NO752185L - - Google Patents
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- NO752185L NO752185L NO752185A NO752185A NO752185L NO 752185 L NO752185 L NO 752185L NO 752185 A NO752185 A NO 752185A NO 752185 A NO752185 A NO 752185A NO 752185 L NO752185 L NO 752185L
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- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
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- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08L33/08—Homopolymers or copolymers of acrylic acid esters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y10S526/932—Thickener or dispersant for aqueous system
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Description
Vannfortykningsmiddel og emulgeringsmiddel.
Foreliggende oppfinnelse vedrører sampolymerisat av en karboksylsyremonomer og en eller flere høyere, d.v.s. med 10 - 30 karbonatomer, alkylakrylatestere som overraskende har vist seg å virke som effektive fortykningsmidler for vannholdige oppløsninger•til og med i nærvær av betydelige mengder uorganiske salter slik som natriumklorid.
Det er kjent (kfr. US patent 2.798.053) at sampolymerisater av karboksylsyremonomere slik som akrylsyre, og ca. 0,1 - 1,0 vekt-% av et polyalkenylpolyeter-kryssbindemiddel, slik som polyallylsakkarose, er gellignende polymere som er uoppløselige i vann og uorganiske oppløsningsmidler og. som, spesielt i form av sine salter, absorberer store mengder vann eller oppløsningsmiddel med derav følgende mangfoldig økning i volum. Andre monomere som ifølge nevnte patent er kombinerbare med 40 - 95 vekt-% akrylsyre og 0,2 - 2,5 vekt-% polyalkenylpolyeter, er 4 - 59 vekt-% metylakrylat og 2-etylheksylakrylat. Disse polyelektrolyttpolymere er anvendbare som fortyknings- og suspenderingsmiddel i forskjellige slamlignende og kolloidale,, gellignende anvendelsesområder, slik som tannpastaer, medisinske geler, kremer og salver, trykkpastafortykningsmiddel og lignende. Et fremdeles uløst problem er at de fleste polyelektrolyttopp-løsninger minsker sin viskositet drastisk ved tilsetning av elektrolytter slik som natriumklorid. Kjente fortykningsmidler er ionefølsomme og kan ikke effektivt opprettholde eller øke viskositetene hos vann eller oppløsninger,i uorganiske oppløs-ningsmidler som inneholder uorganiske salter, slik som natriumklorid, også når en tredje monomer slik som 2-etylheksylakrylat befinner seg i polymeren, som foreslått i nevnte patent. Denne egenskap ville være av stor verdi, f.eks. ved fortykning . av • visse latekser, boreslam for oljeboring, næringsmiddelpreparater, ioniske vaskemidler, fargestoffpastaer, kosmetiske preparater og farmasøytika. I visse tilfeller er problemet å fortykke en oppløsning som inneholder en gitt mengde salt, f.eks. i en spesiell farmasøytisk resept. I andre tilfeller kan det være ønskelig å opprettholde et konstant viskositetsnivå i en oppløs-ning, i hvilken mengden av tilstedeværende salt øker, f.eks..i et bilbatteri.
Polymere av karboksylsyremonomer og en eller flere akrylsyreestere med en lengde på den alifatiske kjede på 10 - 30 karbonatomer, har vist seg å være effektive vannfortykningsmidler, som når de er nøytraliserte med et basisk materiale, danner vannmucilago, som har meget større bestandighet mot kraf-' tig fall i viskositet når et salt, slik som natriumklorid,
enten tilsettes dertil eller allerede befinner seg i vannsys-temet, enn mucilago som er fremstilt med kjente fortykningsmidler .
Avhengig av den benyttede andel alifatiske akrylater med kritisk lang kjede, varierer polymerene betydelig i egenskaper. Variasjon av andelen akrylatmonomer tjener til å regulere vannoppløsnings-viskositeten hos sampolymerisatoppløsninger, regulere reologien eller,strømningsegenskapene' hos kombinasjoner av polymer og et oppløsningsmiddel, slik som vann, og å tilveiebringe evne til å fortykke ionholdige vannoppløsninger med en effektivitet som hittil ikke har vært mulig med kjente fortykningsmidler.
Foreliggende nye sampolymerisat kan eventuelt kryss-bindes ved inneslutning i polymersystemet av en kryssbindande monomer som utgjøres av polymeriserbare forbindelser inneholdende en polymeriserbar gruppe CH2=Cd og minst en annen polymeriserbar gruppe, hvorved de umettede bindinger i den polymeriserbare gruppe er ikke-konjugerte med hensyn til hverandre.
Når en eventuell kryssbindende monomer er tilstede, tjener den til å tilveiebringe spesiell regulering av reologien hos mucilago. Uten noe tilstedeværende kryssbindemiddel danner fortykningsmidlet som inneholder mindre enn 20-30 vekt-% akryl-ester, ofte oppløsningen som er trådlignende i konsistens, før et salt tilsettes, men som blir jevne og smørlignende i utseende etter tilsetning av et salt. En oppløsning eller mucilago av et kryssbundet.fortykningsmiddel ifølge oppfinnelsen, som omfatter et egnet innhold alkylakrylat eller -metakrylat- med lang kjede, er vanligvis smørlignende i sin begynnelsesfase og bibeholder mer konstant oppløsningsviskositet i de tilfeller når salt tilsettes til oppløsningen i økende mengder, enn kjente materialer.
Høyverdige anvendbare karboksylsyrepolymere oppnås når en slik karboksylsy-remonomer som akrylsyre, maleinsyre eller maleinsyreanhydrid og lignende sampolymeriseres med visse ande-ler akrylsyreestere med alifatiske grupper med lang kjede (10 - 30 karbonatomer) og eventuelt et kryssbindemiddel (brodanner) sem utgjøres av en polymeriserbar forbindelse inneholdende en .poly-. meriserbar gruppe C^^CZ og minst en annen polymeriserbar gruppe, hvorved gruppene er ikke —konjugerte med hensyn til hverandre.. Disse kryssbindemidler eksemplifiseres av allyl-akrylat, metallylmetakrylat, diallylmalonat, divinyleter, glykol-diakrylat (etylendiakrylat), glyceryltriakrylat og divinylbensen.
Et anvendbart kryssbindende materiale er en polyalkenylpolyeter av en flervérdig alkohol inneholdende mer enn en alkenyletergruppe pr. molekyl, hvorved den flerverdige moderalkoholen inneholder minst 4 karbonatomer og minst tre hydroksy-grupper, f.eks. polyallylsakkarose.
I vannholdige systemer der en relativt konstant viskositet skal opprettholdes, når mengden av et til systemet tilsatt uorganisk salt økes fra ca. 0,05 til ca. 330 vekt-%, er tilstedeværelsen av en kryssbindende monomer i alminnelighet fordel-aktig. Tilstedeværelsen av kryssbindende materiale i disse oppløsninger bibeholder oppløsningens tekstur. Dette er spesielt betydningsfullt ved farmasøytiske og kosmetiske anvendelser. Visse fortykkende vannholdige oppløsninger er trådaktige i sin natur, utseende og "grep".. Denne tekstur kan forandres til en mer ønsket, smørlignende eller jevn konsistens når salt tilsettes. Den jevne tekstur kan vanligvis oppnås fra begynnelsen og kan best opprettholdes ved tilsetning av salt, dersom en kryssbindende monomer er tilstede.
Kryssbindende monomére i foreliggende fortyknings-sammensetninger er ikke nødvendige eller egnede dersom det nøy-traliserte sampolymerisat skal anvendes for fortykning av et vannholdig system som fra begynnelsen av inneholder saltioner (hvorved saltet er tilstede i et innhold av 0,5 - 5 vekt-% i oppløsningen). Saltoppløsninger som forefinnes ved oljehull-boring er eksempler på denne situasjon.
Mange av de foreliggende sammensetninger er overlegne
i forhold til gummi-tragant, karayagummi og andre naturlig forekommende, mer eller mindre uoppløselige, gummilignende stoffer, som konvensjonelt anvendes som midler for tilveiebringelse av fyldighet og suspenderingsmidler.. Foreliggende høysvellende polymere er anvendbare ved fremstilling av forskjellige slimaktige eller kolloidale, gellignende materialer, slik som tannpasta, medisinske geler, kremer og salver, og trykkpasta-fortykningsmidler. De viser seg å være lovende som skumoppbygningsmidler og skumståbiliseringsmidler og som emulge-ringsmidler for sammensetninger av vann-oppløsningsmiddelkombi-nasjoner. De finner også anvendelse i lave konsentrasjoner (vektkonsentrasjoner) som behandlingsmidler for avløpsvann, kjølevann og kjelevann. I flytende vaskemiddeloppløsninger tjener sampolymerisatene som klaringsmidler eller oppløselig-gjørende midler samt som fortykningsmidler.
Ved fremstilling av foreliggende polymere anvendes en monomerblanding som inneholder to vesentlige monomerbestanddeler hver i visse mengdeforhold, og hvorved.en er en monomer, olefinisk umettet karboksylsyre og den andre er en akrylsyreester med en alifatisk gruppe med lang kjede. Eventuelt er det i monomerblandingen en kryssbindende monomer, f.eks. allylsakka-rose.
Karboksylsyremonomere som er egnet ved fremstilling av de foreliggende polymere er olefinisk umettede karboksylsyrer som inneholder minst en aktivert, olefinisk karbon-karbon-dobbeltbinding og minst en karboksygruppe, d.v.s. en syre med en olefinisk dobbeltbinding, som lett fungerer ved polymerisering på grunn av dens tilstedeværelse i monomermolekylet enten i
t i a,$-stilling med hensyn til en karboksygruppe, således -C=C-COOH, eller som en del av en metylgruppe i endestilling, nemlig CH2=CC. I a,$-s^rene har den sterkt polare karboksygruppens store nærhet til de dobbeltbundne karbonatomene en sterkt aktiverende innvirk-ning, hvilket gjør stoffene, som inneholder denne struktur,
meget lett polymeriserbare. Tilstedeværelsen av en metylengruppe i endestilling i en karboksylsyremonomer gjør denne type forbindelse meget lettere polymeriserbar enn om dobbeltbindingen
er mellomliggende i karbonstrukturen. Olefinisk umettede syrer av denne klasse omfatter slike forskjellige materialer som akrylsyrer, f.eks. akrylsyre selv, metakrylsyre, etakrylsyre, a-klorakrylsyre, a-cyanakrylsyre,. 3-metylakrylsyre (krotonsyre) , a-fenylakrylsyre, g-akryloksypropionsyre, sorbinsyre, a-klor-sorbinsyre, angelikasyre, kanelsyre, p-klorkanelsyre, g-styryl-akrylsyre (1-karboksy—4-fenylbuta-l,3-dien), itakonsyre, citra-konsyre, mesakonsyre, glutakonsyre, akonitinsyre, maleinsyre, fumarsyre og trikarboksyetylen/ Betegnelsen "karboksylsyre" omfatter her polykarboksyIsyrer og slike syreanhydrider som maleinsyreanhydrid hvor anhydridgruppen er dannet ved fjerning av et molekyl vann fra to karboksygrupper som er bundet ved samme polykarboksylsyremolekyl. Anhydrider av typer dannet ved fjerning av vann fra to eller flere molekyler av samme eller forskjellige umettede syrer, slik som akrylsyreanhydrid, omfat-tes ikke på grunn av den sterke tendensen hos deres polymere til å hydrolyseres i vann og alkali. Maleinsyreanhydrid og andre syreanhydrider som her er anvendbare, har den generelle formel:
hvor R og R' er hydrogen, halogen, cyanogen (-C=N), hydroksy, laktam- eller laktongrupper eller alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl eller cykloalkyl, f.eks. metyl, etyl, propyl, oktyl, decyl, fenyl, tolyl, xylyl, bensyl, cykloheksyl og lignende.
Egnede karboksylsyremonomere for anvendelse ifølge oppfinnelsen er monoolefiniske akrylsyrer med generell formel: .
hvor R er hydrogen, halogen, hydroksy, lakton, laktam eller
cyanogen (-C=N) , enverdige alkylgrupper, enverdige arylgrupper, enverdige aralkylgrupper, enverdige alkarylgrupper eller enverdige cykloalifatiske grupper. I denne klasse er akrylsyre selv den mest egnede på grunn av dens generelt lave pris, lett. til-gjengelighet og evne til å danne overlegne polymere. Andre spesielt egnede karboksylsyremonomere er maleinsyreanhydrid.
Egnede akrylsyreestermonomere med alifatiske grupper med lang kjede er derivater av akrylsyre, som illustreres av formelen:
hvor R er alkyl med 10 - 30 karbonatomer, fortrinnsvis 12 - 22 karbonatomer, og R' er hydrogen eller en metylgruppe. ' Typiske høyere alkylakrylsyreestere er decylakrylat, laurylakrylat, stearylakrylat, behenylakrylat og melissylakrylat og tilsvarende metakrylater. Blandinger av to eller tre eller flere akrylsyreestere med lang kjede kan med fordel polymeriseres med en av karboksylsyremonomeréne for tilveiebringelse av foreliggende verdifulle fortykningsharpikser.
Den foretrukne kryssbindende'monomer, dersom en slik anvendes, er en polyalkenylpolyeter med mer enn en alkenyletergruppe pr. molekyl. De mest anvendbare har alkenylgrupper, i hvilke en olefinisk dobbeltbinding er bundet ved en metylengruppe i endestilling, CH2 = C<.. De fremstilles ved foretring av en flerverdig alkohol med minst 4 karbonatomer og minst 3 hydroksy-grupper. Forbindelser i denne klasse kan fremstilles ved omsetning av et alkenylhalogenid, slik som allylklorid eller allylbromid, med en sterkt alkalisk, vannholdig oppløsning av en eller flere flerverdige alkoholer. Produktet fra en slik reaksjon er. vanligvis en kompleks danning av polyetere med varierende
■ antall etergrupper på hvert molekyl. Analyse av slike materialer viser derfor bare middelantallet av etergrupper pr. molekyl. Effektiviteten til det tverrbihdende polyetermiddel øker med antall potensielt polymeriserbare grupper i molekylet. Det er egnet å anvende polyetere med et middeltall av to eller flere alkenyletergrupper pr. molekyl.
I monomerblandingen bør dé to vesentlige monomermate-rialene være tilstede i visse mengdeforhold, skjønt de eksakte mengder vil variere betydelig avhengig av de ønskede egenskaper hos polymeren. Monomere to-komponentblandinger av karboksylsyremonomer og akrylsyreestermonomer med lang kjede inneholder fortrinnsvis 95-50 vekt-% karboksylsyremonomer og 5~50 vekt-% akrylsyreestermonomer.
Når det eventuelle kryssbindende middel er tilstede, anvendes polymerblandinger inneholdende ca. 0,1 - ca. 4 vekt-% kryssbindende monomer, beregnet på totalmengden av karboksylsyremonomer pluss alkylakrylatestermonomer med lang kjede, fortrinnsvis 0,2 - 1,0 vekt-%, beregnet på totalblandingen. Polymere som inneholder mindre enn 5-10 vekt-% materiale,'som er ekstraherbart med vann, fremstilles med så lite som 0,2 - 0,5 vekt-% av det kryssbindende middel. Når 0,1 - 4,0 vekt-%,. fortrinnsvis 0,2 - 1,0"vekt-% av den kryssbindende monomer anvendes, oppnås vannuoppløselige.polymere, spesielt med akrylsyrer som er ytterst vannfølsomme, spesielt i form av deres enverdige salter, og sveller meget under absorbsjon av flere hundre ganger deres egen vekt av vann når de er nøytralisert med en base. Når 0,1 - 6,0 .%, fortrinnsvis 0,2 — 2,5 % av den kryssbindende monomer sampolymeriseres med maleinsyreanhydrid, oppnås også høytsvellende polymere. I disse sampolymere bør karboksylsyremonomeren eller -monomerene ikke utgjøre mindre enn 50 % av den totale monomerblanding. Trekomponent-sampolymerisater kan fremstilles av monomerblandinger omfattende 60 - 95 % av en karboksylsyremonomer, slik som akrylsyre, 39,9 - 4 vekt-% av en akrylsyreester med lang kjede, slik som laurylakrylat, og 0,1 - 6 % kryssbindende monomer slik som polyallylsakkarose,
hvorved totalmengden i vektdeler er.lik 100.
Foretrukket for bruk som kryssbundne, i vann svellbare kunstgummier, er tripolymere som resulterer fra polymerisering av monomerblandinger inneholdende 70 - 95 vekt-% akrylsyre, 4 - 29,5 vekt-% av en annen monomer, slik som laurylakrylat eller stearylakrylat, og 0,5 - 1,0 vekt-% av et kryssbindende stoff slik som en polyallylpolyeter. Det er tydelig at dersom man i de angitte mengdeforhold anvender en maksimal mengde av to av monomerene, må en noe mindre enn maksimalmengden av den tredje monomer benyttes.
Foreliggende polymere fremstilles fortrinnsvis ved polymerisering i et inert fortynningsmiddel med en viss oppløse-liggjørende virkning på en eller flere av monomerbestanddelene, men vesentlig uten en slik virkning på den oppnådde polymer. Polymerisering i masse kan anvendes, men er ikke egnet på grunn av vanskeligheten med å opparbeide de oppnådde faste polymer-massene. Polymerisering i et-vannholdig medium som inneholder en vannoppløselig fri radikalkatalysator er egnet, hvorved produktet oppnås enten som en kornformig utfelling eller som en meget svellet gel, idet begge produktene kan anvendes direkte eller ytterligere lett findeles og tørkes. Polymerisering i en organisk væske som er et oppløsningsmiddel for monomerene, men et ikke-oppløsningsmiddel for polymeren, eller i en blanding av slike oppløsningsmidler i nærvær av en katalysator som er opp-løselig i oppløsningsmidlet, er mest egnet fordi produktet vanligvis oppnås som en meget fin, oppsmulbar og ofte fnugget utfelling som etter fjerning av oppløsningsmidlet sjelden krever maling eller annen ytterligere behandling før anvendelse.
Egnede oppløsningsmidler for den sistnevnte metode omfatter bensen, xylen, tetralin, heksan, heptan, karbontetraklorid, me-tylklorid, etylklorid, bromtriklormetan, dimetylkarbonat, dietylkarbonat, etylendiklorid og blandinger derav og andre oppløsningsmidler.
Polymerisering i det fortynnende medium utføres i nærvær av en friradikalkatalysator i en lukket beholder i en inert atmosfære og under autogent trykk eller kunstig indusert trykk eller i en åpen beholder under tilbakeløpskoking ved atmosfæretrykk. Polymeriseringstemperaturen kan variere fra 0
- 100°C i høy grad avhengig av den til polymeren ønskede molekyl-vekt. Polymerisering under tilbakeløpskoking ved 50 - 90°C ved atmosfæretrykk under anvendelse av en fri radikalkatalysator er vanligvis effektiv for tilveiebringelse av et polymerutbytte på 75 - 100 % på mindre enn 10 timer. Egnede katalysatorer er per-oksygenforbindelser slik som natrium-, kalium- og ammoniumper-sulfat, kaprylperoksyd, bensoylperoksyd, hydrogenperoksyd, pelargonylperoksyd, kumenhydroperoksyder, t-butyldiperftalat, t-butylperbensoat, natriumperacetat, natriumperkarbonat og lignende samt azodiisobutyrylnitril, i det følgende betegnet som azoisobutyronitril. Andre anvendbare katalysatorer er såkalte katalysatorer av "redox"-typen og tungmetallaktivert katalysa-torsystem. Disse katalysatorer oppnår vanligvis ikke sine maksimale egenskaper i vann, før de er overført til et partielt alkali-, ammonium- eller aminsalt. Det nøytraliserende midlet er fortrinnsvis et enverdig alkali slik som natrium-, kalium-, litium- eller ammoniumhydroksyd eller karbonat og bikarbonat derav eller blandinger av dem og også aminbaser med ikke mer enn en primær eller sekundær aminogruppe. Flerverdige baser slik som kalsiumhydroksyd, har vanligvis en avsvellende virkning på
vannsvellede polymere og deres salter, skjønt deres absolutte svelling til tross for tilstedeværelsen av disse flerverdige metallioner er høyere enn svellingen hos naturlig forekommende, gummilignende materialer slik som tragantgummi og lignende, i nærvær av samme avsvellende midler.
Sampolymerisater vurderes som fortykningsmidler eller viskositetsforbedrende midler ved blanding av sampolymerisatet med en base (vanligvis trietylamin). Det nøytraliserte sampolymerisat oppløses i vann. Oppløsningsviskositetene måles deretter med et Brookfield-viskosimeter av modell RVT. Innvirk-ningen av salter slik som natriumklorid, .på viskositetene til disse oppløsninger iakttas ved måling av viskositeten ved tilsetning av økende mengder salt til oppløsningene.
Oppfinnelsen beskrives nærmere i følgende eksempler som angår fremstilling av flere typer av polymere under anvendelse av forskjellige mengder monomere, polymerisasjonsmedier, temperatur, osv., og virkningen av disse polymere på viskositetene til vannholdige oppløsninger.
Eksempel 1
En rekke polymeriseringer av akrylsyre og stearylakrylat ble utført satsvis i bensen ved 65°C under anvendelse av kaprylylperoksyd som initiator. Reaksjonene ble gjennomført i 3^0 ml lukkede glassflasker under tørr nitrogengass. Polymerene, som var uoppløselige i bensen, ble separert ved sentri-fugering og tørket i en vakuumovn ved 55°C.
Stearylakrylatinnholdet (vekt-%) i sampolymerisatene og utseendet til oppløsninger av 0,5 g sampolymerisat, 1 ml trietylamin og 100 ml destillert vann, var følgende:
Verdiene viser at viskositeten til sampolymerisat-oppløsningen øker gjennom et maksimum når stearylakrylatinnholdet i sampolymerisatet øker. Oppløsningenes reaksjon med hensyn til viskositetstap eller -økning når salt tilsettes, avhenger av det benyttede sampolymerisatets stearylakrylatinnhold. Kjente vannfortykningsmidler benyttet som kontrollprøver oppviser fra begynnelsen av større viskositet i oppløsning, men denne viskositet faller drastisk når saltporsjoner tilsettes.
En kontrolloppløsning med bare 0,2 deler salt tilstede oppviser en helt utilfredsstillende viskositet på 2950 cP, mens foreliggende sampolymerisat bibeholder viskositeter opp til 1^500 cP med samme saltinnhold tilstede. Noen av oppløsningene som er trådaktige i sin' natur før tilsetningen av salt, blir mer gellignende eller smørlignende når økende mengder salt tilsettes. Denne forandring viser at salt kan anvendes sammen med foreliggende polymer, ikke bare for å regulere oppløsningens viskositet som sådan, men også for å regulere det vannholdige systems konsistens.
Eksempel 2
Under anvendelse av fremgangsmåten i eksempel 1 ble det fremstilt en rekke sampolymerisater av akrylsyre og stearylmetakrylat og.de i tabell 2 angitte resultater ble oppnådd.
Verdiene viser at oppløsningsviskositeten øker til et maksimum og deretter minsker når vektprosent innholdet av stearylmetakrylat øker. Motstanden mot viskositetsfall' når mengden av salt øker, øker også til et maksimum og synker deretter når vekt-%-innholdet av stearylmetakrylat øker. Optimalt vekt-%-innhold stearylmetakrylat bestemmes av konsentrasjonen til saltoppløsningene som skal fortykkes.
Kontrolloppløsningene har igjen falt til utilfredsstillende viskositetsnivåer (under ca. 3000. cP), når 0,2 deler
salt tilsettes. Lignende oppløsninger ifølge oppfinnelsen viser
■viskositeter opp til 17.900 cP.
De nøytraliserte akrylsyre-stearylmetakrylatsampoly-merisater danner, meget viskøse oppløsninger også når de er tilstede i .lav vektkonsentrasjon.
Det er uventet å finne oppløsninger av denne type som
øker i viskositet når natriumklorid tilsettes.
Lignende resultat er•ble oppnådd når en rekke sampolymerisater og forsøksoppløsninger ble fremstilt som. i eksempel 1, med unntagelse av at laurylakrylat ble benyttet i stedet for stearylakrylat.
Eksempel 3
Under- anvendelse av fremgangsmåten i eksempel 1 ble det fremstilt to serier terpolymere av akrylsyre, stearylmetakrylat og polyallylsakkarose og man oppnådde resultatene som an-gitt i tabell 3. Forsøksoppløsningene besto av 1 g polymer,
2 ml trietylamin og 100 ml vann. Den første serie terpolymer
inneholdt 0,5 vekt-% kryssbindemiddel. Den andre serien inneholdt 1,0 vekt-% kryssbindemiddel.
Kryssbundne terpolymere viser høyere oppløsnings-viskositeter ved saltinnhold enn slike oppløsninger som inneholder kontrollfortykningsmidler av kryssbundet karboksylsyre. Terpolymere inneholdende 1 % kryssbindemiddel gir oppløsninger med høyere viskositeter enn ekvivalente oppløsninger inneholdende bare 0,5 % kryssbindemiddel i fortykningsmidlet. Oppløsninger oppviser høyere viskositeter når vekt-prosentinnholdet av alkylakrylatester øker.
Reaksjonen til fremstilt oppløsning eller mucilago med hensyn til viskositetsøkning eller -tapet når salt tilsettes i økende mengder, avhenger av innholdet av langkjedet akrylat-éster i terpolymere og også på terpolymerens innhold av kryssbindemiddel.
Eksempel 4
Fremgangsmåten i eksempel 1 ble fulgt ved utførelse, av en rekke polymeriseringer ved hvilke 95 mol-% akrylsyre ble sampolymerisert med 5 mol-% av et antall langkjedede alkylakrylatestere i hvilke alkylesterens kjedelengde var 8 karbonatomer (eksempel på teknikkens stand) opp' til 18 karbonatomer. Oppløs-ninger av 1 g sampolymerisat, 2 ml trietylamin og 100 ml destillert vann oppviste viskositeter ifølge tabell 4.
Økende lengde av alkylesterkjeden leder til økende viskositeter. Et uventet skarpt brytningspunkt i viskositets-økningen inntrer mellom kjedene med 8 og 10 karbonatomer.
Claims (7)
1. Sampolymerisat av en monomerblanding, karakterisert ved at det omfatter 95 - 50 vekt-% av en
karboksylsyremonomer og 5 - 50 vekt-% av en akrylestermonomér med formelen:
hvor R er alkyl med 10 - 30 karbonatomer og R' er.hydrogen eller metyl.
2. Sampolymerisat ifølge krav 1, karakterisert ved at karboksylsyremonomeren utgjøres av akrylsyre, metakrylsyre, maleinsyreanhydrid eller maleinsyre.
3. Tripolymer av en monomerblanding, karakterisert ved at den omfatter 60-95 vekt-% av en karboksylsyremonomer, 4 - 39,9 vekt-% av en akrylsyreestermonomer med formelen:
hvor R er alkyl med 10 - 30 karbonatomer og R' er hydrogen eller metyl, og 0,1 - 6,0 vekt-% av en polymeriserbar, kryssbindende monomer inneholdende en gruppe CH2 =Cc^ og minst en annen polymeriserbar gruppe, hvorved de umettede bindinger i de polymeriserbare grupper er ikke-konjugerte med hensyn til hverandre.
4. Tripolymer ifølge krav 3, karakterisert ved at den kryssbindende monomer er en polyalkenylpolyeter av en flerverdig alkohol inneholdende mer enn en alkenyletergruppe-ring pr. molekyl, hvorved den flerverdige moderalkoholen inneholder minst 4 karbonatomer og minst tre hydroksygr.upper.
5. Tripolymer av en monomerblanding, karakterisert ved at den omfatter, akrylsyre, minst en av for-, bindelsene laurylakrylat, stearylakrylat og stearylmetakrylat og ca. 0,5 - 1,0 vekt-% av monomerene av en kryssbindende monomer inneholdende gruppen CH2 = C\.og minst en annen polymeriserbar gruppe, hvorved de umettede bindingene i de polymeriserbare grupper er ikke-konjugerte med hensyn til hverandre.
6. Tripolymer ifølge krav 5, karakterisert ved at den kryssbindende monomer er en monomer polyeter av et oligosakkarid, i hvilket hydroksylgruppene, som er modifiserte, er foretrede med allylgrupper, hvorved polyeterne inneholder minst to allylgrupper pr. oligosakkaridmolekyl.
7. Sampolymerisat, karakterisert ved" at det er avledet av■en monomer, monoolefinisk akrylsyre med formelen:
hvor R er en substituent som utgjøres av hydrogen, brom, klor, hydroksy eller cyanogen (-C=N) eller enverdig alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl eller en cykloalifatisk hydrokarbongruppe, og ca.5,0 - ca. 50 vekt-%, beregnet på totalmengden monomer, av en monomer akrylsyreester med formelen:
hvor R er alkyl med 10 - 30 karbonatomer og R' er hydrogen eller metyl.
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| US485125A US3915921A (en) | 1974-07-02 | 1974-07-02 | Unsaturated carboxylic acid-long chain alkyl ester copolymers and tri-polymers water thickening agents and emulsifiers |
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| NO752185L true NO752185L (no) | 1976-01-05 |
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| FR3143350A1 (fr) | 2022-12-16 | 2024-06-21 | L'oreal | Composition cosmétique comprenant de la piroctone olamine, au moins 1% de niacinamide et un extrait de racine de gingembre |
| FR3143354B1 (fr) | 2022-12-16 | 2026-06-12 | Oreal | Composition cosmétique comprenant de la niacinamide, un extrait de racine de gingembre, un polymère acrylique carboxylique, un actif antichute et/ou un actif antipelliculaire |
| FR3143993B1 (fr) | 2022-12-21 | 2026-08-14 | Loreal | Utilisation d’une composition de coloration des cheveux comprenant un composé (poly)carbodiimide, un composé ayant au moins une fonction carboxylique et un agent colorant pour augmenter le volume des cheveux |
| FR3143981B1 (fr) | 2022-12-21 | 2025-01-03 | Oreal | Procédé de coloration des cheveux comprenant l’application d’un traitement avec un alcool et d’une composition comprenant un composé (poly)carbodiimide spécifique et un agent colorant |
| FR3143986B1 (fr) | 2022-12-21 | 2025-01-03 | Oreal | Procédé de coloration des cheveux comprenant l’application d’un composé (poly)carbodiimide et d’un agent colorant, l’application de vapeur d’eau et la mise en forme à une température particulière |
| FR3143988A1 (fr) | 2022-12-21 | 2024-06-28 | L'oreal | Procédé de coloration des cheveux comprenant l’application d’une composition comprenant un composé (poly)carbodiimide, l’application de chaleur, et l’application d’une composition comprenant un composé (poly)carbodiimide |
| FR3143983B1 (fr) | 2022-12-21 | 2026-08-14 | Loreal | Procédé de coloration des cheveux comprenant l’application d’une composition T particulière et l’application d’un composé (poly)carbodiimide et d’un agent colorant |
| FR3143989A1 (fr) | 2022-12-21 | 2024-06-28 | L'oreal | Procédé de coloration des cheveux comprenant l’application d’un traitement au plasma froid et d’une composition comprenant un composé (poly)carbodiimide et un agent colorant |
| US20240209226A1 (en) | 2022-12-23 | 2024-06-27 | Dupont Electronics, Inc. | Aqueous inkjet compositions including polymeric thickener |
| FR3144513A1 (fr) | 2022-12-29 | 2024-07-05 | L'oreal | Composition comprenant au moins l’acide N,N-dicarboxyméthyl glutamique, au moins un colorant direct, et au moins un polymère associatif |
| FR3144756B1 (fr) | 2023-01-09 | 2026-01-02 | Oreal | Composition de soin du cuir chevelu comprenant un agent actif solide lipophile, un monoalcool et un épaississant hydrophile |
| FR3145688B1 (fr) | 2023-02-15 | 2026-06-26 | Oreal | Composition comprenant une émulsion de silicone particulière, un polymère vinylique amphotère ou cationique, des tensioactifs et un copolymère acrylique |
| CN120569183A (zh) | 2023-02-27 | 2025-08-29 | 莱雅公司 | 用于染色角蛋白纤维的着色剂组合物及包含其的染色套装 |
| FR3147099B1 (fr) | 2023-03-27 | 2026-03-27 | Oreal | Composition à deux phases |
| FR3147098B1 (fr) | 2023-03-28 | 2026-07-31 | Oreal | Composition à deux phases |
| FR3151975B1 (fr) | 2023-08-09 | 2025-08-01 | Oreal | Poudre compacte avec une phase pulvérulente, un gélifiant hydrophile, un gel d’élastomère d’organopolysiloxane, un tensioactif non-ionique de HLB ≤ 8,0, un lysophospholipide et une huile non volatile |
| CN121487712A (zh) | 2023-08-30 | 2026-02-06 | 莱雅公司 | 用于染色角蛋白纤维的着色剂组合物和包括它的套盒 |
| WO2025043537A1 (en) | 2023-08-30 | 2025-03-06 | L'oreal | Kit for dyeing keratin fibers |
| FR3154324B3 (fr) | 2023-10-18 | 2025-11-07 | Oreal | Composition stable non collante avec propriété de transformation de texture |
| WO2025095141A1 (en) | 2023-10-31 | 2025-05-08 | L'oreal | Cosmetic method for applying sunscreen composition |
| FR3158435B3 (fr) | 2024-01-22 | 2026-02-13 | Oreal | Composition de type e/h comprenant de la résine d’indène |
| CN122206401A (zh) | 2023-12-15 | 2026-06-12 | 莱雅公司 | 包含茚树脂的w/o型组合物 |
| CN122373989A (zh) | 2023-12-15 | 2026-07-10 | 莱雅公司 | 包含极性和非极性蜡的w/o型组合物 |
| FR3158434B3 (fr) | 2024-01-22 | 2026-02-13 | Oreal | Composition de type e/h comprenant des cires polaires et non polaires |
| KR20260104146A (ko) | 2023-12-15 | 2026-07-03 | 로레알 | W/o형 화장용 조성물을 제조하는 방법 |
| FR3158436B3 (fr) | 2024-01-22 | 2026-02-13 | Oreal | Procédé de préparation de composition cosmétique de type e/h |
| FR3157143A1 (fr) | 2023-12-20 | 2025-06-27 | L'oreal | Agent de décoloration et coloration simultanées des fibres kératiniques et procédé mettant en œuvre cet agent |
| FR3157124B1 (fr) | 2023-12-20 | 2026-06-26 | Oreal | Composition comprenant un sel peroxygéné, un hydrocarbure de point de fusion supérieur à 25°C, un corps gras et un colorant direct |
| FR3157153B1 (fr) | 2023-12-20 | 2026-06-26 | Oreal | Composition comprenant un (bi)carbonate, un silicate et un corps gras dans une teneur particulière |
| FR3157123B1 (fr) | 2023-12-20 | 2026-06-26 | Oreal | Procédé d’éclaircissement des fibres kératiniques mettant en œuvre un sel peroxygéné, un osmolyte et un acide polycarboxylique hydroxylé. |
| FR3157140A1 (fr) | 2023-12-20 | 2025-06-27 | L'oreal | Composition d’éclaircissement des fibres kératiniques et procédé d’éclaircissement des fibres kératiniques mettant en œuvre cette composition |
| FR3159331B3 (fr) | 2024-02-16 | 2026-03-13 | Oreal | Composition de soin solaire stable |
| WO2025146825A1 (en) | 2024-01-05 | 2025-07-10 | L'oreal | Stable sun care composition |
| FR3160568A1 (fr) | 2024-03-28 | 2025-10-03 | L'oreal | Composition cosmétique comprenant un glycolipide et une hydroxyacétophénone, selon des teneurs spécifiques, avec un rapport pondéral particulier entre le glycolipide et l’hydroxyacétophénone |
| FR3160566A1 (fr) | 2024-03-28 | 2025-10-03 | L'oreal | Composition cosmétique comprenant un glycolipide, une hydroxyacétophénone, un tensioactif anionique, un tensioactif amphotère spécifique, un polymère associatif, et un polysaccharide non associatif cationique |
| FR3160562A1 (fr) | 2024-03-28 | 2025-10-03 | L'oreal | Composition cosmétique comprenant un glycolipide, une hydroxyacétophénone, un tensioactif anionique, un tensioactif amphotère spécifique et un polymère associatif, avec un rapport pondéral particulier entre le glycolipide et l’hydroxyacétophénone |
| FR3160567A1 (fr) | 2024-03-28 | 2025-10-03 | L'oreal | Composition cosmétique comprenant un glycolipide, une hydroxyacétophénone, un tensioactif anionique, un polysaccharide cationique, un polysaccharide non-ionique et un polymère associatif |
| FR3160564A1 (fr) | 2024-03-28 | 2025-10-03 | L'oreal | Composition cosmétique comprenant un glycolipide, une hydroxyacétophénone et un tensioactif anionique particulier |
| WO2025215376A1 (en) | 2024-04-12 | 2025-10-16 | Convatec Limited | Debridement composition |
| FR3162004B3 (fr) | 2024-05-10 | 2026-06-12 | Oreal | Composition convenant au traitement du cuir chevelu/des cheveux |
| WO2026043945A1 (en) | 2024-08-22 | 2026-02-26 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Ceramic coated separator and adhesive |
| WO2026116500A1 (en) | 2024-11-29 | 2026-06-04 | L'oreal | A primer composition for ink application on keratin materials |
| WO2026121342A1 (en) | 2024-12-05 | 2026-06-11 | L'oreal | Stable composition with excellent texture |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2533376A (en) * | 1946-06-14 | 1950-12-12 | Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co | Copolymerization of maleic anhydride and allyl esters of long chain monocarboxylic acids |
| US2798053A (en) * | 1952-09-03 | 1957-07-02 | Goodrich Co B F | Carboxylic polymers |
| US2965617A (en) * | 1955-12-29 | 1960-12-20 | Shawinigan Resins Corp | Interpolymers of vinyl esters with long chain alkyl esters of maleic acid |
| BE636723A (no) * | 1962-08-30 | |||
| BE637124A (no) * | 1962-09-07 | |||
| US3427382A (en) * | 1965-06-07 | 1969-02-11 | Procter & Gamble | Gel hairdressing composition |
| US3697618A (en) * | 1967-03-16 | 1972-10-10 | Nat Starch Chem Corp | Pressure-sensitive adhesive |
| DE1770371A1 (de) * | 1968-05-10 | 1971-10-21 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mischpolymerisaten aethylenisch ungesaettigter Carbonsaeuren |
| US3677991A (en) * | 1968-08-14 | 1972-07-18 | Dow Chemical Co | Anionic acrylate latexes that possess sensitivity to alkalinity |
| US3551391A (en) * | 1968-12-09 | 1970-12-29 | Johnson & Johnson | Modified acrylate adhesive product |
| US3788995A (en) * | 1971-06-03 | 1974-01-29 | Eastman Kodak Co | Liquid electrographic developers |
-
1974
- 1974-07-02 CH CH657475A patent/CH606154A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-07-02 US US485125A patent/US3915921A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1975
- 1975-04-14 CA CA224,546A patent/CA1037643A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-04-18 ZA ZA00752489A patent/ZA752489B/xx unknown
- 1975-04-28 ES ES437098A patent/ES437098A1/es not_active Expired
- 1975-05-23 NL NLAANVRAGE7506067,A patent/NL180675C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-05-23 GB GB22450/75A patent/GB1514494A/en not_active Expired
- 1975-05-28 FR FR7516724A patent/FR2277109A1/fr active Granted
- 1975-05-30 JP JP50064442A patent/JPS6012361B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1975-06-19 NO NO752185A patent/NO752185L/no unknown
- 1975-06-25 DE DE19752528202 patent/DE2528202A1/de active Granted
- 1975-06-26 BE BE157703A patent/BE830668A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1975-06-27 SE SE7507402A patent/SE413773B/xx unknown
- 1975-07-01 BR BR5298/75A patent/BR7504140A/pt unknown
- 1975-07-01 DK DK298375A patent/DK298375A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1975-07-01 IT IT68695/75A patent/IT1036409B/it active
- 1975-07-02 AT AT509275A patent/AT342007B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1036409B (it) | 1979-10-30 |
| NL180675B (nl) | 1986-11-03 |
| NL180675C (nl) | 1987-04-01 |
| BE830668A (fr) | 1975-10-16 |
| GB1514494A (en) | 1978-06-14 |
| AU8022775A (en) | 1976-10-21 |
| DE2528202A1 (de) | 1976-01-22 |
| AT342007B (de) | 1978-03-10 |
| JPS516190A (no) | 1976-01-19 |
| CA1037643A (en) | 1978-08-29 |
| NL7506067A (nl) | 1976-01-06 |
| FR2277109B1 (no) | 1980-05-30 |
| SE413773B (sv) | 1980-06-23 |
| ATA509275A (de) | 1977-07-15 |
| FR2277109A1 (fr) | 1976-01-30 |
| CH606154A5 (no) | 1978-11-15 |
| ZA752489B (en) | 1976-03-31 |
| BR7504140A (pt) | 1976-06-29 |
| ES437098A1 (es) | 1977-01-16 |
| US3915921A (en) | 1975-10-28 |
| DE2528202C2 (no) | 1989-09-14 |
| DK298375A (da) | 1976-01-03 |
| SE7507402L (sv) | 1976-01-05 |
| JPS6012361B2 (ja) | 1985-04-01 |
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