TW200412938A - Combination comprising GABA analog and NSAID - Google Patents
Combination comprising GABA analog and NSAID Download PDFInfo
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- TW200412938A TW200412938A TW092130045A TW92130045A TW200412938A TW 200412938 A TW200412938 A TW 200412938A TW 092130045 A TW092130045 A TW 092130045A TW 92130045 A TW92130045 A TW 92130045A TW 200412938 A TW200412938 A TW 200412938A
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Description
200412938 玖、發明說明: 【技術領域】 : 本發明係關於一種以給予τ _胺基丁酸(GABA)類似物於 預防如円〉貝瘍的内臟和腸胃損傷,及治療腸胃疾病如發炎 性腸失調(IBD)、功能性腸失調(FBD),包括消化不良,和 其它内臟疼痛的方法。 【先前技術】 非固醇類消炎藥(NSAID)是最常用於治療伴隨有骨關節 炎和許多其它肌與骨及發炎性失調疼痛之處方藥。在美 國’大約每年有一億張處方是用以提供有效之疼痛舒解及 炎症治療。常用的NSAID包括蘇林戴克(sulindac)、拿玻辛 (naproxen)、引朵美撒辛(ind〇niethacin)、門芬拿酸 (mefenamic acid)、戴克羅芬拿克(dici〇fenac)、芬諾普芬 (fenoprofen)及戴夫尼梭(diflunisal)。 然而,相當多的證據顯示NSAID類藥物有頻繁的、嚴重 的及高昂的腸胃道毒性副作用,包括輕度消化不良、胃炎、 同/貝瘍、以及更嚴重的腸胃併發症,如出血或穿孔,造成 明顯之病症,及在較少的情況下造成死亡。僅次於原發疾 病及其併發症’使用NSAID造成之嚴重腸胃併發症與結缔 組織疾病亦對病患有生命有危險。類似的腸胃損傷係由攝 取酒精所造成的。事實上,當長期酒精攝取北被終止時, 常會發生戒酒症候群的情況。除了腸胃損傷之外此症候群 常造成發抖、焦慮、抽筋、幻覺及困惑。 其i常見的腸胃疾病包括發炎性腸失調(IBd)及功能性
O:\88\88687.DOC 200412938 腸失調(FBD),包括消化不良。此類腸胃疾病廣泛地包括目 前僅能適當控制的疾病包含克隆氏症如迴腸:炎、絕血性腸 病、>貝瘍性結腸炎及發炎性腸失碉如腸過敏症候群、消化 不良與功能性腸失調之胃-食道逆流,和其它形式的内臟疼 痛。 r-胺基丁酸已證實可刺激胃導入神經,其與胃防#機轉 有關。現在吾人已發現GAB A類似物可明顯地減低由藥物及 酒精造成之腸胃損傷。該GABA類似物亦可治療戒酒症候群 及發炎興腸失調和發炎性腸症候群類的腸胃疾病。根據本 發明以預防腸胃損傷及治療IBD、IBS、與酒精中毒,需要 給予須治療的病患有效量的GABA衍生物。 數種GABA類似物係已知的。蓋巴盤素(gabapentin),一 種環狀的GABA類似物,目前為市售且廣泛地用於臨床治 療癲癇及神經病痛。該類化合物見於美國專利4W24J 75 中。其L用作抗發作劑的GABA類似物系列,亦見於美國 專利 5,563,175 中。 【發明内容】 本發明提供一種用於預防及治療腸胃損傷和疾病的方 法’包括給予須治療之病患有效量之gabA類似物。較佳之 具體實例使用一種式I之環狀胺基酸化合物
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〇:\88\88687 DOC 200412938 其中R1為氫或低碳數燒基,且η為由4至6的整數,及其醫 樂可接雙鹽類。一種使用式I化合物的特佳具:體實例為其中 h是氫,且η是5,該化合物為W胺甲基 >環己烷乙酸,一 般稱為蓋巴盤素。其它較佳類似物則是在式〗之環 上取代以烷基如甲基或乙基。典型的化合物包括(1_胺甲基 -3-甲基環己基)乙酸、(1_胺甲基-3_甲基環戊基)乙酸,及 胺甲基-3,4-二甲基環戊基)乙酸。 在其它具體實例中,本發明之方法使用式GABA類似
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R 物或其醫藥可接受鹽類,其中Ri為帶丨至6碳之直鏈或分 支烷基、苯基,或帶3至6碳的環烷基;r2為氫或甲基;且 R3為風、甲基或幾基。 本發明可使用式Π的化合物之非鏡像異構物及鏡像異構 物。 本發明之一種特佳方法為使用一種化合物,其尺2和
Ri均為氫,且作為(r)、(s),或(r,s)異 構物。 本發明之一種更佳具體實例使用3_胺甲基_5_甲基-己 酸,及特別地⑻-3-(胺甲基)-5-甲基己酸一般稱為前蓋巴 素(pregabalm)及CI-1008。另—種較佳的化合物為3_(1_胺甲 基)-5-甲基己酸。
O:\88\88687 DOC 200412938 本發明另提供一種組合物,其包含可消炎量的NSAiD及 可保護細胞量之GABA類似物。 · 【實施方式】 如上所述,本發明之方法利用任何Gaba類似物。gabA 類似物係指任何基於或衍生自胺基了酸之化合物。該類 ,合物係已備便,無論市售的或是已知於嫻熟有機化學技 盛者的万法合成。本發明方法中所使用之較佳gaba類似物 為式I之環狀胺基酸。其見於美國專利4,G24,175中,在此列. 為參考資料。另—較佳的方法利用式^GABA類似物,其 見於美國專利5,563,175中並在此列為參考資料。 用本發明之方法預防及治療腸胃損傷及疾病須要施用 GABA類似物’其量須;^以預防或治療該損傷情況,亦即對 抗NSAID或酒精的影響,或控制mD及IBs。本發明包括一 種治療戒酒症候群及-般酒精中毒的方法。所使用MBA 類似物的有效量一般為病患體重之每公斤約1至3〇〇毫克。 典型劑量為具正常體重之成年病患每天約1()到测毫克。 因NSAID造成之典型,,腸胃損傷"情況’包括消化不良、 胃炎、、消化性潰瘍,以及下腸胃道出血與穿孔。戒酒症候 群I進-步效應包括發抖、焦慮、及抽筋。典型之動情況 包括迴腸炎、潰瘍性結腸炎及克隆氏症。 本,明化合物之醫藥組合物或其鹽類,係以有效成份於 劑量單位形式中加醫藥载劑調製而成。劑量單位形式的伤 子錢劑、膠囊、藥丸、粉劑、水溶性或非水溶 懸浮液,及非經腸道溶液,其包裝於容人 3有一或大
O:\88\88687 DOC 200412938 量之劑量單位並可分裝入各別劑量中。適合的醫藥載劑, 包括醫藥稀釋劑,有明膠膠囊;糖如乳糖刚;殿粉如 玉米澱粉和馬鈐薯澱粉;纖維素^生物如縮甲機纖維素 納、乙基纖維素、甲基纖維素,及汰酸纖維素乙醋;明膠; 滑石粉,·硬脂酸;硬脂酸鎂;蔬菜油如花生油、棉軒油、 芝麻油、橄欖油、玉米油及可可油;丙二醇、甘油、山梨 醇,聚乙二醇;水;洋菜膠;褐藻酸;生理食鹽水和鱗酸 緩衝液;以及其它一般用於醫藥處方中相容性物質。本發 :之組合物亦含有其它成份如色素、香料,及/或防腐劑。 若有使用該類材料,均是相當少量的。若有需要,該組合 物亦可含有其b治療成份。用於對抗nsaid類藥物所造成 的腸胃影響時,該GABA類似物可單獨以單位劑量形式施 用’或與NSAID—起給特定病患使用。 前述組合物中有效成份百分比可大範圍地變化,但在實 用勺目的上’其較佳為在固態組合物中至少佔1 〇 %濃度, 及原始液態組合物中至少2%濃度。最佳組合物為其中之有 效成份以高比例存在,如由重量之10%至90%。 化合物或其鹽類之施用途徑為口服或非經腸道的方式。 例如,有效之靜脈注射劑量為介於5到50毫克,而有效之口 服浏里為介於2〇到8〇〇毫克。劑量規定係用於用在治療如潰 瘍及S等㊆疾病的用量範圍内,或由醫師依病患須要而 指定。 、本發明中之GABA類似物單位劑量形式亦可含其它 對腸胃疾病治療有效的化合物。 八
0 \88\88687 DOC -10- 200412938 在本發明中使用式j和式π化合物,特別是蓋巴盤素和前、 盍巴素的好處包括該化合物相對的無毒性、:製備容易、化’ 6物耐文性佳’及易於以靜脈注重和口服的方式投藥。 在此之受試者為哺乳類動物包括人類。 本發明亦提供一種含有NSAID& GABA類似物之組合 物。NS AID係以消炎所需的量存在,較佳低於一般用量, 而GABA類似物係以保護細胞所需的量存在,亦即其用量可 有效保護或減輕因>^八113造成之腸胃損傷。一般而言,. NSAID之劑量為10到5〇〇毫克,而GABA類似物之劑量為1 到1 5⑽笔克。根據本發明,任何NSAID均可與任何GABA 類似物一起使用。較佳被使用的GABA類似物為式;[及式π 化口物,特別是盍巴盤素及前蓋巴素。較佳使用於組合物 中的NSAID類藥物包括蘇林戴克、拿玻辛、引朵美撒辛、 門芬拿酸、戴克羅芬拿克、芬諾普芬、戴夫尼梭、艾脫梭 克(_d。㈣、易若普芬(ibu㈣㈣、派若辛坎㈣⑽㈣、 乙醯水楊酸、奥撒普辛(oxapr〇zin)及布芬克(br〇mfenac)。 多數可使用之NSAID類藥物為市售的,一般為如舞、鋼或 ::鹽類,例如芬諾普芬鈣及布芬克納。特佳的組合包括 則盖巴素或蛊巴盤素與拿玻辛鈉或易若普芬。該類組合物 可含有如上所述之醫藥賦形劑。 根據本發明,GABA類似物治療腸胃損傷的能力已建立於 數種誘發有腸胃損傷及酒精中毒的動物模式中。 實例1 蓋巴盤素於動物中被評估,以決定其預防因引朵美撤辛
O:\88\88687 DOC -11 - 200412938 造成之胃損害的能力。 雄性史’撥克-多利大鼠(Spraque-Dawley7 rats),體重 240〜250克,於實驗前禁食24小時,但可自由喝水。所有試 驗藥物均由胃内給予。大鼠以劑量40〜60毫克之不同劑量預 先處理。30分鐘後給予引朵美撤辛(25毫克/公斤)。另一組 大鼠則分兩次各間隔3小時給予10毫克之蓋巴盤素,接著再 給予引朵美撤辛。在給予引朵美撤辛3小時後,犧牲大鼠並 評估胃損害。損害評估係以計算可見損害區域(平方毫米) 來決定。 結果 1.引朵美撒辛造成嚴重的胃出血受損;計算損害區域為 42.6±5.2平方毫米(平均,±平均標準偏差)。 2·蓋巴盤素前處理可明顯減輕引朵美撒辛引起之胃傷 害。不同劑量蓋巴盤素前處理後引朵美撒辛引起之胃損害 計為:40毫克為22.3±2.8平方毫米,60毫克/公斤為16.52.2 平方毫米,及10毫克分兩次為4.2 ±0.39平方毫米。 3.蓋巴盤素前處理亦可大幅減輕胃出血。前述資料見於 圖1,其中第一個長條為對照組(僅以引朵美撒辛處理之動 物);第二個長條為一次給予4 0毫克蓋巴盤素之動物;第三 個長條為一次給予60毫克蓋巴盤素之動物;第四個長條為 分二次給予10毫克蓋巴盤素之動物。 實例2 為測定蓋巴盤素對酒精引起之胃損害的影響,大鼠先以 70%酒精(v/v)處理,接著再分別給予40及60克蓋巴盤素。 O:\88\88687 DOC -12 - 200412938 另、、且大队/、】用20笔克蓋巴盤素分二次間隔三小時作前處 理,接耆再以酒精處理。3〇分鐘後犧牲所有:大鼠並評估胃、 損傷。 、 結果 1·70%酒精會引起明顯的胃損傷。受損的區域計有419土 3.7平方毫米。 2·盍巴盤素前處理可明顯減輕酒精引起之胃傷害。以2〇 毫克劑量蓋巴盤素前處理2次,受損區域計有21±〇·3平方.. *米,以40毫克及60毫克蓋巴盤素前處理,受損區域分別 為24.4 土 3.5平方毫米及187土22平方毫米。 實例3 下列在大鼠上進行的試驗係用來進一步建立蓋巴盤素及 月!1盍巴素在減UNSAID類藥物造成之胃損傷的能力。 動物: 雄性CD-史撥克-多利大鼠〇32-2〇2克)豢養於控制溫度、 濕度及12小時光照/黑暗循環期的屋内。動物適應4至$天 後,禁食24小時,接著進行下列研究。 給予GABA類似物及引朵美撒辛: 盍巴盤素或盖巴素(CI-i〇〇8)溶於水中,並以口服方式 給予下列劑量:在1毫升中有1、1〇、1〇〇及2〇〇毫克/公斤。 對照組動物則給予等量的載劑(1毫升水)。6〇分鐘後,所有 動物接受1毫升溶於5%水溶性碳酸氫鈉(8〇毫克/公斤)之引 朵美撒辛洛液。對照組動物則口服給予1毫升之5❹水溶性 碳酸氫鈉。實驗分組如下: O:\88\88687 DOC -13 - 200412938 組別 前處理 損傷別 第1組 水 無(碳酸氫鈉) 第2組 水 引朵美撒辛80毫克/公斤 第3組 蓋巴盤素1毫克/公斤 引朵美撒辛80毫克/公斤 第4組 蓋巴盤素10毫克/公斤 引朵美撒辛80毫克/公斤 第5組 蓋巴盤素100毫克/公斤 引朵美撒辛80毫克/公斤 第6組 蓋巴盤素200毫克/公斤 引朵美撒辛80毫克/公斤 第7組 前蓋巴素1毫克/公斤 引朵美撒辛80毫克/公斤 第8組 前蓋巴素10毫克/公斤 引朵美撒辛80毫克/公斤 第9組 前蓋巴素100毫克/公斤 引朵美撒辛80毫克/公斤 第10組 前蓋巴素200毫克/公斤 引朵美撒辛80毫克/公斤
影響分析: 因引朵美撒辛造成的損傷係與抑制環氧鎢產物前列腺素 E2(PGE2)有關。動物於引朵美撒辛處理4小時後以斬首的方 式犧牲。移出其胃並沿胃大彎打開,將其影像數位化後以 配備有CUE3系統影像分析軟體(Olympus Corp·,Marietta, Georgia,US A)之電腦儲存至光碟片中。在胃腺區每側固定 之胃黏膜上取2組6平方毫米的生體切片,並以市售之 ELISA試劑組(Assay Designs Inc.,Ann Arbor,Michigan, US A)測定其PGE2含量。胃損傷則由儲存之電子影像以 CUE3影像軟體測定。資料以胃區域比例及PGE2含量(pg/ml) 表示。資料如下表1所示。 O:\88\88687 DOC -14- 200412938
9525.27土 ____156.00* 5·56±〇.48 1908.03土72.31 2. 99±〇·46 1783. 66±73·47 3·96±〇.35 3605.78±137· 19 l87±〇. 1 2997.90±226.80 1·43±〇·40 2615.74±165·36 8·〇7±2.19 1209. 95±105.50 4.07±〇.42 2666.16±307.45 1·99±0.25* 3994.45±318.95 〇· 34±0. 06* 3288. 45±407· 43 test及與引朵美擞辛組比較β =朵美撒^ 引,美撤辛+蓋巴盤素1毫克/公斤 5 引,美撒辛+蓋巴盤素10毫克/公斤 9 引,美撒辛+蓋巴盤素100毫克/公斤10 引朵美撒辛+蓋巴盤素200毫克/公斤5 引朵美撒辛+CI-1〇〇8 1毫克/公斤 4 引朵美撒辛+CI-1008 10毫克/公斤1〇 引朵美撒辛+CM008 100毫克/公斤1〇 J.L朵美撒辛+CM008 200毫克/公斤 5 數值為平均值土標準差 *Ρ<0·05係基於Kruskai-Wallis單向變異分析Dunn, 蓋巴盤素及CI-1008均可減輕由引朵美撒辛引起之胃損 傷,其中CM 008於100及200毫克/公斤劑量時,達到統計學 上明顯的程度。 如同預期的,由引朵美撒辛引起之胃損傷,與明顯抑制 環氧鎳產物PGE2有關。蓋巴盤素及CI-1008在任何劑量下均 無法明顯改變此效應。由此資料可推測CM〇〇8明顯減輕引 朵美撒辛引起的胃損傷與該GABA類似物對環氧鎳影響無 關0 前述資料確立如蓋巴盤素及前蓋巴素之GAB A類似物可 有效預防由攝取酒精或NS AID類似物所引起的胃損傷,如 胃損害、消化性潰瘍,甚至下腸胃道出血。該GABA類似物 亦可治療戒酒之效應,其症狀為發抖、幻覺、困惑及一般 腸胃失調如IBD及IBS。 下列試驗確立GABA類似物可有效治療戒酒症候群。 O:\88\88687.DOC -15 - 200412938 實例4 斤有汗A均使用雄性TQ系白化鼠(Bantin :and〖丨吨㈤⑽, UK)。體重範圍由2S至35克,但任何單一實驗中之體重變化 不超過5克。氣以一籠8隻豢養於2rc±rc、55±1〇%相對 微度及09:00至21:00光照之12小時光照/黑暗循環期中。所 有机均給予水及標準實驗室飼料(PM—丨,
Services,UK),直到用於實驗前或換以液態食物前。 生理依賴性誘發 在液態食物内給予酒精。所有鼠均在開始的兩天期間受 到飲食控制。酒精處理鼠接著接受2天含35%(v/v)酒精/水 的飲食,接著5天含7%酒精的食物。平均攝取量為22到3〇 克/公斤/天。對照組則成對餵食對照食物,熱量平衡以與含 酒精食物相符。在處理期間酒精處理鼠與對照組鼠的體重 並無差異。當停止供應酒精給鼠時(在〇7:〇〇am&〇9:〇〇am 之間),則提供水給鼠,直到實驗時。 藥物治療 /巴盤素溶於生理食鹽水中’該溶液每天新鮮配製。在 斷純酒精處理以研究操作反應時,及測量聽覺性發作2小時 前,立即於腹腔内注射10毫升/公斤之蓋巴盤素,或生理食 鹽水。在使用標準架高正迷宮的實驗中,蓋巴盤素或生理 食鹽水於移除酒精食物8小時後注射在腹腔内,並於注射6〇 分鐘後將鼠置於該正迷宮内。在運動協調(運動失調症)及行 動活力研究中’蓋巴盤素或生理食鼓水是在試驗前即注射 於未以酒精餵食的老鼠。對運動失調症測量6〇分鐘,而對
O:\88\88687.DOC 16 200412938 行動活力則測量3 0分鐘。 操作謗發行為測量 ^ 在09 :ΟΟΑΜ移除酒精處理後,由相同試驗者在相同鼠上 於酒精移除後12小時内,每小時評估操作誘發行為的等 級。量化評估標準列於表2。 表2 __溫和操作時的行為等級_ 1. 舉起及轉向時輕微顫抖。 2. 舉起及轉向時連續嚴重顫抖。 3. 舉起時前肢伸肌陣攣性痙攣。 4. 舉起時前肢伸肌陣攣性痙攣,將鼠置於籠頂後依然持續。 _5·自發性肌陣攣後同4之症狀。___ 每隻鼠均由尾部輕輕提起30公分,並在裝有60瓦燈泡之” 角姿態燈”下維持3秒鐘。將動物輕輕轉動,確保其行為等 級介於表2標準之1至5的範圍中。每組處理組使用1 5隻老 鼠,所得資料計算平均數及千分位數範圍。資料亦於移除 酒精處理4及12小時時以曲線下區域方式表示。結果示於圖 2。 聽覺性發作謗發 在酒精移除後8及12小時,對10隻分組鼠測試其聲音謗 發性抽筋之敏感度。鼠各別於一 30x30x30公分之内含電 子鐘的隔音塑膠盒中試驗。鈐響2分鐘或直到第一次抽筋症 候群出現。計算正常跑及陣攣性抽筋鼠得數目。當鼠出現 完全抽筋時則予以人道犧牲。 焦慮相關行為 鼠於7:00AM時被移除含酒精食物,並在8小時後於鼠用 高架正迷宮分枝試驗焦慮相關行為。該迷宮由透明塑膠組
O:\88\88687 DOC 200412938 成,含有2個相對的開放式分枝(30x0x0.25公分)及2個相對 \ 封閉式分枝(30x5x1 5公分),由中央平台(5x5公分)延伸而 ^ 出。其地板為暗黑塑膠。動物於進行試驗前先於測試房中 適應1小時。實驗於暗紅光下由不知先前處理過程的觀察者 進行,且每個5分鐘的試驗期間均以錄影帶記錄後供連續分 析。在該分析中 (Observer 3.0, Noidus Information Technology,Wageningen,Netherlands),測量在迷宮中的每 個分枝所花的時間,進入每個分枝的次數,以及後退活力。 測量係依據表3中之定義進行。 表3 _高架正迷宮的行為測試 籲分枝進入=所有的四個腳掌均在封閉或開放的分枝中。 春“探頭在開放式分枝側上朝向地板作探究性頭/肩前移動作。 春“保護性探頭”=在封閉式分枝側上朝向地板作探究性頭/肩前移動作。 籲“伸展注意姿勢探究性低軀體姿態,鼠向前伸展後退回原位置,不相前移動 運動失調之測量 蓋巴盤素的運動失調效果於對照組動物(即未以酒精處 理)以旋轉法研究。鼠被置於每分鐘4.5轉旋轉之桿上,測量 其停留於桿上的時間。所有試驗均以1 80秒為界限值,在藥 物注射前,所有鼠在旋轉桿上測試以確保其可停在桿上1 80 秒(少數無法做到者則被排除於研究之外)。在立即給予測試 藥物後,以10分鐘為間隔,測試60分鐘。每群處分組使用8 隻鼠。 行動活力 0\88\88687.DOC -18 - 200412938 盍巴盤素於對照組動物的效果用來測試行動能力,以決 定該效果於酒精移除研究中的選擇性。以蓋汜盤素溶液或 生理食鹽水注射的的鼠’立即被置於有紅外線光束穿越的 活力測試箱中。接下來的30分鐘内每5分鐘測量紅外線光束 被打斷的次數。後退活力係以置於籠子地板上方4公分處相 類似的紅外線光世裝置測量。 統計分析 操做反應等級的!吉果以設計在同一隻動物上反覆測量的 無參數雙向變異分析作比較。曲線計算下的面積結果以曼_ 惠特尼U-測試(Main-Whitney u-test)作比較。抽筋發生率以 費雪嚴謹或然率測試分析。由高架正迷宮所得之測量結 果,代入單向變異分析’在以波料若尼(BQnufer‘)多重 比車乂 "、彳忒刀析,將所有試驗組與受到生理食鹽水注射的對 ”且比較,亦比較接文盍巴盤素的酒精處理組及接受生理 食鹽水的酒精處理組。運動失調的測量則以曼_惠特尼u _測 試分析,而行動活力則以司徒登t_測試_叫分 析。 結果 操作反應 ^酒精處心移除㈣後,在溫和操作反應之行為等級 中”·員不出預期的增加。在12小時測試其的結果&〇1)比 权争""巴釦素(GP)1 00耄克7公斤(圖2a)明顯地降低該增加 等、及里盍巴盤素的效果顯示出可顯著降低操作分數4 J寺μ時間因而用於後續分析中,以用來檢定該藥之每
O:\88\88687.DOC -19- 200412938 種劑量的操作曲線下的面積。較低劑量蓋巴盤素的效果在 1 2小時測試期間並不明顯,但當計算研究頭斗小時時之曲線 下面積時,可在20及50毫克/公斤劑量上(ρ<〇·〇5)看到如100 毫克/公斤劑量(Ρ<〇·〇1)的顯著效果。 聽覺性發作 在8小時時間間隔中,50及100毫克/公斤蓋巴盤素可減少 聽覺刺激後的抽筋頻率,其中1⑻毫克/公斤達到統計意義 (ρ<0.05)。較低劑量時並無效果。在酒精處理組結束後第12 小時,任何測試劑量均無影響(資料所示)。 « 表4 測試酒精移除後8小時,蓋巴盤素對聽覺性抽筋的影響 長期處理 急性注射 陣攣性抽筋的比例 對照組食物 生理食鹽水 0 含酒精食物 生理食鹽水 80*p<〇. 05c. f.對照組/生理食鹽水組 含酒精食物 蓋巴盤素5毫克/公斤 92 含酒精食物 蓋巴盤素20毫克/公斤 70 含酒精食物 蓋巴盤素50毫克/公斤 40 含酒精食物 蓋巴盤素100毫克/公斤 30*p<〇. 〇5c. f.酒精組/生理食鹽水組 高架正迷宮 在此測試中,酒精移除的最顯著影響為花在迷宮開放式 分枝的時間比例減少(圖3a F(4,50) = 5.12, ρ<0·002)。蓋巴盤 素則在50及100毫克/公斤時均能減少該影響。在兩例中與 給予生理食鹽水組比較,劑量50毫克/公斤的ρ值為ρ<〇.〇5, 而劑量1〇〇毫克/公斤的Ρ值為Ρ<〇·〇1。 遭受酒精移除的鼠,在由封閉性分枝中探頭(保護性探頭) O:\88\88687 DOC -20- 200412938 動作方面亦顯示有意義的增加。該影響會由1〇〇毫克/公斤 蓋巴盤素有意義地降低(與生理食鹽水组比較:時p<〇.〇1),如 圖3b所tf(F(4,50)=6.53, ρ<〇·0〇1)。在對照組動物中工⑻毫克 /公斤盍巴盤素有意義地降低保護性探頭的次數(與給予生 理食鹽水後的對照組比較時p<〇 〇5)雖然,對照組動物在接 义S劑5盍巴盤素後,在開放式分枝的平均時間增加,々 並未與給予給予生理食鹽水後的對照組有意義的差別。 實例5 LPS-結腸過敏分析 該0八6八類似物亦被評估其控制及治療如1]81:)和1]58類腸 胃疾病。評估GABA類似物所用的分析,係在大鼠上測試續 化合物對脂多醣引起的直腸異常的影響。腹腔内注射内毒 素脂多醣(LPS)已知可在本體疼痛模式中謗發長期痛覺過 敏。下列由LPS-結腸過敏分析係設計來評估實驗性直腸腫 大模式中,腹腔内注射LPS對内臟疼痛閥值的影響。 準備動物 對體重250到350克的溫斯達(Wistar)大鼠根據標準技術 施以手術做肌電圖測試。以腹腔内注射0.6毫克/公斤的阿塞 玻邁辛(acerpromazine)及120毫克/公斤的凱它命(Ketamin, Imalgene 1000, Rhone-Merieux,Lyon,France)麻醉大鼠。將 兩組4個鎳絡線電極(60公分長,直徑80微米)植入腹股溝章刃 帶上方之兩側腹外斜肌肉内。電極露於頸背以外,並由貼 於皮膚上的玻璃管保護。動物個別養於聚乙烯籠中,並保 持空調於21 °C。動物可自由喝水及進食(UAR pellets, O:\88\88687 DOC -21 - 200412938
Epinay,France) 〇 肌電圖記錄 手術後5天開始肌電圖記錄。腹斜肌的電活動以腦波儀 (Mini VIII, Alvar, Paris,France)記錄,其使用短時間常數 (0.03秒)以去除低頻訊號(<3赫茲),送紙速率為3.6公分/分 鐘0 氣球擴張程序 鼠被置於塑膠隧道中(直徑6公分’長25公分),無法移
動、逃跑、或轉向,以防止氣球損傷。為了將實驗進行的 壓力反應降低到最低,鼠在做直腸擴張術(rd)之前3或4天 内先使其熟悉該程彳。使用兩項標準判定動物以適應該塑 膠隧迢.(1)仃為構成要素:每5分鐘内動物不超過一次試圖 逃跑或轉向’⑺㈣基本活動:在無擴張情形下,每$分鐘 内腹紋肌顯示不超過5次的收縮。用來擴張的氣球為動脈栓 切除術用導管(F。购,Edward LabGmQHes, -,
Ana, USA)。直腸擴張術的進行’係時氣球 —(直徑2毫米’長2公分)插入直腸中,離肛⑴公分處,固 — '尾邙氣球以每次〇.4毫升,由〇到1.6毫升漸進膨 ^每階段膨脹時間持續5分鐘。為了檢測可能的滲漏,打 入乳球中的水在擴張結束後以針筒抽。 實驗計劃 A — 在第一個實驗系列中 張。動物先前已用劑量 載劑(9。/。氣化鈉水溶液) ’使用8隻一組的大鼠於漸進直腸擴 3〇及100毫克/公斤的蓋巴盤素或其 以腹腔内注射處理。
0 \88\88687 DOC -22- 200412938 在第二個實驗中,同組的8隻大鼠於直腸擴張對照實驗後 1小時,接受腹腔内注射脂多醋(大腸桿菌’血清類型 0111 :B4)或其載劑,其劑量為1毫克/公斤。而後,直腸擴張 術在LPS注射後12小時進行,並在30分鐘時由腹腔内給予蓋 巴盤素(30毫克/公斤)或其載劑(0.3毫升/大鼠)° 藥物 LPS溶於生理食鹽水中(9%氯化鈉水溶液)。腹腔内注射載 劑的量為 〇·3 毫升。LPS 是向 Sigma-Aldrich(St· Quentin Fallavier,France)講置。 統計分析 在直腸擴張術過程中每5分鐘發生腹收縮次數的統計分 析,係以ANOVA與史都敦(Student’s)配對t-測試進行。數值 以平均土 S E Μ表示。當時的差兴表現視為有思A。 結果示於表5及6,顯示蓋巴盤素可有效減輕如IBS之下腸 胃道疾病。 表5 蓋巴盤素對由直腸擴張術引起之腹部反應的效果(每5分鐘腹部收縮次數;平均 土SEM,η=7-8,*ρ<0·05,*ρ<0·01,有意義地與載劑不同;減輕對載劑的η%) 擴張體積 載劑 (0.3毫升/大 鼠) 蓋巴盤素 (30毫克/公斤) 載劑 (0. 3毫升/大 鼠) 蓋巴盤素 (100毫克/公 斤) 0. 4mL 4·4±1·6 5. 0±2.1 3·9±1·8 2·0±1·4 0· 8mL 19·1±2·8 10. 6±3·4** (-45%) 19. 6±2·3 7· 6 ±3· 4» (-61.2%) L2mL 23·4±2·6 16.1±2.3 木 (-31.2%) 19·1±2·3 16.7±2·9
O:\88\88687 DOC -23 - 200412938 表6 蓋巴盤素對由LPS引起之延遲(12小時)異常的效果(每5分鐘腹部收縮次數;平均 土SEM,n=7-8,%<0.01,有意義地與,’LPS/載劑,’值不同;減輕對”LPS/載劑”的 η%) 擴張體積 LPS(1毫克/公斤) LPS(1毫克/公斤) + + 載劑(0.3毫升/大鼠) 蓋巴盤素(3.0毫克/公斤) 0.4mL 9·7±1·0 0·7±0· 5(-92. 8%) 0. 8mL 11·7±1·2 11.9±0.8 L2mL 23.5±2.62 16.3±3.2 前述實驗是以GABA類似物,在0.4及0.8毫升擴張體積時 30毫克/公斤前蓋巴素可減少抽搐的次數。在直腸擴張前 120分鐘注射10及30毫克/公斤前蓋巴素,與所有擴張體積 所得的結果相似。給予LPS12小時後,在擴張體積0.4毫升 下,腹部收縮次數增加(9.7 ±1.0對3.7 ±1.0)。當動物在直腸 擴張術前30分鐘街頭30毫克/公斤前蓋巴素時,前述效果會 被抑制(1.8 ±0.9對9.7 ±1.0)。這些結果建立了前蓋巴素可在 大鼠上有效減輕其基本直腸敏感度及有效阻斷LPS引起之 直腸異常。 實例6 TNBS引起之異常 GABA類似物亦被評估在有三硝苯磺酸(TNBS)引起之慢 性内臟異常鼠上的功效。注射TNBS在動物結腸内已發現慢 O:\88\88687 DOC -24- 200412938 性結腸炎。在人身上,消化性疾病長伴隨内臟疼痛。在病* 理方面’内臟疼痛的閥值下降,顯示出内臟過敏。因此, 在研%的設計著眼於在結腸擴張實驗模式中,TNBS注射於, 結腸中對内臟疼痛閥值的效果評估。 本研究用體重340至400克的雄性史撥克-多利大鼠。動物 以3隻一籠豢養於調節環境中(2〇±rc,溼度5〇±5%,光照 時間8:00AM到8:〇〇pM)。在麻醉狀態下(凱它命8〇毫克/公斤 腹腔内注射;阿塞玻邁辛12毫克/公斤腹腔内注射),將, TNBS(50)或生理食鹽水(1·5毫克/公斤)注入近端結腸中(距 # 離盲腸1公分)。手術後,動物個別養於調節環境中。 將氣球導管(5-6公分長)經肛門插入結腸中,並將其貼於 尾基部上以固定位置(氣球尖端距肛門5公分)。氣球以每次5 I米水柱壓力由〇到75耄米汞柱漸次膨脹,每次膨脹停留用 3 0秒。每個杰腸擴張循環以標準氣呀狀態控制。閥值係相 對於造成第一次腹部收縮的壓力,此時停止擴張循環。在 同一隻動物上進行4次擴張循環以求得結腸閥值。 在第-個系列的實驗中,以生理食鹽水處理的8隻_組@ _ 老鼠’被進行結腸擴張。 在第二個系列的實驗中,以TNBS處理的8隻一組的老 鼠,被進行結腸擴張。 在第三個系列的實驗中,以TNBS處理的8隻—组的老 鼠’在結腸擴張循環前3G分鐘接受蓋巴盤素或ci]_皮下 注射。 所有的試驗化合物,除了 丁刪外,均溶於生理食鹽水
O:\88\88687.DOC -25- 200412938 中。TNBS則溶於30%酒精(w/v)中。皮下注射載劑的量為2 毫克/公斤"。 7 各組間的統計意義以單向ANOVA與史都敦非配對卜測試 測定。ρ<0·05時的差異被認為統計上有意義。 逐端結腸擴張後的疼痛閥值(擴張引發第一次收縮的壓 力)在第7天以2組清醒的大鼠測定:對照組動物及τνβ § 處理動物。在TNBS處理動物上可觀察到疼痛閥值有意義的 降低。發炎參數(結腸重量、充血及壞死面積,及結腸髓過 氧化鎳含量)在TNBS處理第7天於近端結腸中測定。所有參 數’除了壞死面積外,均有意義的增加。 在結腸擴張及發炎參數測定前3〇分鐘給予蓋巴盤素 (100、300、及 500 毫克/公斤皮下注射)&CI-1〇〇8(3〇、6〇、 100及200笔克/公斤皮下注射)。蓋巴盤素以劑量相關方式抑 制TNBS引起之結知之異常。在5〇〇毫克/公斤皮下注射時, 蓋巴盤素可完全阻斷TNBS對結腸疼痛的效果。〇1-1〇〇8亦 顯示有劑量相關抑制疼痛閥值下降的效果。在1〇〇毫克/公 斤時CI-1008可完全抑制TNBS引起的異常。嗎啡可完全抑 制結腸擴張後,TNBS引起之疼痛閥值下降(圖4)。相反的, 盍巴盤素或CI-1008皆無法抑制這些實驗,TNBS的結腸發 炎效果。 在正常條件中(對照組動物),嗎啡(〇·3毫克/公斤皮下注 射)有思我地增加結腸疼痛閥值··然而在相同條件下,蓋巴 盤素(500毫克/公斤皮下注射),或α_1〇〇8(2〇〇毫克/公斤皮下 /主射)皆典法改變結腸疼痛閥值(圖5)。結果示於表7及表8。
O:\88\88687 DOC -26- 200412938 " 表7 7 在大鼠中,CI-1008、蓋巴盤素,及嗎啡對TNBS引起之慢性結腸異常的效果 處理 ( 結腸閥值 〔毫米汞柱) SEM η Ρ 對照組 43.39 土 1.98 8 Sham 33.44 土 3.25 8 氺 TNBS 17.81 土 1.27 8 氺氺氺 CI-1008 30毫克/公斤皮下注射 21.72 土 1.51 8 ? 60毫克/公斤皮下注射 25.47 土 1.03 8 ?? 100毫克/公斤皮下注射 33.13 土 1.83 8 ??? 200毫克/公斤皮下注射 40.47 土 3. 75 8 ??? 蓋巴盤素 100毫克/公斤皮下注射 22.03 土 2. 23 8 300毫克/公斤皮下注射 24. 69 土 1.27 8 ? 500毫克/公斤皮下注射 36.88 土 1.46 8 ??? 嗎啡 0.1毫克/公斤皮下注射 34.22 土 1.72 8 ??? 0.3毫克/公斤皮下注射 46.09 土 1.43 8 ??? 1毫克/公斤皮下注射 64. 84 土 L88 8 ??? *=ρ<0. 05,**=ρ<0·01,***: =p,0.001相對於對照組。 ? ρ<0· 05, ??=ρ<0· 01,???=ρ,0.001 相對於TNBS 〇 表8 在正常鼠中,CI-1008及蓋巴盤素對結腸閥值的效果 處理 結腸閥值 SEM η Ρ (毫米汞柱) 對照組 43.33 土 1.23 6 CI-1008 46. 41 土 2. 26 8 NS 200毫克/公斤皮下注射 蓋巴盤素 43.75 土 1.44 6 NS 500毫克/公斤皮下注射 NS=相對於對照組無意義 1 O:\88\88687 DOC -27- 200412938 前述資料建立了蓋巴盤素及CM 008之GAB A類似物可抑 制TNB S引起之結兴常’且對於IB S反應慢性疼痛的異常 結腸過敏有效。 實例7 福馬林引起的發炎性結腸疼痛 GABA類似物在另一個模式中被評估,以決定其對於發炎 性内臟疼痛’包括騰臟炎及腸炎的效果。 將福馬林打入大鼠結腸壁,會造成急性發炎及内臟疼… 痛。本研究的目標在於以結腸腹腔内注射福馬林來評估蓋 巴盤素及CI-1008在内臟疼痛方面的抗疼痛能力。 本研究使用體重240到260克之成年雌性史撥克·多利大 鼠。動物在試驗前以3隻一籠養於調節環境中(2〇±1艺,溼 度 50±5。/。,光照時間 8:0〇am到 8··00ΡΜ)。 每隻试驗動物均置於鋪有木屑之透明塑膠籠(27χ43χ28 公分)中。並提供飲水。籠以動物間無法視覺接觸方式放 置。在每只籠後面放置一面鏡子以增進行為記錄。每隻動 物在開始時有20分鐘適應環境。用異氟烷(開始4%,接著 1.5%於2:3笑氣及丨:3氧氣的混合物)將動物由其尾部懸空, 以棉棒將直腸清空,再將結腸鏡經肛門插入。此特別設計 的内視鏡具有-個小側孔’可用長51公分的針(26ga),在離 肛門約35笔米處以目視在小腸壁上打洞。注入溶液為微 升5%福馬林溶液(v/v),或等量之等張生理食鹽水。當注射 結束後(約1分鐘)’立即使動物由麻醉狀態恢復後,同時開 始持續2小時之觀察期。觀察測試結束後料鐘,由靜脈注
〇 \88\88687 DOC -28- 200412938 射EVans Blue (1%),3〇分鐘後犧牲動物。打開腹部,注射 位及Evan/Blue擴散區以影像分析軟體記錄。:由鼠得到之染 料分佈資料若超出乙狀結腸部份則予丟棄。 如列於疼痛密度增加等級中,這些行為包括:(1)舔舐或 啃^:腹邵(L),(2)軀體伸展,即後肢向後伸展側腹 收縮,有時包括伸展姿態(C ),及(4)全軀體收縮,鼠背屈 站互,偶爾也依據下列插入進一步之等級··少於3〇秒為 W1,3 0秒到1分鐘間為W2,超過1分鐘為W3。每隻動物的. 行為在2小時測試中記錄於獨立的表單上。在每個連續的b 分鐘期間以下列公式計算疼痛分數(s): s = 1L+2B+3C+4Wl+5 W2 + 6W3 因此,該疼痛指數與(1)每個選擇行為的片斷數目,(2) 特定行為屬性由1到6的係數成比例關係。 所有的化合物均溶於生理食鹽水。皮下注射的載劑的量 為2.5毫克/公斤。福馬林則是向pr〇iab〇購買。 母組間的統计意義以單向ANOVA與史都敦非配對丨_測試 測定。ρ<0·05時的差異被認為統計上有意義。 在未示良雄性史撥克-多利大鼠的痛覺過敏,係由壁内注 射福馬林(5%,5微克/大鼠)於結腸壁中所引起的。蓋巴般 素及CI-1008分別以100、300、500及100、200毫克/公斤皮 下注射測試。蓋巴盤素及CI-1008有意義地且依劑量地減少 由結腸内福馬林引起之疼痛指數。在給予500毫克/公斤言 巴盤素及200毫克/公斤CI-1008後可觀察到最大抑制效果。 結果示於表9。 〇 \88\88687 DOC -29- 200412938 本研究建立了 GABA類似物可促進對内結腸福馬林引起 的抗痛效果,因而可有效的治療IBD及IBS,:及内臟疼痛包 括胰臟炎與腸炎。 表9 皮下注射蓋巴盤素及CI-1008對由5%福馬林壁内注射引起之發炎性結腸疼痛的效 田 處理 %抗疼痛 SEM η Ρ CI-1008 100毫克/公斤皮下注射 18.55 土 7.41 7 氺氺氺 20◦毫克/公斤皮下注射 70.81 土 7.47 6 氺氺氺 蓋巴盤素 0.3毫克/公斤皮下注射 -7.73 土 10.43 3 NS 100毫克/公斤皮下注射 13.62 土 12.65 9 NS 300毫克/公斤皮下注射 55.07 土 9.98 6 林* 500毫克/公斤皮下注射 88.01 士 16.96 6 氺** NS=相對於對照組無意義。 下列實驗進一步展示由本發明所提供之含GABA類似物 與NS AID妁組合物。 實例8 錠劑配方 拿玻辛鈉 200毫克 蓋巴盤素 300毫克 硬脂酸鎂 20毫克 微晶纖維素 100毫克 普維酮(Povidone) 100毫克 滑石粉 50毫克 所有成份混成一致並壓成鍵劑。每天給予1到3次該鍵劑 O:\88\88687.DOC -30- 200412938 僵直性關節炎、 節炎等發炎情形 骨關節炎、滑囊 以治療如風溼性關節炎、 炎、肌腱炎及急性痛風關 實例9 膠囊配方 芬諾普芬鈣,USP 前蓋巴素 纖維素 明膠 二氧化鈦 150毫克 50毫克 100毫克 5〇毫克 10毫克
所有成份混成一致,#举λ f為丄 、 並裝入恥囊中。每天給予丨到4次勝 囊以治療如風溼性關節炎及骨關節炎。 本發明提供之組合包括Ν_(如拿玻辛或門芬拿旬及 GABA類似物(如前蓋巴素或蓋巴盤素)。該組合已顯示其且 有:同治療疼痛的能力。例如,蓋巴盤素及拿玻辛鋼以協 同里結合後’於大鼠鹿角菜足趾熱疼痛過敏試驗中評估。 該試驗使用一種海草(鹿角菜)抽出物,將其注入測試動物的 足趾時^造成無菌性發炎,因而降低了疼痛閥。止痛劑, 包括如盖巴盤素的GABA類似物,可提升疼痛閥值回正 常,、因此相對於未處理的對照組動物,止痛劑可使動物耐 受較長時間的外原源性疼痛。數種固定的蓋巴盤素及拿破 辛鈉组合,濃度範圍由50份GABA類似物重量對〗份 NS AID重里到! :1組合,被用於前述試驗中。結果示於圖 6(固疋的1:1組合於不同劑量下)及圖7(固定的π」組合於
0 \88\88687 DOC 31 200412938 不同劑置下)。孩貧料建立了 GAB A類似物及NS AID的組-合可協同解除急性或慢性疼痛,並達到止痛效果。 - 【圖式簡單說明】 圖U頃π盍巴盤素對因引朵美撤辛造成之胃損害的影響。 圖2頒tf盍巴盤素對戒酒反應之手操作反應的影響。 固…、示風巴益素對長期酒精給予的動物其記憶與困倦 之影響。 圖4於員7J7巴盤专*、/ 丄Af- φ 凰畜U-1008U盍巴素),及鳴啡在結腸障… 礙上的影響。 圖5顯示蓋巴盤素及叫_對大鼠結腸疼痛發閥值之影 圖6顯示1:1混合蓋巴盤素及拿玻辛可在動物 /古 m 々 m从. ' , -w切工:r “吏用各刎藥物相同之止痛效果’但劑量低1〇〇倍。 破= 示比較以重量計算混合50倍之蓋巴盤素及1倍之拿 ^ 同止痛效果與在相對計量下單獨使用各別藥物的
〇 \88\88687 DOC -32-
Claims (1)
- 200412938 拾、申請專利範園: 1. 一種預防或治療疼痛的組合,其含有GABA類似物及非 固醇類消炎藥(NS AID),及醫藥可接受賦形劑、載劑或 稀釋劑,其中GABA類似物為式I化合物及其醫藥可接受 鹽類: H2N— CH2【C (ci4. 1 其中Ri為氫或C「c8烷基,且n為4至6的整數,或為式II 化合物及其醫藥可接受鹽類: R3^2 I h2nchcch?cooh π ;^1 其中1^為1至6個碳原子之直鏈或分支烷基,苯基或3至6 個碳原子的環烷基; R2為氫或甲基;且 R3為氫、甲基或羧基, 且其中NS AID不為拿玻辛(naproxen),或其醫藥上可接受 鹽 〇 2.根據申請專利範圍第1項之組合,其中GABA類似物為蓋 巴盤素。 3 ·根據申請專利範圍第1項之組合,其中GABA類似物為前 O:\88\88687 DOC 200412938 蓋巴素。 4. 根據申請專利範圍第1項之組合,其中非固醇類消炎藥 係選自蘇林戴克(sulindac)、引朵美撒辛(indomethacin)、 門芬拿酸(me fenamic acid)、戴克羅芬拿克(diclofenac)、 芬諾普芬(fenoprofen)、戴夫尼梭(diflunisal)、艾脫梭克 (etodolac)、易若普芬(ibuprofen)、派若辛坎(piroxicam)、 乙酿水楊酸、奥撒普(oxaprozin)及布芬克(bromfenac), 或其醫藥可接受鹽類。 5. 根據申請專利範圍第4項之組合,其中非固醇類消炎藥 係易若普芬或引朵美撒辛。 6. 根據申請專利範圍第5項之組合,其包含易若普芬及前 蓋巴素。 7. 根據申請專利範圍第5項之組合,其包含易若普芬及蓋 巴盤素。 0 \88\88687 DOC
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| US5675397P | 1997-08-20 | 1997-08-20 | |
| US7479498P | 1998-02-16 | 1998-02-16 | |
| US8293698P | 1998-04-24 | 1998-04-24 |
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| DE (1) | DE69841574D1 (zh) |
| DK (1) | DK1009399T3 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2341154T3 (zh) |
| HU (1) | HUP0004551A3 (zh) |
| IL (1) | IL134164A (zh) |
| IS (1) | IS2749B (zh) |
| MY (1) | MY155223A (zh) |
| NO (1) | NO327983B1 (zh) |
| NZ (1) | NZ502729A (zh) |
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| PL (1) | PL194125B1 (zh) |
| PT (1) | PT1009399E (zh) |
| TW (2) | TWI251485B (zh) |
| UY (1) | UY25148A1 (zh) |
| WO (2) | WO1999008670A1 (zh) |
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- 1998-08-18 WO PCT/US1998/017082 patent/WO1999008671A1/en not_active Ceased
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