PH26079A - Long lasting contraceptive suppository composition and method of use - Google Patents

Long lasting contraceptive suppository composition and method of use Download PDF

Info

Publication number: PH26079A
Authority: PH; Philippines
Prior art keywords: agent; suppository; gum; composition; spermicidal
Prior art date: 1988-08-16

Application number

PH39100A

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

Nawaz Ahmad

George A Ziets

Sudeb Das

Original Assignee

Ortho Pharma Corp

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1988-08-16

Filing date

1989-08-15

Publication date

1992-02-06

1989-08-15 Application filed by Ortho Pharma Corp filed Critical Ortho Pharma Corp

1992-02-06 Publication of PH26079A publication Critical patent/PH26079A/en

Links

239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 92
239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 title claims description 32
230000002254 contraceptive effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 27
239000003433 contraceptive agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 14
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical group O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
239000000934 spermatocidal agent Substances 0.000 claims description 37
229940087419 nonoxynol-9 Drugs 0.000 claims description 31
229920004918 nonoxynol-9 Polymers 0.000 claims description 31
FBWNMEQMRUMQSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tergitol NP-9 Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO)C=C1 FBWNMEQMRUMQSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 21
229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
239000002511 suppository base Substances 0.000 claims description 17
239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 15
229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 12
235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 12
239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 11
229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
210000001215 vagina Anatomy 0.000 claims description 10
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
HNLXNOZHXNSSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO)C=C1 HNLXNOZHXNSSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
NMXDTPBZWZGMMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl)phenol Chemical compound C1C(C(C)C)CCC(C)C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 NMXDTPBZWZGMMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
229960001112 menfegol Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
229940098514 octoxynol-9 Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
229920002114 octoxynol-9 Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
210000003679 cervix uteri Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 claims description 3
229960000686 benzalkonium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl(dimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[NH+](C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CADWTSSKOVRVJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
229940075614 colloidal silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 23
238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 14
239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
230000001150 spermicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 6
238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
229920002534 Polyethylene Glycol 1450 Polymers 0.000 description 4
238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 4
230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 3
LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
241000282566 Macaca arctoides Species 0.000 description 2
239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 2
239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
229920002523 polyethylene Glycol 1000 Polymers 0.000 description 2
238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
239000006216 vaginal suppository Substances 0.000 description 2
229910002016 Aerosil® 200 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
208000034423 Delivery Diseases 0.000 description 1
239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 description 1
239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
229960001716 benzalkonium Drugs 0.000 description 1
CYDRXTMLKJDRQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzododecinium Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CYDRXTMLKJDRQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 1
238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 description 1
230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 1
229940124531 pharmaceutical excipient Drugs 0.000 description 1
229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
230000019100 sperm motility Effects 0.000 description 1
230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
230000009677 vaginal delivery Effects 0.000 description 1
229940120293 vaginal suppository Drugs 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/0034—Urogenital system, e.g. vagina, uterus, cervix, penis, scrotum, urethra, bladder; Personal lubricants
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S424/00—Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
- Y10S424/14—Topical contraceptives and spermacides
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S424/00—Drug, bio-affecting and body treating compositions
- Y10S424/15—Suppositories

Landscapes

Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
Gynecology & Obstetrics (AREA)
Reproductive Health (AREA)
Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
Epidemiology (AREA)
Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
Public Health (AREA)
Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

PH39100A 1988-08-16 1989-08-15 Long lasting contraceptive suppository composition and method of use PH26079A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
US07/232,816 US4999342A (en)	1988-08-16	1988-08-16	Long lasting contraceptive suppository composition and methods of use

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
PH26079A true PH26079A (en)	1992-02-06

Family

ID=22874723

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
PH39100A PH26079A (en)	1988-08-16	1989-08-15	Long lasting contraceptive suppository composition and method of use

Country Status (14)

Country	Link
US (1)	US4999342A (da)
EP (1)	EP0359402A3 (da)
JP (1)	JP2845325B2 (da)
AU (1)	AU623427B2 (da)
CA (1)	CA1338877C (da)
DK (1)	DK400189A (da)
FI (1)	FI98342C (da)
IL (1)	IL91290A0 (da)
MX (1)	MX164229B (da)
NO (1)	NO893275L (da)
NZ (1)	NZ230294A (da)
PH (1)	PH26079A (da)
PT (1)	PT91454B (da)
ZA (1)	ZA896228B (da)

Families Citing this family (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
DE4015543A1 (de) *	1990-05-15	1991-11-21	Bayer Ag	Spermicides beschichtungsmittel
DK116591D0 (da) *	1991-06-17	1991-06-17	Ferring Farma Lab	Fremgangsmaade til fremstilling af suppositorier ved komprimering og suppositorier opnaaet ved fremgangsmaaden
US5192802A (en) *	1991-09-25	1993-03-09	Mcneil-Ppc, Inc.	Bioadhesive pharmaceutical carrier
US5215976A (en) *	1991-10-28	1993-06-01	Mona Industries, Inc.	Phospholipids useful as spermicidal agents
NL9102142A (nl) *	1991-12-20	1993-07-16	Dagra Pharma Bv	Zetpillen met vertraagde afgifte en werkwijze voor de bereiding daarvan.
FR2728464B1 (fr) *	1994-12-22	1997-04-30	Innothera Lab Sa	Forme galenique unitaire, son procede d'obtention et ses utilisations
US5741525A (en) *	1995-10-24	1998-04-21	Marshall University Research Corporation	Vaginal pharmaceutical hydrogen peroxide composition
US20030158220A1 (en) *	1997-11-03	2003-08-21	Foss Joseph F.	Use of methylnaltrexone and related compounds to treat chronic opioid use side effects
US6051603A (en)	1998-01-20	2000-04-18	Wayne Hughes Institute	Vanadium (IV) metallocene complexes having sperm motility inhibiting activity
US6245808B1 (en)	1998-11-05	2001-06-12	Parker Hughes Institute	Oxy-vanadium (IV) complexes having spermicidal activity
US6432941B1 (en) *	1998-01-20	2002-08-13	Parker Hughes Institute	Vanadium compounds for treating cancer
US6139848A (en) *	1999-02-12	2000-10-31	Mcneil-Ppc, Inc.	Personal lubricant compositions
RU2274442C2 (ru) *	2000-03-07	2006-04-20	Раш-Презбитериан-Ст. Лук'С Медикал Сентер	Композиции и способы улавливания и инактивации патогенных микроорганизмов и сперматозоидов
US20040047910A1 (en) *	2000-07-07	2004-03-11	Christian Beckett	Suppository and composition comprising at least one polyethylene glycol
HRP20150037T4 (hr) *	2003-04-08	2022-09-02	Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	Farmaceutske formulacije koje sadrže metilnaltrekson
JP2007518394A (ja) *	2003-08-14	2007-07-12	ザバイオバランスコーポレイション	細菌菌株、該細菌菌株を含む組成物、およびそのプロバイオティクス使用
US20070065504A1 (en) *	2004-03-23	2007-03-22	Lin Shun Y	Products and methods for treating vaginal infections
US20050214364A1 (en) *	2004-03-23	2005-09-29	Hutman Herbert W	Products and methods for treating vaginal infections
AR057035A1 (es)	2005-05-25	2007-11-14	Progenics Pharm Inc	SíNTESIS DE (R)-N-METILNALTREXONA, COMPOSICIONES FARMACÉUTICAS Y USOS
AR057325A1 (es)	2005-05-25	2007-11-28	Progenics Pharm Inc	Sintesis de (s)-n-metilnaltrexona, composiciones farmaceuticas y usos
TWI489984B (zh)	2006-08-04	2015-07-01	Wyeth Corp	用於非經腸道傳輸化合物之配方及其用途
TW200817048A (en) *	2006-09-08	2008-04-16	Wyeth Corp	Dry powder compound formulations and uses thereof
CA2682129A1 (en)	2007-03-29	2008-10-09	Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	Crystal forms and uses thereof
US8546418B2 (en) *	2007-03-29	2013-10-01	Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof
PT2139890E (pt)	2007-03-29	2014-09-03	Wyeth Llc	Antagonistas do receptor opióide periférico e respectivas utilizações
EP2240489A1 (en) *	2008-02-06	2010-10-20	Progenics Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	Preparation and use of (r),(r)-2,2'-bis-methylnaltrexone
CA2676881C (en)	2008-09-30	2017-04-25	Wyeth	Peripheral opioid receptor antagonists and uses thereof
US9011909B2 (en) *	2010-09-03	2015-04-21	Wisconsin Pharmacal Company, Llc	Prebiotic suppositories
CN104487054A (zh) *	2012-06-13	2015-04-01	伊沃菲姆股份有限公司	用于增强避孕杀微生物剂有效性的组合物和方法
MX2016008023A (es)	2013-12-19	2017-01-13	Evofem Inc	Composiciones y metodos para inhibir la inflamacion y las enfermedades utilizando un compuesto antimicrobiano con base en acido alginico.
CN105250280B (zh)	2014-07-14	2020-03-10	诺维科国际控股股份有限公司	包含辛苯聚醇和喹诺里西啶生物碱化合物或其来源的杀微生物组合物
US11419835B2 (en)	2016-10-04	2022-08-23	Evofem, Inc.	Method of treatment and prevention of bacterial vaginosis

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US3932613A (en) *	1973-08-20	1976-01-13	Morton-Norwich Products, Inc.	Method of preventing leakage from body orifices when utilizing suppositories as a source of medication
US4187286A (en) *	1979-01-02	1980-02-05	G&W Laboratories, Inc.	Contraceptive suppository
JPS58152809A (ja) *	1982-03-05	1983-09-10	Eisai Co Ltd	安定な発泡性「膣」坐剤
US4659696A (en) *	1982-04-30	1987-04-21	Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd.	Pharmaceutical composition and its nasal or vaginal use
CA1207231A (en) *	1982-08-24	1986-07-08	Hans W. Zulliger	Medicated suppository
US4551148A (en) *	1982-09-07	1985-11-05	Kv Pharmaceutical Company	Vaginal delivery systems and their methods of preparation and use
NZ222698A (en) *	1987-01-08	1990-02-26	Squibb & Sons Inc	Bioadhesive suppository formulations comprising a medicament, water, a hydrocolloid and low melting point base

1988
- 1988-08-16 US US07/232,816 patent/US4999342A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
1989
- 1989-08-11 IL IL91290A patent/IL91290A0/xx unknown
- 1989-08-14 NZ NZ230294A patent/NZ230294A/xx unknown
- 1989-08-14 CA CA000608293A patent/CA1338877C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-14 AU AU39599/89A patent/AU623427B2/en not_active Expired
- 1989-08-15 ZA ZA896228A patent/ZA896228B/xx unknown
- 1989-08-15 EP EP89308256A patent/EP0359402A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1989-08-15 DK DK400189A patent/DK400189A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1989-08-15 PH PH39100A patent/PH26079A/en unknown
- 1989-08-15 NO NO89893275A patent/NO893275L/no unknown
- 1989-08-15 FI FI893840A patent/FI98342C/fi active IP Right Grant
- 1989-08-16 MX MX17220A patent/MX164229B/es unknown
- 1989-08-16 JP JP1210214A patent/JP2845325B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-08-16 PT PT91454A patent/PT91454B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
CA1338877C (en)	1997-01-28
DK400189D0 (da)	1989-08-15
NZ230294A (en)	1991-10-25
EP0359402A2 (en)	1990-03-21
PT91454B (pt)	1996-06-28
US4999342A (en)	1991-03-12
JP2845325B2 (ja)	1999-01-13
FI893840A0 (fi)	1989-08-15
PT91454A (pt)	1990-03-08
AU3959989A (en)	1990-02-22
EP0359402A3 (en)	1990-04-11
FI893840L (fi)	1990-02-17
ZA896228B (en)	1991-04-24
MX164229B (es)	1992-07-27
DK400189A (da)	1990-02-17
AU623427B2 (en)	1992-05-14
FI98342B (fi)	1997-02-28
NO893275L (no)	1990-02-19
FI98342C (fi)	1997-06-10
NO893275D0 (no)	1989-08-15
JPH02104517A (ja)	1990-04-17
IL91290A0 (en)	1990-03-19

Publication	Publication Date	Title
US4999342A (en)	1991-03-12	Long lasting contraceptive suppository composition and methods of use
US5224493A (en)	1993-07-06	Contraceptive intracervical device and novel nonsystemic agents for the prevention of conception and disease
US4368186A (en)	1983-01-11	Methods and compositions for intravaginal contraception
US5545401A (en)	1996-08-13	Antiviral, spermicidal vaginal gel and foam containing low molecular weight povidone-iodine
CA1292696C (en)	1991-12-03	Vaginal pharmaceutical composition having sperm motility enhancing activity
US5071644A (en)	1991-12-10	Topical drug delivery with thermo-irreversible gels
US4959216A (en)	1990-09-25	Contraceptive methods and delivery systems thereof
PL202918B1 (pl)	2009-08-31	Przeciwbakteryjna i antykoncepcyjna kompozycja oraz jej zastosowanie
EP1996209B1 (en)	2015-11-04	Contraceptive composition
Sherwood et al.	1996	Controlled release of antibodies for long-term topical passive immunoprotection of female mice against genital herpes
AU2001243431A1 (en)	2001-11-29	Compositions and methods for trapping and inactivating pathogenic microbes and spermatozoa
US6045786A (en)	2000-04-04	Topical application of antibodies for prophylaxis against sexually transmitted diseases and pregnancy
US4602042A (en)	1986-07-22	Contraceptive methods
CA1216237A (en)	1987-01-06	Contraceptive composition
US4297341A (en)	1981-10-27	Spermicidal composition
JPH0371403B2 (da)	1991-11-13
Homm et al.	1985	ORF 13904, a new long-acting vaginal contraceptive
Creatsas et al.	2001	A multinational evaluation of the efficacy, safety and acceptability of the Protectaid® contraceptive sponge
ZANEVELD et al.	2001	Properties of a New, Long‐Lasting Vaginal Delivery System (LASRS) for Contraceptive and Antimicrobial Agents
Zavos et al.	1996	Comparative spermicidal performance of iodinated and non-iodinated contraceptive formulations of nonoxynol-9 co-precipitated with polyvinylpyrrolidone
Rodgers-Neame et al.	1985	In vitro and in vivo evaluation of latex condoms using a two-phase nonoxynol 9 system
Leitch	1986	Longevity of Ortho Creme (R) and Gynol II (R) in the contraceptive diaphragm
Bassol et al.	1989	Comparative trial between two soft jelly capsules containing nonoxynol as spermicidal contraceptives
Thosar	1997	Controlled release of a contraceptive steroid from biodegradable and injectable formulations: In vitro and in vivo evaluations
Xiao-Hui et al.	1990	Comparative vaginal spermicidal studies in the stumptailed macaque with alkyloxynol-741, nonoxynol-9 and chlorhexidine