PL16924B1 - Method for the production of potassium nitrate and soda. - Google Patents
Method for the production of potassium nitrate and soda.Info
- Publication number
- PL16924B1 PL16924B1 PL16924A PL1692430A PL16924B1 PL 16924 B1 PL16924 B1 PL 16924B1 PL 16924 A PL16924 A PL 16924A PL 1692430 A PL1692430 A PL 1692430A PL 16924 B1 PL16924 B1 PL 16924B1
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- potassium
- gypsum
- nitrate
- potassium nitrate
- separation
- Prior art date
Links
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 title claims description 15
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 15
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009621 Solvay process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Chinese gallotannin Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYRAVIYBIHCEGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K].[Ca] Chemical compound [K].[Ca] NYRAVIYBIHCEGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001166 ammonium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VVJRSSJSRXEOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;potassium;sulfuric acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.[K].[K].[Ca].OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O VVJRSSJSRXEOQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
Description
Znanym sposobem otrzymywania azota¬ nu potasowego jest przemiana siarczanu potasu z azotanem wapniowym: K2S04 + Ca (NOJ2 = 2 KNOs + Ca S04 Utworzony gips oddziela sie od roztwo¬ ru azotanu potasowego przez dekantacje lub filtrowanie, a otrzymany roztwór azotanu potasu odparowuje, Pozornie wydaje sie powyzsza metoda prosta, jednak na jej drodze stoja powazne przeszkody.Po pierwsze, nie przebiega reakcja w sposób taki prosty, jakby mozna sadzic na podstawie podanego równania, poniewaz oprócz gipsu tworza sie równiez zwiazki podwójne wapnia i potasu z kwasem siar¬ kowym, jak syngenit {K2S04 . CaS04 . H20) oraz sól podwójna o wzorze (K2S04 .SCaS04 . H20). Wskutek tego powstaja straty potasu, które podrazaja proces, czy¬ niac go malo podatnym, wzglednie niepo- platnym. Druga przeszkoda jest to, iz siar¬ czan potasu jest zbyt drogim surowcem, dla wyrobu azotanu potasu, tern wiecej, o ile a- zotan potasu ma sluzyc jako nawóz.Wynalazek podaje sposób wykorzysta¬ nia podanej reakcji do wyrobu azotanu po¬ tasu.W patencie Nr 14722 opisano sposób wyrobu siarczanu potasu i sody ze syl-wuritu, przez zmieszanie gipsu z lugiem * Macierzystym z fabrykacji sody, przez co otrzYmuje * ?sie * lugi zawierajace siarczan amonu, stosowane przy przeróbce sylwinitu na siarczan potasu. Równiez jest przewi¬ dziane, ze o ile otrzymany siarczan potasu zastosuje sie do procesu, przy którem wy¬ traca sie siarczan wapnia, zostaje ten ostatni ponownie do procesu wprowadzony. Niema zatem zuzycia kwasu siarkowego, poniewaz pozostaje on przy fabrykacji w obiegu.W niniejszym wynalazku nietylko kwas siarkowy zostaje w obiegu, lecz równiez i wapn, gdyz weglan wapnia wraca do proce¬ su, przyczem wiaze sie go kwasem siarko¬ wym na gips, który miecza sie z lugiem ma¬ cierzystym z fabrykacji sody dla wytworze¬ nia nowych ilosci siarczanu potasu.Sposób wykonania jest nastepujacy: Lugi powstale przy wyrobie sody amo¬ niakalnej mie:za sie z gipsem, przyczem weglan i dwuweglan amonu przetwarza sie z gipsem na siarczan amonu i weglan wa¬ pnia. Po oddzieleniu od tego ostatniego, miesza sie lug z sylwinitem, wprowadzajac równoczesnie amonjak. Powstaje osad gla- zerytu i chlorku potasu, który po oddziele¬ niu lugu traktuje sie woda, przyczem tworzy sie siarczan potasu i roztwór chlorku sodu, który wraca do procesu. Lug oddzielony od glazerytu, zawierajacy glównie chlorek so¬ du i chlorek amonu, ochladza sie, aby wy¬ dzielic troche chlorku amonu, poczem jest gotowy do procesu Solvaya. Po oddzieleniu dwuweglanu sodu, wytworzonego sposobem Solvayowskim, miesza sie lugi pozostale z gipsem i tak dalej. Weglan wapnia otrzy¬ many przez zmieszanie gipsu z lugiem z procesu Solvaya, przetwarza sie z siarcza¬ nem potasowym, otrzymywanym w pózniej¬ szym okresie procesu, oraz kwasem azoto¬ wym, przyczem powstaja azotan potasowy i gips.K2S04 + 2HN03 + CaC03 == Ca SO4 + 2 KN03 + C02 + H20 Azotan potasowy przechodzi do roztworu, skad wydziela sie go po oddzieleniu od gipsu przez odparowywanie lub chlodzenie.Oddzielony gips miesza sie z lugiem wymie¬ nionego procesu Solvaya. Gips zawiera sole podwójne wapniowo-potasowe; jednakowoz to jest bez znaczenia, gdyz wymienione sole przy mieszaniu przechodza na siarczan po¬ tasu i weglan wapnia.Wspomniana reakcja korzystnego wy¬ twarzania azotanu potasu przez przemiane siarczanu potasu zapomoca azotanu wapnio¬ wego, zrobiono tern samem praktycznie uzy¬ teczna, przez to, ze usunieto przeszkody, wynikajace ze strat potasu przy wydziela¬ niu gipsu oraz uzyo(a siarczanu potasowe¬ go, jako surowca. Jako surowców, uzywa sie sylwinitu, kwasu azotowego, dwutlenku we¬ gla i amonjaku, a jaLo produkty reakcji otrzymuje sie azotan potasu, sode i chlorek amonu.O ile jest pozadane, amoniak moze od¬ pasc, jako surowiec, gdyz wytwarzac go mozna przez regeneracje z chloritu artionu, podobnie jak w fabrykach sody, przyczem produktami reakcji beda tylko azotan pota¬ su i soda. PLA known method of obtaining potassium nitrate is the conversion of potassium sulphate with calcium nitrate: K 2 SO 4 + Ca (NOJ 2 = 2 KNO 3 + Ca SO 4). The gypsum formed is separated from the potassium nitrate solution by decantation or filtration, and the obtained potassium nitrate solution is evaporated. the above method is simple, but there are serious obstacles in its way: First, the reaction is not as simple as the equation given, because in addition to gypsum, also double compounds of calcium and potassium are formed with sulfuric acid, such as syngenite {K2SO4. CaSO4. H2O) and a double salt of formula (K2SO4. SCaSO4. H2O). As a result, there is a loss of potassium that irritates the process, making it less compliant, relatively unpaid. The second obstacle is that potassium sulphate is too expensive a raw material for the production of potassium nitrate, more so if the potassium nitrate is to be used as a fertilizer. The invention gives a method of using the given reaction to produce potassium nitrate. Patent No. 14722 describes a method of producing potassium sulphate and soda from silvurite by mixing gypsum with the mother liquor * from the fabrication of soda, thereby obtaining * ammonium sulphate-containing liquors used in the conversion of sylvinite to potassium sulphate. It is also foreseen that if the obtained potassium sulphate is used in the process in which the calcium sulphate is precipitated, the latter is reintroduced into the process. There is therefore no consumption of sulfuric acid, since it remains in circulation during fabrication. In the present invention, not only sulfuric acid is circulated, but also calcium, as calcium carbonate returns to the process, it is bound with sulfuric acid to form gypsum, which the sword is mixed with the mother lug from the production of soda to produce new amounts of potassium sulphate. The method is as follows: The lugs formed in the production of ammonia soda are mixed with gypsum, carbonate and ammonium bicarbonate are converted with gypsum to sulphate ammonium and calcium carbonate. After separation from the latter, the slug is mixed with the sylwinite, while introducing ammonium chloride. A precipitate of glycerite and potassium chloride is formed, which, after separation of the liquor, is treated with water, with the formation of potassium sulphate and sodium chloride solution which is returned to the process. The lug, separated from the glaze, containing mainly sodium chloride and ammonium chloride, is cooled to release some ammonium chloride and is then ready for the Solvay process. After the sodium bicarbonate produced by the Solvay process has been separated off, the remaining lugs are mixed with the gypsum, and so on. Calcium carbonate, obtained by mixing gypsum with liquor from the Solvay process, is processed with potassium sulphate, obtained at a later stage in the process, and nitric acid, resulting in the formation of potassium nitrate and gypsum. K2SO4 + 2HNO3 + CaCO3 == Ca SO 4 + 2 KNO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O. Potassium nitrate goes into solution, from where it is separated after separation from gypsum by evaporation or cooling. The separated gypsum is mixed with the slurry of the mentioned Solvay process. Gypsum contains calcium-potassium double salts; however, it is irrelevant, since the mentioned salts are converted into potassium sulphate and calcium carbonate with stirring. The said reaction of the advantageous production of potassium nitrate by the conversion of potassium sulphate with calcium nitrate is made practically useful in itself, thereby that the obstacles resulting from the loss of potassium in the separation of gypsum were removed, and potassium sulphate was used as a raw material. The raw materials used are sylilinite, nitric acid, carbon dioxide and ammonia, and the reaction products are potassium nitrate , sodium and ammonium chloride. If desired, ammonia can run off as a raw material, because it can be produced by regeneration from arthion chlorite, as in soda plants, with only potassium nitrate and soda as the reaction products. EN
Claims (2)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL16924B1 true PL16924B1 (en) | 1932-10-31 |
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