NO304330B1 - FremgangsmÕte og apparat for direkte bestemmelse av blant annet et produkts egenskaper og/eller utbytte i en hydrokarbonomdannelses- eller- separeringsprosess - Google Patents
FremgangsmÕte og apparat for direkte bestemmelse av blant annet et produkts egenskaper og/eller utbytte i en hydrokarbonomdannelses- eller- separeringsprosess Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO304330B1 NO304330B1 NO883671A NO883671A NO304330B1 NO 304330 B1 NO304330 B1 NO 304330B1 NO 883671 A NO883671 A NO 883671A NO 883671 A NO883671 A NO 883671A NO 304330 B1 NO304330 B1 NO 304330B1
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- following
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- octane number
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 85
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 title claims description 22
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012314 multivariate regression analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethyllead Chemical group CC[Pb](CC)(CC)CC MRMOZBOQVYRSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004497 NIR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XOOGZRUBTYCLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyllead Chemical compound C[Pb](C)(C)C XOOGZRUBTYCLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000491 multivariate analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004886 process control Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorophacinone Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)C1C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2C1=O UDHXJZHVNHGCEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFTDTIZUABOECB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Mo] Chemical compound [Co].[Mo] AFTDTIZUABOECB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011481 absorbance measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004230 steam cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/359—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light using near infrared light
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/35—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light
- G01N21/3577—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using infrared light for analysing liquids, e.g. polluted water
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2829—Mixtures of fuels
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8711686A FR2619630B1 (fr) | 1987-08-18 | 1987-08-18 | Procede de determination en ligne et en temps reel des caracteristiques de l'alimentation et des produits obtenus lors de la distillation des petroles bruts par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge de l'alimentation |
| FR8711678A FR2619623B1 (fr) | 1987-08-18 | 1987-08-18 | Procede de quantification numerique en ligne et en temps reel de la valorisation potentielle d'une charge de reformage catalytique par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge de cette charge recue a l'alimentation du reformeur |
| FR8711680A FR2619572B1 (fr) | 1987-08-18 | 1987-08-18 | Procede de conduite automatisee d'un reformeur |
| FR8711681A FR2619625B1 (fr) | 1987-08-18 | 1987-08-18 | Procede de determination en ligne et en temps reel du degre d'insaturation olefinique de l'alimentation et des produits obtenus lors de l'hydrogenation de coupes petrolieres legeres par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge |
| FR8711683A FR2619627B1 (fr) | 1987-08-18 | 1987-08-18 | Procede de determination en ligne et en temps reel des caracteristiques de l'alimentation et des rendements en produits obtenus lors du craquage catalytique de coupes petrolieres par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge de l'alimentation |
| FR8711684A FR2619628B1 (fr) | 1987-08-18 | 1987-08-18 | Procede de determination en ligne et en temps reel des caracteristiques de l'alimentation et des produits obtenus lors du craquage catalytique de coupes petrolieres par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge de l'alimentation |
| FR8711682A FR2619626B1 (fr) | 1987-08-18 | 1987-08-18 | Procede de determination en ligne et en temps reel des caracteristiques de l'alimentation et des rendements en produits obtenus lors de l'hydrotraitement catalytique de coupes petrolieres par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge de l'alimentation |
| FR8711685A FR2619629B1 (fr) | 1987-08-18 | 1987-08-18 | Procede de determination en ligne et en temps reel des compositions de l'alimentation et des rendements de distillation obtenus lors de la distillation des petroles bruts et de leurs melanges par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge de l'alimentation |
| FR8809492A FR2634283B1 (fr) | 1988-07-12 | 1988-07-12 | Procede de determination en ligne et en temps reel des caracteristiques de l'alimentation et des rendements et qualites des produits obtenus lors du traitement thermique de produits petroliers lourds par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge de l'alimentation |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO883671D0 NO883671D0 (no) | 1988-08-17 |
| NO883671L NO883671L (no) | 1989-02-20 |
| NO304330B1 true NO304330B1 (no) | 1998-11-30 |
Family
ID=27576229
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO883671A NO304330B1 (no) | 1987-08-18 | 1988-08-17 | FremgangsmÕte og apparat for direkte bestemmelse av blant annet et produkts egenskaper og/eller utbytte i en hydrokarbonomdannelses- eller- separeringsprosess |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5452232A (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP0304232B1 (fr) |
| JP (2) | JP3070608B2 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE146880T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU603919B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA1333447C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE3855720T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2095205T3 (fr) |
| GR (1) | GR3022532T3 (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO304330B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (127)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2041801T3 (es) * | 1987-08-18 | 1993-12-01 | Bp Oil International Limited | Metodo para la determinacion directa de propiedades fisicas de productos hidrocarbonados. |
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| FR2631957B1 (fr) * | 1988-05-30 | 1990-08-31 | Bp Chimie Sa | Procede et appareillage de fabrication d'olefines et de diolefines par reaction de vapocraquage d'hydrocarbures controlee a l'aide d'un systeme comprenant un spectrophotometre infrarouge |
| US5126570A (en) * | 1988-09-27 | 1992-06-30 | The Standard Oil Company | Sensor and method for measuring alcohol concentration in an alcohol-gasoline mixture |
| US5046846A (en) * | 1989-03-22 | 1991-09-10 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Method and apparatus for spectroscopic comparison of compositions |
| US4963745A (en) * | 1989-09-01 | 1990-10-16 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Octane measuring process and device |
| US5349188A (en) * | 1990-04-09 | 1994-09-20 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Near infrared analysis of piano constituents and octane number of hydrocarbons |
| US5145785A (en) * | 1990-12-11 | 1992-09-08 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Determination of aromatics in hydrocarbons by near infrared spectroscopy and calibration therefor |
| US5448069A (en) * | 1991-04-23 | 1995-09-05 | Buhler Ag Maschinenfabrik | Infrared measurement of constituents of particulate foodstuffs |
| SE468334B (sv) * | 1991-04-23 | 1992-12-14 | Peter Perten | Saett och anordning foer infraroedanalys, speciellt avseende livsmedel |
| US5223714A (en) * | 1991-11-26 | 1993-06-29 | Ashland Oil, Inc. | Process for predicting properties of multi-component fluid blends |
| FR2685775B1 (fr) * | 1991-12-27 | 1994-03-18 | Bp France | Procede de determination des teneurs en polycycliques aromatiques a partir d'un melange d'hydrocarbures par analyse spectrophotometrique proche infrarouge des constituants du melange. |
| MY108958A (en) * | 1992-10-05 | 1996-11-30 | Shell Int Research | An apparatus for fuel quality monitoring |
| US5404015A (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1995-04-04 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Method and system for controlling and optimizing isomerization processes |
| US5426053A (en) * | 1993-09-21 | 1995-06-20 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Optimization of acid strength and total organic carbon in acid processes (C-2644) |
| US5470482A (en) * | 1993-12-27 | 1995-11-28 | Uop | Control process for simulated moving bed para-xylene separation |
| US5419185A (en) * | 1994-02-10 | 1995-05-30 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Optimization of the process to manufacture dewaxed oil |
| US5935863A (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1999-08-10 | Bp Chemicals Limited | Cracking property determination and process control |
| EP0706040A1 (fr) * | 1994-10-07 | 1996-04-10 | Bp Chemicals S.N.C. | Détermination de propriété |
| EP0706041A1 (fr) * | 1994-10-07 | 1996-04-10 | Bp Chemicals S.N.C. | Détermination de propriété de produits chimiques |
| ATE177204T1 (de) * | 1994-10-07 | 1999-03-15 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Bestimmung einer eigenschaft |
| EP0706050A1 (fr) * | 1994-10-07 | 1996-04-10 | Bp Chemicals S.N.C. | Détermination d'une caractéristique d'un lubrifiant |
| EP0706049A1 (fr) * | 1994-10-07 | 1996-04-10 | Bp Chemicals S.N.C. | Détermination des caractéristiques de craquage |
| CA2168384C (fr) * | 1995-02-08 | 2007-05-15 | Bruce Nelson Perry | Methode permettant de determiner les caracteristiques des charges utilisees dans un procede de craquage catalytique |
| US6070128A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 2000-05-30 | Eutech Engineering Solutions Limited | Method for determining properties using near infra-red (NIR) spectroscopy |
| US5699269A (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 1997-12-16 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Method for predicting chemical or physical properties of crude oils |
| US5699270A (en) * | 1995-06-23 | 1997-12-16 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Method for preparing lubrication oils (LAW232) |
| AR003845A1 (es) * | 1995-10-18 | 1998-09-09 | Shell Int Research | Un método para predecir una propiedad física de un residuo de petróleo crudo, de un petróleo combustible (fuel oil) residual o de un material bituminoso. |
| AR003846A1 (es) * | 1995-10-18 | 1998-09-09 | Shell Int Research | Una celula de transmision adecuada para el uso en un dispositivo para medir espectros infrarrojos (proximos) de un material hidrocarbonaceo, un espectrometro que la comprende, uso del mismo, metodos para predecir una propiedad fisica de dicho material con dicha celula o espectrometro, y un procedimiento para preparar una composición de betum usando dicho metodo con dicho espectometro |
| US5827952A (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 1998-10-27 | Sandia National Laboratories | Method of and apparatus for determining deposition-point temperature |
| US5661233A (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 1997-08-26 | Sandia Corporation | Acoustic-wave sensor apparatus for analyzing a petroleum-based composition and sensing solidification of constituents therein |
| JP3237692B2 (ja) * | 1996-04-24 | 2001-12-10 | 横河電機株式会社 | 近赤外分光分析計用変換器 |
| US6512156B1 (en) | 1996-10-22 | 2003-01-28 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method and apparatus for controlling severity of cracking operations by near infrared analysis in the gas phase using fiber optics |
| FR2754900B1 (fr) * | 1996-10-23 | 1998-11-27 | Elf Antar France | Procede de suivi et de surveillance d'une unite de fabrication et/ou d'un spectrometre proche infrarouge au moyen d'au moins un indicateur |
| FR2754899B1 (fr) * | 1996-10-23 | 1998-11-27 | Elf Antar France | Procede de suivi et de surveillance d'une unite de fabrication et/ou d'un spectrometre proche infrarouge au moyen d'un critere de qualite d'ensembles de spectres |
| DK173073B1 (da) | 1996-11-01 | 1999-12-20 | Foss Electric As | Fremgangsmåde og flowsystem til spektrometri og en kuvette til flowsystemet |
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| US8512550B2 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2013-08-20 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Refinery crude unit performance monitoring using advanced analytic techniques for raw material quality prediction |
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-
1988
- 1988-08-11 EP EP88307462A patent/EP0304232B1/fr not_active Revoked
- 1988-08-11 DE DE3855720T patent/DE3855720T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1988-08-11 ES ES88307462T patent/ES2095205T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-08-11 AT AT88307462T patent/ATE146880T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-08-16 AU AU20953/88A patent/AU603919B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-08-17 CA CA000575011A patent/CA1333447C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-08-17 NO NO883671A patent/NO304330B1/no unknown
- 1988-08-18 JP JP63203936A patent/JP3070608B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-12-13 US US08/357,047 patent/US5452232A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1997
- 1997-02-12 GR GR970400220T patent/GR3022532T3/el unknown
- 1997-10-08 JP JP09276313A patent/JP3110358B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GR3022532T3 (en) | 1997-05-31 |
| AU2095388A (en) | 1989-02-23 |
| AU603919B2 (en) | 1990-11-29 |
| JPH01113637A (ja) | 1989-05-02 |
| JP3110358B2 (ja) | 2000-11-20 |
| JPH10170434A (ja) | 1998-06-26 |
| ES2095205T3 (es) | 1997-02-16 |
| US5452232A (en) | 1995-09-19 |
| ATE146880T1 (de) | 1997-01-15 |
| EP0304232A2 (fr) | 1989-02-22 |
| EP0304232B1 (fr) | 1996-12-27 |
| JP3070608B2 (ja) | 2000-07-31 |
| EP0304232A3 (fr) | 1989-04-26 |
| DE3855720D1 (de) | 1997-02-06 |
| CA1333447C (fr) | 1994-12-13 |
| NO883671D0 (no) | 1988-08-17 |
| DE3855720T2 (de) | 1997-05-22 |
| NO883671L (no) | 1989-02-20 |
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