JPS637302B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to solar heat collectors that utilize photoisomeric materials as energy transport materials.

Conventional solar heat collectors are collectors with a black paint film or selective absorption film formed on the surface, and a heat transfer material absorbs solar energy as sensible heat, and this heat transfer material is supplied to a heat exchanger for heat exchange and hot water storage. It is a type of hot water that converts water in a tank into hot water, and the hot water is heated to a temperature determined by the collector method, area, flow rate of heat transfer material, hot water storage tank volume, etc., and then stored. For this reason, solar heat collectors tend to have a large heat loss when storing hot water at a high temperature, which increases the cost of heat retention.On the other hand, when storing hot water at a low temperature and trying to reduce heat loss, it is necessary to reheat the hot water to produce hot water. It required equipment and energy such as electricity, gas, oil, etc. for additional heating.

In addition, photoisomer materials such as norbornadiene are used as energy transport materials to absorb solar energy as latent heat of photoisomerization of quadricyclane, etc., and transport the absorbed thermal energy to convert quadricyclane to norbornadiene in a catalytic reactor. Some researchers have considered materials that attempt to convert heat energy by causing a reverse reaction, but these heat transport materials mainly absorb solar energy in the low wavelength region and have poor absorption efficiency. For this reason, methods to improve absorption efficiency include using a photoisomer material with a sensitizer added as a heat carrier, but it is difficult to obtain a solar energy conversion efficiency of more than 5%. .

The present invention aims to provide a solar heat collector that is highly energy-saving and capable of achieving high temperatures compared to conventional solar heat collectors that use energy other than solar energy such as electricity, gas, and oil as a reheating heat source. This is the purpose.

The configuration of the solar heat collecting device of the present invention for achieving this purpose uses a solar energy absorbing material in which a colored substance is dispersed in a photoisomer material, and the solar energy absorbing material converts solar energy into sensible heat energy and photoisomer material. a collector for absorbing latent heat energy, a first heat exchanger for exchanging sensible heat energy of the solar energy absorbing material, a storage tank for storing the solar energy absorbing material, and a storage tank for storing the solar energy absorbing material; A catalytic reaction device that converts latent heat energy of photoisomerization into sensible heat energy, and a second reactor that exchanges heat with this sensible heat energy.
A solar energy absorbing material circulation circuit is constructed by sequentially connecting the solar energy absorbing material with a heat exchanger through piping, and a forced circulation means is provided in a part of the circulation circuit.

The function of the solar heat collector of the present invention having the above structure is that the solar energy absorbing material in which a colored substance is dispersed in a photoisomer material receives solar energy in the collector and absorbs it as sensible heat energy and photoisomerization latent heat energy. However, the sensible heat energy is circulated by the forced circulation means and first heat exchanged in the first heat exchanger. This heat-exchanged sensible heat energy is stored at a relatively low temperature in a heat storage material, or is used by being transferred by a heat transfer material.

Next, the solar energy absorbing material is sent to a catalytic reaction device via a solar energy absorbing material storage tank, where the photoisomerization latent heat energy is converted into high temperature sensible heat energy. This high-temperature sensible heat energy is used by reheating the heat storage material or heat transfer material that has stored the low-temperature heat, by storing heat in another heat storage material, or by being thermally transferred by another heat transfer material. The solar energy absorbing material is then sent to the collector again to absorb solar energy. This operation achieves the above intended purpose.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a collector, and a circulation circuit 2 for solar energy absorbing material including the collector 1 is provided, and this circulation circuit 2 includes a first heat exchanger 4 installed in a low-temperature hot water storage tank 3, and a solar energy absorbing material circulation circuit 2 including the collector 1. A storage tank 5 for energy absorbing material, a catalytic reaction device 7 provided in a high-temperature hot water storage tank 6, a second heat exchanger 8, and a circulation pump 9 are sequentially inserted. The high temperature hot water storage tank 6 is connected in series to the hot water outlet side of the low temperature hot water storage tank 3.

In addition, 10 in the figure is a water supply port, and 11 is a tap water outlet.

The solar heat absorbing material is made by dispersing a colored substance in a photoisomer material, and the photoisomer material uses, for example, norbornadiene → quadricyclane isomerization reaction, uses cis-trans isomerization reaction, uses intramolecular Reactions that utilize the formation of bianthracene, aromatic nuclear isomerization, isomerization of 1 and 3 dienes, and (2+2) type photocycloaddition reactions, and any of these systems can be applied. Carbon particles are used as the coloring substance.
Further, the photoisomerizable material may also contain a sensitizer for photoreaction. However, since the purpose of this sensitizer is completely different from that of a coloring substance, it is necessary to distinguish between them.

Note that the following explanation will focus on norbornadiene as the photoisomerizable material.

Next, the operation will be explained.

When solar energy is absorbed by the solar energy absorbing material in collector 1, norbornadiene absorbs solar energy on the low wavelength side as photoisomerization latent heat energy and causes a photoisomerization reaction that converts it into quadricyclane, which converts it into carbon particles. Solar energy of all wavelengths is absorbed as sensible heat energy to raise the temperature of the solar energy absorbing material. The solar energy absorbing material that has absorbed this solar energy is circulated through the circulation circuit 2 by the operation of the circulation pump 9. The sensible heat energy is then heat-exchanged in the first heat exchanger 4 to the low-temperature hot water storage tank 3.
water is heated and stored at a low temperature. The solar energy absorbing material, which has been cooled by heat exchange of sensible heat energy, is sent to the catalytic reaction device 7 via the storage tank 5, where it undergoes a reverse photoisomerization reaction on quadricyclane and returns it to norbornadiene. Generates sensible heat energy. The solar energy absorbing material heated to a high temperature by this is further sent to the second heat exchanger 8, where it exchanges heat with the low-temperature hot water sent from the low-temperature hot water storage tank 3 and further heats this low-temperature hot water. The hot water is heated to a high temperature and stored in a high temperature hot water storage tank 13. And the solar energy absorbing material is again collector 1
The solar energy is sent to the sun and acts as an absorber of solar energy.

A second embodiment of the invention will be described. In this embodiment, the sensible heat energy of the solar energy absorbing material that has absorbed solar energy as sensible heat energy is heat exchanged by the first heat exchanger 4, and the first
The water used as a heat storage material is stored as low-temperature hot water in the low-temperature hot water storage tank 3 and used, and the photoisomerization latent heat energy is converted into high-temperature sensible heat energy by a reverse reaction, and this high-temperature sensible heat energy is used as a second By exchanging heat with the heat exchanger 8 , water serving as a second heat storage material in a system different from the water serving as the first heat storage material can be stored as high-temperature hot water in the high-temperature hot water storage tank 6 . In the above example, water was used as both the first heat storage material and the second heat storage material, but it is also possible to use water mixed with an inhibitor, propylene glycol, oil, etc., depending on the temperature range of high and low temperatures. Furthermore, it is also possible to change the heat storage material depending on the purpose of using the thermal energy.

In these first and second embodiments, during the day when there is sunlight, the heat storage material is heated and stored by the above-mentioned action, and norbornadiene is photoisomerized to quadricyclane, and the solar energy absorbing material is stored. In the tank 5, a solar energy absorbing material containing quadricyclane that has accumulated latent heat energy of photoisomerization is stored.

For example, in the first embodiment of the present invention, when the high-temperature hot water in the high-temperature hot water storage tank 6 is used up, low-temperature hot water is sent from the low-temperature hot water storage tank 3, but even when there is no sunlight from evening to early morning, By operating the circulation optical pump 9, the solar energy absorbing material containing quadricyclane is forcibly circulated, and the latent heat energy of photoisomerization is converted into high-temperature sensible heat energy, which is extracted and reheated to generate high-temperature water again. The hot water can be stored in the high temperature hot water storage tank 6 and used.

As a third embodiment of the present invention, hot water is transported by a heat transfer medium and used as an energy source for a heating device without providing a low temperature hot water storage tank 3 or a high temperature hot water storage tank 6.
Furthermore, it is also possible to use it by exchanging heat.

The flow rate of the solar energy absorbing material in the above configuration is normally maintained at a constant flow rate because the optimal value is determined by the configuration of the equipment, but in the present invention, the solar energy absorbing material has a storage tank 5. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 2, when trying to perform instantaneous heat exchange with the second heat exchanger 8, proportional control of the hot water temperature and the hot water flow rate, It is necessary to increase or decrease the amount of high-temperature sensible heat energy generated by the reverse reaction in the catalytic reaction device, but in order to achieve this, the capacity of the circulation pump 9 is changed to change the circulation flow rate of the solar energy absorbing material. This can be realized by providing a means for Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 in which the high-temperature hot water storage tank 6 is provided, means for changing the capacity of the circulation pump is also provided when a high heating speed is required for additional heating, reheating, etc. It is effective to keep it.

Another embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. In this embodiment, the high-temperature hot water storage tank 6 is not used, and water is allowed to flow from the water supply port 10 to the hot water outlet 11 while transferring heat.

In addition to the configuration of the first aspect of the present invention, a configuration of the second aspect of the present invention provides a bypass circuit that bypasses the catalytic reaction device and the second heat exchanger; The configuration includes a flow path switching means for switching between the catalytic reaction device and the second heat exchanger circuit. In addition to the effect of the first invention, the effect of the second invention is that when high temperatures are not required, the bypass circuit of the solar energy absorbing material is opened and the solar energy absorbing material is transferred to the catalytic reaction device and the second heat exchanger. By bypassing the solar energy absorbing material, only the heat transfer and heat exchange of the sensible heat energy of the solar energy absorbing material is performed, and the latent heat energy of photoisomerization is circulated while being accumulated. When a high temperature is required, the bypass circuit is closed and the flow path switching means is set so that the solar energy absorbing material flows to the catalytic reaction device and the second heat exchanger. The isomerization latent heat energy is caused to undergo a reverse reaction in a catalytic reactor and converted into high-temperature sensible heat energy, which is then heat exchanged in a second heat exchanger for ignition, reheating, or instant heat exchange. It can be heated and used.

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the second invention. In the figure, 1 is a collector, 2 is a circulation circuit, 3 is a low temperature hot water storage tank, 4 is a first heat exchanger, 5 is a storage tank,
7 is a catalytic reaction device, 8 is a second heat exchanger, and 9 is a circulation pump, which are constructed in the same manner as shown in FIG. 1 above. A bypass circuit 12 is connected in parallel to the series circuit of the catalytic reaction device 7 and the second heat exchanger 8, and a bypass circuit 12 is connected to the series circuit of the catalytic reaction device 7 and the second heat exchanger 8 and the bypass circuit 12, respectively. , valves 13 and 14 are provided as flow path switching means.

In the above configuration, by opening 14 and closing valve 13 when high-temperature tapping is not required,
The solar energy absorbing material is led to the bypass circuit 12 without passing through the catalytic reaction device 7, and the conversion by the reverse reaction of the latent heat energy of photoisomerization is not performed. Next, by opening the valve 13 and closing the valve 14 only when high-temperature tapping is desired, the photoisomerization latent heat energy is converted by a reverse reaction, and instantaneous heat exchange is performed in the second heat exchanger 8, resulting in a high temperature. Take a bath.

Further, instead of the above configuration, it is possible to provide a small capacity high temperature hot water storage tank for storing the energy exchanged by the second heat exchanger 8, and in addition, the flow path switching means can be installed in the high temperature hot water storage tank. It is also possible to further improve the efficiency by providing an automatic control device for the flow path switching means that automatically controls the flow path in response to a rise in temperature.

Providing a means for changing the capacity of the circulation pump is also effective in the second invention as described in the first invention.

According to the solar heat collecting device of the present invention, solar energy is absorbed as sensible heat energy and photoisomerization latent heat energy by the solar energy absorbing material in which a colored substance is dispersed in a photoisomer material, so that solar energy absorption efficiency is achieved. It has the effect of making things better. In addition, the sensible heat energy can be heat exchanged and stored at a low temperature, or transported to another place for use, and the photoisomerization latent heat energy can be converted into high temperature sensible heat energy by a reverse reaction to be stored at a high temperature. By reheating the heat storage material that has stored heat at a low temperature, it is possible to obtain a high temperature using solar energy as a heat source without using other energies such as electricity, gas, or oil as a heat source. Furthermore, since it has a solar energy storage tank 5, by storing solar energy absorbing material containing quadricyclane that has accumulated latent heat energy of photoisomerization in this tank, hot water can be stored at high temperature even when there is no sunlight from evening to early morning. By operating the circulation pump 9 even after the hot water in the tank 6 is used up, solar energy can be used as a heat source without using other energies such as electricity, gas, or oil as a heat source. This makes it possible to provide an energy-saving and efficient solar heat collection device that can generate high temperatures.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a solar heat collector according to an embodiment of the first invention, Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a solar heat collector according to another embodiment, and Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a solar heat collector according to a second embodiment of the invention. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the device. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Collector, 2... Circulation circuit, 3... Low temperature hot water storage tank, 4... First heat exchanger, 5... Storage tank, 6... High temperature hot water storage tank, 7... Catalytic reaction device, 8
...Second heat exchanger, 9...Circulation pump, 12...
...Bypass circuit, 13, 14...valve.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A solar energy absorbing material in which a colored substance is dispersed in a photoisomer material is used, and the solar energy absorbing material serves as a collector for absorbing solar energy as sensible heat energy and photoisomerization latent heat energy. , a first heat exchanger for heat-exchanging sensible heat energy of the solar energy absorbing material; a storage tank for the solar energy absorbing material; and a first heat exchanger for converting the photoisomerization latent heat energy of the solar energy absorbing material into sensible heat energy. A catalytic reaction device and a second heat exchanger for exchanging this sensible heat energy are sequentially connected via piping to constitute a circulation circuit for the solar energy absorbing material, and a forced circulation means is provided in a part of the circulation circuit. Solar heat collector. 2. The forced circulation means consists of a circulation pump, and
The solar heat collecting device according to claim 1, which is configured to have variable pump capacity. 3. Using a solar energy absorbing material in which a colored substance is dispersed in a photoisomer material, a collector for the solar energy absorbing material to absorb solar energy as sensible heat energy and photoisomerization latent heat energy, and the solar energy absorbing material a first heat exchanger for exchanging sensible heat energy of the solar energy absorbing material; a catalytic reaction device for converting the photoisomerization latent heat energy of the solar energy absorbing material into sensible heat energy; A circulation circuit for the solar energy absorbing material is constructed by sequentially connecting a second heat exchanger for heat exchange of sensible heat energy with a second heat exchanger, and a forced circulation means is provided in a part of the circulation circuit, and the catalytic reaction device A bypass circuit is provided to bypass the second heat exchanger, and
A solar heat collecting device provided with a flow path switching means for switching between this bypass circuit and the circuit of the catalytic reaction device/second heat exchanger. 4. The solar heat collector according to claim 3, wherein the flow path switching means includes a control device.