RS57200B1 - Sintetičke imitacije apelina u terapiji srčane insuficijencije - Google Patents
Sintetičke imitacije apelina u terapiji srčane insuficijencijeInfo
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Description
NAPRAVA ZA IZNENADNO KOČENJE PRESE
Oblasttehnike pronalaska
Ovaj pronalazak se odnosi na motornu presu, posebno na napravu za iznenadno koče-nje motorne prese, sa ciljem sprečavanja nesreća tokom rada prese, omogućavanjem trenurnog zaustavljanja rada iste.
Stanje tehnike
Opšte uzev, presa je tipično opasna mašina, koja prouzrokuje industrijske nesreće u oblasti proizvodnje. Mada se u sadašnje vreme broj industrijskih nesreća smanjuje, broj nesreća od presa se ne smanjuje i stoga je potrebna protivmera radi rešavanja ovog problema.
Osim toga, pošto su uobičajene prese u najvećem broju slučajeva tipa sa kandžastim kvačilima, čak i u uslovima kada prst radnika na presi dospe u kalup iste usled nepa-žnje radnika, rad uobičajene prese ne može se brzo zaustaviti. Presa, koja sadrži pneu-matsko kvačilo, koje omogućava da se presa zaustavi trenutno uz korišćenje senzora, kao na pr., prekidač sa infracrvenim zrakom, široko je poznata da se koristi sa ciljem sprečavanja nesreća u slučaju opasnih situacija. Medjutim, cena ovakve prese je visoka, pa je malim kompanijama teško da ih kupe.
Potred toga, osnovna struktura pneumatskog kvačila je vrlo složena, pošto ima mnogo delova, koji mora da se prepravljaju kada se presa oprema pneumatskim kvačilom. Dalje, pošto je cena pneumatskog kvačila visoka, ako bi se uobičajeni model prepravljao u tip sa pneumatskim kvačilom, to mogu da obavljaju samo specijalisti. Stoga, usled fi-nansijskih gubitaka zbog vremena čekanja tokom prepravke i visoke cene iste, uobi-čajene prese se i dalje koriste, a opasnost pojava nesreća se toleriše.
Kratak opis pronalaska
Ovaj pronalazak se objavljuje sa ciljem rešavanja problema spomenutog gore, pa je predmet ovog pronalaska da se ostvari naparava za iznenadno kočenje, ugradjena na laktasto vratilo prese, čijim dejstvom se rad pritiskača (bata prese) može trenutno zakočiti, čime bi se sprečila nesreća radnika, smanjili proizvodni troškovi i postiglo lako prepravljanje, kao i brz ponovni rad, jer se tom napravom upravlja direktno a ne preko složenog prenosa.
Da bi se postigao postavljeni cilj, ovaj pronalazak obuhvata jedan kružni sklop oko kolenastog vratil, sa kočionim oblogama na bočnom ramu prese, jedan običan zupčanik na drugom kraju i jedan konusni žljeb, izradjen po obimu središnog dela vodećeg tela, pri čemu ploča kvačila sadrži takodje jedan obični zupčanik, koji odgovara onom, pričvr-šćenom za veliki pogonski zupčanik ; i jednu viljušku sa parom valjaka, ugradjenih na oba kraja viljuške sa ciljem slobodnog obrtanja i pričvršene za noseći ram, radi omo-gućavanja da viljuška pomeri kružnu vodjicu pomoću hidrauličkog cilindra preko jedne radne poluge. Na taj način kružna vodjica se može pomerati, što omogućava da se kretanje pritiskača (bata prese) gore-dole naglo zaustavi.
Kratak opis crteža
51.1 je šematski izgled poprečnog preseka, koji prikazuje napravu za iznenadno kočenje prese prema ovom pronalasku ;
51.2 je izgled glavnog dela u perspektivi, sa ciljem objašnjavanja principa kočenja prema ovom pronalasku.
Detaljan opis pronalaska
U daljem tekstu će ovaj pronalazak biti opisan sa pozivom na priložene crteže.
Kako je prikazano na sl.1, ovaj pronalazak obuhvata jedan noseći ram 2, vertikalno pričvršćen za osnovu 1, obrtnu osovinu 3 koja je u horizontalnom položaju unutar
nosećeg rama 2, zamajac 5 sa remenicom 7, pričvršćenim za jedan kraj obrtne osovine 3 i spojenim za obrtnu osovinu (nije prikazana) pogonskog motora 6 preko remenice 4 i remena 8. Mali zupčanik 9 je ugradjen na drugi kraj obrtne osovine 3 i nalazi se u zahvatu sa velikim zupčanikom 10, koji će biti opisan niže, tako da se obrtni momenat prenosi sa zamajca 5 na veliki zupčanik 10.
Dalje, kolenasto vratilo, koje se nalazi ispod obrtne osovine, podeljeno je na dva dela, 11a,11b, koji su mnogouglog i kružnog preseka, respektivno. Kolenasto vratilo 11a,11b ugradjeno je paralelno sa obrtnom osom 3 pomoću ležišta (nisu prikazana).
Pored toga, kolenasto vratilo 11a,11b spojeno je bregom 14, ugradjenim za klipnjaču 13, čime je omogućeno da se pritiskač {bat prese) podiže. Kružna vodjica 19 postavljena je na mnogougli deo kolenastog vratila 11a, kako je prikazano na si.2, pri. Zljeb konusnog preseka 15 izradjen je po obimu, po sredini kružne vodjice 19, kočiona obloga 16 je pričvršćena za jednu stranu kružne vopdjice 19, a sa druge strane u odnosu na ovo pričvršćen je radijalno (čeono) nazubljeni zupčanik 18, pomoču, na pr., svornjaka 17.
Dalje, veliki zupčanik 10 sa pločom kvačila 22, za koju je pričvršćen radijalno nazubljeni zupčanik 21 pomoću, na pr., svornjaka 20, oblika koji odgoavara zupčaniku 18, po-stavljenom na kružnu vodjicu 19 , može se slobodno obrtati na slobodnom kraju kolenastog vratila 11b pri čemu je veliki zupčanik u zahvatu sa malim zupčanikom 9.
Pored toga, viljuška 24 smeštena je preko kružne vodjice 19, pri čemu se viljuška 24 kreće unazad (u levo) i unapred (u desno), prema hodu hidrauličkog cilindra, ugradjenog na gornji deo nosećeg rama 2. Viljuška 24 ugradjena je izjedna sa klipnjačom 26, čije telo 25 ima oblik potkovice, i postavljena je vertikalno u odnosu na klipnjaču 29 cilindra. Za oba kraja tela 25, pričvršen je par vaoljaka 28, pomoću osovine 27, i ti valjci 28 predstavljaju deo kružnog konusnog oblika, istog nagiba kao i kosi deo žljeba 15.
Na si. 1, deo sa valjcima (A,A') dat je u položaju zakrenutom za 90°, sa ciljem prikazi-vanja svih delova.
Dalje, na ulaznom delu kalupa naprave za iznenadno kočenje prese prema ovom pronalasku, ugradjen je senzor, kao na pr. foto-senzor (nije prikazan) koji je električno spo-jen sa cilindrom 23. Shodno tome, tokom podizanja bata prese 12, u slučaju opasnih situacija, kao kada se šaka zadrži unutar kalupa usled nepažnje radnika itd., senzor zapaža ovu situaciju i učini da se klipnjača 29 pomeri unazad, unošenjem upravljačke sile u cilindar 23. Kao radni fluid može se koristiti bilo hidraulički, bilo pneumatski.
Rad i dejstvo prema ovom pronalasku su sledeći.
Naprava za iznenadno kočenje prese prema ovom pronalasku naznačena je time, što senzor otkriva opasnu situaciju i daje komandu za pogon cilindra 23, a zatim viljuška 24 omogućava kretanje kružne vodjice 19, čime se sprečava obrtanje velikog zupčanika 10 i, prema tome, prouzrokuje trenutno zaustavljanje kretanje bata 11, ugradjenog na kolenasto vratilo 11a,11b.
To znači, ako se presa uključi, pogonski motor 6 radi i prenosi svoj obrtni momenat na zamajac 5 preko remena 6, što omogućava da mali zupčanik 9, ugradjen na obrtnu osovinu 3 i veliki zupčanik 10, rade istovremeno.
Dalje, pod tim uslovima, ako se izazove kretanje cilindra napred (u desno), prebacivan-jem jednog prekidača, kao što je nožni, ugradjenog na presi 29, viljuška 24 biva potis-nuta klipnjačom 26, i kružna vodjica 19 pokreće u smeru naznačenom crtkano na si.2, što znači u smeru velikog zupčanika 10.
Prema tome, obrtna sila velikog zupčanika 10 prenosi se na kolenasto vratilo 11b, usled činjenice da su radijalni zupčanici 18,21 u zahvatu medjusobno i tako se bat prese 12 pokreće na dole pomoću kolena 14, što omogućava da presa obradi radni predmet.
Dalje, tokom rada prese, ako se pojavi opasna situacija, kao što je zadržavanje šake radnika unutar kalupa, onda usled toga što senzor otkriva tu situaciju, potrebna uprav-ljačka snaga se unosi u cilindar 23, koji pokreće klipnjaču 29 unazad. Posle toga, vi-ljuška 24 se pomera ka nosećem ramu 2, prikazano na si.2 punom linijom strelice, i to pomoću klipnjače 26, što uzrokuje odvajanje radijalnih zuba 18,21, i, kao rezultat tog odvajanja, inercija zamajca 5 ne može da se prenese na kolenasto vratilo. Pored toga, obloga 16 ugradjena na kružnu vodjicu 19, pritiska se uz bočni zid nosečeg rama 2, ta-ko da upravlja obrtanjem kolenastog vratila 11b. U rezultatu, obrtanje kružne vodjice 19 i kolenastog vratila se može iznenada zaustaviti. Prema tome, moguće je iznenada zaustaviti kretanje bata prese 12.
U medjuvremenu, valjci 28 u viljušci 24, koja se kreće napred - nazad pomoću klipnjače 26, sadrži i deo kružnog konusnog oblika, istog nagiba kao i odgovarajući deo konusnog žljeba 15 na kružnoj vodjici 19, tako da je moguće da se na minimum smanji tro-šenje usled trenja žljeba 15 u slučaju kretanja napred - nazad. Stoga, viljuška se može kretati glatko, bez trenja sa kružnom vodjicom 19.
Ovaj pronalazak se može ostvariti na različite načine, polazeći od ideje i obima pronalaska. Pored toga, ovaj pronalazak nije ograničen na prikazana i objašnjena izvodjenja. Sve varijacije u okviru gornjeg opisa i sledećih zahteva nalaze se i unutar obima ovog pronalaska.
Claims (2)
1. Naprava za iznenadno kočenje prese, koja se sastoji od zamajca (5), malog zupčanika (9), vezanim preko remenice i remena sa pogonskim motorom, ugradjenim na obrtnu osovinu (3), ugradjenu horizontalno u odnosu na noseći ram, jednog pritis-kača (bata prese) (12) i jednog velikog zupčanika,'ugradjenog na kolenastu osovinu, koja je postavljena ispod obrtne osovine (3) i, pored toga, malog zupčanika (9) i velikog zupčanika, u medjusobnom zahvatu, tako da se veliki zupčanik (10) obrće i prenosi svoju obimnu silu na zamajac (5), čime se izaziva kretanje bata prese gore-dole, naznačena time, što
naprava sadrži kružnu vodjicu (19), postavljenu na kolenasto vratilo (11b) sa kočionom oblogom (16), radijalno nazubljeni zupčanik (18) i konusni žljeb (15) duž obima sre-dišnog dela tela ;
ploča kvačila (22), sa radijalno nazubjenim zupčanikom, koji odgovara istom takvom (18), pričvršćenom za veliki zupčanik (10) ; i
napravu za pomeranje, koja omogućava da kružna vodjica (19) može da se kreće horizontalno, ugradjenu na noseći ram (2).
2. Naprava za iznenadno kočenje prema Zahtevu 1,naznačena time, što naprava za pomeranje poseduje jednu viljušku (24), ugradjenu na kružnu vodjicu (19) preko klipnjače (26) i cilinder (23), koji omogućava rad klipnjače (26) u cilju pomeranja.
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| US201261731697P | 2012-11-30 | 2012-11-30 | |
| EP13711953.3A EP2807183B1 (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2013-01-25 | Synthetic apelin mimetics for the treatment of heart failure |
| PCT/IB2013/050666 WO2013111110A2 (en) | 2012-01-27 | 2013-01-25 | Synthetic apelin mimetics for the treatment of heart failure |
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| RS20180546A RS57200B1 (sr) | 2012-01-27 | 2013-01-25 | Sintetičke imitacije apelina u terapiji srčane insuficijencije |
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