
ããã¯10ãªãã1000ã¢ã«ãããïŒã¢ã«ã®éã§ãæ
ã奜ãŸããã¯é ¢é žã¡ãã«ã®15ãªãã200ã¢ã«ãã
ãïŒã¢ã«ã®éã§äœ¿çšãããã äžèšã®ããã«ãäŸãã°èžçã«ããåå¿æ··åç©ã®
åŠçã«ãããŠäžè¬ã«ãžã«ã³ããŠã ä¿é²å€ã¯ãå³ã¡
æäœæ®çºæ§æåã®ïŒã€ãšããŠã第æ貎éå±è§Šåª
ãšãšãã«æ®ãããããŠé©åœã«ã¯å埪ç°ããããã
ããªããã°è§Šåªãšãšãã«åãæ±ãããããææ©ä¿
é²å€ããŸãååãããã€å埪ç°ãããããšãã§ã
ãã äžèšåå¿ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ä¿é²å€çµã¿åããç©ãš
çµã¿åãããŠåå¿äœåã³è§Šåªãé©åœãªåå¿åž¯åã«
é£ç¶çã«äŸçµŠããããŠåå¿æ··åç©ãé£ç¶çã«èžç
ããŠãæ®çºæ§ææ©æåãåé¢ããããããŠä»ã®æ
æ©æåãå埪ç°ããããšãšãã«ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žããæ¬è³ª
çã«ãªãçŽçæç©ãäŸçµŠãããããŠæ¶²çžåå¿ã®å Ž
åã¯ãæ®ç第æ貎éå±âå«æïŒãã€ä¿é²å€âå«
æïŒçåãå埪ç°ããããé£ç¶çæäœã«äžèšåå¿
ãé©åãããããã®ãããªé£ç¶çæäœã®å Žåã«ã
ããŠãããã²ã³éšåã¯ãã€ãç³»äžã«æ®ããæã åŠ
çæåºåã³åŠçé€å»ã ããåãããããæã å¿ èŠ
ãšãªãå¯èœæ§ã®ããå°éã®ããã²ã³è£å ã¯ããã
ã²ã³åãããã«ã«ãã«ã®åœ¢ã§ããã²ã³ãäŸçµŠãã
ããšã«ããè¡ãªãã®ã奜ãŸãããããããäžã«ã
ããŠææããããã«ãããã²ã³éšåã¯ãä»ã®ææ©
ããã²ã³åç©ãšããŠåã¯ããã²ã³åæ°ŽçŽ ãšããŠãŸ
ãã¯ä»ã®ç¡æ©ããã²ã³åç©ãäŸãã°ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±
å¡©ãŸãã¯ä»ã®éå±å¡©ã®ãããªå¡©ãšããŠãŸãã¯å çŽ
ç¶æ²çŽ ãŸãã¯å çŽ ç¶èçŽ ãšããŠããŸãäŸçµŠã§ã
ãã 以äžã®å®æœäŸã¯æ¬çºæã®ããååãªç解ãäžã
ãå©ããšãªããã®ã§ããããããäŸç€ºã®ç®çã®ã
ãã«ã ãäžãããæ¬çºæãéå®ãããã®ãšããŠè§£
éãããã¹ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããšãç解ãã¹ãã§ã
ããå®æœäŸã«ãããŠãã¹ãŠã®ããŒã»ã³ããŒãžã¯ç¹
ã«ä»ã®ããã«ç€ºããªãéãééã«ããã å®æœäŸã«ãããŠãçš®ã ã®åå¿äœåã³è§Šåªæåã
åå¿å®¹åšã«è£ å ¥ãã次ã«åå¿å®¹åšãéããããŠç€º
ããåå¿æž©åºŠã«ãããããç¹å®ãããåæã®äžé ž
åççŽ ã®åå§ã¯åå¿ã®å§ãŸã€ãæç¹ã§ã®ãå³ã¡ãŒ
ã転æã§ã®åå¿æž©åºŠã§ã®èšç®å€ã§ãããå šå§ã¯å
å¿ãé²è¡ããã«ã€ããŠå°å ¥ãããè¿œå ã®äžé žåç
çŽ ã«ããç¶æãããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ 80ééïŒ ã®é ¢é žã¡ãã«ã20ééïŒ ã®é ¢é žãïŒ
åœãã0.01ã¢ã«ã®ããžãŠã ããªã¯ãã©ã€ãæ°Žå
ç©ãïŒåœã0.6ã¢ã«ã®ãšãŠåã¡ãã«ãïŒåœã
0.04ã¢ã«ã®åŸ®ç²ç¶ãžã«ã³ããŠã éå±ãïŒåœã
0.16ã¢ã«ã®ããªããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ã®æ··åç©ããäž
çåæ°ŽçŽ ã®é°å²æ°äžã§é£ç¶å šå§çŽïŒKgïŒcm2
ïŒ700psigïŒãäžé žåççŽ ã®æåã®åå§çŽ29KgïŒcm2
ïŒ400psigïŒãæ¹æãããã¹ããã€è£œèå§å®¹åšäžã§
160âå ç±ãããåå¿æéïŒæéåŸã®åå¿æ··åç©
ã®G.CïŒã¬ã¹ã¯ãããã°ã©ãïŒåæã¯ã54.9ïŒ ã®ç¡
æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ãããã®ä»ã¯æªåå¿ã®é ¢é ž
ã¡ãã«ã觊åªåã³ä¿é²å€æåã§ãã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ã¢ã«ã·ã³ã®ä»£ããã«ïŒåœã0.16ã¢ã«ã®ããªâ
ïœâããã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãçšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒ
ãè¡ã€ããåå¿ïŒæéåŸãG.Cåæã§ã¯ãåå¿æ··
åç©ã39.2ïŒ ã®ãç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ã¢ã«ã·ã³ã®ä»£ããã«ïŒåœã0.16ã¢ã«ã®ããªã
ãšãã«ãã¹ãã€ã³ãçšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒãè¡
ã€ããåå¿ïŒæéåŸãG.Cåæã§ã¯åå¿æ··åç©ã
1.1ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ããã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ã¢ã«ã·ã³ã®ä»£ããã«ïŒåœãã0.16ã¢ã«ã®ããª
ãžã³ãçšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒãè¡ã€ããåå¿æ··
åç©ã®G.Cåæã§ã¯ãããã55.1ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žã
å«ãããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  é ¢é žãåå¿æ··åç©ããé€ãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒ
ãè¡ã€ããïŒæéã®åå¿åŸã®åå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cå
æã¯ã22.6ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãŸããŠããããšã瀺
ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  å®æœäŸïŒãè¡ã€ããããã¹ã·ã¯ããã³ã¿ãžãšã
ã«ãžã«ã³ããŠã å¡©é žå¡©ã®åœ¢ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã ãïŒ
åœãã0.04ã¢ã«çšãããåå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cåæã¯ã
20.5ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãŸããŠããããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  ãã®äŸã®å Žåãå®æœäŸïŒãè¡ã€ãããïŒåœã
ã0.04ã¢ã«ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã ããžã«ã³ããŠã ãªãã·
ãžã¢ã»ããŒãã®åœ¢ã§äŸçµŠããããïŒæéã®åå¿åŸ
ã®åå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cåæã¯ã16.7ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žã
å«ãŸããŠããããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  å®æœäŸïŒãè¡ã€ãããïŒåœãã0.04ã¢ã«ã®ãž
ã«ã³ããŠã ããžã«ã³ããŠã ãããªãã®åœ¢ã§çšã
ããïŒæéã®åå¿åŸã®åå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cåæã¯ã
25.1ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãŸããŠããããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  åå¡©åãžã«ã³ããŠã ã®åœ¢ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã ãïŒ
åœãã0.04ã¢ã«çšãã以å€ã¯æ¯èŒäŸïŒ€ãè¡ããïŒ
æéã®åå¿åŸãG.Cåæã§ã¯åå¿æ··åç©äžã«9.7ïŒ
ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãååšããããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  æ¬äŸã§ã¯ãæ¯èŒäŸïŒ€ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã ååç©ã®ä»£
ããã«ïŒåœãã0.04ã¢ã«ã®ãžã«ã³ããŠã ã¢ã»ã
ã«ã¢ã»ãããŒããçšãã以å€ã¯ãåæ§ã«ããŠè¡ã€
ããåå¿ïŒæéåŸã®åå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cåæã¯4.1ïŒ
ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  äºçš®ã®å®éšã«ãããŠãäŸïŒ¡ã«ãããŠçšãããã
ããªããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ã®ä»£ããã«ïŒåœãã0.04
ã¢ã«ã®ããªããšãã«ã¹ããã³åã³ããªâïœâãã
ã«ã¹ããã³ãçšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒãè¡ã€ãã
åå¿æéïŒæéåŸã®ããããã®åå¿æ··åç©ã®G.C
åæã§ã¯ãããªâïœâããã«ã¹ããã³ã®å Žå0.4
ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ã¿ãããªããšãã«ã¹ããã³ã®å Ž
åå€ã0.2ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  ãžã«ã³ããŠã ã®ä»£ããã«ïŒåœãã0.04ã¢ã«ã®
ç²ç¶ã®ãã¿ã³ãçšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒãè¡ã€
ããåå¿ïŒæéåŸã®åå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cåæã¯ã
27.2ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  ãžã«ã³ããŠã ã®ä»£ããã«ïŒåœãã0.04ã¢ã«ã®
ç²ç¶ã®ããªããŠã ãçšãã以å€ã¯ãå®æœäŸïŒãè¡
ã€ããåå¿ïŒæéåŸã®åå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cåæã§
ã¯ã9.1ïŒ ã®ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ããã æ¯èŒäŸ  ãžã«ã³ããŠã ã®ä»£ããã«ïŒåœãã0.04ã¢ã«ã®
ç²ç¶ã®ã¿ã³ã¿ã«ãçšããŠå®æœäŸïŒãè¡ããšãïŒæ
éã®åå¿åŸåå¿æ··åç©ã®G.Cåæã«ãã15.4ïŒ ã®
ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãå«ãããšã瀺ãããã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ é ¢é žã®ååšäžã第æ貎éå±è§Šåªã®ååšäžã
ããŠéå±ç¶ãžã«ã³ããŠã åã³ãªã³åã³çªçŽ ãäžäŸ¡
ã§ããææ©ãªã³ååç©åã¯ææ©çªçŽ ååç©åã¯åŒ ãã ãåŒäžãïŒR1ããã³R2ã¯åç°ã¢ãªãŒ
ã«åºïŒœ ã§ç€ºãããã¢ã«ã·ã³ããæãä¿é²å€ã®ååšäžãå®
質çã«ç¡æ°Žã®æ¡ä»¶ã§ãäžé žåççŽ ãšãšãŠåç©åã¯
èåç©ã§ããããã²ã³åç©ãšé ¢é žã¡ãã«ãšãåå¿
ãããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¡æ°Žé ¢é žã®è£œæ³ã ïŒ ç¬¬æ貎éå±ãããžãŠã ã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯
å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ããã²ã³åç©ãããã²ã³åãããã«ã«ãã«ã§
ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ææ©ä¿é²å€æåãã¢ã«ã·ã³ã§ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®
ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ã¢ã«ã·ã³ãããªããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ãã¡ãã«ãž
ããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·ã³ããã³ãžã¡ãã«ããšãã«ã¢ã«ã·
ã³ããæã矀ããéžã°ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé
èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/106,627 US4284585A (en) | 1979-12-26 | 1979-12-26 | Process for the preparation of acetic anhydride |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5699437A JPS5699437A (en) | 1981-08-10 |
| JPS6318927B2 true JPS6318927B2 (ja) | 1988-04-20 |
Family
ID=22312431
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP18419880A Granted JPS5699437A (en) | 1979-12-26 | 1980-12-26 | Manufacture of acetic anhydride |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4284585A (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPS5699437A (ja) |
| BE (2) | BE886853A (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE3049046C2 (ja) |
| FR (1) | FR2472555A1 (ja) |
| GB (1) | GB2067557B (ja) |
| IT (1) | IT1165574B (ja) |
| NL (1) | NL8006806A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5953440A (ja) * | 1982-09-17 | 1984-03-28 | Kuraray Co Ltd | ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žãšé ¢é žã®åæç補é æ³ |
| US4511741A (en) * | 1983-12-02 | 1985-04-16 | Union Carbide Corporation | Production of aldehydes from organic acid esters |
| US4563309A (en) * | 1984-08-16 | 1986-01-07 | Union Carbide Corporation | Production of carboxylic anhydrides from methyl carboxlyates using rhodium complex catalysts |
| DE3660719D1 (en) * | 1985-03-27 | 1988-10-20 | Hoechst Ag | Supported catalyst and procedure for the production of monocarboxylic acid anhydrides |
| DE4126674C2 (de) * | 1991-08-13 | 1994-10-13 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Hydraulisch dÀmpfendes Gummilager |
| JP3500150B2 (ja) â | 1993-08-18 | 2004-02-23 | ãã€ã»ã«ååŠå·¥æ¥æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žåã¯ç¡æ°Žé ¢é žåã³é ¢é žã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |
| US6331502B1 (en) * | 1998-12-09 | 2001-12-18 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Catalyst system containing a semilabile anionic ligand and a use of such catalyst system to produce α, β, -unsaturated carboxylic acids and their esters |
| US6521801B2 (en) * | 2000-02-03 | 2003-02-18 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing 1,3-alkanediol from epoxide derivative |
| WO2002009810A2 (en) | 2000-07-27 | 2002-02-07 | Medtronic, Inc. | Algorithm for synchronization of atrial cardioversion shock |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4115444A (en) * | 1975-03-10 | 1978-09-19 | Halcon International, Inc. | Process for preparing carboxylic acid anhydrides |
| CA1058636A (en) * | 1975-03-10 | 1979-07-17 | Nabil Rizkalla | Process for preparing carboxylic acid anhydrides |
| US4102920A (en) * | 1977-01-13 | 1978-07-25 | Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. | Production of carboxylic acids and esters |
| DE2836084A1 (de) * | 1978-08-17 | 1980-03-06 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von essigsaeureanhydrid |
| DE2846148A1 (de) * | 1978-10-24 | 1980-05-08 | Hoechst Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von ethanol aus synthesegas |
| US4251458A (en) * | 1979-10-02 | 1981-02-17 | Halcon Research And Development Corporation | Process for preparing carboxylic acid anhydrides |
| DE2939839A1 (de) * | 1979-10-02 | 1981-04-23 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur herstellung von essigsaeureanhydrid |
-
1979
- 1979-12-26 US US06/106,627 patent/US4284585A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1980
- 1980-12-16 NL NL8006806A patent/NL8006806A/nl unknown
- 1980-12-22 IT IT50442/80A patent/IT1165574B/it active
- 1980-12-23 GB GB8041312A patent/GB2067557B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-12-24 FR FR8027525A patent/FR2472555A1/fr active Granted
- 1980-12-24 DE DE3049046A patent/DE3049046C2/de not_active Expired
- 1980-12-24 BE BE0/203310A patent/BE886853A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-12-24 BE BE0/203311A patent/BE886854A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-12-26 JP JP18419880A patent/JPS5699437A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1165574B (it) | 1987-04-22 |
| FR2472555A1 (fr) | 1981-07-03 |
| US4284585A (en) | 1981-08-18 |
| GB2067557A (en) | 1981-07-30 |
| BE886853A (fr) | 1981-06-24 |
| FR2472555B1 (ja) | 1984-10-12 |
| NL8006806A (nl) | 1981-07-16 |
| DE3049046C2 (de) | 1984-03-08 |
| BE886854A (fr) | 1981-06-24 |
| GB2067557B (en) | 1984-04-26 |
| IT8050442A0 (it) | 1980-12-22 |
| DE3049046A1 (de) | 1981-09-10 |
| JPS5699437A (en) | 1981-08-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4115444A (en) | Process for preparing carboxylic acid anhydrides | |
| US4002678A (en) | Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides | |
| US4252741A (en) | Carbonylation with Group VIII noble metal catalysts | |
| CA1058636A (en) | Process for preparing carboxylic acid anhydrides | |
| US4358411A (en) | Preparation of carbonylation products | |
| US4559183A (en) | Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides | |
| US4659518A (en) | Preparation of carboxylic acids | |
| US4002677A (en) | Process for preparing carboxylic acid anhydrides | |
| US4356320A (en) | Preparation of carboxylic acids | |
| US4134912A (en) | Process for preparing carboxylic acids | |
| US4335059A (en) | Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides | |
| US4252748A (en) | Recovery of acetone produced by carbonylation | |
| US4284585A (en) | Process for the preparation of acetic anhydride | |
| US4251458A (en) | Process for preparing carboxylic acid anhydrides | |
| JPS6310937B2 (ja) | ||
| US4323697A (en) | Process for preparing ethylidene diacetate | |
| JPS6324982B2 (ja) | ||
| US4483804A (en) | Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides | |
| US4335058A (en) | Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides | |
| US4661631A (en) | Process for the preparation of acetic acid | |
| US4328362A (en) | Conversion of acetic anhydride to ethylidene diacetate | |
| JPS6325567B2 (ja) | ||
| US4698187A (en) | Preparation of carboxylic acid anhydrides | |
| US4625060A (en) | Preparation of acetic acid | |
| JPS6330892B2 (ja) |