OA10230A - Method of constructing lightweight buildings using split bricks without formwork or clamps - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a new method for the construction of hard-light buildings using split bricks intended to serve as "lost formwork", replacing the conventional method, where the lintels and / or chaining, the posts and / or stiffeners, are built using formwork and clamps (method that is expensive) .By formwork, we hear elements that are offered and that can be reused.

In a document entitled CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS "Some Simplified Approaches" written by SOLOMON ATIASE RESO / WCA, Abidjan February 1992, new construction methods were described using two bricks (Figures 1 and 5). Thus, in Niger, the National Public Works Laboratory (LNTP) used these two particular bricks to build a wall 15 cm thick and about 1.50 m high, unfortunately this method is strained at the stadium. experimental, on the one hand and on the other hand, we have noticed that there are difficulties in the implementation:

These difficulties are at two levels: 1) The need to pass the reinforcement through the hole of labrique (figurel) that makes tedious its establishment and is disadvantage compared to traditional bricks. 2) The brick (Figure 5) can not be bricked at the level of the posts and / or stiffeners. Nor can it constitute "lost formwork" to receive the reinforcement and the concrete of the lintels and / or chaining at the singular points (posts and / or aids). The invention overcomes these disadvantages. In particular, it concerns a new process for constructing light-weight buildings using forked blanks intended to serve as "lost formwork". These new forked, rigid, non-deformable, lightweight, are economical and easy to produce, store, mount and implement for the realization of vertical and / or horizontal masonry elementsdevant used as "lost formwork". These "lost forms" give excellent results in terms of concrete quality. Indeed, these "caissesperdus" reduce the exposure of concrete to adverse climatic effects thus improving the hardening process, which in turn improves the quality of the concrete. All of these split bricks intended to serve as "lost formwork" consist essentially of: 2 010230 A / From the existing parent brick comprising a hollow portion and a trurectangular, derive three other similar bricks each having a single or a double lateral recess of the perforated part in relation to the hollow part. They intervene in the case where the dimension of the post and / or stiffener in the structure of the masonry is greater than the thickness of the roof.

From each of these four bricks (the existing brick and its three derivatives), we obtain three kinds of split bricks having one or two teeth: a) The first three are obtained from the existing brick having a hollow part and a rectangular hole are of the type: - the first forked brick has two parallel teeth and one hollow part. It briefly describes a capital A; i5 - the other two forked bricks each have a dentorientée on the right and / or left and parallel to the hollow part, one of which has a tooth oriented to the right and parallel to the hollow part, summarily describing a Russian capital B and the the other has a left-hand side, parallel to the hollow part, roughly describing an uppercase Russian capital B;

They are obtained by special mold or by cutting the briquemère. b) The other three kinds of split bricks having one or two teeth that can be obtained from three bricks derived from the existing brick having a hole and a hollow portion. They are similar to those described above. However, the forked portion may have a single or double lateral recess with respect to the hollow portion. They are used in the case where the dimensions of the columns and / or aids have a single or double lateral recess in relation to the thickness of the masonry.

The implementation of all these forked bricks is done the same way. The masonry of the "lost formwork" of the poles and / or aids must respect the rules of the art: in particular, avoid the superposition of two vertical joints. B / The other three are derived from the existing brick which has the shape of a U or a rectangular channel: The first fork has two parallel teeth so as to support the reinforcement of the posts and / or flooded stiffeners. in lamaçonnerie. the other two split bricks with a tooth, derive from the first to two teeth, so as to obtain a U-shaped brick with a right tooth and / or a left tooth.

These three forked bricks are obtained by cutting only the U-shaped mother block. A part of the base of the U is cut out, so as to obtain a forked brick with two teeth; each time we cut one of the teeth, we obtain two bricks with one tooth on the right and / or on the left.

The figurel is a perspective view of the existing brick comprising a hollow portion and a rectangular hole.

Figures 16,17,18 show in perspective three bricks1? derived from the brick Figure 1, each having a single or double lateral recess of the rectangular perforated portion relative to the hollow portion.

FIGS. 2, 4, 4 are a perspective view of the bricks (3) (one or two teeth) obtained from the existing brick 2o comprising a rectangular hole (1) and a hollow portion (2) FIG.

From each of the bricks (Figures 16,17,18) one can obtain a series of three split bricks with one or two similar teeth auxbric split (Figures 2,3,4). However, the forked part can present a single or double lateral recess with respect to the 2? hollow part. These recesses are there for the needs of architecture and structure.

Figure 5 shows a perspective view, the existing brick which has the shape of a U or a rectangular channel.

FIGS. 6, 7, 8 are a perspective view of the split bricks (3) (one or two teeth) derived from the existing brick in the shape of a U or a rectangular channel (FIG. 5).

These forks and these recesses are the characterizing parts of these bricks.

For their implementation, it is sufficient to ride on the reinforcement of the 35 poles and / or stiffeners. For example, the method of constructing light-weight buildings using split bricks without formwork or clamps, of the type comprising vertical masonry elements, having a rectangular sheath and horizontal masonry elements in the form of a rectangular channel intended to serve as "formwork lost" rigid, robust, and dimensionally stable preventing any loss of material (fresh concrete before curing) characterized:. in that the first type of split bricks, is intended to realize the lamaçonnerie vertical elements "formwork lost" to contain the reinforcement and concrete posts and / or stiffeners. . in that the first type of brick straddles the reinforcement of the posts and / or stiffeners, so as to ensure the continuity of the apparatus, instead of setting them to reinforcement for their implementation as is the case of the existing brick . . in that the second type of split bricks is intended to complete the masonry of the horizontal "lost formwork" elements ns to receive reinforcement and concrete at the intersection points of the posts and / or stiffeners and chaining and / or lintels. . in that the second type of brick straddles the reinforcement beams and / or stiffeners, while ensuring the continuity of the masonry of horizontal elements to receive the reinforcement and concrete of the 2o lintels and / or chaining at the singular points (posts and / or ouraidisseurs).

The implementation of these split bricks to achieve "lost formwork" is thus easy and economical, thus avoiding the use of formwork (wood or metal) and ancillary work, hence a high speed of execution .

Advantageously in practice: the forked bricks intended to serve as "lost formwork" of the columns and / or stiffeners directly load the reinforcements of primer and / or riffle, instead of embedding them as is the case of the existing brick from which they derive. At the level of the foundations, these forked bricks are laid so that the hollow part is filled with mortar. After the execution of the foundations, they are next to the conventional method.

The reinforcement is thus formed into the vertical masonry elements comprising a rectangular sheath. The concrete is then poured after each row of masonry bricks. This masonry of split bricks is executed as and when masonry basements and / or elevations. The tightening of the concrete around the reinforcements is obtained by stirring it with the aid of a iron until there is no cavity left in the element to be built.

- The split bricks derived from the existing brick having the shape of a U 5 struts the reinforcement of the posts and / or stiffeners so as to ensure the continuity of the masonry carried out essentially with the help of bricks mothers. This masonry having the shape of a rectangle canal, will receive the reinforcement and the concrete of lintels and / or chaining. It will thus serve as "lost formwork". The concrete is poured between the walls of the rectangular channel, its tightening around the reinforcements is made by small shocks using an iron stirring as it is described for the posts and / or stiffeners.

This new process virtually eliminates conventional forms. This "formwork lost", robust and indeformable, prevents any5 loss of materials (fresh concrete before hardening). It keeps its shape, presents a masonry quite regular, thus offering the possibility of not applying coatings.

The manner in which these new bricks can be built to serve as "lost formwork" and the advantages that derive therefrom will emerge more clearly from the following exemplary embodiments, given by way of nonlimiting indication, in support of the appended figures.

Figure 9 shows a plan view of a construction detail lost formwork of a post and / or stiffener using split bricks (Figure 2) containing the reinforced concrete (4) embedded in the masonry. Figure 10 shows plan views of a lost formwork construction detail of a post and / or intersection stiffener using the forked blanks (Figure 3, 4) containing reinforced concrete.

FIG. 11 shows plan views of two details of "lost formwork" construction of posts and / or corner stiffeners (right and left 3o) using split bricks (FIGS. 3, 4) containing reinforced concrete (4). .

FIG. 12 shows the plan view of a construction detail of "lost formwork" using the bricks FIG. 5 and the forked brick FIG. 6 to contain the reinforced concrete (4) of the lintels and / or chainstays at the level of a post and / or stiffener embedded in the masonry.

FIG. 13 represents the plan view of a construction detail of "lost formwork" using the bricks FIG. 5 and the forked brick FIG. 6 010230 7 to contain the reinforced concrete (4) of the lintels and / or chainings at the level of a post and / or intersection stiffener.

FIG. 14 represents the plan view of a construction detail of "lost formwork" using the bricks FIG. 5 and the forked bricks FIG. 7, FIG. 8, to contain the reinforced concrete (4) of the lintels and / or chainings at the level of a post and / or corner stiffener.

FIG. 15 is a perspective view, briefly characterizing the method of execution of formwork lost using split-bricks and type 5 bricks, poles and / or stiffeners (8) and lintels and / or chaining (7).

Referring to the figures, the method of building lightweight buildings using split bricks without formwork or clamps, consisting essentially of: - vertical elements comprising a rectangular sheath (8); they are constructed using split bricks (Figures 2,3,4) containing reinforced concrete (Figures 9,10,11); horizontal masonry elements in the form of a rectangular channel (7); they are built using forked bricks (Figures 2o 5,6,7, 8) to contain the reinforcement and concrete lintels and / or chaining.

This construction method can be advantageously used to: a) reduce the use of wood in the construction; So long struggle against desertification given the extreme gravity of this problem, every effort in the sense of limiting the cutting of trees will be welcome, especially since the wood used for the construction of buildings having certain characteristics is tree felling, which is most often in forests. b) revive employment, particularly affected in the construction sector by the use of this new construction process, requiring few tools but a large workforce; this is a deliberate choice because the mere fact of having a new economical construction process could be regulated by means of prefabrication for example that of the production of split bricks 55 intended to serve as lost formwork. 7 010230 c) Limit imports of construction materials and materials such as wooden formwork, clamps, nails, etc.

The construction of light-weight buildings without formwork or clamps according to the invention has many advantages over the hard-surfaced constructions proposed to date. The following can be mentioned: - removal of all formwork (wood or metal) and ancillary works. - a high speed of execution. - mold making is within the reach of local artisans ίο - new bricks can also be made the same way as traditional cement agglos. - The external view of the building has a masonry quite regular thus offering the possibility of not applying coatings. adhesion to the cement mortar is uniform on all facades, thus reducing the cracks commonly found on the junction of masonry and reinforced concrete. - Lost forms made using split bricks reduce the exposure of cast concrete to adverse weather effects, thereby improving the hardening process which in turn improves the quality of concrete. - Rigidity is necessary at the level of chaining to allow the uniform distribution of the weight of the masonry and the connection of the outer walls with the lintels so that they do not bend under the weight of the roof. The normal reinforcement (French code) of these connections and 25 lintels is 0.9% of the concrete surface over the width of the section of the steel for soft steels (minimum of 3.0 cm2) and 0.5% for high adhesion steels (minimum 1.6 cm2)

Claims (3)

010230 CLAIMS 1) - Method for constructing light-weight buildings using bricks without formwork or clamps, of the type comprising vertical masonry elements having a rectangular sheath, and horizontal masonry elements in the form of a rectangular channel intended to serve as "rigid formwork" rigid, robust, and deformable preventing any loss of material (fresh concrete before hardening), characterized:. in that the first type of split bricks (figures 2,3,4 and those derived from the bricks 16,17,18) is intended to produce the masonry of the vertical elements "lost forms" to contain the reinforcement (10) and the concrete (13) posts and / or stiffeners (Figures 9,10,11). . in that the first type of bricks straddles the reinforcement beams and / or stiffeners, so as to ensure the continuity of the apparatus, instead of setting them to the reinforcement for their implementation as is the case of the existing brick (figure 1). . in that the second type of forked bricks (Figure 6, 7, 8) is intended to complement the masonry of the horizontal elements "formagesperdus" to receive the reinforcement (10) and the concrete (13) at the intersection points 2o of the columns and / or stiffeners and chaining and / or lintels (11) (Figures 12,13,14). . in that the second type of brick straddles the reinforcement beams and / or stiffeners (FIGS. 12, 13, 14, 15), while ensuring the continuity of the masonry of the horizontal elements to receive the reinforcement and the concrete of the lintels and / or chaining at points (poles and / or stiffeners). 2) - Construction method according to claim 1, characterized:. in that the hollow portions (2) of the split bricks are filled with mortar during the basement masonry. in that the junctions between walls (angle and intersection) must be carried out by harpassing so as to ensure the continuity of the apparatus (8) (Figures 9,10,11,15). in that the connections between the reinforcements of the posts and / or the stiffeners (9) and those (10) of the lintels and / or the links are executed. 9 010230. In that the forked bricks link the masonry and armed lesbétons (figures 9,10,11,15). With regard to the pouring and tightening of concrete: the concrete is poured after each row of masonry bricks and its tightening around 5 armatures is made by small shocks with the aid of an iron, stirring it until There is no cavity in the masonry element serving as a lost formwork. 3) - Construction method according to one of claims 1 and 2characterized: Io. in that the set of new split bricks comprise one or two teeth (3), all the split ends can present a single or a double lateral offset with respect to the partiker (2), these recesses are there for the need of architecture and destructure. i5. in that the split bricks comprising a hollow part (2) are obtained by means of special molds or by cutting the bricks (FIGS. 1, 16, 17, 18), whereas those derived from the existing brick (FIG. ) are only obtained by cutting the parent brick. . as regards their dosage and the thickness of their walls: the dosage must be between 350 and 400 kg / m3 and the thickness of the split walls must be between 2.5 and 3 centimeters.