JPS6343733B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6343733B2 JPS6343733B2 JP5753179A JP5753179A JPS6343733B2 JP S6343733 B2 JPS6343733 B2 JP S6343733B2 JP 5753179 A JP5753179 A JP 5753179A JP 5753179 A JP5753179 A JP 5753179A JP S6343733 B2 JPS6343733 B2 JP S6343733B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- silver
- crystal
- crystals
- silver halide
- iodide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 198
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 90
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 90
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].BrCl Chemical compound [Ag].BrCl SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 76
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 67
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 claims description 67
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical group [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 35
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000407 epitaxy Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 5
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- YOHMXVAQPQJKCO-UHFFFAOYSA-M [Ag][Br][Cl][Ag]I Chemical compound [Ag][Br][Cl][Ag]I YOHMXVAQPQJKCO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940006460 bromide ion Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 4
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229940101006 anhydrous sodium sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- HOZONGUVNHHUOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disilver;chloride;iodide Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+].[Ag+].[I-] HOZONGUVNHHUOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver ion Chemical compound [Ag+] FOIXSVOLVBLSDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodide Chemical compound [I-] XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- CLJDCQWROXMJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[2-(4-amino-n-ethyl-3-methylanilino)ethyl]methanesulfonamide;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CS(=O)(=O)NCCN(CC)C1=CC=C(N)C(C)=C1 CLJDCQWROXMJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-phenylenediamine Chemical compound NC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 CBCKQZAAMUWICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminophenol Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1O CDAWCLOXVUBKRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylaminophenol sulfate Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CNC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZVNPWFOVUDMGRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical group Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium thiosulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S XYXNTHIYBIDHGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007844 bleaching agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CODNYICXDISAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine monochloride Chemical group BrCl CODNYICXDISAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012992 electron transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QUHSWYDLTXEWTH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iodosilver oxosilver Chemical compound [Ag]I.[Ag]=O QUHSWYDLTXEWTH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenidone Chemical compound N1C(=O)CCN1C1=CC=CC=C1 CMCWWLVWPDLCRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940001482 sodium sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SRFKWQSWMOPVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetate;iron(2+) Chemical compound [Na+].[Fe+2].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O SRFKWQSWMOPVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001429 visible spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/035—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein characterised by the crystal form or composition, e.g. mixed grain
- G03C2001/03552—Epitaxial junction grains; Protrusions or protruded grains
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Description
æ¬çºæã¯ããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ··æããã²ã³åéçµ
æ¶ãæããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã®æ¹è¯ã«é¢ã
ããæŽã«è©³ããã¯ãä¿åå®å®æ§ã«åªããäžã€ãã¬
ãã·ã€ãŒã«ããªãçºçãé£ãããã²ã³åéåçä¹³
å€ã«é¢ããã ããã²ã³åç©ãçµåããããšã«ãããåäžã®ã
ãã²ã³åéç²åæ§é å ã®åã ã®ããã²ã³åéã®é·
æãçããæè¡ã¯ãåŸæ¥ããç¥ãããŠããã äŸãã°è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1027146å·ã«ã¯ãããã²ã³é
ã®æ žïŒæ žç²åïŒããïŒå±€ãŸãã¯æ°å±€ã®é£æ¥å±€ã®ã
ãã²ã³åéã§è¢«èŠããæ··æããã²ã³åéç²åã«ã€
ããŠé瀺ããŠããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããå¡©åéãè
åéã®è¡šé¢ã«æåºããããšãèåéã®åå æ床ã
åŸããããšå ±ã«ãå¡©åéã®çŸåç¹æ§ãåŸãããã ãŸããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3505068å·ã«ã¯ãäžèšè±åœç¹
èš±ã®æè¡ãçšããŠãéä¹³å€å±€ãšäžè«žã«çšããé ä¹³
å€å±€ãã€ãããããã«ããè²çŽ ç»åã®äœã³ã³ãã©
ã¹ããåŸãæè¡ãé瀺ãããŠããããã®é ä¹³å€ã«
çšããããããã²ã³åéç²åã¯æ²åéãŸãã¯æ²ã
ãã²ã³åéã®æ žãšãèåéãå¡©åéãŸãã¯å¡©èå
éãããªãæ®»ãšãæããŠããã ããã«ããã€ãç¹èš±ç¬¬505012å·ã«ã¯ãæ²åã«ãª
ãŠã ãå¡©åãããªãŠã ãé£ç¶çã«å ããããæ¡ä»¶
äžã§ããã²ã³åéãæ²æŸ±ãããããšã«ãããçŸå
ãããšç·è²ã®èª¿åãæããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€
ã補é ããããšãã§ããæè¡ãé瀺ãããŠããã ããã«ãŸããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3656962å·ãå第
3852066å·ããã³å第3852067å·ã«ã¯ãç¡æ©çµæ¶ç©
質ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã«æ·»å ããããšã«ãããã
ãã²ã³åéç²åãšç¡æ©çµæ¶ç©è³ªã®ç·å¯ãªç©çççµ
åã«ããå ã«å¯Ÿããæ床ãå€ããæè¡ãé瀺ãã
ãŠããã äžæ¹ãæ²åéã®èŒ»å°ç·æå æ§ãšå¡©åéã®è¿ éçŸ
åæ§ãšããšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åããæ··æããã²ã³åé
çµæ¶ãæããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ããæè¿ã«ãª
ã€ãŠéçºãããããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ··æããã²ã³
åéçµæ¶ã¯ãç¹éæ53â103725å·çã«é瀺ãããŠ
ããåŠããæ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ãšãã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶
ã«ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åããŠåœ¢æãããŠããå¡©åéçµ
æ¶ãšãããªããäžèšæ²åéçµæ¶é¢ã®å°ãªããšãå
åã«ã¯ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©åéãå®è³ªçã«ãªããäžã€
äžèšå¡©åéãæ··æããã²ã³åéå šäœã®75ã¢ã«ïŒ 以
äžã«å¶éãããŠããããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ··æãã
ã²ã³åéçµæ¶ãå«æããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€
ã¯ãçŸåããéã«æ¯èŒçå€éã®æ²åç©ã€ãªã³ãé
é¢ããããšãã§ãããã®ããæ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã®éé¢
ã«ãã奜ãŸããåççå¹æãéæããããšãã§ã
ãç¹ã«å€§ããªç¹åŸŽãæãããããã«ããã®ããã²
ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã®ä»ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ã奜ãŸããã€ã³ã¿ãŒ
ã€ã¡ãŒãžå¹æãçžå¹æã瀺ãããšã§ãããçŸåã
ããšã¬ããã¯ã¹ã¢ã³ããªãã€ã±ãŒã·ãšã³åå¿ã«çš
ããããäžå質觊åªç»åãããªãã¡éç»åãçã
ãããšã§ãããç²ç¶æ§ãç²ç¶åºŠã®å°ããéç»åãš
è²çŽ ç»åã®äž¡æ¹ã®åçç»åãåŸãããããšã§ã
ããããã«çŸåã«éãå¡©åéãçŸåãããåã¯å¡©
åéããã³æ²åéã®äž¡è ãçŸåãããšããããã«
éžæççŸåãã§ãããšããç¹ã«ãã€ãŠãããã«ã
ã€ãŠåçç»åã®ç²ç¶æ§çãã³ã³ãããŒã«ãããã
æ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã®æŸåºãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããæã
ã¯åŸãããæ倧æ¿åºŠãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããçŸåæ¡ä»¶
ãéžæããããšãã§ããã ããããªããããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åããå¡©
åéãæããæ··æããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ãå«æããã
ãã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã¯ãä¿åããå Žåãæ床äœäž
ãã«ããªã®çºçãã¿ãããæ¬ ç¹ããããäžã€ãã¬
ãã·ã€ãŒã«ããªã®çºçãã¿ãããæ¬ ç¹ãããã ãŸããäžèšç¹éæ53â103725å·èšèŒã®æè¡ã«é¢
é£ããŠãçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéå€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ãš
ãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åãããå¡©åéãã³ã³ããŒãæ³ã«
ãã€ãŠèåéã§çœ®æããæè¡çããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4142900å·ã«é瀺ãããŠããããã®æè¡ã¯ãçŸå
é床ããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åã®ããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ã«
ãã€ãŠè§£æ±ºãããã®ãšããŠæ³šç®ã«å€ããããç¹é
æ53â103725å·ã®æè¡ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãã®ãšåæ§ã®
çš®ã ã®å©ç¹ãæããããããããã®æè¡ã¯ã³ã³ã
ãŒãæ³ã«ãããããçµæ¶ã®æ Œåæ¬ é¥ãããã¯æ§é
äžã®ã²ãã¿ãåå ã§ããã¬ãã·ã€ãŒã«ããªãçºç
ãæããšããæ¬ ç¹ãããã³ä¿åå®å®æ§ã«æ¬ ãããš
ããæ¬ ç¹ãæããããšã¯ãåæ²ã®æ··æå¡©åéâæ²
åéã®çµæ¶ãšåãã§ããã ããã§ãæ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯åèšç¹éæ53â103725
å·ïŒä»¥äžãæç®ïŒãšãããïŒããã³ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4142900å·ïŒä»¥äžãæç®ïŒãšãããïŒã«èšèŒã®æè¡
ã®è«žæ¬ ç¹ã解æ¶ããä¿åå®å®æ§ã«åªããäžã€ãã¬
ãã·ã€ãŒã«ããªã®çºçãã¿ãããªããšãã¿ãã·ã€
ã«æ··æããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ãæããããã²ã³åéå
çä¹³å€ãæäŸããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®äžèšç®çããã³åŸè¿°ãããã®ä»ã®ç®ç
ã¯ãæ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ãšã該å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«äžèš
ãããŸãã¯ããã«ç€ºãæ¹æ³ã«ãããšãã¿ãã·
ãŒæ¥åããŠåœ¢æãããå¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ãšãããªã
æ··æããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ãæãã該æ²åéã®å€é¢äœ
çµæ¶é¢ã®å°ãªããšãååã«ã¯ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èå
éãå®è³ªçã«ãªãããã€è©²å¡©èåéãæ··æããã²
ã³åéå šäœã®75ã¢ã«ïŒ 以äžã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšã
ãããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã ãAã æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ã氎溶æ§å¡©åç©ãã
ã³æ°Žæº¶æ§èåç©ãå«ã溶液ãšé塩溶液ãšã®åæ
æ··åæ³ã«ãããå¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒ
æ¥åããæ¹æ³ã ãBã æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«å¡©åéã®çµæ¶ããšã
ã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åãã該塩åéã®çµæ¶ã«(a)ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ§
èåç©ãå«ã溶液ãšé塩溶液ãšã®åææ··åæ³ã
ãŸãã¯(b)ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ§å¡©åç©ããã³æ°Žæº¶æ§èåç©ã
å«ã溶液ãšé塩溶液ãšã®åææ··åæ³ã«ãããè
åéãŸãã¯å¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥å
ããæ¹æ³ã ã«ãã€ãŠéæãããã æ¬æ现æžã«ãããŠããšãã¿ãã·ãŒããšã¯ãæç®
ïŒããã³ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠããçšèªãšåæ§ã®æ矩ã
æãããã®ã§ãããããªãã¡ãæ··æå¡©åéâæ²å
éã®çµæ¶ãæ··æå¡©èåéâæ²åéã®çµæ¶çã«å¯Ÿã
ãŠçšããããçšèªã§ãã€ãŠããã®çµæ¶ã®éååãš
å¡©åç©ååãŸãã¯å¡©èåç©ååçã®çµæ¶åºè³ªã«æ¥
åãããããã²ã³åç©ååã®çµæ¶åŠçé åããã
ããã®æé·ã®éã«çµæ¶åºè³ªããæ²åéçã®çµæ¶ã«
ããã³ã³ãããŒã«ãããããšããããæ··æçµæ¶äœ
ã®å¡©åéãŸãã¯å¡©èåéçã®ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«ãã
ã²ã³åéãšãæ²åéçã®çµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®ããã²
ã³åéã®éšåã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒã®é¢ä¿ã¯ããããšã¯
å¥åã®æ²åéãå¡©åéãå¡©èåéçã®çµæ¶äœã®çŽ
æ¥çãªç©ççæ¥è§Šãšã¯å šãç°ã€ãŠããã æ¬çºæã®å€§ããªç¹åŸŽã®ïŒã€ã¯ãçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠ
ã®æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åããã
å¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ãã ãAã æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ã氎溶æ§å¡©åç©ãã
ã³æ°Žæº¶æ§èåç©ãå«ã溶液ãšé塩溶液ãšã®åæ
æ··åæ³ã«ãããå¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒ
æ¥åããæ¹æ³ã ãBã æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«å¡©åéã®çµæ¶ããšã
ã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åãã該塩åéã®çµæ¶ã«(a)ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ§
èåç©ãå«ã溶液ãšé塩溶液ãšã®åææ··åæ³ã
ãŸãã¯(b)ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ§å¡©åç©ããã³æ°Žæº¶æ§èåç©ã
å«ã溶液ãšé塩溶液ãšã®åææ··åæ³ã«ãããè
åéãŸãã¯å¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥å
ããæ¹æ³ã ã®ããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠåœ¢æãããç¹ã«ããã
ããªãã¡ãæç®ïŒã«ç€ºãããã³ã³ããŒãæ³ã«ãã
ãã«ãæ··æå¡©èåéâæ²åéçµæ¶ã圢æããããš
ã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ããããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«å¡©èåéã¯ãçµ
æ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéãšã®é¢ä¿ã§ææ¡ããããã
ãªãã¡ãåèšããã®æ¹æ³ã«ããå Žåã«ã¯å¡©èå
éçµæ¶ã¯æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«çŽæ¥ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒ
æ¥åãããŠããããåèšããã®äžã®(a)ã®å Žåã«
ã¯æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åãããŠ
ããå¡©åéçµæ¶ã«ããã«èåéçµæ¶ããšãã¿ãã·
ãŒæ¥åãããããããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒã®é¢ä¿ã«ã
ãå¡©èåéã¯çµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéãšã®é¢ä¿ã«
ãããŠãšãã¿ãã·ãŒã®é¢ä¿ãæããŠãããããŸã
åèšããã®äžã®(b)ã®å Žåã«ããåæ²ã®(a)ã®å Žå
ãšåæ§ã«ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åãããŠããå¡©åéãš
å¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ã¯ãçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéãšã®
é¢ä¿ã«ãããŠãšãã¿ãã·ãŒã®é¢ä¿ãæããŠããã
ãã®ããã«æ¬çºæã®ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«å¡©èåéã¯
ããããããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠãçµæ¶åºè³ªãš
ããŠã®æ²åéã«å¯ŸããŠãšãã¿ãã·ãŒã®é¢ä¿ã«ã
ãã æ¬çºæè ãã¯ãåèšãããŸãã¯ããã®åæ
æ··åæ³ãå«ãæ¹æ³ã«ãããå¡©èåéãçµæ¶åºè³ªãš
ããŠã®æ²åéå€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åã
ãŠã該æ¬çºæã®æ··æå¡©èåéâæ²åéçµæ¶ãå«æ
ããåçä¹³å€ã®ä¿åå®å®æ§ãèããé«ããäžã€ã
ã¬ãã·ã€ãŒã«ããªã®çºçãé²æ¢ããããšã«æåã
ããããªãã¡ãåèšæç®ïŒããã³ïŒã®æè¡ã®è«žæ¬
ç¹ãäžæã«è§£æ±ºããã®ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åºè³ªçµæ¶ãšããŠã®æ²åéã¯ãå°ãªããš
ããã®äžéšã¯æå°å¹³åç²åŸãå°ãªããšã0.1ÎŒã§ã
ãå€é¢äœèŒ»å°ç·æå æ§æ²åéã§ããããã®æ²åé
ã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ã¯ãåèšãããŸãã¯ããã®å
ææ··åæ³ãå«ãæ¹æ³ã«ãããå¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ããš
ãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åããŠåœ¢æãããŠããããããŠãã
ã®æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶é¢ã®å°ãªããšãååã«ã¯ãš
ãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéãå®è³ªçã«ãªããäžã€è©²å¡©è
åéãæ··æããã²ã³åéå šäœã®75ã¢ã«ïŒ 以äžã«å¶
éãããã æ¬çºæã®ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ··æããã²ã³åéçµæ¶
ãå«æããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã¯ãçŸåããé
ã«æ¯èŒçå€éã®æ²åç©ã€ãªã³ãéé¢ããããšãã§
ããŠããã®æ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã®éé¢ã«ããåççå¹æ
ãéæããã®ã«æå©ã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ã奜ãŸããã€ã³ã¿ãŒã€
ã¡ãŒãžå¹æããã³çžå¹æã瀺ããäŸãã°é žåå€
ïŒã³ãã«ããããµãã³ãéé žåæ°ŽçŽ çïŒãšè²çŽ ç»
å圢ææ§éå å€ïŒçºè²çŸåäž»è¬ãã¬ããã¯ã¹è²çŽ
æŸåºå€ã§é»å転äœå€ãšå ±ã«çšãããããã®çïŒãš
ã®ã¬ããã¯ã¹ã¢ã³ããªãã€ã±ãŒã·ãšã³åå¿ã«çšã
ããããããªäžå質觊åªã®è¡šé¢ãäžæŽ»æ§ã«ããã
ãã«çŸå段éã§æŸåºãããæ²åç©ã€ãªã³ããæ¬çº
æã«ãããŠäœ¿çšã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ããããããã²
ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãšããŠé©åœãªæ¯æäœã«å¡èšã也ç¥
ããå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®èŒ»å°ç·ã§åæ§é²å ããé©åœ
ãªçŸåæ¡ä»¶äžã§çŸåãããšãåçéç»åãåŸãã
ãããŸããã¬ããã¯ã¹ã¢ã³ããªãã€ã±ãŒã·ãšã³å
å¿æ¡ä»¶äžã§ãçŸåäžã«æŸåºãããæ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã
ã¬ããã¯ã¹ã¢ã³ããªãã€ã±ãŒã·ãšã³è§ŠåªãšããŠã®
éç»åãäžæŽ»æ§ã«ããããã«çšããããšãã§ã
ãã ããã«æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãè²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«
ãã©ãŒã®å«æã«ãããéç»åãšè²çŽ ç»åã®äž¡æ¹ã®
åçç»åãåŸãããããããããã®ç»åã¯ç²ç¶æ§
ããã³ç²ç¶åºŠãå°ããå©ç¹ãããã ãŸãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãå¡©èåéãçŸå
ããããå¡©èåéãšæ²åéã®äž¡è ãçŸåãããã
ããšããããã«ãéžæççŸåãã§ãããåŸã€ãŠã
æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯åçç»åã®ç²ç¶æ§ãšç²ç¶
床ãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããšãæ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã®æŸåº
ãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããšãæãã¯åŸãããç»åã®
æ倧æ¿åºŠãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããçŸåæ¡ä»¶ãéžæã§ã
ãããšçã®å©ç¹ãããã 以äžãæ¬çºæã«ã€ããŠããã«è©³è¿°ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãæ²åéãšå¡©èåéãš
ã®æ··æçµæ¶ãå«æãããåæ··æçµæ¶ã®äžéšåã¯é
åžžã®æ²åéã®çµæ¶ã§ããããã®æ²åéçµæ¶ãšããŠ
ã¯ãåé è€ãã©ãããåçµæ¶åã®Î²âçžæ²åéçµ
æ¶ã奜ãŸããçšããããããã®æ¬çºæã«ãããŠçš
ããããçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéçµæ¶ã«ã€ããŠ
ã¯ãæç®ïŒããã³ïŒã«è©³è¿°ãããŠãããæ¬çºæã®
æ²åéããŸããå°ãªããšã0.2ÎŒã®æå°å¹³åç²åŸã
æãããã®ã奜ãŸããçšããããããŸããåæ··æ
çµæ¶ã®ç¬¬äºã®éšåãããªãã¡ãçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®
äžèšæ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ãåèšãããŸãã¯
ããã®åææ··åæ³ãå«ãæ¹æ³ã«ãããšãã¿ãã·
ãŒæ¥åããŠåœ¢æãããéšåã¯ãç«æ¹äœã®å¡©èåé
çµæ¶ã§ããããããŠããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åã®å¡©
èåéçµæ¶ã«ã€ããŠããæç®ïŒã«è©³è¿°ãããŠã
ããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠããã®æç®ïŒèšèŒã®æ§æãš
ç¥ã åæ§ã®æ§æãæããŠããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ãå«æãããšãã¿ãã·ã€
ã«æ··æçµæ¶ã®å ·äœçãªæ§æã¯æ¬¡ã®éãã§ããããš
èãããããããªãã¡ãæç®ïŒã«ã詳述ãããŠã
ãããšã§ããããæ¬çºæã®æ··æçµæ¶ã¯ãåé å æ¹
æ¶è€ãã©ãããåβâçžæ²åéçµæ¶ãšç«æ¹äœã®å¡©
èåéçµæ¶ãšãããªããå¡©èåéçµæ¶ã¯çµæ¶åºè³ª
ãšããŠã®æ²åéçµæ¶ãšãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åé¢ã圢æ
ããŠããããã®å ·äœçãªãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åæ§æå³
ã¯ãæç®ïŒã«ããã第ïŒå³ã§ããããã®å€åœ¢äŸã®
å³ã¯åæç®ã«ããã第ïŒå³ã§ããããããŠãæ¬çº
æã«ãããŠåèšããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããæ²åéã®å€
é¢äœçµæ¶ã«å¡©èåéããšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åããå Žå
ã®æ§æå³ã¯ãæç®ïŒã®å®æœäŸïŒã«ç€ºããããããª
åææ··åæ³ãŸãã¯åæç®ã®å®æœäŸïŒãããã¯æç®
ïŒã®å®æœäŸïŒã«ç€ºããããããªæ£æ··åæ³çã«ã
ããå¡©åéçµæ¶ãæ²åéçµæ¶ã«æç®ïŒã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ãŸ
ãã¯ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãããããã«ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åã
ããŠãããããã«ãã®æ··æå¡©åéâæ²åéçµæ¶ã®
å¡©åéçµæ¶ã®äžã«ç«æ¹äœèåéçµæ¶ãŸãã¯å¡©èå
éçµæ¶ã圢æãããŠããããã®å¡©åéãšèåéãŸ
ãã¯å¡©èåéãšã¯ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åé¢ã圢æããŠ
ãããã®ãšèããããã æ¬çºæã«çšãããããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ··æçµæ¶
ã¯ãæ²åéçµæ¶éšåã第ïŒèŒ»å°ç·åå äœãšããŠäœ
çšãããéè²å ãæ¬çºæã®æ··æçµæ¶ãå«æããå
çä¹³å€ã«åæ§é²å ãããšãçŸåå¯èœãªæœåç»åã
圢æãããããããŠãæ¬çºæã®æ²åéãšå¡©èåé
ãšã®ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ··æçµæ¶ãé²å ãããšãæ··æ
ããã²ã³åéçµæ¶å šäœããçŸåå¯èœã«ãªãããå¡©
èåééšåã ããçŸåã§ããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããæ··æçµæ¶ã¯ãæ²åéã®å€é¢
äœçµæ¶é¢ã®å°ãªããšãååã«ã¯ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©è
åéããªãããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéã¯ã代衚
çã«ã¯æ²åéçµæ¶ã®ïŒãïŒãŸãã¯æã«ã¯ïŒé¢ã«é
å®ãããããŸããæ¬çºæã«çšããããæ··æçµæ¶
ã¯ãå¡©èåéãæ··æããã²ã³åéå šäœã®75ã¢ã«ïŒ
以äžã«å¶éãããããã®å¡©èåéã75ã¢ã«ïŒ ã«é
ãããšãå¡©èåéã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæé·ãå§ãŸãæ²
åéçµæ¶é¢ç®æããã®é£æ¥ããæ²åéçµæ¶é¢ã®è¡š
é¢äžã®å¡©èåéçµæ¶æ§é ã䟵é£ããã æ¬çºæã®æ··æçµæ¶ã«ããããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èå
éã¯ã該混æçµæ¶ã®ç¬¬ïŒèŒ»å°ç·åå äœã§ã¯ãªãã
ãã®ãããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã®åçã¹ããŒã
ã¯ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéã«åœã€ã茯å°ç·ã«ãã
ã³ã³ãããŒã«ãããªãã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ãé«ãåçã¹ããŒããåŸ
ãããã®ã¯ãããã²ã³åéã®ç¹å®ã®çµåãããã³
æ··æçµæ¶ã圢æããŠããå¡©èåéçµæ¶ã®å¶éã«ã
ããã®ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æ··æçµæ¶äžã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéã®
éã¯ãå šæ··æããã²ã³åéã®ïŒã50ã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ãã
ããšãæãŸããããã奜ãŸããã¯ãã®æå°å«æé
ã¯ïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ããããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéã¯
åæçŸåé床ãä¿é²ããå¹æãæãããæ¬çºæã®
ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéã¯ããã®æé©éã¯æ¬çºæã«
ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã®çšéçã«å¿ããŠæ±ºå®ãããããäŸ
ãã°èŒ»å°ç·ã®é²å æ°Žæºãé«ãäžã€çŸåé床ãéã
ç¹æ§ãèŠæ±ãããå Žåã«ã¯ã茻å°ç·ã®é²å æ°Žæºã
äœãäžã€çŸåé床ãé ãç¹æ§ã®å Žåããããé«ã
å²åã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéãçšããããã ãŸãããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéã¯ãã®äœ¿çšããçµ
æ¶ã®å€§ããã«ãã€ãŠãçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéçµ
æ¶ã¯çŸåãããã該ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéãçŸå
ãããããã«ã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããšãã§ãããã
ã®å Žåãåçç»åã®ç²ç¶æ§ããã³ç²ç¶åºŠã¯ãšãã¿
ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéçµæ¶ã®éããã倧ããïŒçŽåŸïŒã«
ãã決å®ãããïŒäœãã溶解ç©ççŸåã®ãªãããš
ãæ¡ä»¶ã§ãããïŒããŸãããããã®åçã¹ããŒã
ã¯ããã倧ããªçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéçµæ¶ã«ã
ã€ãŠæ±ºå®ãããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãåç¬ããã²ã³åéçµ
æ¶ïŒç²åïŒãšããŠæ¬çºæã®æ··æå¡©èåéâæ²åé
çµæ¶ïŒç²åïŒãå«æããããã®æ··æçµæ¶ã¯ååæ£
ãŸãã¯å€åæ£ããããããã§ãååæ£ããšã¯ãæ
ç®ïŒã«ãèšèŒãããŠããéãã1970幎ïŒæ17æ¥çº
è¡ã®ã€ãŒãªã³ã°ã¹ãŠãªãŒã¹ïŒIllingsworthïŒã«å®
矩ãããŠãããã®ãšåäžã®æ矩ãæããæ··æãã
ã²ã³åéçµæ¶ã®ééãŸãã¯æ°ã®å°ãªããšã95ïŒ
ãã該ããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ã®å¹³åç²åŸã®Â±40ïŒ ä»¥å
ã«ããããã®å¹³åç²åŸã¯æ··æçµæ¶ã®å¹³åæå°ç²åŸ
ã§ããããååæ£ããšãå€åæ£ãä¹³å€ã®çžå¯Ÿçå©
ç¹ã¯ãäŸãã°ååæ£ä¹³å€ã¯å€åæ£ä¹³å€ã«æ¯èŒããŠ
é«ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãã瀺ãããšçãåœæ¥çã«ãããŠã¯
åºãç¥ãããŠããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéçµæ¶ã¯ã圢æäž
ã«ç¹ã«å€æŽãããªãéããè¡šé¢çŸåã«å¯ŸããŠãæ¬
çºæã®æ··æçµæ¶ãåå¿æ§ã«ãããããªãã¡ãæ¬çº
æã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãåæ§é²å åŸã«è¡šé¢çŸå液ã§
çŸåãããããšãã§ãããè¡šé¢çŸå液ã¯ãããã²
ã³åéçµæ¶ã®è¡šé¢ã«ããæœåã®çŸåãéå§ããã
ãšãã§ãããã®ã§ãããå¯æº¶æ§æ²åå¡©ãŸãã¯ãã
ã²ã³åé溶å€ãå®è³ªçã«å«æããŠããªãã æ¬çºæã®æ··æçµæ¶ã¯ãé²å ããéã«çããæœå
ãçµæ¶æ§é ã®è¡šé¢ãããããããã®å éšã«åãã
ããã«æ§é çã«åœ¢æã§ãããããªãã¡ãæ¬çºæã®
æ··æçµæ¶ã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéïŒãŸãã¯èå
éïŒçµæ¶ã¯äž»ãšããŠå éšæœåã圢æããçµæ¶ã§ã
ãããã«åœ¢æããããšãã§ããããã®æ··æçµæ¶ã«
å éšæœåãã§ãæãããããããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©è
åéïŒãŸãã¯èåéïŒçµæ¶å ã«å éšããŒãã³ãã
å°å ¥ããããšãã§ããããã®å éšããŒãã³ããšã
ãŠã¯ãäŸãã°éãã€ãªãŠãã€ãªãžãŠã ãéãçœ
éããªã¹ããŠã ãããžãŠã ããã«ã«ãã»ã¬ããŠã
çãå«ãŸããããã®ãããªæ··æçµæ¶ãå«æããæ¬
çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãäŸãã°ããã²ã³åé溶å€
ãŸãã¯å¯æº¶æ§æ²åå¡©ãå«æããå éšçŸå液ã§çŸå
ãããããã®ãããªäž»ãšããŠå éšæœåã圢æãã
æ··æçµæ¶ã®è£œé ã«éãããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåé
ïŒãŸãã¯èåéïŒçµæ¶ã¯ãäŸãã°éééå±ã€ãªã³
奜ãŸããã¯å€äŸ¡éå±ã€ãªã³ã®ååšäžã«ããããã
ãããŠããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéïŒãŸãã¯èåéïŒ
çµæ¶ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯åã ã®éå±ã®æ°Žæº¶æ§å¡©ã®ååš
äžããã奜ãŸããã¯é žæ§åªäœäžã§åœ¢æããããã
ã®ãšãã奜ãŸããçšããããå€äŸ¡éå±ã€ãªã³ã¯ã
ïŒäŸ¡ã®éå±ã€ãªã³ïŒéã€ãªã³çïŒãïŒäŸ¡ã®éå±ã€
ãªã³ïŒã¢ã³ãã¢ã³ããã¹ãã¹ããçŽ ãéãã€ãªãž
ãŠã ãããžãŠã ã€ãªã³çïŒãŸãã¯ïŒäŸ¡ã®éå±ã€ãª
ã³ïŒã€ãªãžãŠã ã€ãªã³çïŒãå«ãŸããããããŠã
æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããå€äŸ¡éå±ã€ãªã³ã¯ã€ãªãžãŠã ã
ãã¹ãã¹ãŸãã¯éã§ããããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåé
ïŒãŸãã¯èåéïŒçµæ¶ã¯ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåé
ïŒãŸãã¯èåéïŒã«åºããŠæŠããŠ10-9ã¢ã«ïŒ ã奜
ãŸããã¯10-6ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®å éšããŒãã³ããå«ã¿ãã
ã®ããŒãã³ãã¯ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéïŒãŸãã¯
èåéïŒçµæ¶äžã«ã¯ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéïŒãŸã
ã¯èåéïŒïŒã¢ã«åœãçŽ10-1ã¢ã«ã奜ãŸããã¯
10-4ã¢ã«ããå°ãªãæ¿åºŠã§ååšããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãåè¿°ã®æ··æçµæ¶ã®äž
é£ç¶å±€ãæãããšå ±ã«ããã€ã³ããŒã®é£ç¶å±€ãæ
ããŠããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããæ··æçµæ¶ã¯ãçµæ¶åºè³ªãšã
ãŠã®æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶é¢ã«ãåè¿°ãããããŸ
ãã¯ããã®åææ··åæ³ãå«ãæ¹æ³ã«ããããšã
ã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéçµæ¶ã圢æããŠãããçšããã
ãçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéã®äœæã¯ãæç®ïŒãã
ã³ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã«æºããŠè¡ãªãããããšãã§
ãããã®å ·äœçãªè£œé äŸã¯åŸèšå®æœäŸïŒã«ã瀺ã
ãã äžæ¹ãçšãããããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéãæã
ãæ··æçµæ¶ã¯ãæç®ïŒã«ç€ºãããã³ã³ããŒãæ³ã«
ãããã«ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åããããããªãã¡ã
åèšããã®æ¹æ³ã«ããå Žåãæ²åéä¹³å€ãå«æ
ããåå¿å®¹åšäžã«ãå¡©ã»èåç©ã€ãªã³å«æäŸçµå
æãšã€ãªã³å«æäŸçµŠåæãšãåææ··åæ³ã«ããå
ããããããã®å¡©ã»èåç©ã€ãªã³å«æäŸçµŠåæãš
éã€ãªã³å«æäŸçµŠåæã¯ãåææ··åæ³å¡©èåé補
é ã«çšããããéåžžã®ã¿ã€ãã®ãã®ã§ãããäž
æ¹ãåèšããã®æ¹æ³ã«ããå Žåã¯ãæç®ïŒã®å®
æœäŸïŒã«ç€ºãããåŠãåææ··åæ³ïŒæ¬çºæã®å®æœ
äŸïŒåç §ïŒãŸãã¯åæç®ã®å®æœäŸïŒãããã¯æç®
ïŒã®å®æœäŸïŒã«ç€ºãããåŠãæ£æ··åæ³çã«ããã
çµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéå€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«å¡©åéçµæ¶
ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åããã次ãã§åèšããã®(a)
ã«ç€ºãåææ··åæ³ã«ããèåéçµæ¶ãããŸãã¯å
èšããã®(b)ã«ç€ºãåææ··åæ³ã«ããå¡©èåéçµ
æ¶ãããããå¡©åéçµæ¶ã«ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åãã
ãã°ãããåè¿°ããããã®(a)ãŸãã¯(b)ã®åææ··
åæ³ã«çšããããèåç©ã€ãªã³å«æäŸçµŠåæãŸã
ã¯å¡©ã»èåç©ã€ãªã³å«æäŸçµŠåæãšéã€ãªã³å«æ
äŸçµŠåæã¯ãåææ··åæ³èåéãŸãã¯å¡©èåé補
é ã«çšããããéåžžã®ã¿ã€ãã®ãã®ã§ããããã
ãŠããã®ããã®æ¹æ³ã«ããå Žåã¯ã(a)ã(b)ãã
ãã®å Žåã§ãã€ãŠãããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«å¡©èåéã®
å¡©åéçµæ¶ãã該ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«å¡©èåéå šäœã®
75ã¢ã«ïŒ 以äžããã奜ãŸããã¯60ã¢ã«ïŒ 以äžã«ãª
ãããã«å¶éãããããšãæãŸãããåççšãã€
ã³ããŒã¯ãå°ãªããšããã®äžéšã«ã€ããŠã¯æ²åé
çµæ¶ãåæ£ããåå¿å®¹åšäžã«ååšããŠããããã
ã«å¥ã®ãã€ã³ããŒãå¡©ã»èåç©ã€ãªã³ãŸãã¯èå
ç©ã€ãªã³ããã³éã€ãªã³ã®äŸçµŠåæã®äžæ¹ãŸãã¯
åæ¹ã«å ãããããåè¿°ããå éšããŒãã³ããå¿
èŠãšãããå ŽåãäžèšäŸçµŠåæã®ããããã«ãŸã
ã¯åå¿å®¹åšäžã«å ããããããããŠãæ¬çºæã«ä¿
ãåçä¹³å€äžã®æçµçãªãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéã®
å²åã¯ãå°å ¥ãããéããã³ïŒãŸãã¯å¡©ã»èåç©
ã€ãªã³ã®éãå¶éããããšã«ãã€ãŠæ±ºããããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã¯ãç°ãªã
ä¹³å€ããã¬ã³ãããŠæå®ã®åçç¹æ§ãåŸãããã«
調æŽãããããšãã§ããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠãå
çã¹ããŒããšã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãã«ã€ããŠã®ã³ã³ãããŒ
ã«ãå¯èœã§ãããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãæ¬çº
æã®æ··æçµæ¶ããã¬ã³ããããå¥ã®ããã²ã³åé
çµæ¶ãšå ±ã«ååšãããã®ã§ããå Žåãå šããã²ã³
åéçµæ¶ã®å°ãªããšã50ééããŒã»ã³ããæ¬çºæ
ã®æ··æçµæ¶ã§ããã°ãæ¬çºæã®æ··æçµæ¶ãäž»ãšã
ãŠç»å圢æã«é¢äžããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãå¡©åéçµæ¶ãšæ¬çºæã®æ··æ
çµæ¶ãšããã¬ã³ããããããšãã§ãããå¡©åéçµ
æ¶ã®ãã¬ã³ãã®å©ç¹ã¯ããããã®çµæ¶ãé²å ãŸã
ã¯çŸååŠçã®èšå®æ¡ä»¶äžã§çŽæ¥ãŸãã¯ååŠçã«çŸ
åãããªãã«ãæãããçŸåã¹ããŒãããã³ïŒãŸ
ãã¯éç»åæ¿åºŠãããã®å¡©åéçµæ¶ã®ç©çççŸå
ã®ããã«å®è³ªçã«åŒ·åãããããšã§ããããã®å¡©
åéçµæ¶ãšãæ¬çºæã®æ··æå¡©èåéâæ²åéçµæ¶
ãšã®ãã¬ã³ãå²åã¯ãçšéã«å¿ããŠä»»æã«éžå®ã
ããããšãã§ããã溶解ç©ççŸåã«ãã€ãŠé¡èãª
å¹æãåŸãã«ã¯ãå šããã²ã³åéã®ïŒã50ã¢ã«
ïŒ ããã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒã50ã¢ã«ïŒ ãæ¬çºæã®æ··æ
çµæ¶ãšãã¬ã³ããããå¡©åéçµæ¶ã§ããããšãæ
ãŸããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã«ã¯ãã€ã³ããŒãšããŠèŠª
æ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããçšããããããã®å ·äœäŸãšããŠã¯
ãŒã©ãã³ãèªå°äœãŒã©ãã³ãããªãµãã«ã©ã€ããª
ã©ã®å€©ç¶ç©è³ªã氎溶æ§ããªããã«ååç©ãªã©ã®å
æããªããŒçã ãæããããããããŠãæ¬çºæã«
ãããŠå¥œãŸããçšããããåæããªããŒã®å ·äœäŸ
ã¯æç®ïŒããã³ïŒã«æããããŠãããã®ãããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãé©åœãªæ¯æäœã«å¡èš
ãããŠããã²ã³åéåçæå ææãšããŠæäŸãã
ãããã®å ·äœçãªæ§æçã¯æç®ïŒããã³ïŒã«è©³è¿°
ãããŠããããŸãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ãŸãã¯ã
ããçšããåçæå ææã«ã¯æç®ïŒããã³ïŒã«èš
èŒãããæ¹æ³ã«æºããŠåçš®ã®åççšæ·»å å€ãå«æ
ããããããšãã§ãããäŸãã°çŸå調ç¯å€ãã«ã
ãªé²æ¢å€ãå®å®å€ãçŸåäž»è¬ã硬èå€ã垯é»é²æ¢
å€ãå¯å¡å€ã最æ»å€ãæŒçœå€ã玫å€ç·åžåå€ãã
ã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢ææããã€ã«ã¿ãŒææãçã ãå¿
èŠã«å¿ããŠæ·»å ããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãâã¬ã€çšãã«ã©ãŒ
çšãçœé»çšã転åçšãé«ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãçšçã®åçš®
ã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã«æå¹ã«é©çšããã
ãšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã¯ãåžžæ³ã«
åŸã€ãŠååŠå¢æããããšãã§ãããçšããããšã
ã§ããååŠå¢æå€ãå¢ææ³ã®å¥œãŸããäŸã¯æç®ïŒ
ããã³ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠããããŸããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ã
åçä¹³å€ãçšããåçæå ææã®çŸååŠçã®äŸ
ã¯ãæç®ïŒããã³ïŒã«ç€ºãããŠãããããªãã¡ã
æ¬çºæã«ãããŠããåŸæ¥æè¡ã«ãã€ãŠç©ççŸåã
ãããšãã§ããããéåžžã®è»¢åæ¹åŒïŒã³ãã€ãã
ã©ã³ã¹ãã¢ãŒæ¹åŒãéå¡©æ¡æ£è»¢åæ¹åŒãã€ã³ãã·
ãšã³ãã©ã³ã¹ãã¢ãŒæ¹åŒãã«ã©ãŒè»¢åæ¹åŒçãïŒ
çã«å©çšã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã«ãããæ··æçµæ¶äžããš
ãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéçµæ¶ãããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«
çµæ¶ãšçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéçµæ¶ãšã®åæ¹ãçŸ
åããã«ã¯ãçŸåäž»è¬ãéžæãããã«çŸåæ¡ä»¶ã
åã«ã³ã³ãããŒã«ããã°ããããããããã³ãã«
ãã³ãŒã«ãããšããã³çã®åŒ·åãªçŸåäž»è¬ãçšã
ããšãæ··æããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ã®å®å šãªçŸåãåŸã
ããããåæ§ã«ãã¢ããããšããŒã«ãïœâããšã
ã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ã®åŠãçºè²çŸåäž»è¬ãè²çŽ 圢æã«ã
ã©ãŒãšäžè«žã«çšãããšãå®è³ªçã«æ··æããã²ã³å
éçµæ¶ã®å®å šãªçŸåãåŸããããäžæ¹ããã®çºè²
çŸåäž»è¬ãè²çŽ 圢æã«ãã©ãŒã®ãªããšããã§çŸå
ã«çšãããšããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéçµæ¶ã ããéž
æçã«çŸåããããããã¯çŸåãå¡©èåéã§å§ãŸ
ãããã§ãããæ¯èŒçé ãçŸåé床ã§äžã€æ¹æã
ãªããšããšãã¿ãã·ãŒçµæ¶ã®çŸåãå®è³ªçã«çµäº
ããåŸã§ããã倧éšåã®çµæ¶åºè³ªæ²åéã®çŸåã
éå§ããåã«çŸåãçµçµãããçŸåã®éã«æŸåºã
ããæ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã®éãã³ã³ãããŒã«ã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãé žåå€ãšéå å€ã®å
å¿ãå¯èœã«ããäžå質觊åªãå¿ èŠãšãããããªã¬
ããã¯ã¹ã¢ã³ããªãã€ã±ãŒã·ãšã³æ¹åŒã«äœ¿çšãã
ã®ã«é©ããŠããããã®ãšãçšããããšãã§ããé ž
åå€ãéå å€ããã³ãã®å ·äœçãªæ¹åŒå 容ã«ã€ã
ãŠã¯æç®ïŒããã³ïŒã«è©³è¿°ãããŠããããŸããå
æç®ã«ãèšèŒãããŠããéããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåç
ä¹³å€ã¯æç±åçæå ææã«ãé©çšã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ãå©çšããããã²
ã³åéåçæå ææã¯ãäŸãã°ç¹éæ52â20025
å·ãå52â30430å·ãç¹é¡æ53â33326å·ãå53â
45150å·ãå53â70055å·ãå53â70056å·çã«èš
èŒã®äžæµŽçŸåæŒçœå®çåŠçããã³è²ç»åè£åŒ·åŠç
ãé©çšã§ããã 以äžãå®æœäŸã«ããæ¬çºæãäŸèšŒããããæ¬çº
æã®å®æœæ æ§ã¯ãããã«éå®ãããªãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãïŒçš®é¡ã®æº¶æ¶²ãçšããŠååæ£æ²å
éä¹³å€ãã€ãã€ãã
æ¶ãæããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã®æ¹è¯ã«é¢ã
ããæŽã«è©³ããã¯ãä¿åå®å®æ§ã«åªããäžã€ãã¬
ãã·ã€ãŒã«ããªãçºçãé£ãããã²ã³åéåçä¹³
å€ã«é¢ããã ããã²ã³åç©ãçµåããããšã«ãããåäžã®ã
ãã²ã³åéç²åæ§é å ã®åã ã®ããã²ã³åéã®é·
æãçããæè¡ã¯ãåŸæ¥ããç¥ãããŠããã äŸãã°è±åœç¹èš±ç¬¬1027146å·ã«ã¯ãããã²ã³é
ã®æ žïŒæ žç²åïŒããïŒå±€ãŸãã¯æ°å±€ã®é£æ¥å±€ã®ã
ãã²ã³åéã§è¢«èŠããæ··æããã²ã³åéç²åã«ã€
ããŠé瀺ããŠããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããå¡©åéãè
åéã®è¡šé¢ã«æåºããããšãèåéã®åå æ床ã
åŸããããšå ±ã«ãå¡©åéã®çŸåç¹æ§ãåŸãããã ãŸããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3505068å·ã«ã¯ãäžèšè±åœç¹
èš±ã®æè¡ãçšããŠãéä¹³å€å±€ãšäžè«žã«çšããé ä¹³
å€å±€ãã€ãããããã«ããè²çŽ ç»åã®äœã³ã³ãã©
ã¹ããåŸãæè¡ãé瀺ãããŠããããã®é ä¹³å€ã«
çšããããããã²ã³åéç²åã¯æ²åéãŸãã¯æ²ã
ãã²ã³åéã®æ žãšãèåéãå¡©åéãŸãã¯å¡©èå
éãããªãæ®»ãšãæããŠããã ããã«ããã€ãç¹èš±ç¬¬505012å·ã«ã¯ãæ²åã«ãª
ãŠã ãå¡©åãããªãŠã ãé£ç¶çã«å ããããæ¡ä»¶
äžã§ããã²ã³åéãæ²æŸ±ãããããšã«ãããçŸå
ãããšç·è²ã®èª¿åãæããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€
ã補é ããããšãã§ããæè¡ãé瀺ãããŠããã ããã«ãŸããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬3656962å·ãå第
3852066å·ããã³å第3852067å·ã«ã¯ãç¡æ©çµæ¶ç©
質ãããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ã«æ·»å ããããšã«ãããã
ãã²ã³åéç²åãšç¡æ©çµæ¶ç©è³ªã®ç·å¯ãªç©çççµ
åã«ããå ã«å¯Ÿããæ床ãå€ããæè¡ãé瀺ãã
ãŠããã äžæ¹ãæ²åéã®èŒ»å°ç·æå æ§ãšå¡©åéã®è¿ éçŸ
åæ§ãšããšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åããæ··æããã²ã³åé
çµæ¶ãæããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ããæè¿ã«ãª
ã€ãŠéçºãããããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ··æããã²ã³
åéçµæ¶ã¯ãç¹éæ53â103725å·çã«é瀺ãããŠ
ããåŠããæ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ãšãã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶
ã«ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åããŠåœ¢æãããŠããå¡©åéçµ
æ¶ãšãããªããäžèšæ²åéçµæ¶é¢ã®å°ãªããšãå
åã«ã¯ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©åéãå®è³ªçã«ãªããäžã€
äžèšå¡©åéãæ··æããã²ã³åéå šäœã®75ã¢ã«ïŒ 以
äžã«å¶éãããŠããããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ··æãã
ã²ã³åéçµæ¶ãå«æããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€
ã¯ãçŸåããéã«æ¯èŒçå€éã®æ²åç©ã€ãªã³ãé
é¢ããããšãã§ãããã®ããæ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã®éé¢
ã«ãã奜ãŸããåççå¹æãéæããããšãã§ã
ãç¹ã«å€§ããªç¹åŸŽãæãããããã«ããã®ããã²
ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã®ä»ã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ã奜ãŸããã€ã³ã¿ãŒ
ã€ã¡ãŒãžå¹æãçžå¹æã瀺ãããšã§ãããçŸåã
ããšã¬ããã¯ã¹ã¢ã³ããªãã€ã±ãŒã·ãšã³åå¿ã«çš
ããããäžå質觊åªç»åãããªãã¡éç»åãçã
ãããšã§ãããç²ç¶æ§ãç²ç¶åºŠã®å°ããéç»åãš
è²çŽ ç»åã®äž¡æ¹ã®åçç»åãåŸãããããšã§ã
ããããã«çŸåã«éãå¡©åéãçŸåãããåã¯å¡©
åéããã³æ²åéã®äž¡è ãçŸåãããšããããã«
éžæççŸåãã§ãããšããç¹ã«ãã€ãŠãããã«ã
ã€ãŠåçç»åã®ç²ç¶æ§çãã³ã³ãããŒã«ãããã
æ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã®æŸåºãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããæã
ã¯åŸãããæ倧æ¿åºŠãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããçŸåæ¡ä»¶
ãéžæããããšãã§ããã ããããªããããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åããå¡©
åéãæããæ··æããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ãå«æããã
ãã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã¯ãä¿åããå Žåãæ床äœäž
ãã«ããªã®çºçãã¿ãããæ¬ ç¹ããããäžã€ãã¬
ãã·ã€ãŒã«ããªã®çºçãã¿ãããæ¬ ç¹ãããã ãŸããäžèšç¹éæ53â103725å·èšèŒã®æè¡ã«é¢
é£ããŠãçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéå€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ãš
ãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åãããå¡©åéãã³ã³ããŒãæ³ã«
ãã€ãŠèåéã§çœ®æããæè¡çããç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4142900å·ã«é瀺ãããŠããããã®æè¡ã¯ãçŸå
é床ããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åã®ããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ã«
ãã€ãŠè§£æ±ºãããã®ãšããŠæ³šç®ã«å€ããããç¹é
æ53â103725å·ã®æè¡ã«ã€ããŠè¿°ã¹ãã®ãšåæ§ã®
çš®ã ã®å©ç¹ãæããããããããã®æè¡ã¯ã³ã³ã
ãŒãæ³ã«ãããããçµæ¶ã®æ Œåæ¬ é¥ãããã¯æ§é
äžã®ã²ãã¿ãåå ã§ããã¬ãã·ã€ãŒã«ããªãçºç
ãæããšããæ¬ ç¹ãããã³ä¿åå®å®æ§ã«æ¬ ãããš
ããæ¬ ç¹ãæããããšã¯ãåæ²ã®æ··æå¡©åéâæ²
åéã®çµæ¶ãšåãã§ããã ããã§ãæ¬çºæã®ç®çã¯åèšç¹éæ53â103725
å·ïŒä»¥äžãæç®ïŒãšãããïŒããã³ç±³åœç¹èš±ç¬¬
4142900å·ïŒä»¥äžãæç®ïŒãšãããïŒã«èšèŒã®æè¡
ã®è«žæ¬ ç¹ã解æ¶ããä¿åå®å®æ§ã«åªããäžã€ãã¬
ãã·ã€ãŒã«ããªã®çºçãã¿ãããªããšãã¿ãã·ã€
ã«æ··æããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ãæããããã²ã³åéå
çä¹³å€ãæäŸããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®äžèšç®çããã³åŸè¿°ãããã®ä»ã®ç®ç
ã¯ãæ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ãšã該å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«äžèš
ãããŸãã¯ããã«ç€ºãæ¹æ³ã«ãããšãã¿ãã·
ãŒæ¥åããŠåœ¢æãããå¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ãšãããªã
æ··æããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ãæãã該æ²åéã®å€é¢äœ
çµæ¶é¢ã®å°ãªããšãååã«ã¯ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èå
éãå®è³ªçã«ãªãããã€è©²å¡©èåéãæ··æããã²
ã³åéå šäœã®75ã¢ã«ïŒ 以äžã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšã
ãããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã ãAã æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ã氎溶æ§å¡©åç©ãã
ã³æ°Žæº¶æ§èåç©ãå«ã溶液ãšé塩溶液ãšã®åæ
æ··åæ³ã«ãããå¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒ
æ¥åããæ¹æ³ã ãBã æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«å¡©åéã®çµæ¶ããšã
ã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åãã該塩åéã®çµæ¶ã«(a)ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ§
èåç©ãå«ã溶液ãšé塩溶液ãšã®åææ··åæ³ã
ãŸãã¯(b)ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ§å¡©åç©ããã³æ°Žæº¶æ§èåç©ã
å«ã溶液ãšé塩溶液ãšã®åææ··åæ³ã«ãããè
åéãŸãã¯å¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥å
ããæ¹æ³ã ã«ãã€ãŠéæãããã æ¬æ现æžã«ãããŠããšãã¿ãã·ãŒããšã¯ãæç®
ïŒããã³ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠããçšèªãšåæ§ã®æ矩ã
æãããã®ã§ãããããªãã¡ãæ··æå¡©åéâæ²å
éã®çµæ¶ãæ··æå¡©èåéâæ²åéã®çµæ¶çã«å¯Ÿã
ãŠçšããããçšèªã§ãã€ãŠããã®çµæ¶ã®éååãš
å¡©åç©ååãŸãã¯å¡©èåç©ååçã®çµæ¶åºè³ªã«æ¥
åãããããã²ã³åç©ååã®çµæ¶åŠçé åããã
ããã®æé·ã®éã«çµæ¶åºè³ªããæ²åéçã®çµæ¶ã«
ããã³ã³ãããŒã«ãããããšããããæ··æçµæ¶äœ
ã®å¡©åéãŸãã¯å¡©èåéçã®ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«ãã
ã²ã³åéãšãæ²åéçã®çµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®ããã²
ã³åéã®éšåã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒã®é¢ä¿ã¯ããããšã¯
å¥åã®æ²åéãå¡©åéãå¡©èåéçã®çµæ¶äœã®çŽ
æ¥çãªç©ççæ¥è§Šãšã¯å šãç°ã€ãŠããã æ¬çºæã®å€§ããªç¹åŸŽã®ïŒã€ã¯ãçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠ
ã®æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åããã
å¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ãã ãAã æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ã氎溶æ§å¡©åç©ãã
ã³æ°Žæº¶æ§èåç©ãå«ã溶液ãšé塩溶液ãšã®åæ
æ··åæ³ã«ãããå¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒ
æ¥åããæ¹æ³ã ãBã æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«å¡©åéã®çµæ¶ããšã
ã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åãã該塩åéã®çµæ¶ã«(a)ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ§
èåç©ãå«ã溶液ãšé塩溶液ãšã®åææ··åæ³ã
ãŸãã¯(b)ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ§å¡©åç©ããã³æ°Žæº¶æ§èåç©ã
å«ã溶液ãšé塩溶液ãšã®åææ··åæ³ã«ãããè
åéãŸãã¯å¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥å
ããæ¹æ³ã ã®ããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠåœ¢æãããç¹ã«ããã
ããªãã¡ãæç®ïŒã«ç€ºãããã³ã³ããŒãæ³ã«ãã
ãã«ãæ··æå¡©èåéâæ²åéçµæ¶ã圢æããããš
ã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ããããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«å¡©èåéã¯ãçµ
æ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéãšã®é¢ä¿ã§ææ¡ããããã
ãªãã¡ãåèšããã®æ¹æ³ã«ããå Žåã«ã¯å¡©èå
éçµæ¶ã¯æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«çŽæ¥ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒ
æ¥åãããŠããããåèšããã®äžã®(a)ã®å Žåã«
ã¯æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åãããŠ
ããå¡©åéçµæ¶ã«ããã«èåéçµæ¶ããšãã¿ãã·
ãŒæ¥åãããããããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒã®é¢ä¿ã«ã
ãå¡©èåéã¯çµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéãšã®é¢ä¿ã«
ãããŠãšãã¿ãã·ãŒã®é¢ä¿ãæããŠãããããŸã
åèšããã®äžã®(b)ã®å Žåã«ããåæ²ã®(a)ã®å Žå
ãšåæ§ã«ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åãããŠããå¡©åéãš
å¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ã¯ãçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéãšã®
é¢ä¿ã«ãããŠãšãã¿ãã·ãŒã®é¢ä¿ãæããŠããã
ãã®ããã«æ¬çºæã®ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«å¡©èåéã¯
ããããããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠãçµæ¶åºè³ªãš
ããŠã®æ²åéã«å¯ŸããŠãšãã¿ãã·ãŒã®é¢ä¿ã«ã
ãã æ¬çºæè ãã¯ãåèšãããŸãã¯ããã®åæ
æ··åæ³ãå«ãæ¹æ³ã«ãããå¡©èåéãçµæ¶åºè³ªãš
ããŠã®æ²åéå€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åã
ãŠã該æ¬çºæã®æ··æå¡©èåéâæ²åéçµæ¶ãå«æ
ããåçä¹³å€ã®ä¿åå®å®æ§ãèããé«ããäžã€ã
ã¬ãã·ã€ãŒã«ããªã®çºçãé²æ¢ããããšã«æåã
ããããªãã¡ãåèšæç®ïŒããã³ïŒã®æè¡ã®è«žæ¬
ç¹ãäžæã«è§£æ±ºããã®ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®åºè³ªçµæ¶ãšããŠã®æ²åéã¯ãå°ãªããš
ããã®äžéšã¯æå°å¹³åç²åŸãå°ãªããšã0.1ÎŒã§ã
ãå€é¢äœèŒ»å°ç·æå æ§æ²åéã§ããããã®æ²åé
ã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ã¯ãåèšãããŸãã¯ããã®å
ææ··åæ³ãå«ãæ¹æ³ã«ãããå¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ããš
ãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åããŠåœ¢æãããŠããããããŠãã
ã®æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶é¢ã®å°ãªããšãååã«ã¯ãš
ãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéãå®è³ªçã«ãªããäžã€è©²å¡©è
åéãæ··æããã²ã³åéå šäœã®75ã¢ã«ïŒ 以äžã«å¶
éãããã æ¬çºæã®ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ··æããã²ã³åéçµæ¶
ãå«æããããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã¯ãçŸåããé
ã«æ¯èŒçå€éã®æ²åç©ã€ãªã³ãéé¢ããããšãã§
ããŠããã®æ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã®éé¢ã«ããåççå¹æ
ãéæããã®ã«æå©ã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ã奜ãŸããã€ã³ã¿ãŒã€
ã¡ãŒãžå¹æããã³çžå¹æã瀺ããäŸãã°é žåå€
ïŒã³ãã«ããããµãã³ãéé žåæ°ŽçŽ çïŒãšè²çŽ ç»
å圢ææ§éå å€ïŒçºè²çŸåäž»è¬ãã¬ããã¯ã¹è²çŽ
æŸåºå€ã§é»å転äœå€ãšå ±ã«çšãããããã®çïŒãš
ã®ã¬ããã¯ã¹ã¢ã³ããªãã€ã±ãŒã·ãšã³åå¿ã«çšã
ããããããªäžå質觊åªã®è¡šé¢ãäžæŽ»æ§ã«ããã
ãã«çŸå段éã§æŸåºãããæ²åç©ã€ãªã³ããæ¬çº
æã«ãããŠäœ¿çšã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ããããããã²
ã³åéä¹³å€å±€ãšããŠé©åœãªæ¯æäœã«å¡èšã也ç¥
ããå¯èŠã¹ãã¯ãã«ã®èŒ»å°ç·ã§åæ§é²å ããé©åœ
ãªçŸåæ¡ä»¶äžã§çŸåãããšãåçéç»åãåŸãã
ãããŸããã¬ããã¯ã¹ã¢ã³ããªãã€ã±ãŒã·ãšã³å
å¿æ¡ä»¶äžã§ãçŸåäžã«æŸåºãããæ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã
ã¬ããã¯ã¹ã¢ã³ããªãã€ã±ãŒã·ãšã³è§ŠåªãšããŠã®
éç»åãäžæŽ»æ§ã«ããããã«çšããããšãã§ã
ãã ããã«æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãè²çŽ 圢ææ§ã«
ãã©ãŒã®å«æã«ãããéç»åãšè²çŽ ç»åã®äž¡æ¹ã®
åçç»åãåŸãããããããããã®ç»åã¯ç²ç¶æ§
ããã³ç²ç¶åºŠãå°ããå©ç¹ãããã ãŸãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãå¡©èåéãçŸå
ããããå¡©èåéãšæ²åéã®äž¡è ãçŸåãããã
ããšããããã«ãéžæççŸåãã§ãããåŸã€ãŠã
æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯åçç»åã®ç²ç¶æ§ãšç²ç¶
床ãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããšãæ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã®æŸåº
ãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããšãæãã¯åŸãããç»åã®
æ倧æ¿åºŠãã³ã³ãããŒã«ããçŸåæ¡ä»¶ãéžæã§ã
ãããšçã®å©ç¹ãããã 以äžãæ¬çºæã«ã€ããŠããã«è©³è¿°ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãæ²åéãšå¡©èåéãš
ã®æ··æçµæ¶ãå«æãããåæ··æçµæ¶ã®äžéšåã¯é
åžžã®æ²åéã®çµæ¶ã§ããããã®æ²åéçµæ¶ãšããŠ
ã¯ãåé è€ãã©ãããåçµæ¶åã®Î²âçžæ²åéçµ
æ¶ã奜ãŸããçšããããããã®æ¬çºæã«ãããŠçš
ããããçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéçµæ¶ã«ã€ããŠ
ã¯ãæç®ïŒããã³ïŒã«è©³è¿°ãããŠãããæ¬çºæã®
æ²åéããŸããå°ãªããšã0.2ÎŒã®æå°å¹³åç²åŸã
æãããã®ã奜ãŸããçšããããããŸããåæ··æ
çµæ¶ã®ç¬¬äºã®éšåãããªãã¡ãçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®
äžèšæ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ãåèšãããŸãã¯
ããã®åææ··åæ³ãå«ãæ¹æ³ã«ãããšãã¿ãã·
ãŒæ¥åããŠåœ¢æãããéšåã¯ãç«æ¹äœã®å¡©èåé
çµæ¶ã§ããããããŠããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åã®å¡©
èåéçµæ¶ã«ã€ããŠããæç®ïŒã«è©³è¿°ãããŠã
ããæ¬çºæã«ãããŠããã®æç®ïŒèšèŒã®æ§æãš
ç¥ã åæ§ã®æ§æãæããŠããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ãå«æãããšãã¿ãã·ã€
ã«æ··æçµæ¶ã®å ·äœçãªæ§æã¯æ¬¡ã®éãã§ããããš
èãããããããªãã¡ãæç®ïŒã«ã詳述ãããŠã
ãããšã§ããããæ¬çºæã®æ··æçµæ¶ã¯ãåé å æ¹
æ¶è€ãã©ãããåβâçžæ²åéçµæ¶ãšç«æ¹äœã®å¡©
èåéçµæ¶ãšãããªããå¡©èåéçµæ¶ã¯çµæ¶åºè³ª
ãšããŠã®æ²åéçµæ¶ãšãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åé¢ã圢æ
ããŠããããã®å ·äœçãªãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åæ§æå³
ã¯ãæç®ïŒã«ããã第ïŒå³ã§ããããã®å€åœ¢äŸã®
å³ã¯åæç®ã«ããã第ïŒå³ã§ããããããŠãæ¬çº
æã«ãããŠåèšããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããæ²åéã®å€
é¢äœçµæ¶ã«å¡©èåéããšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åããå Žå
ã®æ§æå³ã¯ãæç®ïŒã®å®æœäŸïŒã«ç€ºããããããª
åææ··åæ³ãŸãã¯åæç®ã®å®æœäŸïŒãããã¯æç®
ïŒã®å®æœäŸïŒã«ç€ºããããããªæ£æ··åæ³çã«ã
ããå¡©åéçµæ¶ãæ²åéçµæ¶ã«æç®ïŒã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ãŸ
ãã¯ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãããããã«ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åã
ããŠãããããã«ãã®æ··æå¡©åéâæ²åéçµæ¶ã®
å¡©åéçµæ¶ã®äžã«ç«æ¹äœèåéçµæ¶ãŸãã¯å¡©èå
éçµæ¶ã圢æãããŠããããã®å¡©åéãšèåéãŸ
ãã¯å¡©èåéãšã¯ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åé¢ã圢æããŠ
ãããã®ãšèããããã æ¬çºæã«çšãããããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ··æçµæ¶
ã¯ãæ²åéçµæ¶éšåã第ïŒèŒ»å°ç·åå äœãšããŠäœ
çšãããéè²å ãæ¬çºæã®æ··æçµæ¶ãå«æããå
çä¹³å€ã«åæ§é²å ãããšãçŸåå¯èœãªæœåç»åã
圢æãããããããŠãæ¬çºæã®æ²åéãšå¡©èåé
ãšã®ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ··æçµæ¶ãé²å ãããšãæ··æ
ããã²ã³åéçµæ¶å šäœããçŸåå¯èœã«ãªãããå¡©
èåééšåã ããçŸåã§ããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããæ··æçµæ¶ã¯ãæ²åéã®å€é¢
äœçµæ¶é¢ã®å°ãªããšãååã«ã¯ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©è
åéããªãããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéã¯ã代衚
çã«ã¯æ²åéçµæ¶ã®ïŒãïŒãŸãã¯æã«ã¯ïŒé¢ã«é
å®ãããããŸããæ¬çºæã«çšããããæ··æçµæ¶
ã¯ãå¡©èåéãæ··æããã²ã³åéå šäœã®75ã¢ã«ïŒ
以äžã«å¶éãããããã®å¡©èåéã75ã¢ã«ïŒ ã«é
ãããšãå¡©èåéã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæé·ãå§ãŸãæ²
åéçµæ¶é¢ç®æããã®é£æ¥ããæ²åéçµæ¶é¢ã®è¡š
é¢äžã®å¡©èåéçµæ¶æ§é ã䟵é£ããã æ¬çºæã®æ··æçµæ¶ã«ããããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èå
éã¯ã該混æçµæ¶ã®ç¬¬ïŒèŒ»å°ç·åå äœã§ã¯ãªãã
ãã®ãããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã®åçã¹ããŒã
ã¯ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéã«åœã€ã茯å°ç·ã«ãã
ã³ã³ãããŒã«ãããªãã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ãé«ãåçã¹ããŒããåŸ
ãããã®ã¯ãããã²ã³åéã®ç¹å®ã®çµåãããã³
æ··æçµæ¶ã圢æããŠããå¡©èåéçµæ¶ã®å¶éã«ã
ããã®ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æ··æçµæ¶äžã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéã®
éã¯ãå šæ··æããã²ã³åéã®ïŒã50ã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ãã
ããšãæãŸããããã奜ãŸããã¯ãã®æå°å«æé
ã¯ïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ã§ããããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéã¯
åæçŸåé床ãä¿é²ããå¹æãæãããæ¬çºæã®
ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéã¯ããã®æé©éã¯æ¬çºæã«
ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã®çšéçã«å¿ããŠæ±ºå®ãããããäŸ
ãã°èŒ»å°ç·ã®é²å æ°Žæºãé«ãäžã€çŸåé床ãéã
ç¹æ§ãèŠæ±ãããå Žåã«ã¯ã茻å°ç·ã®é²å æ°Žæºã
äœãäžã€çŸåé床ãé ãç¹æ§ã®å Žåããããé«ã
å²åã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéãçšããããã ãŸãããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéã¯ãã®äœ¿çšããçµ
æ¶ã®å€§ããã«ãã€ãŠãçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéçµ
æ¶ã¯çŸåãããã該ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéãçŸå
ãããããã«ã³ã³ãããŒã«ããããšãã§ãããã
ã®å Žåãåçç»åã®ç²ç¶æ§ããã³ç²ç¶åºŠã¯ãšãã¿
ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéçµæ¶ã®éããã倧ããïŒçŽåŸïŒã«
ãã決å®ãããïŒäœãã溶解ç©ççŸåã®ãªãããš
ãæ¡ä»¶ã§ãããïŒããŸãããããã®åçã¹ããŒã
ã¯ããã倧ããªçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéçµæ¶ã«ã
ã€ãŠæ±ºå®ãããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãåç¬ããã²ã³åéçµ
æ¶ïŒç²åïŒãšããŠæ¬çºæã®æ··æå¡©èåéâæ²åé
çµæ¶ïŒç²åïŒãå«æããããã®æ··æçµæ¶ã¯ååæ£
ãŸãã¯å€åæ£ããããããã§ãååæ£ããšã¯ãæ
ç®ïŒã«ãèšèŒãããŠããéãã1970幎ïŒæ17æ¥çº
è¡ã®ã€ãŒãªã³ã°ã¹ãŠãªãŒã¹ïŒIllingsworthïŒã«å®
矩ãããŠãããã®ãšåäžã®æ矩ãæããæ··æãã
ã²ã³åéçµæ¶ã®ééãŸãã¯æ°ã®å°ãªããšã95ïŒ
ãã該ããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ã®å¹³åç²åŸã®Â±40ïŒ ä»¥å
ã«ããããã®å¹³åç²åŸã¯æ··æçµæ¶ã®å¹³åæå°ç²åŸ
ã§ããããååæ£ããšãå€åæ£ãä¹³å€ã®çžå¯Ÿçå©
ç¹ã¯ãäŸãã°ååæ£ä¹³å€ã¯å€åæ£ä¹³å€ã«æ¯èŒããŠ
é«ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãã瀺ãããšçãåœæ¥çã«ãããŠã¯
åºãç¥ãããŠããããšã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéçµæ¶ã¯ã圢æäž
ã«ç¹ã«å€æŽãããªãéããè¡šé¢çŸåã«å¯ŸããŠãæ¬
çºæã®æ··æçµæ¶ãåå¿æ§ã«ãããããªãã¡ãæ¬çº
æã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãåæ§é²å åŸã«è¡šé¢çŸå液ã§
çŸåãããããšãã§ãããè¡šé¢çŸå液ã¯ãããã²
ã³åéçµæ¶ã®è¡šé¢ã«ããæœåã®çŸåãéå§ããã
ãšãã§ãããã®ã§ãããå¯æº¶æ§æ²åå¡©ãŸãã¯ãã
ã²ã³åé溶å€ãå®è³ªçã«å«æããŠããªãã æ¬çºæã®æ··æçµæ¶ã¯ãé²å ããéã«çããæœå
ãçµæ¶æ§é ã®è¡šé¢ãããããããã®å éšã«åãã
ããã«æ§é çã«åœ¢æã§ãããããªãã¡ãæ¬çºæã®
æ··æçµæ¶ã®ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéïŒãŸãã¯èå
éïŒçµæ¶ã¯äž»ãšããŠå éšæœåã圢æããçµæ¶ã§ã
ãããã«åœ¢æããããšãã§ããããã®æ··æçµæ¶ã«
å éšæœåãã§ãæãããããããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©è
åéïŒãŸãã¯èåéïŒçµæ¶å ã«å éšããŒãã³ãã
å°å ¥ããããšãã§ããããã®å éšããŒãã³ããšã
ãŠã¯ãäŸãã°éãã€ãªãŠãã€ãªãžãŠã ãéãçœ
éããªã¹ããŠã ãããžãŠã ããã«ã«ãã»ã¬ããŠã
çãå«ãŸããããã®ãããªæ··æçµæ¶ãå«æããæ¬
çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãäŸãã°ããã²ã³åé溶å€
ãŸãã¯å¯æº¶æ§æ²åå¡©ãå«æããå éšçŸå液ã§çŸå
ãããããã®ãããªäž»ãšããŠå éšæœåã圢æãã
æ··æçµæ¶ã®è£œé ã«éãããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåé
ïŒãŸãã¯èåéïŒçµæ¶ã¯ãäŸãã°éééå±ã€ãªã³
奜ãŸããã¯å€äŸ¡éå±ã€ãªã³ã®ååšäžã«ããããã
ãããŠããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéïŒãŸãã¯èåéïŒ
çµæ¶ã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯åã ã®éå±ã®æ°Žæº¶æ§å¡©ã®ååš
äžããã奜ãŸããã¯é žæ§åªäœäžã§åœ¢æããããã
ã®ãšãã奜ãŸããçšããããå€äŸ¡éå±ã€ãªã³ã¯ã
ïŒäŸ¡ã®éå±ã€ãªã³ïŒéã€ãªã³çïŒãïŒäŸ¡ã®éå±ã€
ãªã³ïŒã¢ã³ãã¢ã³ããã¹ãã¹ããçŽ ãéãã€ãªãž
ãŠã ãããžãŠã ã€ãªã³çïŒãŸãã¯ïŒäŸ¡ã®éå±ã€ãª
ã³ïŒã€ãªãžãŠã ã€ãªã³çïŒãå«ãŸããããããŠã
æ¬çºæã®å¥œãŸããå€äŸ¡éå±ã€ãªã³ã¯ã€ãªãžãŠã ã
ãã¹ãã¹ãŸãã¯éã§ããããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåé
ïŒãŸãã¯èåéïŒçµæ¶ã¯ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåé
ïŒãŸãã¯èåéïŒã«åºããŠæŠããŠ10-9ã¢ã«ïŒ ã奜
ãŸããã¯10-6ã¢ã«ïŒ ã®å éšããŒãã³ããå«ã¿ãã
ã®ããŒãã³ãã¯ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéïŒãŸãã¯
èåéïŒçµæ¶äžã«ã¯ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéïŒãŸã
ã¯èåéïŒïŒã¢ã«åœãçŽ10-1ã¢ã«ã奜ãŸããã¯
10-4ã¢ã«ããå°ãªãæ¿åºŠã§ååšããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãåè¿°ã®æ··æçµæ¶ã®äž
é£ç¶å±€ãæãããšå ±ã«ããã€ã³ããŒã®é£ç¶å±€ãæ
ããŠããã æ¬çºæã«çšããããæ··æçµæ¶ã¯ãçµæ¶åºè³ªãšã
ãŠã®æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶é¢ã«ãåè¿°ãããããŸ
ãã¯ããã®åææ··åæ³ãå«ãæ¹æ³ã«ããããšã
ã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéçµæ¶ã圢æããŠãããçšããã
ãçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéã®äœæã¯ãæç®ïŒãã
ã³ïŒã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã«æºããŠè¡ãªãããããšãã§
ãããã®å ·äœçãªè£œé äŸã¯åŸèšå®æœäŸïŒã«ã瀺ã
ãã äžæ¹ãçšãããããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéãæã
ãæ··æçµæ¶ã¯ãæç®ïŒã«ç€ºãããã³ã³ããŒãæ³ã«
ãããã«ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åããããããªãã¡ã
åèšããã®æ¹æ³ã«ããå Žåãæ²åéä¹³å€ãå«æ
ããåå¿å®¹åšäžã«ãå¡©ã»èåç©ã€ãªã³å«æäŸçµå
æãšã€ãªã³å«æäŸçµŠåæãšãåææ··åæ³ã«ããå
ããããããã®å¡©ã»èåç©ã€ãªã³å«æäŸçµŠåæãš
éã€ãªã³å«æäŸçµŠåæã¯ãåææ··åæ³å¡©èåé補
é ã«çšããããéåžžã®ã¿ã€ãã®ãã®ã§ãããäž
æ¹ãåèšããã®æ¹æ³ã«ããå Žåã¯ãæç®ïŒã®å®
æœäŸïŒã«ç€ºãããåŠãåææ··åæ³ïŒæ¬çºæã®å®æœ
äŸïŒåç §ïŒãŸãã¯åæç®ã®å®æœäŸïŒãããã¯æç®
ïŒã®å®æœäŸïŒã«ç€ºãããåŠãæ£æ··åæ³çã«ããã
çµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéå€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«å¡©åéçµæ¶
ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åããã次ãã§åèšããã®(a)
ã«ç€ºãåææ··åæ³ã«ããèåéçµæ¶ãããŸãã¯å
èšããã®(b)ã«ç€ºãåææ··åæ³ã«ããå¡©èåéçµ
æ¶ãããããå¡©åéçµæ¶ã«ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åãã
ãã°ãããåè¿°ããããã®(a)ãŸãã¯(b)ã®åææ··
åæ³ã«çšããããèåç©ã€ãªã³å«æäŸçµŠåæãŸã
ã¯å¡©ã»èåç©ã€ãªã³å«æäŸçµŠåæãšéã€ãªã³å«æ
äŸçµŠåæã¯ãåææ··åæ³èåéãŸãã¯å¡©èåé補
é ã«çšããããéåžžã®ã¿ã€ãã®ãã®ã§ããããã
ãŠããã®ããã®æ¹æ³ã«ããå Žåã¯ã(a)ã(b)ãã
ãã®å Žåã§ãã€ãŠãããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«å¡©èåéã®
å¡©åéçµæ¶ãã該ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«å¡©èåéå šäœã®
75ã¢ã«ïŒ 以äžããã奜ãŸããã¯60ã¢ã«ïŒ 以äžã«ãª
ãããã«å¶éãããããšãæãŸãããåççšãã€
ã³ããŒã¯ãå°ãªããšããã®äžéšã«ã€ããŠã¯æ²åé
çµæ¶ãåæ£ããåå¿å®¹åšäžã«ååšããŠããããã
ã«å¥ã®ãã€ã³ããŒãå¡©ã»èåç©ã€ãªã³ãŸãã¯èå
ç©ã€ãªã³ããã³éã€ãªã³ã®äŸçµŠåæã®äžæ¹ãŸãã¯
åæ¹ã«å ãããããåè¿°ããå éšããŒãã³ããå¿
èŠãšãããå ŽåãäžèšäŸçµŠåæã®ããããã«ãŸã
ã¯åå¿å®¹åšäžã«å ããããããããŠãæ¬çºæã«ä¿
ãåçä¹³å€äžã®æçµçãªãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéã®
å²åã¯ãå°å ¥ãããéããã³ïŒãŸãã¯å¡©ã»èåç©
ã€ãªã³ã®éãå¶éããããšã«ãã€ãŠæ±ºããããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã¯ãç°ãªã
ä¹³å€ããã¬ã³ãããŠæå®ã®åçç¹æ§ãåŸãããã«
調æŽãããããšãã§ããããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠãå
çã¹ããŒããšã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãã«ã€ããŠã®ã³ã³ãããŒ
ã«ãå¯èœã§ãããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãæ¬çº
æã®æ··æçµæ¶ããã¬ã³ããããå¥ã®ããã²ã³åé
çµæ¶ãšå ±ã«ååšãããã®ã§ããå Žåãå šããã²ã³
åéçµæ¶ã®å°ãªããšã50ééããŒã»ã³ããæ¬çºæ
ã®æ··æçµæ¶ã§ããã°ãæ¬çºæã®æ··æçµæ¶ãäž»ãšã
ãŠç»å圢æã«é¢äžããã æ¬çºæã«ãããŠã¯ãå¡©åéçµæ¶ãšæ¬çºæã®æ··æ
çµæ¶ãšããã¬ã³ããããããšãã§ãããå¡©åéçµ
æ¶ã®ãã¬ã³ãã®å©ç¹ã¯ããããã®çµæ¶ãé²å ãŸã
ã¯çŸååŠçã®èšå®æ¡ä»¶äžã§çŽæ¥ãŸãã¯ååŠçã«çŸ
åãããªãã«ãæãããçŸåã¹ããŒãããã³ïŒãŸ
ãã¯éç»åæ¿åºŠãããã®å¡©åéçµæ¶ã®ç©çççŸå
ã®ããã«å®è³ªçã«åŒ·åãããããšã§ããããã®å¡©
åéçµæ¶ãšãæ¬çºæã®æ··æå¡©èåéâæ²åéçµæ¶
ãšã®ãã¬ã³ãå²åã¯ãçšéã«å¿ããŠä»»æã«éžå®ã
ããããšãã§ããã溶解ç©ççŸåã«ãã€ãŠé¡èãª
å¹æãåŸãã«ã¯ãå šããã²ã³åéã®ïŒã50ã¢ã«
ïŒ ããã奜ãŸããã¯ïŒã50ã¢ã«ïŒ ãæ¬çºæã®æ··æ
çµæ¶ãšãã¬ã³ããããå¡©åéçµæ¶ã§ããããšãæ
ãŸããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã«ã¯ãã€ã³ããŒãšããŠèŠª
æ°Žæ§ã³ãã€ããçšããããããã®å ·äœäŸãšããŠã¯
ãŒã©ãã³ãèªå°äœãŒã©ãã³ãããªãµãã«ã©ã€ããª
ã©ã®å€©ç¶ç©è³ªã氎溶æ§ããªããã«ååç©ãªã©ã®å
æããªããŒçã ãæããããããããŠãæ¬çºæã«
ãããŠå¥œãŸããçšããããåæããªããŒã®å ·äœäŸ
ã¯æç®ïŒããã³ïŒã«æããããŠãããã®ãããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãé©åœãªæ¯æäœã«å¡èš
ãããŠããã²ã³åéåçæå ææãšããŠæäŸãã
ãããã®å ·äœçãªæ§æçã¯æç®ïŒããã³ïŒã«è©³è¿°
ãããŠããããŸãæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ãŸãã¯ã
ããçšããåçæå ææã«ã¯æç®ïŒããã³ïŒã«èš
èŒãããæ¹æ³ã«æºããŠåçš®ã®åççšæ·»å å€ãå«æ
ããããããšãã§ãããäŸãã°çŸå調ç¯å€ãã«ã
ãªé²æ¢å€ãå®å®å€ãçŸåäž»è¬ã硬èå€ã垯é»é²æ¢
å€ãå¯å¡å€ã最æ»å€ãæŒçœå€ã玫å€ç·åžåå€ãã
ã¬ãŒã·ãšã³é²æ¢ææããã€ã«ã¿ãŒææãçã ãå¿
èŠã«å¿ããŠæ·»å ããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãâã¬ã€çšãã«ã©ãŒ
çšãçœé»çšã転åçšãé«ã³ã³ãã©ã¹ãçšçã®åçš®
ã®ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææã«æå¹ã«é©çšããã
ãšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã¯ãåžžæ³ã«
åŸã€ãŠååŠå¢æããããšãã§ãããçšããããšã
ã§ããååŠå¢æå€ãå¢ææ³ã®å¥œãŸããäŸã¯æç®ïŒ
ããã³ïŒã«èšèŒãããŠããããŸããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ã
åçä¹³å€ãçšããåçæå ææã®çŸååŠçã®äŸ
ã¯ãæç®ïŒããã³ïŒã«ç€ºãããŠãããããªãã¡ã
æ¬çºæã«ãããŠããåŸæ¥æè¡ã«ãã€ãŠç©ççŸåã
ãããšãã§ããããéåžžã®è»¢åæ¹åŒïŒã³ãã€ãã
ã©ã³ã¹ãã¢ãŒæ¹åŒãéå¡©æ¡æ£è»¢åæ¹åŒãã€ã³ãã·
ãšã³ãã©ã³ã¹ãã¢ãŒæ¹åŒãã«ã©ãŒè»¢åæ¹åŒçãïŒ
çã«å©çšã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã«ãããæ··æçµæ¶äžããš
ãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéçµæ¶ãããã®ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«
çµæ¶ãšçµæ¶åºè³ªãšããŠã®æ²åéçµæ¶ãšã®åæ¹ãçŸ
åããã«ã¯ãçŸåäž»è¬ãéžæãããã«çŸåæ¡ä»¶ã
åã«ã³ã³ãããŒã«ããã°ããããããããã³ãã«
ãã³ãŒã«ãããšããã³çã®åŒ·åãªçŸåäž»è¬ãçšã
ããšãæ··æããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ã®å®å šãªçŸåãåŸã
ããããåæ§ã«ãã¢ããããšããŒã«ãïœâããšã
ã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ã®åŠãçºè²çŸåäž»è¬ãè²çŽ 圢æã«ã
ã©ãŒãšäžè«žã«çšãããšãå®è³ªçã«æ··æããã²ã³å
éçµæ¶ã®å®å šãªçŸåãåŸããããäžæ¹ããã®çºè²
çŸåäž»è¬ãè²çŽ 圢æã«ãã©ãŒã®ãªããšããã§çŸå
ã«çšãããšããšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èåéçµæ¶ã ããéž
æçã«çŸåããããããã¯çŸåãå¡©èåéã§å§ãŸ
ãããã§ãããæ¯èŒçé ãçŸåé床ã§äžã€æ¹æã
ãªããšããšãã¿ãã·ãŒçµæ¶ã®çŸåãå®è³ªçã«çµäº
ããåŸã§ããã倧éšåã®çµæ¶åºè³ªæ²åéã®çŸåã
éå§ããåã«çŸåãçµçµãããçŸåã®éã«æŸåºã
ããæ²åç©ã€ãªã³ã®éãã³ã³ãããŒã«ã§ããã æ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ã¯ãé žåå€ãšéå å€ã®å
å¿ãå¯èœã«ããäžå質觊åªãå¿ èŠãšãããããªã¬
ããã¯ã¹ã¢ã³ããªãã€ã±ãŒã·ãšã³æ¹åŒã«äœ¿çšãã
ã®ã«é©ããŠããããã®ãšãçšããããšãã§ããé ž
åå€ãéå å€ããã³ãã®å ·äœçãªæ¹åŒå 容ã«ã€ã
ãŠã¯æç®ïŒããã³ïŒã«è©³è¿°ãããŠããããŸããå
æç®ã«ãèšèŒãããŠããéããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåç
ä¹³å€ã¯æç±åçæå ææã«ãé©çšã§ããã ãŸããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãåçä¹³å€ãå©çšããããã²
ã³åéåçæå ææã¯ãäŸãã°ç¹éæ52â20025
å·ãå52â30430å·ãç¹é¡æ53â33326å·ãå53â
45150å·ãå53â70055å·ãå53â70056å·çã«èš
èŒã®äžæµŽçŸåæŒçœå®çåŠçããã³è²ç»åè£åŒ·åŠç
ãé©çšã§ããã 以äžãå®æœäŸã«ããæ¬çºæãäŸèšŒããããæ¬çº
æã®å®æœæ æ§ã¯ãããã«éå®ãããªãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãïŒçš®é¡ã®æº¶æ¶²ãçšããŠååæ£æ²å
éä¹³å€ãã€ãã€ãã
ãè¡šã
溶液ã«åžè²©ã®ãšãŠçŽ ã€ãªã³é»æ¥µãšããã«ãžã€
ã³ã¯ã·ãšã³åéïŒå¡©åéæ¯èŒé»æ¥µïŒãžã€ã³ã¯ã·ãš
ã³æ¶²ãïŒã¢ã«KNO3氎溶液ïŒã浞ããé»äœã枬å®
ãããã®é»äœïŒâ175ïœïŒ¶ïŒã溶液ã溶液ã®
æ·»å ã®éäžå®ã«ä¿ã€ããã«ã溶液ã®æµéã調ç¯
ããŠå¶åŸ¡ããã溶液ã®æ·»å é床ã¯ãæ·»å éå§ã
ãïŒåéã ã0.5mlïŒminã®å®éã§æ·»å ãã以åŸ
10åéã«0.385mlïŒminã®å²åã§çŽç·çã«å¢å ã
ãã溶液ãå šãŠæ·»å ãããã®ã«197åéèŠããã
溶液ãå šãŠæ·»å ãããæç¹ã§æ·»å ãããã以äž
ã®æäœã«ããæ°ŽæŽãè±å¡©ãè¡ã€ããæ²æŸ±å€ãšããŠ
è±çã¢ãã©ã¹ç€Ÿè£œãã¢ãŒã«N5ïŒ æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšç¡«é žã
ã°ãã·ãŠã 20ïŒ æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã10ïŒïŒã®å²åã§æ²æŸ±ãç
ãããŸã§å ãããé眮ã«ããæ²æŸ±ãæ²éããåŸã
äžæŸã¿ããã«ã³ãããèžçæ°Ž3000mlãå ããæ²æŸ±
ãååæ£ãããã20ïŒ ç¡«é žãã°ãã·ãŠã 氎溶液ã
åã³æ²æŸ±ãçãããŸã§å ãããæ²æŸ±ãæ²éããã
åŸãäžæŸã¿ããã«ã³ããããªã»ã€ã³ãŒã©ãã³ã®æ°Ž
溶液ïŒãŒã©ãã³56.6ïœãå«ãïŒãå ãã35âã§20
åéæ¹æã«ãã€ãŠåæ£ããèžçæ°Žã§ç·éã2270ml
ã«èª¿æŽããã以äžããã®ä¹³å€ãEMâïŒãšåŒã¶ã é»åé¡åŸ®é¡åçã«ããããã®EMâïŒä¹³å€ã¯å¹³
åç²åŸ0.25ÎŒïœãç²åŸã®æšæºåå·®ãå¹³åç²åŸã®20
ïŒ ã§ããããšãããã€ãããŸãç·åæã«ããã
ã®EMâïŒä¹³å€ã¯Î±ãγãã»ãšãã©å«ãŸãªãβâ
çžæ²åéããæãããšãããã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãïŒçš®é¡ã®æº¶æ¶²ãçšããŠãæ²åéã«
çŽå¡©åéããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åãããä¹³å€ãã€ã
ã€ãã
ã³ã¯ã·ãšã³åéïŒå¡©åéæ¯èŒé»æ¥µïŒãžã€ã³ã¯ã·ãš
ã³æ¶²ãïŒã¢ã«KNO3氎溶液ïŒã浞ããé»äœã枬å®
ãããã®é»äœïŒâ175ïœïŒ¶ïŒã溶液ã溶液ã®
æ·»å ã®éäžå®ã«ä¿ã€ããã«ã溶液ã®æµéã調ç¯
ããŠå¶åŸ¡ããã溶液ã®æ·»å é床ã¯ãæ·»å éå§ã
ãïŒåéã ã0.5mlïŒminã®å®éã§æ·»å ãã以åŸ
10åéã«0.385mlïŒminã®å²åã§çŽç·çã«å¢å ã
ãã溶液ãå šãŠæ·»å ãããã®ã«197åéèŠããã
溶液ãå šãŠæ·»å ãããæç¹ã§æ·»å ãããã以äž
ã®æäœã«ããæ°ŽæŽãè±å¡©ãè¡ã€ããæ²æŸ±å€ãšããŠ
è±çã¢ãã©ã¹ç€Ÿè£œãã¢ãŒã«N5ïŒ æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšç¡«é žã
ã°ãã·ãŠã 20ïŒ æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã10ïŒïŒã®å²åã§æ²æŸ±ãç
ãããŸã§å ãããé眮ã«ããæ²æŸ±ãæ²éããåŸã
äžæŸã¿ããã«ã³ãããèžçæ°Ž3000mlãå ããæ²æŸ±
ãååæ£ãããã20ïŒ ç¡«é žãã°ãã·ãŠã 氎溶液ã
åã³æ²æŸ±ãçãããŸã§å ãããæ²æŸ±ãæ²éããã
åŸãäžæŸã¿ããã«ã³ããããªã»ã€ã³ãŒã©ãã³ã®æ°Ž
溶液ïŒãŒã©ãã³56.6ïœãå«ãïŒãå ãã35âã§20
åéæ¹æã«ãã€ãŠåæ£ããèžçæ°Žã§ç·éã2270ml
ã«èª¿æŽããã以äžããã®ä¹³å€ãEMâïŒãšåŒã¶ã é»åé¡åŸ®é¡åçã«ããããã®EMâïŒä¹³å€ã¯å¹³
åç²åŸ0.25ÎŒïœãç²åŸã®æšæºåå·®ãå¹³åç²åŸã®20
ïŒ ã§ããããšãããã€ãããŸãç·åæã«ããã
ã®EMâïŒä¹³å€ã¯Î±ãγãã»ãšãã©å«ãŸãªãβâ
çžæ²åéããæãããšãããã€ãã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãïŒçš®é¡ã®æº¶æ¶²ãçšããŠãæ²åéã«
çŽå¡©åéããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åãããä¹³å€ãã€ã
ã€ãã
ãè¡šã
35âã§æº¶æ¶²ïŒŠã«æº¶æ¶²D70.6mlãšæº¶æ¶²E70.6mlãïŒ
åéãèŠããŠããã«ãžãšããæ³ã«ãŠåæã«æ·»å ã
ããæ·»å çµäºåŸã以äžã®æäœã«ããæ°ŽæŽãè±å¡©ã
è¡ãªã€ããæ²æŸ±å€ãšããŠè±çã¢ãã©ã¹ç€Ÿè£œãã¢ãŒ
ã«N5ïŒ æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšç¡«é žãã°ãã·ãŠã 20ïŒ æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã
10ïŒïŒã®å²åã§æ²æŸ±ãçãããŸã§å ãããé眮ã«
ããæ²æŸ±ãæ²éãããäžæŸã¿ããã«ã³ãããåŸã
èžçæ°Ž800mlãå ãåã³åæ£ãããã20ïŒ ç¡«é žã
ã°ãã·ãŠã ãåã³æ²æŸ±ãçãããŸã§å ãããæ²æŸ±
ãæ²éããåŸãäžæŸã¿æ¶²ããã«ã³ãããªã»ã€ã³ãŒ
ã©ãã³ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒãŒã©ãã³10ïœãå«ãïŒãå ãã
35âã§20åéæ¹æã«ãã€ãŠåæ£ããèžçæ°Žã§ç·é
ã200mlã«èª¿æŽããã以äžãã®ä¹³å€ãEMâïŒãš
åŒã¶ã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã«ããŠäœæããä¹³å€ã«ãè±å¡©å·¥
çšã®åã«ãïŒã¢ã«KBr氎溶液35mlãå ãã50â
ã§10åéå ç±ãããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«ã«æ¥åããŠãã
å¡©åéã«èçŽ ãã³ã³ããŒãããåŸãå®æœäŸïŒãšå
æ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§æ°ŽæŽè±å¡©ãè¡ãªã€ãã以äžãã®ä¹³å€ã
EMâïŒãšåŒã¶ã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãïŒçš®é¡ã®æº¶æ¶²ãçšããŠãæ²åéã«
å¡©èåéãã³ã³ããŒãžãšã³ã«ãããªãã§ãæ¬çºæ
ã®ããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åããã
ä¹³å€ãã€ãã€ãã
åéãèŠããŠããã«ãžãšããæ³ã«ãŠåæã«æ·»å ã
ããæ·»å çµäºåŸã以äžã®æäœã«ããæ°ŽæŽãè±å¡©ã
è¡ãªã€ããæ²æŸ±å€ãšããŠè±çã¢ãã©ã¹ç€Ÿè£œãã¢ãŒ
ã«N5ïŒ æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ãšç¡«é žãã°ãã·ãŠã 20ïŒ æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ã
10ïŒïŒã®å²åã§æ²æŸ±ãçãããŸã§å ãããé眮ã«
ããæ²æŸ±ãæ²éãããäžæŸã¿ããã«ã³ãããåŸã
èžçæ°Ž800mlãå ãåã³åæ£ãããã20ïŒ ç¡«é žã
ã°ãã·ãŠã ãåã³æ²æŸ±ãçãããŸã§å ãããæ²æŸ±
ãæ²éããåŸãäžæŸã¿æ¶²ããã«ã³ãããªã»ã€ã³ãŒ
ã©ãã³ã®æ°Žæº¶æ¶²ïŒãŒã©ãã³10ïœãå«ãïŒãå ãã
35âã§20åéæ¹æã«ãã€ãŠåæ£ããèžçæ°Žã§ç·é
ã200mlã«èª¿æŽããã以äžãã®ä¹³å€ãEMâïŒãš
åŒã¶ã å®æœäŸ ïŒ å®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã«ããŠäœæããä¹³å€ã«ãè±å¡©å·¥
çšã®åã«ãïŒã¢ã«KBr氎溶液35mlãå ãã50â
ã§10åéå ç±ãããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«ã«æ¥åããŠãã
å¡©åéã«èçŽ ãã³ã³ããŒãããåŸãå®æœäŸïŒãšå
æ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§æ°ŽæŽè±å¡©ãè¡ãªã€ãã以äžãã®ä¹³å€ã
EMâïŒãšåŒã¶ã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãïŒçš®é¡ã®æº¶æ¶²ãçšããŠãæ²åéã«
å¡©èåéãã³ã³ããŒãžãšã³ã«ãããªãã§ãæ¬çºæ
ã®ããã®æ¹æ³ã«ãããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åããã
ä¹³å€ãã€ãã€ãã
ãè¡šã
35âã§æº¶æ¶²ïŒŠã«æº¶æ¶²D70.6mlãšæº¶æ¶²G70.6ã
ïŒåéãèŠããŠããã«ãžãšããæ³ã«ãŠåæã«æ·»å
ãããæ·»å çµäºåŸãå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§æ°Ž
æŽãè±å¡©ãè¡ãªã€ãã以äžãã®ä¹³å€ãEMâïŒãš
åŒã¶ã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãïŒçš®é¡ã®æº¶æ¶²ãçšããŠæ²åéã«å°
éã®å¡©åéããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åãããæŽã«ãã®
å¡©åéã«èåéããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åãããä¹³å€
ãã€ãã€ããããªãã¡ãæ¬çºæã®ããã®(a)ã®æ¹
æ³ã«ããä¹³å€ãã€ãã€ãã
ïŒåéãèŠããŠããã«ãžãšããæ³ã«ãŠåæã«æ·»å
ãããæ·»å çµäºåŸãå®æœäŸïŒãšåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§æ°Ž
æŽãè±å¡©ãè¡ãªã€ãã以äžãã®ä¹³å€ãEMâïŒãš
åŒã¶ã å®æœäŸ ïŒ ç¬¬ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãïŒçš®é¡ã®æº¶æ¶²ãçšããŠæ²åéã«å°
éã®å¡©åéããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åãããæŽã«ãã®
å¡©åéã«èåéããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åãããä¹³å€
ãã€ãã€ããããªãã¡ãæ¬çºæã®ããã®(a)ã®æ¹
æ³ã«ããä¹³å€ãã€ãã€ãã
ã¡ããŒã« ïŒïœ
ç¡æ°Žäºç¡«é
žãããªãŠã 50ïœ
ãã€ããããã³ ïŒïœ
çé
žãããªãŠã 29.5ïœ
èåã«ãªãŠã 1.0ïœ
æ°Žãå ããŠïŒã«èª¿æŽããã
ã»ã³ã·ãã¡ããªãŒçµæã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãã
æ é æž© 床
(1) çºè²çŸå 3.5å 33â
(2) æŒçœå®ç 2.0å 33±ïŒâ
(3) æ°Ž æŽ 3.0å 33±ïŒâ
(4) 也 ç¥
ãçºè²çŸååŠç液çµæã
âãšãã«ââβâã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ããªã³ã¢ãã
ãšãã«âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããã¢ããªã³ç¡«é ž
å¡© 4.5ïœ ããããã·ã¢ãã³ 2.0ïœ çé žã«ãªãŠã 25.0ïœ èåãããªãŠã 0.3ïœ ç¡æ°Žäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 2.0ïœ ãã³ãžã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã« 14.5ml æ°Žãå ããŠïŒãšããæ°Žé žåã«ãªãŠã ã§PH
10.20ã«èª¿æŽããã ãæŒçœå®ç液çµæã ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é žéãããªãŠã å¡©
56ïœ ããªç¡«é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 100ïœ éäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 10ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é ž 18ïœ æ°Žãå ããŠïŒãšããã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢æ°Žã§PH7.0ã«
調æŽããã åŠçåŸã®è©Šæã®æãæ²ãéšã«çºçããããŒã³ã
è²ã®å§åã«ããªã®æ¿åºŠã枬å®ããããã®çµæã第
ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãã
ãšãã«âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããã¢ããªã³ç¡«é ž
å¡© 4.5ïœ ããããã·ã¢ãã³ 2.0ïœ çé žã«ãªãŠã 25.0ïœ èåãããªãŠã 0.3ïœ ç¡æ°Žäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 2.0ïœ ãã³ãžã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã« 14.5ml æ°Žãå ããŠïŒãšããæ°Žé žåã«ãªãŠã ã§PH
10.20ã«èª¿æŽããã ãæŒçœå®ç液çµæã ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é žéãããªãŠã å¡©
56ïœ ããªç¡«é žã¢ã³ã¢ããŠã 100ïœ éäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 10ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é ž 18ïœ æ°Žãå ããŠïŒãšããã¢ã³ã¢ãã¢æ°Žã§PH7.0ã«
調æŽããã åŠçåŸã®è©Šæã®æãæ²ãéšã«çºçããããŒã³ã
è²ã®å§åã«ããªã®æ¿åºŠã枬å®ããããã®çµæã第
ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãã
æé 枩床
(1) äžæµŽçºè²çŸåæŒçœå®çåŠç济 3.5å 33â
(2) æ°Ž æŽ ïŒå
(3) 也 ç¥
ãäžæµŽçºè²çŸåæŒçœå®çåŠç济ã®çµæã
âãšãã«ââβâã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ããªã³ã¢ãã
ãšãã«âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããã¢ããªã³ç¡«é ž
å¡© 5.6ïœ çé žã«ãªãŠã 30.0ïœ èåãããªãŠã 0.10ïœ ç¡æ°Žäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 4.50ïœ ãã³ãžã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã« 10.0ml ããªç¡«é žãããªãŠã 25.0ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é žãããªãŠã 30.0ïœ æ°Žãå ããŠïŒãšããæ°Žé žåãããªãŠã ã§PH
10.60ã«èª¿æŽããã ãã®çµæã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãã
ãšãã«âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããã¢ããªã³ç¡«é ž
å¡© 5.6ïœ çé žã«ãªãŠã 30.0ïœ èåãããªãŠã 0.10ïœ ç¡æ°Žäºç¡«é žãããªãŠã 4.50ïœ ãã³ãžã«ã¢ã«ã³ãŒã« 10.0ml ããªç¡«é žãããªãŠã 25.0ïœ ãšãã¬ã³ãžã¢ãã³ããã©é ¢é žãããªãŠã 30.0ïœ æ°Žãå ããŠïŒãšããæ°Žé žåãããªãŠã ã§PH
10.60ã«èª¿æŽããã ãã®çµæã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãã
äºç¡«é
žãããªãŠã 20ïœ
çé
žãããªãŠã 30.0ïœ
ããªç¡«é
žãããªãŠã 20.0ïœ
ãCoïŒNH3ïŒ6ãïŒCH3COOïŒ3 20.0ïœ
âãšãã«ââβâã¡ã¿ã³ã¹ã«ããªã³ã¢ãã
ãšãã«âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããã¢ããªã³ç¡«é ž
å¡© 10.0ïœ éé žåæ°ŽçŽ ïŒ30ïŒ ïŒ ïŒml æ°Žã«ãŠïŒã«ä»äžããPH12.5ã«èª¿æŽããã å®æœäŸ 10 å®æœäŸïŒã®æº¶æ¶²ïŒ©ã«ä»£ããŠäžèšã®æº¶æ¶²ïŒªãçšã 溶液 KBrã®0.5ã¢ã«æ°Žæº¶æ¶² KClã®0.5ã¢ã«æ°Žæº¶æ¶² ãä»ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãšåãæ¹æ³ã§ãæ²åéã«å°éã®å¡©
åéããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åãããæŽã«ãã®å¡©åé
ã«å¡©èåéããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åãããä¹³å€ãã€
ãã€ããããªãã¡ãæ¬çºæã®ããã®(b)ã®æ¹æ³ã«
ããä¹³å€ãã€ãã€ãã åŸãããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã«ã€ããŠãåè¿°ã®å®
æœäŸïŒãïŒã«ç€ºããããããã®å®éšãè¡ã€ããšã
ããããããEMâïŒä¹³å€ãšåçã®å¥œçµæãåŸã
ããã
ãšãã«âïŒâã¡ãã«âïŒâã¢ããã¢ããªã³ç¡«é ž
å¡© 10.0ïœ éé žåæ°ŽçŽ ïŒ30ïŒ ïŒ ïŒml æ°Žã«ãŠïŒã«ä»äžããPH12.5ã«èª¿æŽããã å®æœäŸ 10 å®æœäŸïŒã®æº¶æ¶²ïŒ©ã«ä»£ããŠäžèšã®æº¶æ¶²ïŒªãçšã 溶液 KBrã®0.5ã¢ã«æ°Žæº¶æ¶² KClã®0.5ã¢ã«æ°Žæº¶æ¶² ãä»ã¯å®æœäŸïŒãšåãæ¹æ³ã§ãæ²åéã«å°éã®å¡©
åéããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åãããæŽã«ãã®å¡©åé
ã«å¡©èåéããšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«æ¥åãããä¹³å€ãã€
ãã€ããããªãã¡ãæ¬çºæã®ããã®(b)ã®æ¹æ³ã«
ããä¹³å€ãã€ãã€ãã åŸãããæ¬çºæã«ä¿ãä¹³å€ã«ã€ããŠãåè¿°ã®å®
æœäŸïŒãïŒã«ç€ºããããããã®å®éšãè¡ã€ããšã
ããããããEMâïŒä¹³å€ãšåçã®å¥œçµæãåŸã
ããã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ãšã該å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«äžèš
ãããŸãã¯ããã«ç€ºãæ¹æ³ã«ãããšãã¿ãã·
ãŒæ¥åããŠåœ¢æãããå¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ãšãããªã
æ··æããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ãæãã該æ²åéã®å€é¢äœ
çµæ¶é¢ã®å°ãªããšãååã«ã¯ãšãã¿ãã·ãŒå¡©èå
éãå®è³ªçã«ãªãããã€è©²å¡©èåéãæ··æããã²
ã³åéå šäœã®75ã¢ã«ïŒ 以äžã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšã
ãããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã ãAã æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ã氎溶æ§å¡©åç©ãã
ã³æ°Žæº¶æ§èåç©ãå«ã溶液ãšé塩溶液ãšã®åæ
æ··åæ³ã«ãããå¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ããšãã¿ãã·ãŒ
æ¥åããæ¹æ³ã ãBã æ²åéã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«å¡©åéã®çµæ¶ããšã
ã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åãã該塩åéã®çµæ¶ã«ã(a)ïŒæ°Žæº¶
æ§èåç©ãå«ã溶液ãšé塩溶液ãšã®åææ··å
æ³ããŸãã¯(b)ïŒæ°Žæº¶æ§å¡©åç©ããã³æ°Žæº¶æ§èå
ç©ãå«ã溶液ãšé塩溶液ãšã®åææ··åæ³ã«ã
ããèåéãŸãã¯å¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ããšãã¿ãã·
ãŒæ¥åããæ¹æ³ã ïŒ äžèšæ²åéãäž»ãšããŠåé è€ãã©ãããåçµ
æ¶åã®Î²âçžæ²åéã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±
è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã ïŒ äžèšæ²åéãå°ãªããšã0.2ÎŒã®æå°å¹³åç²åŸ
ãæããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé
èšèŒã®ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã ïŒ æ··æããã²ã³åéçµæ¶ã®ééãŸãã¯æ°ã®95ïŒ
ããã®å¹³åç²åŸã®Â±40ïŒ ä»¥å ã«ããããšãç¹åŸŽãš
ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®ããã²ã³åéå
çä¹³å€ã ïŒ å šæ··æããã²ã³åéã®ïŒã50ã¢ã«ïŒ ãå¡©èå
éã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé
èšèŒã®ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã ïŒ å¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ãäž»ãšããŠå éšæœåã圢æã
ãçµæ¶ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬
ïŒé èšèŒã®ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã ïŒ å¡©èåéã®çµæ¶ãé²å ã®éã«å éšæœåã®åœ¢æ
ã容æã«ããå éšããŒãã³ããå«ãããšãç¹åŸŽãš
ããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®ããã²ã³åéå
çä¹³å€ã ïŒ å šããã²ã³åéã®ïŒã50ã¢ã«ïŒ ãæ··æããã²
ã³åéã®çµæ¶ãšãã¬ã³ããããå¥ã®ããã²ã³åé
ã®çµæ¶ã®åœ¢ã§ååšããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±
è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã ïŒ å šããã²ã³åéã®å°ãªããšãïŒã¢ã«ïŒ ãæ··æ
ããã²ã³åéã®çµæ¶ãšãã¬ã³ããããå¥ã®å¡©åé
ã®åœ¢ã§ååšããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®
ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã ïŒïŒ ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ãè²çŽ 圢æã«ãã©ãŒ
ãå«ãããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé ãŸ
ãã¯ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ã ïŒïŒ å éšããŒãã³ããã€ãªãžãŠã ã§ããããšã
ç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®ããã²ã³
åéåçä¹³å€ã ïŒïŒ å¡©åéã®çµæ¶ããæ²åç©ã®å€é¢äœçµæ¶ã«ãš
ãã¿ãã·ãŒæ¥åãããå šäœã®ãšãã¿ãã·ã€ã«å¡©è
åéçµæ¶ã®75ã¢ã«ïŒ 以äžã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšãã
ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³
å€ã
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5753179A JPS55149933A (en) | 1979-05-10 | 1979-05-10 | Silver halide photographic emulsion |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5753179A JPS55149933A (en) | 1979-05-10 | 1979-05-10 | Silver halide photographic emulsion |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS55149933A JPS55149933A (en) | 1980-11-21 |
| JPS6343733B2 true JPS6343733B2 (ja) | 1988-09-01 |
Family
ID=13058321
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5753179A Granted JPS55149933A (en) | 1979-05-10 | 1979-05-10 | Silver halide photographic emulsion |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS55149933A (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0644133B2 (ja) * | 1985-04-17 | 1994-06-08 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææ |
| JP2587284B2 (ja) * | 1989-01-18 | 1997-03-05 | å¯å£«åçãã€ã«ã æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ããã²ã³åéåçæå ææåã³ãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |
-
1979
- 1979-05-10 JP JP5753179A patent/JPS55149933A/ja active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS55149933A (en) | 1980-11-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4094684A (en) | Photographic emulsions and elements containing agel crystals forming epitaxial junctions with AgI crystals | |
| US4142900A (en) | Converted-halide photographic emulsions and elements having composite silver halide crystals | |
| US4349622A (en) | Photographic silver halide emulsion comprising epitaxial composite silver halide crystals, silver iodobromide emulsion and process for preparing the same | |
| JPS6330616B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS6158027B2 (ja) | ||
| US4514491A (en) | Photosensitive silver halide emulsion | |
| JPH04318544A (ja) | 溶解ç©ççŸåå å«åŠççšããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ | |
| US4350758A (en) | Photographic emulsion containing copper halide host crystals | |
| JPH0466011B2 (ja) | ||
| US4165986A (en) | Substituted-halide silver halide emulsions and products containing same | |
| JP2000321696A (ja) | ä¹³å€èª¿è£œæ¹æ³ | |
| JPS6342769B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS6343733B2 (ja) | ||
| US4433049A (en) | Method for preparing a light-sensitive cuprous halide emulsion | |
| JPS6342768B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH07146522A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ | |
| JPS6343734B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0130137B2 (ja) | ||
| JPH0254534B2 (ja) | ||
| Maternaghan | Use of monosize dispersions in silver halide photographic emulsions | |
| JPS59188639A (ja) | ããã²ã³åéä¹³å€ | |
| JPS58111933A (ja) | äºå硬èããåçèŠçŽ | |
| RU2084009C1 (ru) | СпПÑПб пПлÑÑÐµÐœÐžÑ Ð³Ð°Ð»ÐŸÐ³ÐµÐœÐŒÐµÐŽÐœÐŸÐ¹ ÑПÑПгÑаÑОÑеÑкПй ÑÐŒÑлÑÑОО | |
| JPH0617988B2 (ja) | ããã²ã³åéåçä¹³å€ããã³ãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
| RU2085990C1 (ru) | СпПÑПб ОзгПÑÐŸÐ²Ð»ÐµÐœÐžÑ Ð±ÑПЌОПЎÑеÑебÑÑÐœÑÑ ÑПÑПгÑаÑОÑеÑÐºÐžÑ ÑÐŒÑлÑÑОй |