PL3809498T3 - Materiał aktywny katody dla litowej baterii akumulatorowej - Google Patents
Materiał aktywny katody dla litowej baterii akumulatorowejInfo
- Publication number
- PL3809498T3 PL3809498T3 PL20756587.0T PL20756587T PL3809498T3 PL 3809498 T3 PL3809498 T3 PL 3809498T3 PL 20756587 T PL20756587 T PL 20756587T PL 3809498 T3 PL3809498 T3 PL 3809498T3
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- cathode active
- cathode
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020190016495A KR102651786B1 (ko) | 2019-02-13 | 2019-02-13 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질 |
| PCT/KR2020/001639 WO2020166871A1 (ko) | 2019-02-13 | 2020-02-05 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL3809498T3 true PL3809498T3 (pl) | 2025-06-23 |
Family
ID=72045163
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL20756587.0T PL3809498T3 (pl) | 2019-02-13 | 2020-02-05 | Materiał aktywny katody dla litowej baterii akumulatorowej |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11837731B2 (pl) |
| EP (1) | EP3809498B1 (pl) |
| JP (1) | JP7080358B2 (pl) |
| KR (1) | KR102651786B1 (pl) |
| CN (1) | CN112335078B (pl) |
| ES (1) | ES3030123T3 (pl) |
| HU (1) | HUE071218T2 (pl) |
| PL (1) | PL3809498T3 (pl) |
| WO (1) | WO2020166871A1 (pl) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102917423B1 (ko) * | 2020-09-04 | 2026-01-23 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극의 제조방법, 이로부터 제조된 리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
| JP7612853B2 (ja) * | 2021-07-09 | 2025-01-14 | エルジー エナジー ソリューション リミテッド | リチウム‐硫黄電池用正極及びこれを含むリチウム‐硫黄電池 |
| JP7264306B1 (ja) * | 2022-12-01 | 2023-04-25 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 電極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| JP7318789B1 (ja) | 2022-12-01 | 2023-08-01 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | 電極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
Family Cites Families (38)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3605220B2 (ja) | 1995-02-27 | 2004-12-22 | 松下電器産業株式会社 | リチウム鉄酸化物およびその合成法ならびにリチウム電池 |
| KR100270077B1 (ko) | 1996-12-13 | 2000-10-16 | 이구택 | 레피도크로사이트의 제조방법 |
| JP3457953B2 (ja) | 2000-03-15 | 2003-10-20 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 窒素酸化物および/または硫黄酸化物の吸着剤 |
| JP2002110221A (ja) | 2000-09-29 | 2002-04-12 | Tdk Corp | リチウムイオン電池 |
| JP3823807B2 (ja) | 2001-10-31 | 2006-09-20 | 東芝ライテック株式会社 | 脱臭装置 |
| JP4167434B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-01 | 2008-10-15 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | リチウム二次電池用電極材料及びその製造方法 |
| JP2005281128A (ja) * | 2004-03-01 | 2005-10-13 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | リチウム含有オキシ水酸化鉄の製造方法およびその製造方法で得られたリチウム含有オキシ水酸化鉄を含む電極を用いた非水電解質電気化学セル |
| KR100639663B1 (ko) | 2004-11-16 | 2006-10-30 | 주식회사 코캣 | 산성가스 제거용 흡착제 및 이의 제조방법 |
| CN101485985A (zh) | 2008-01-17 | 2009-07-22 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | 一种新型高效多相光芬顿催化剂CuOx-FeOOH的研制方法 |
| CN102208608B (zh) | 2011-05-18 | 2013-05-29 | 刘剑洪 | 一种锂离子电池碳负极材料用碳硫复合材料的制备方法 |
| JP5885984B2 (ja) | 2011-09-30 | 2016-03-16 | 三菱マテリアル株式会社 | 電極形成材と該電極形成材を用いた電極の製造方法 |
| EP2800177A4 (en) | 2011-12-27 | 2015-09-16 | Univ Okayama Nat Univ Corp | ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR NEGATIVE ELECTRODES AND USE THEREOF |
| US20140255770A1 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2014-09-11 | Jong-Jan Lee | Carbon-Sulfur Composite Cathode Passivation and Method for Making Same |
| CN103474633A (zh) | 2012-06-07 | 2013-12-25 | 中国人民解放军63971部队 | 一种具有网络双核壳结构的碳-硫-外壳物复合材料及其制备方法 |
| CN103227324B (zh) | 2013-04-24 | 2015-04-01 | 北京科技大学 | 一种锂离子电池氧化铁负极材料的制备方法 |
| CN103560235B (zh) * | 2013-11-15 | 2016-02-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 石墨烯包覆的硫/多孔碳复合正极材料的制备方法 |
| FR3018516B1 (fr) * | 2014-03-13 | 2019-08-23 | Blue Solutions | Batterie lithium-soufre |
| CN103956482B (zh) | 2014-03-28 | 2016-02-17 | 北京理工大学 | 一种制备锂离子电池泡沫状四氧化三铁/碳复合负极材料的方法 |
| KR101683963B1 (ko) | 2014-05-26 | 2016-12-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 이중 건식 복합화를 통한 황-탄소 복합체 제조 방법 |
| KR101737217B1 (ko) * | 2014-09-26 | 2017-05-18 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 황-탄소나노튜브 복합체, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 리튬-황 전지용 캐소드 활물질 및 이를 포함한 리튬-황 전지 |
| CN104577080B (zh) | 2014-12-29 | 2017-02-22 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | 一种高倍率性能锂硫电池的复合正极材料及制备方法 |
| KR102126249B1 (ko) | 2015-06-26 | 2020-06-24 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 황 전지 및 이의 제조 방법 |
| KR101990615B1 (ko) | 2015-09-23 | 2019-06-18 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 금속 나노입자를 포함하는 양극 활물질 및 양극, 이를 포함하는 리튬-황 전지 |
| EP3377444A4 (en) | 2015-11-13 | 2019-04-03 | Robert Bosch GmbH | SULFUR-CARBON COMPOUND WITH HIGHLY GRAPHITE CARBON MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM SULFUR BATTERIES AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| WO2017082338A1 (ja) | 2015-11-13 | 2017-05-18 | 戸田工業株式会社 | 鉄酸化物-炭素複合体粒子粉末及びその製造方法 |
| WO2017109014A1 (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | Rhodia Operations | Positive active material for rechargeable lithium-sulfur battery |
| WO2017127674A1 (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2017-07-27 | Cornell University | Multi-domained sulfur electrodes, and manufacturing therefor |
| CN106082351B (zh) | 2016-06-01 | 2018-04-20 | 浙江大学 | 一种羟基氧化铁纳米片的制备方法及其产物 |
| CN109311906B (zh) | 2016-06-10 | 2021-08-03 | Jxtg能源株式会社 | 环氧化合物、包含该环氧化合物的固化性组合物以及使固化性组合物固化得到的固化物 |
| KR102273775B1 (ko) | 2016-06-14 | 2021-07-06 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 복합양극활물질, 이를 채용한 양극과 리튬 전지 및 그 제조방법 |
| KR102006727B1 (ko) | 2016-11-02 | 2019-08-02 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 황-탄소 복합체 및 이를 포함하는 리튬-황 전지 |
| CN109565073A (zh) * | 2016-11-28 | 2019-04-02 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 包含金属硫化物纳米粒子的锂硫电池用正极活性材料及其制造方法 |
| CN106654439B (zh) | 2017-02-24 | 2019-05-03 | 中南大学 | 一种废旧锂离子电池负极碳材料的利用方法 |
| KR102126250B1 (ko) | 2017-03-07 | 2020-06-24 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 탄소-황 복합체, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬-황 전지 |
| KR101930395B1 (ko) | 2017-06-27 | 2018-12-18 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 폴리에틸렌이마인과 이산화망간을 포함하는 리튬-황 이차전지용 양극재료 및 이를 포함하는 리튬-황 이차전지 |
| CN108110227A (zh) | 2017-11-20 | 2018-06-01 | 南开大学 | 铁酸镍极性载体的锂硫电池复合正极材料及其制备方法 |
| KR102229456B1 (ko) * | 2018-07-16 | 2021-03-17 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 옥시수산화질산철을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 이를 구비한 리튬 이차전지 |
| KR102617868B1 (ko) | 2018-07-10 | 2023-12-22 | 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 | 옥시수산화질산철의 제조방법 |
-
2019
- 2019-02-13 KR KR1020190016495A patent/KR102651786B1/ko active Active
-
2020
- 2020-02-05 WO PCT/KR2020/001639 patent/WO2020166871A1/ko not_active Ceased
- 2020-02-05 EP EP20756587.0A patent/EP3809498B1/en active Active
- 2020-02-05 US US17/257,695 patent/US11837731B2/en active Active
- 2020-02-05 PL PL20756587.0T patent/PL3809498T3/pl unknown
- 2020-02-05 ES ES20756587T patent/ES3030123T3/es active Active
- 2020-02-05 CN CN202080003502.3A patent/CN112335078B/zh active Active
- 2020-02-05 JP JP2020571594A patent/JP7080358B2/ja active Active
- 2020-02-05 HU HUE20756587A patent/HUE071218T2/hu unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20200098858A (ko) | 2020-08-21 |
| KR102651786B1 (ko) | 2024-03-26 |
| HUE071218T2 (hu) | 2025-08-28 |
| JP7080358B2 (ja) | 2022-06-03 |
| EP3809498B1 (en) | 2025-04-23 |
| CN112335078A (zh) | 2021-02-05 |
| JP2021529418A (ja) | 2021-10-28 |
| EP3809498A1 (en) | 2021-04-21 |
| CN112335078B (zh) | 2024-02-13 |
| WO2020166871A1 (ko) | 2020-08-20 |
| EP3809498A4 (en) | 2021-11-03 |
| ES3030123T3 (en) | 2025-06-26 |
| US20210288327A1 (en) | 2021-09-16 |
| US11837731B2 (en) | 2023-12-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| HUE066546T2 (hu) | Aktív katódanyag lítium szekunder akkumulátor számára és lítium szekunder akkumulátor, amely tartalmaz katódot beleértve aktív katódanyagot | |
| HUE064059T2 (hu) | Katód aktív anyag szekunder akkumulátorhoz, eljárás annak elõállítására, és az azt tartalmazó lítium akkumulátor | |
| PL3742533T3 (pl) | Materiał czynny katody dla akumulatora, sposób jego wytwarzania oraz akumulator litowy zawierający taki materiał | |
| PL3751646T3 (pl) | Materiał aktywny katody dla baterii akumulatorowej, sposób jego wytwarzania i zawierająca go litowa bateria akumulatorowa | |
| PL3961759T3 (pl) | Anoda dla akumulatora litowego i zawierający ją akumulator litowy | |
| PL3678230T3 (pl) | Aktywny materiał anody, anoda zawierająca taki materiał oraz litowa bateria wielokrotnego ładowania | |
| EP3460887A4 (en) | CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR AN ALL SOLID LITHIUM RECHARGEABLE BATTERY | |
| EP3890071A4 (en) | CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY WITH IT | |
| HUE067131T2 (hu) | Negatív elektróda aktív anyag lítium szekunder akkumulátorhoz, és negatív elektróda lítium szekunder akkumulátorhoz, és az azt tartalmazó lítium szekunder akkumulátor | |
| HUE066076T2 (hu) | Eljárás pozitív elektróda aktív anyag elõállítására szekunder akkumulátorokhoz | |
| PL3225592T3 (pl) | Materiał aktywny elektrody dodatniej dla baterii akumulatorowej z niewodnym elektrolitem | |
| PL3696893T3 (pl) | Materiał aktywny anody dla litowej baterii akumulatorowej oraz sposób jego wytwarzania | |
| PL3567661T3 (pl) | Materiał czynny katody dla akumulatora i zawierający go akumulator litowy | |
| HUE066212T2 (hu) | Negatív elektróda aktív anyag lítium szekunder akkumulátorhoz, az azt tartalmazó negatív elektróda lítium szekunder akkumulátorhoz, és az azt tartalmazó szekunder akkumulátor | |
| PL3675251T3 (pl) | Materiał aktywny elektrody ujemnej dla litowej baterii akumulatorowej, zawierająca go elektroda ujemna oraz litowo-jonowa bateria akumulatorowa zawierająca elektrodę ujemną | |
| EP3605671A4 (en) | ACTIVE MATERIAL OF NEGATIVE ELECTRODE FOR SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION BATTERY, NEGATIVE ELECTRODE FOR SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION BATTERY, AND SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION BATTERY | |
| PL3902035T3 (pl) | Materiał aktywny elektrody ujemnej dla litowej baterii wielokrotnego ładowania i zawierająca go litowa bateria wielokrotnego ładowania | |
| EP3748741A4 (en) | NEGATIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE FOR A LITHIUM-ION SECONDARY BATTERY, NEGATIVE ELECTRODE FOR A LITHIUM-ION SECONDARY BATTERY, AND LITHIUM-ION SECONDARY BATTERY | |
| EP3723173A4 (en) | CATODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR A LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY WITH IT | |
| HUE062510T2 (hu) | Eleketród másodlagos lítium akkumulátorhoz | |
| KR102413184B9 (ko) | 리튬 이차 전지용 음극 활물질 및 이를 사용해 제조된 리튬 이차 전지 | |
| HUE067656T2 (hu) | Negatív elektróda aktív anyag lítium szekunder akkumulátorhoz és az azt tartalmazó negatív elektróda és lítium szekunder akkumulátor | |
| EP3748740A4 (en) | NEGATIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE FOR A LITHIUM-ION SECONDARY BATTERY, NEGATIVE ELECTRODE FOR A LITHIUM-ION SECONDARY BATTERY, AND LITHIUM-ION SECONDARY BATTERY | |
| EP3806204A4 (en) | POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR SECONDARY BATTERY WITH WATER-FREE ELECTROLYTE AND SECONDARY BATTERY WITH WATER-FREE ELECTROLYTE | |
| HUE065647T2 (hu) | Anód aktív anyag, eljárás anód aktív anyag elõállítására, az azt tartalmazó anód, és lítium szekunder akkumulátor |