OA19731A - "Improved method for constructing buildings and piers of hydraulic structures (gutters, culverts) in solid form using forked bricks with notched transverse walls without laying mortars, formwork or clamps" - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an improved method for constructing buildings and piers of permanent hydraulic structures using forked bricks with notched transverse walls without laying mortars, formwork or clamps, characterized: - in that the forked bricks with notched transverse walls (2) straddle the vertical steels (4) of the beginnings of rafts (6) and/or footings (9), the notched transverse and lateral walls (7) receive the horizontal steels and the fresh concrete having a thickness varying between 1.5 cm and 2.5 cm, after filling the lateral walls (7) not containing the vertical steels (4) with fresh earth mortar (laterite, banco etc.) placed in an integrated formwork for the construction of buildings and with fresh concrete for the construction of piers of hydraulic structures so as to ensure the execution of the connections between the reinforcements and to ensure the continuity of the concrete of the piers of the rafts (6) and/or the footings (9); - in that the fresh concrete (8) is tightened around the reinforcements by small impacts using an iron, stirring it until there are no cavities in the masonry element of forked bricks with notched transverse walls intended to serve as integrated formwork; - in that the concreting is stopped and restarted after each row of bricks for the piers of hydraulic structures and every two rows of bricks for buildings: in accordance with the rules of the art, in particular the cleaning of the surface of the concrete before each restart.

Description

Description :

The present invention relates to a new and improved method for constructing buildings and piers of hydraulic works in solid form using forked bricks with notched transverse walls, without laying mortars, formwork or clamps, intended to serve as integrated formwork for the construction of two types of high-quality walls in composite sails capable of supporting heavy loads. It aims to improve the inventions protected by patents, No. 10230 and No. 10231 issued by the African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI) because, although competitive compared to traditional implementation methods, the method for constructing piers of hydraulic works patent OAPI No. 10231, involving the use of laying mortar for implementation and also the fact that it is necessary to embed the openwork brick in the reinforcement, this makes execution tedious, remains very expensive. These traditional processes, which are very expensive and difficult to implement, contribute to the rapid degradation of the environment due to the excessive cutting of forest wood, especially since wooden formwork is much cheaper than metal formwork on the one hand and on the other hand the excessive use of imported materials and equipment contribute to the degradation and collapse of commodity prices. This new process practically eliminates the need for laying mortars, bricks (solid, hollow) and reinforced concrete at singular points (low chains, lintels, high chains, posts, etc.) of conventional formwork, auxiliary work, clamps, prefabrication machines, transport and/or handling equipment. Also, with regard to lightweight buildings, the reduction of reinforcing steel by 2/3, and of gray cement by 40%. This integrated, robust and non-deformable formwork prevents any loss of material (fresh concrete before it hardens). It retains its shape, presents a completely regular juxtaposition of bricks, thus offering the possibility of not applying plaster. This construction method can be used advantageously for:

Reduce the use of cement, reinforcing steel and wood in construction, thus > fighting desertification in the long term given the extreme seriousness of this problem; any effort towards limiting tree felling will be welcome, especially since the wood used for the construction of buildings must have certain characteristics, these goods being felled trees which are most often found in forests.

> Reviving employment, particularly in the construction sector, through the use of this new construction process requiring few tools but a significant workforce; this is a deliberate choice because the simple fact of having this new economic construction process could be resolved through prefabrication, for example, the production of bricks with notched cross-walls to be used as lost formwork.

> Limit imports of construction materials and equipment such as cement, rebar, wooden formwork, clamps, nails, prefabrication machines, transport and/or handling equipment, etc.

The new method of constructing lightweight buildings and piers of solid hydraulic structures using forked bricks with notched transverse walls, without laying mortars, formwork or clamps, according to the invention has numerous advantages over the methods of constructing lightweight buildings and piers of solid hydraulic structures proposed to date, including:

Z Limit the excessive use of imported materials such as grey cement and rebar, by substituting them with local materials in mortars, earth for filling (laterite, banco etc.) rubble at the level of the foundations.

C Removal of all formwork (wooden or metal) and auxiliary work. Removal of all prefabrication machines.

Z Removal of all transport and/or handling equipment.

/ The exterior view of the works (composite concrete shell) shows completely regular masonry;

·/ Elimination of joints between panels generated by prefabrication In relation to climate change, the invention makes it possible to improve the energy efficiency of buildings by:

> Mitigation; the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (steel, cement, transport); - Adaptation, in particular avoiding deforestation (formwork wood reduced by 96%); of course, trees are beneficial to the environment, they absorb CO2, contribute to biodiversity, repel desertification, regulate water sugar, protect the soil, they fertilize it and improve crop yields;

> Very fast execution (thus reducing the implementation time by around 50%). Also the curing time of these forked bricks hardly exceeds 5 days instead of 21 days for traditional bricks (solid, hollow);

The forked bricks with notched cross walls can also be made as in the case of traditional cement blocks.

- Lost formwork made using forked bricks with notched cross walls reduces the exposure of the poured concrete to adverse climatic effects, thus improving the hardening process which in turn improves the quality of the concrete compared to the poor characteristics of the concrete due to accelerated heat treatment followed by rapid dissection which are the causes of the chipping of the edges during handling.

State of the art:

Among a number of well-known achievements, we can for example cite processes which involve formwork (wooden and/or metal), clamps, auxiliary works, prefabrication machines, transport and/or handling equipment etc. Among the most relevant inventions we can cite those relating to patents No. 10230 and No. 10231 issued by the African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI) on the processes for constructing buildings and piers of permanent hydraulic structures using openwork bricks with notched transverse walls intended to serve as integrated formwork in place of traditional formwork. Thus: the disadvantage of openwork bricks is located at two levels:

l) The need to pass the reinforcement of the raft foundations through the holes in the openwork brick makes its implementation very tedious and constitutes a disadvantage.

2) The need to use a laying mortar for the installation of openwork bricks once juxtaposed, which is very expensive and tedious.

This new invention uses forked bricks. It differs fundamentally from existing ones by the use of forked bricks on the walls.

notched cross sections and formwork integrated into the structures instead of lost formwork.

The new invention, thanks to the integrated formwork, overcomes several drawbacks because it concerns the construction of composite wall buildings and hydraulic footings without resorting to wooden or metal formwork.

Brief description:

It concerns a new method for constructing buildings and piers of permanent hydraulic structures using forked bricks with notched transverse walls, without laying mortars, formwork or clamps. More specifically, these new bricks are intended to create two types of high-quality composite shell walls capable of supporting heavy loads for 30 building and gutter projects, culverts called piers of hydraulic structures on the other hand.

These new rigid, robust, non-deformable, lightweight bricks are very economical and easy to produce, store and implement for the construction of vertical and/or horizontal masonry elements that must contain the vertical steels of the foundation bases, the horizontal steels, the fresh earth mortar for filling the side walls (laterite, banco, etc.), the fresh concrete before it hardens, all thus constituting an integrated formwork for the construction of light buildings, replacing the laying mortars, the bricks (solid and/or hollow), the reinforced concrete at the singular points (low chains, lintel chains, high chains, posts, etc.) on the one hand and on the other hand the filling of the side walls not containing vertical steels of the raft bases is done in fresh concrete for the construction of piers of hydraulic works (gutters, culverts).

These integrated formworks provide excellent results in terms of concrete quality. They reduce the concrete's exposure to adverse climatic effects, thus improving the curing process, which in turn improves the quality of the concrete.

The first type, intended for building walls, includes masonry elements, reinforcement, concrete before it hardens for filling the side walls containing vertical and horizontal steels for the slab starters, laterite and/or banco for filling the notched side walls not containing the steels for the sole starters, replacing the classic version (solid brick base including their laying mortars, reinforcements and concretes (posts, low chains), also hollow bricks and their laying mortars, earthworks and concretes (elevating posts, lintel chains, high chains).

The second type, intended to make piers of hydraulic works, comprises masonry elements, reinforcement, concrete before it hardens for filling the side walls containing vertical and horizontal steels of raft starters as well as those not containing vertical steels of raft starters, after each row of forked bricks with notched transverse walls which straddle the vertical steels of raft starters.

The invention is better understood thanks to the detailed description below made easier by examples for informational and non-limiting purposes with reference to the figures and drawings.

Attached: Plates 1 to VH and their respective figures made of forked bricks with notched transverse walls.

Detailed description:

The construction process uses, depending on whether it is a question of buildings or of the footings of hydraulic works, masonry elements (figures (3), (4) (9) of plate 1-VIl and figures (1), (2), (3), (4) of plate IΓ-V11) called derived bricks, reinforcement, concrete as well as banco and/or laterite.

The figures above represent forked bricks with notched cross walls.

In this method, as far as buildings are concerned, the masonry elements are used (figures (3), (4) (9) of plate I-Vil and figures (I), (2), (3), (4) of plate IIVII called derived bricks), a composite sole point 9 figure (7), plate V-VII, the transverse walls (3), the side walls (7), the vertical steels (4) and the horizontal steels (5) of plates I11-VII to VII Vil.

In this method, as regards the piers of hydraulic works, masonry elements are used (figures (3), (4) (9) of plate 1-VII and figures (1), (2), (3), (4) of plate Π-VII called derived bricks), a raft point (6) figure (9), the transverse walls (3), the side walls (7), the vertical steels (4) and the horizontal steels (5) of plate VH-VII.

Figure I represents a perspective view of a brick, comprising a rectangular hole with two notched transverse walls, comprising two forked parts (four teeth) notched at their ends at the start of the transverse walls (3), they complete the masonry between the uprights of Figures 2, 3 and 4 of Plate 1I-VII and are obtained by special mold.

Figure 2 represents a perspective view of two halves of the brick figure 1, each half having two forked parts comprising four teeth, one forked part of which is longer and has notches at their ends at the start of the transverse walls (3), they ensure the continuity of the masonry of Figures 2, 3 and 4 Plate II-VIT and are obtained by special mold in a single demolding.

Figure 3 represents a perspective view of two complementary halves of bricks, having two forked parts each comprising three teeth and two notched transverse walls, a notched side wall and an open side wall comprising notches at the start of the open side parts (3), they allow to ensure the continuity of the masonry at the points of intersection of walls and are obtained by special mold in a single demolding.

Figure 4 shows a perspective view of two complementary bricks, one of which has a rectangular and forked hole; it has two notched transverse walls and at the end of the forked part, it has notches at the start of the transverse wall (3); the other U-shaped brick also has a notched transverse wall and has at its end notches at the start of the transverse wall (3), they allow the continuity of the masonry at the level of the vertical steels (4) of the start of the rafts (6) and/or soles (9) and are obtained by special mold in a single demolding.

s

Thus: figures I, 2, 3 and 4 present perspective views of the bricks derived from bricks 3, 4 and 9 of OAPI patent No. 10231, each respectively having two transverse walls (figure 1), one transverse wall for each brick (figure 2), two transverse walls for each brick (figure 3), two transverse walls for one and one transverse wall for the other (figure 4)

Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 also show one or two forked parts which may include one to four teeth for information purposes and are not limiting. The forked parts are there for implementation purposes. These notched transverse walls, these notched side walls, these notches at the start of the transverse walls (3) and these forks are the characteristics of these new bricks.

The implementation of this process is detailed in plates 111-VII, IV-VII, VVII, Vl-VIl and VII-VII. Thus, the masonry of the integrated formwork which must contain the vertical steels of starters, rafts and/or soles, the horizontal steels, the fresh earth mortar for filling the side walls (laterite, banco, etc.) and the fresh concrete before it hardens must comply with the rules of the art: in particular, avoid the superposition of two vertical joints. It is sufficient to straddle the bricks to the vertical steels of the raft starters (6) and/or soles (9), juxtaposing them in the direction of the notched transverse walls so as to place the horizontal steels (5) after each row of bricks for the piers of hydraulic works and every two rows of bricks for the buildings on the notched transverse walls (2) parallel to the side walls (7) of the juxtaposed bricks. The fresh concrete is poured into the side walls (7) containing the vertical steels (4) of the raft starters (6) and/or soles (9); the side walls (7) not containing vertical steels of the raft starters (6) and soles (9) will be made of fresh earth mortar for filling the side walls (7) (laterite, banco, etc.) for the buildings. The filling of the side walls (7) is done with fresh concrete only for the implementation of the piers of hydraulic works. Thus the method of constructing buildings and piers of hydraulic works in solid form using forked bricks with notched transverse walls without laying mortar or formwork or clamps, of the type comprising a plurality of forked bricks with notched transverse walls, juxtaposed intended to contain the vertical steels of the beginnings of rafts and / or footings, the horizontal steels, the fresh concrete before it hardens. The filling of the side walls not containing vertical steels of the beginnings of rafts and / or footings is done with fresh concrete for the implementation of piers of hydraulic works (gutters, culverts) and with fresh earth mortar (laterite, banco etc.) for the implementation of buildings, Characterized:

> in that the forked bricks with notched transverse walls (2) straddle the vertical steels (4) of raft foundations (6) and/or soles (9), instead of embedding them as described in OAPI patent No. 10231.

> in that the notched transverse and lateral walls receive the horizontal steels (5) and the fresh concrete whose thickness varies between 1.5 cm and 2.5 cm, after filling the lateral walls (7) not containing the vertical steels (4) with fresh earth mortar (laterite, banco etc.) which is thus in an integrated formwork for the implementation of buildings and with fresh concrete for the implementation of piers of hydraulic works so as to ensure the execution of the connections between the reinforcements and to ensure the continuity of the concrete of piers of the roots (6) and/or of soles (9).

Έ > in that the tightening of the fresh concrete (8) around the reinforcements is done by small shocks using an iron, stirring it until there is no cavity in the masonry element of forked bricks with notched transverse walls to serve as integrated formwork.

in that the concreting stops after each row of juxtaposed bricks for the piers of hydraulic structures, and two rows of juxtaposed bricks for building pulleys, the concreting resumes according to the rules of the art, namely the cleaning of the surface of the concrete before each restart, etc.

_ in that the forked bricks with notched transverse walls intended to serve as integrated formwork for buildings and piers of hydraulic works directly straddle the vertical steels of raft foundations (6) and/or soles (9), juxtaposing them in the direction of the notched transverse walls so as to place the horizontal steels (5) after each row of bricks for the piers of hydraulic works and every two rows of bricks for buildings on the notched transverse walls and parallel to the side walls of the juxtaposed bricks;

- in that the connections between the reinforcements are executed, the fresh concrete is poured between the side walls of the juxtaposed bricks. The tightening of the fresh concrete is done by small shocks using an iron while stirring it until there are no cavities in the juxtaposed brick element. The fresh concrete ensures the connection between the piers and the rafts.

Thus according to this new invention, figure (9) of plate VII-VlI represents a summary perspective view, characterizing the method of execution of piers of hydraulic works in solid form using forked bricks with notched transverse walls without laying mortars or formwork or clamps and figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 of the respective plates of plates l l l-Vll, IV25 VH, V-Vll and VI-VII represent a summary perspective view, characterizing the different stages of construction of solid buildings using forked bricks with notched transverse walls without laying mortars or formwork or clamps.

Claims (9)

1. Method for constructing buildings and piers of hydraulic structures (gutters, culverts) in solid form using forked bricks with notched transverse walls without laying mortars, formwork or clamps, of the type comprising a plurality of forked bricks with notched transverse walls, juxtaposed intended to contain vertical and horizontal steel, the beginnings of rafts and/or footings, fresh concrete before it hardens. 2. Method for constructing buildings and piers of hydraulic works according to claim 1, characterized in that the bricks, whose wall thicknesses are between 2.5 cm and 4 cm, are obtained by special molds or by cutting, they are dosed between 350 kg and 400 kg/m and are characterized by notched transverse walls (2), notched side walls (7), notches at the start of the notched transverse walls (3) and forks. 3. Method of constructing buildings according to claim No. 1, characterized in that the filling of the side walls not containing vertical steels, primers, soles, is done with fresh concrete or fresh earth mortar (laterite, banco etc.). 4. Method for constructing piers of hydraulic structures according to claim No. 1, characterized in that the filling of the side walls and the rafts is done with fresh concrete from piers of hydraulic structures (gutters, culverts). 5. Method of constructing buildings and piers of hydraulic works according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that the forked bricks with notched transverse walls (2) straddle the vertical steels (4) of the beginnings of rafts (6) and/or soles (9), instead of embedding them. 6. Method for constructing buildings and piers of hydraulic works according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 characterized in that the transverse walls (2) and notched side walls (7) receive the horizontal steels (5) and the fresh concrete whose thickness varies between 1.5 cm and 2.5 cm, after filling the side walls (7) not containing the vertical steels (4) with fresh earth mortar (laterite, banco etc.) which is thus in an integrated formwork for the implementation of buildings and with fresh concrete for the implementation of piers of hydraulic works so as to ensure the execution of the connections between the reinforcements and to ensure the continuity of the concretes of the piers of the rafts (6) and/or of the soles (9). 7. Method for constructing buildings and piers of hydraulic works according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, characterized in that the tightening of the fresh concrete (8) around the reinforcements is done by small impacts using an iron, stirring it until there is no cavity in the masonry element of forked bricks with notched transverse walls to serve as integrated formwork. 8. Method for constructing buildings and piers of hydraulic structures according to claims 5, 6 and 7, characterized in that the stopping and resuming of concreting is done after each row of bricks for the piers of hydraulic structures and every two rows of bricks for buildings according to the rules of the art, in particular the cleaning of the surface of the concrete before each resumption. 9. Method for constructing buildings and piers of hydraulic works according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 characterized in that the notched transverse or lateral walls (7) receive the horizontal steels (5) in such a way that the connections between the reinforcements are made, the fresh concrete is poured between the lateral walls (7) of the forked bricks with juxtaposed notched transverse walls in the direction of the notched transverse walls and that its tightening around the reinforcements is done by small shocks using an iron by stirring it until there is no cavity in the masonry element to serve as integrated formwork.