JPS637306B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to solar heat collectors that utilize photoisomeric materials as energy transport materials.

Conventional solar heat collectors are collectors with a black paint film or selective absorption film formed on the surface, and a heat transfer material absorbs solar energy as sensible heat, and this heat transfer material is supplied to a heat exchanger for heat exchange and hot water storage. The water in the tank is heated to a temperature determined by the type and area of the collector, the flow rate of the heat transfer material, the volume of the hot water storage tank, etc., and then stored. For this reason, when storing hot water at a high temperature, solar thermal collectors tend to have a large heat radiation loss, which increases the cost of heat retention.On the other hand, when trying to reduce the heat radiation loss by storing hot water at a low temperature, it is necessary to reheat the hot water for hot water extraction. It required equipment and energy such as electricity, gas, oil, etc. for additional heating.

In addition, photoisomer materials such as norbornadiene are used as energy transport materials to absorb solar energy as latent heat of photoisomerization of quadricyclane, etc., and transport the absorbed thermal energy to convert quadricyclane to norbornadiene in a catalytic reactor. Some ideas have been proposed to convert solar energy into thermal energy by causing a reverse reaction, but these energy transport materials mainly absorb solar energy in the low wavelength region and have poor absorption efficiency. For this reason, methods to improve absorption efficiency include using a photoisomer material with a sensitizer added as a heat carrier, but it is difficult to obtain a solar energy conversion efficiency of more than 5%. .

Taking these problems into consideration, the present invention has developed a solar heat collection device that is highly energy-saving and can generate high temperatures compared to conventional solar heat collectors that use energy other than solar energy such as electricity, gas, and oil as a reheating heat source. The purpose is to provide a heat collecting device.

The configuration of the solar heat collector of the present invention to achieve this purpose uses a solar energy absorbing material in which a colored substance is dispersed in a photoisomer material, and this solar energy absorbing material converts solar energy into sensible heat energy and photoisomer material. a collector for absorbing latent heat energy, a first heat exchanger for exchanging sensible heat energy of the solar energy absorbing material, a storage tank for storing the solar energy absorbing material, and a storage tank for storing the solar energy absorbing material; A catalytic reaction device that converts latent heat energy of photoisomerization into sensible heat energy and a second heat exchanger that exchanges heat energy of the catalytic reaction device are sequentially connected by piping to form a circulation circuit, A configuration in which forced circulation means is provided in a part of the circuit, and a subcircuit is provided with a second forced circulation means that returns from the outlet side of the second heat exchanger in the circulation circuit to the storage tank of the solar energy absorbing material. This is what I did.

The solar heat collector of the present invention having the above structure operates such that the solar energy absorbing material, which is a photoisomer material with a colored substance dispersed therein, receives solar energy in the collector and absorbs it as sensible heat energy and photoisomerization latent heat energy. is circulated by forced circulation means, and sensible heat energy is heat exchanged in the first heat exchanger. This heat-exchanged sensible heat energy is stored at a relatively low temperature in a heat storage material, or is used by being transferred by a heat transfer material. Further, the solar energy absorbing material is sent to a catalytic reaction device via a storage tank of the solar energy absorbing material, and the photoisomerization latent heat energy is converted into high temperature sensible heat energy in the catalytic reaction device. This high-temperature sensible heat energy is used by reheating the heat storage material or heat transfer material that has stored the low-temperature heat, by storing heat in another heat storage material, or by being thermally transferred by another heat transfer material. The solar energy absorbing material is then sent to the collector again to absorb solar energy.

As mentioned above, solar energy absorbing materials absorb solar energy as photoisomerization latent heat energy in the photoisomer materials that are their constituent components and accumulate it in the collector. A solar energy absorbing material that has accumulated photoisomerization latent heat energy can be stored in this storage tank. As mentioned above, the solar energy absorbing material that has accumulated photoisomerization latent heat energy stored in the storage tank is independent of the circulation circuit that is determined to be suitable for absorbing solar energy and exchanging sensible heat energy. A flow rate obtained by adding the flow rate of the solar energy absorbing material that has accumulated photoisomerization latent heat energy and is sent to the catalytic reaction device by being circulated through the secondary circuit by the second forced circulation means to the flow rate of the circulation circuit. It can be determined as follows, and can be changed as appropriate. As a result, the amount of energy converted from the photoisomerization latent heat energy to high-temperature sensible heat energy by the reverse reaction of the photoisomer material that has accumulated the photoisomerization latent heat energy in the catalytic reaction device can be transferred to the solar energy absorbing material of the circulation circuit. It is determined as the amount of energy added to the energy that has been converted from photoisomerization latent heat energy to high-temperature sensible heat energy according to the flow rate of , and can be changed as appropriate. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with cases where a large amount of heat exchange is required in the second heat exchanger, that is, cases where a large amount of hot water is required, or high-speed heating or reheating is required. Can be done.

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG.

In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a collector, and a first circulation circuit 2 for solar energy absorbing material including the collector 1 is provided. a heat exchanger 4, a solar energy absorbing material storage tank 5, a catalytic reaction device 7 installed in a high temperature hot water storage tank 6;
The second heat exchanger 8 and the first circulation pump 9 are inserted in sequence.

A subcircuit 10 of solar energy absorbing material is connected to the storage tank 5 from the outlet of the second heat exchanger 8, and a second circulation pump 11 is connected to the subcircuit 10.
has been inserted. The high temperature hot water storage device 6 is connected in series to the hot water outlet side of the low temperature hot water storage tank 3. In addition, 12 in the figure is a water supply port, and 13 is a tap water outlet.

The solar heat absorbing material is made by dispersing a colored substance in a photoisomer material, and the photoisomer material uses, for example, norbornadiene → quadricyclane isomerization reaction, uses cis-trans isomerization reaction, uses intramolecular Reactions that utilize the formation of bianthracene, aromatic nuclear isomerization, isomerization of 1 and 3 dienes, and (2+2) type photocycloaddition reactions, and any of these systems can be applied. Carbon particles are used as the coloring substance.

Further, the photoisomerizable material may also contain a sensitizer for photoreaction. However, since the purpose of this sensitizer is completely different from that of a coloring substance, it is necessary to distinguish between them.

Note that the following explanation will focus on norbornadiene as the photoisomerizable material.

Next, the operation will be explained.

The solar energy absorbing material absorbs solar energy into norbornadiene in the collector 1 as photoisomerization latent heat energy to photoisomerize norbornadiene into quadricyclane, and at the same time absorbs solar energy into carbon particles as sensible heat energy to absorb solar energy. Becomes an energy absorbing material. This solar energy absorbing material is forcibly circulated in the circulation circuit 2 by the first circulation pump 9, and the sensible heat is exchanged with the first heat exchanger 4 to the low-temperature hot water storage tank 3.
The water used as the heat storage material inside is low-temperature hot water. Further, the solar energy absorbing material is sent to the catalytic reaction device 7 via the storage tank 5, where the photoisomerization reverse reaction occurs on the quadricyclane and the material is returned to norbornadiene, thereby generating high-temperature sensible heat energy.
The solar energy absorbing material heated to a high temperature by this is sent to the second heat exchanger 8, where it exchanges heat with the low-temperature hot water sent from the low-temperature hot water storage tank 3 and reheats this low-temperature hot water. The hot water is heated to high temperature and stored in a high temperature hot water storage tank 6. The solar energy absorbing material is then sent to the collector 1 again to perform the function of absorbing solar energy.

As mentioned above, the solar energy absorbing material absorbs and accumulates solar energy as photoisomerization latent heat energy in the photoisomer material that is its constituent component in the collector 1. Therefore, solar energy absorbing material that has accumulated photoisomerization latent heat energy is stored in this storage tank 5. Then, as described above, by circulating the solar energy absorbing material that has accumulated the photoisomerization latent heat energy stored in the storage tank 5 into the subcircuit 10 independent of the circulation circuit 2 by the second forced circulation means. , catalytic reactor 7
The flow rate of the solar energy absorbing material that has accumulated photoisomerization latent heat energy sent to is determined as the flow rate added to the flow rate of the solar energy absorbing material in the circulation circuit 2, and is changed as appropriate. As a result, the amount of energy converted from the photoisomerization latent heat energy to high-temperature sensible heat energy due to the reverse reaction of the photoisomer material that has accumulated the photoisomerization latent heat energy in the catalytic reaction device 7 can be It is determined as the amount of energy added to the energy that has been converted from photoisomerization latent heat energy to high-temperature sensible heat energy according to the flow rate of the energy absorbing material, and is changed as appropriate. Therefore, when a large amount of heat exchange is required in the second heat exchanger 8, in other words, when the high temperature hot water storage tank 6
This can be used when hot water is used up and hot water is still needed, and rapid heating or reheating is required. Further, as an example, the high-temperature hot water storage tank 6 can have a small capacity and can be used by heating or reheating as necessary as described above.

Furthermore, when the high temperature hot water in the high temperature hot water storage tank 6 is used up, low temperature hot water is sent from the low temperature hot water storage tank 3, but the second circulation pump 11 is operated even when there is no sunlight from evening to early morning. By forcing the solar energy absorbing material containing quadricyclane to circulate, the latent heat energy of photoisomerization is converted into high-temperature sensible heat energy and extracted.
By reheating, hot water can be stored and used again in the high temperature hot water storage tank 6.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG.

This device does not include the high temperature hot water storage tank 6 provided in the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. This device can be used as an energy source for a warming device by being transported by hot water as a heat transfer medium, or can be used for heat exchange. For example, when used as a heating device, in order to adjust the amount of energy exchanged in the second heat exchanger 8 according to the heating load, a solar cell that has accumulated photoisomerization latent heat energy that is passed to the catalytic reaction device 7 is used. It can be used to adjust the flow rate of energy absorbing materials.

A third embodiment of the present invention will be described. In this embodiment, the high-temperature hot water storage tank 6 is made independent from the low-temperature hot water storage tank 3 (not shown), and the sensible heat energy of the solar energy absorbing material is heat exchanged by the first heat exchanger 4. Water as a heat storage material is stored as low-temperature hot water in a low-temperature hot water storage tank 3 and used,
The latent heat energy of photoisomerization is converted into high-temperature sensible heat energy by a reverse reaction, and this high-temperature sensible heat energy is heat-exchanged by the second heat exchanger 8 to be used in a system different from the water as the first heat storage material. Water serving as the second heat storage material can be stored as high-temperature hot water in the high-temperature hot water storage tank 6. In addition, in the above-mentioned example, water was used for both the first heat storage material and the second heat storage material.
It is also possible to use water mixed with an inhibitor, propylene glycol, oil, etc., and it is also possible to change the heat storage material depending on the temperature range of high and low temperatures and depending on the purpose of using thermal energy.

In these first and second embodiments, during the day when there is sunlight, the heat storage material is heated and stored by the above-mentioned action, and norboldiene is photoisomerized to quadricyclane, and the storage tank of the solar energy absorbing material is 5 stores a solar energy absorbing material containing quadricyclane that has accumulated photoisomerization latent heat energy.

The flow rate of the solar energy absorbing material when absorbing solar energy in the above-mentioned configuration is normally kept at a constant flow rate because the optimal value is determined by the configuration of the equipment, but in the present invention, the solar energy absorbing material storage tank 5, the first
In the embodiments of the present invention shown in FIGS.
When attempting to perform instantaneous heat exchange in the second heat exchanger 8, the amount of high-temperature sensible heat energy generated by the reverse reaction in the catalytic reaction device 7 is controlled by solar radiation. It is necessary to increase or decrease the flow rate of the circulation circuit 2 for energy absorption without changing it, and to achieve this, the capacity of the second circulation pump 11 is changed to supply solar energy absorption material to the subcircuit 10. This can be realized by providing means for changing the circulating flow rate. In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 in which the high-temperature hot water storage tank 6 is provided, means for changing the capacity of the second circulation pump 11 is also provided when a high heating speed is required due to additional reheating or the like. It is effective to have one in place.

Further, as a fourth embodiment of the present invention, the first heat transfer medium is not used in the low temperature hot water storage tank 3 and the high temperature hot water storage tank 6 shown in the first embodiment, but is carried out using a heat transfer medium such as propylene glycol or oil. It can be used to adjust the amount of heat transfer energy when the exchanger 4 and the second heat exchanger 8 exchange heat and transfer heat for use.

A fifth embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, as described above, the optimal value of the circulation flow rate of the solar energy absorbing material for absorbing solar energy is determined depending on its configuration, but the solar energy absorbing material storing the latent heat energy of photoisomerization is transferred to the catalytic reaction device 7. Photoisomerization latent heat energy can be converted into sensible heat energy even when it is not necessary to convert it into sensible heat energy for use, when you want to reduce the amount of conversion, or even when you want to accumulate and store it without converting it. Sometimes only a certain amount is converted. For this reason, this embodiment of the present invention is provided with a circuit 14 that bypasses the catalytic reaction device 7 and the second heat exchanger 8, and this bypass circuit 14
and a valve 15 and a valve 16 as flow path switching means for the series circuit of the catalytic reaction device 7 and the second heat exchanger 8.
is provided. Furthermore, this valve 15 and valve 16
Instead, a three-pronged flow path switch or flow divider may be used at the branch portions 17 and 18 of the circuit.

This bypass circuit can be used to reduce the amount of latent heat energy of photoisomerization converted to sensible heat energy, when conversion is unnecessary, or when you want to accumulate and store latent heat energy of photoisomerization without conversion. This can be achieved by bypassing the solar energy absorbing material in 14, and in the present invention, which simultaneously absorbs sensible heat energy and photoisomerization latent heat energy, transports and utilizes it, it has the effect of expanding the degree of freedom in the use of that energy. It is something that you have.

As is clear from the above points, according to the present invention, solar energy is absorbed as sensible heat energy and photoisomerization latent heat energy by a solar energy absorbing material in which a colored substance is dispersed in a photoisomer material. The subcircuit is provided in the circulation circuit that absorbs and utilizes solar energy when the latent heat of photoisomerization energy is converted into sensible heat energy by reverse reaction after heat exchange, and the subcircuit is provided. This has the effect that photoisomerization latent heat energy can be converted into sensible heat energy and used without disturbing the flow rate of the solar energy absorbing material in the circulation circuit for energy absorption.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a solar heat collector according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are circuit diagrams of solar heat collectors according to other embodiments of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Collector, 2... Circulation circuit, 3... Low temperature hot water storage tank, 4... First heat exchanger, 5... Storage tank, 6... High temperature hot water storage tank, 7... Catalytic reaction device, 8
... second heat exchanger, 9 ... first circulation pump,
10...Subcircuit, 11...Second circulation pump.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1 A solar energy absorbing material in which a colored substance is dispersed in a photoisomer material is used, and the solar energy absorbing material serves as a collector for absorbing solar energy as sensible heat energy and photoisomerization latent heat energy. , a first heat exchanger for exchanging sensible heat energy of the solar energy absorbing material; a storage tank for the solar energy absorbing material; and a first heat exchanger for converting the photoisomerization latent heat energy of the solar energy absorbing material into sensible heat energy. A catalytic reaction device and a second heat exchanger for exchanging sensible heat energy generated by the catalytic reaction device are sequentially connected via piping to form a circulation circuit, and a first forced circulation means is provided in a part of the circulation circuit. and a subcircuit having a second forced circulation means returning from the outlet side of the second heat exchanger in the circulation circuit to the storage tank of the solar energy absorbing material. 2. The circulation circuit has a bypass circuit for the series circuit of the catalytic reaction device and the second heat exchanger, and a flow path switching means or a flow rate distribution is provided for the series circuit of the catalytic reaction device and the second heat exchanger and the bypass circuit, respectively. A solar heat collecting device according to claim 1, further comprising means. 3. The solar heat collector according to claim 1, wherein the second forced circulation means has variable capacity.