TWI286558B - Easily dyeable copolyester polymer prepared by terephthalic acid process, fiber using the same, and method of preparing the same - Google Patents
Easily dyeable copolyester polymer prepared by terephthalic acid process, fiber using the same, and method of preparing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI286558B TWI286558B TW093112870A TW93112870A TWI286558B TW I286558 B TWI286558 B TW I286558B TW 093112870 A TW093112870 A TW 093112870A TW 93112870 A TW93112870 A TW 93112870A TW I286558 B TWI286558 B TW I286558B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- terephthalic acid
- copolyester polymer
- polymer
- temperature
- same
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol Natural products OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920001521 polyalkylene glycol ether Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl terephthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004056 anthraquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Chemical compound O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BVZBUNMMIFGZCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3-tetrabutyldecanoic acid Chemical compound C(CCC)C(C(C(=O)O)(CCCC)CCCC)(CCCCCCC)CCCC BVZBUNMMIFGZCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQVKTHRQIXSMGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Ethylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CCC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 ZQVKTHRQIXSMGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFFQXJXLNZADOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethoxycarbonylbenzenecarboperoxoic acid Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OO)C=C1 JFFQXJXLNZADOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101000629400 Homo sapiens Mesoderm-specific transcript homolog protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102100026821 Mesoderm-specific transcript homolog protein Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000986 disperse dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004141 diterpene derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium acetate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940069446 magnesium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011285 magnesium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011654 magnesium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
- C08G63/181—Acids containing aromatic rings
- C08G63/183—Terephthalic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G63/668—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/672—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
- D01F6/84—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyesters
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
- D01F6/86—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from polyetheresters
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2003-0033608A KR100531041B1 (ko) | 2003-05-27 | 2003-05-27 | 테레프탈산 공법으로 제조된 염색이 용이한 코폴리에스터중합물, 그 섬유 및 이의 제조 방법 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW200512225A TW200512225A (en) | 2005-04-01 |
| TWI286558B true TWI286558B (en) | 2007-09-11 |
Family
ID=34056773
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW093112870A TWI286558B (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2004-05-07 | Easily dyeable copolyester polymer prepared by terephthalic acid process, fiber using the same, and method of preparing the same |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2004352991A (es) |
| KR (1) | KR100531041B1 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN1309755C (es) |
| DE (1) | DE102004025408B4 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2246701B2 (es) |
| TR (1) | TR200401206A2 (es) |
| TW (1) | TWI286558B (es) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112760739B (zh) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-10-29 | 扬州富威尔复合材料有限公司 | 一种汽车内饰用低熔点聚酯纤维及其制备方法 |
| KR20230143522A (ko) * | 2022-04-05 | 2023-10-12 | 에스케이케미칼 주식회사 | 비스(글리콜)테레프탈레이트의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 폴리에스테르 수지 |
| KR102755274B1 (ko) | 2024-07-05 | 2025-01-22 | 최병렬 | 압축기와 반응기와 촉매제 기반 에틸렌과 프로판과 고분자 재료 혼합 복합 생산 시스템 및 그 운용방법 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2744087A (en) * | 1951-12-11 | 1956-05-01 | Du Pont | Polyester from terephthalic acid, ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol |
| DE1595044A1 (de) * | 1964-02-25 | 1970-04-30 | Nippon Soda Co | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyestern |
| JPS553426A (en) * | 1978-06-23 | 1980-01-11 | Toray Ind Inc | Hollow molded polyester article having improved transparency |
| JPS5763325A (en) * | 1980-10-02 | 1982-04-16 | Toyobo Co Ltd | Copolyester |
| JPH0232123A (ja) * | 1988-07-21 | 1990-02-01 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 高結晶性ポリエステル共重合体 |
| US4975233A (en) * | 1988-12-09 | 1990-12-04 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Method of producing an enhanced polyester copolymer fiber |
| ZA903202B (en) * | 1989-05-24 | 1991-02-27 | Amoco Corp | Preparation of polyethylene terephthalate |
| KR950008560A (ko) * | 1993-09-06 | 1995-04-19 | 박홍기 | 광투과율이 우수한 섬유용 폴리에스테르의 제조방법 |
| AU8536498A (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 1998-12-30 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Method for producing polyesters and copolyesters |
| JPH11310629A (ja) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-11-09 | Mitsui Chem Inc | 新規なポリエステルおよびポリエステルの製造方法 |
| US6067785A (en) * | 1998-04-24 | 2000-05-30 | Wellman, Inc. | Method of producing high quality dark dyeing polyester and resulting yarns and fabrics |
| JP3690255B2 (ja) * | 2000-08-02 | 2005-08-31 | 三菱化学株式会社 | ポリエステル樹脂の製造方法及びそれにより得られるポリエステル樹脂 |
| JP2002356609A (ja) * | 2001-05-31 | 2002-12-13 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | ポリエステル樹脂組成物及びその成形体 |
| JP4529485B2 (ja) * | 2003-03-07 | 2010-08-25 | 三菱化学株式会社 | ポリエステル重合触媒、その製造方法、及びそれを用いたポリエステルの製造方法 |
-
2003
- 2003-05-27 KR KR10-2003-0033608A patent/KR100531041B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-05-07 TW TW093112870A patent/TWI286558B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-05-21 CN CNB2004100425440A patent/CN1309755C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-24 DE DE102004025408.7A patent/DE102004025408B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-05-25 JP JP2004154160A patent/JP2004352991A/ja active Pending
- 2004-05-26 TR TR2004/01206A patent/TR200401206A2/xx unknown
- 2004-05-26 ES ES200401271A patent/ES2246701B2/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2004352991A (ja) | 2004-12-16 |
| DE102004025408B4 (de) | 2020-02-06 |
| ES2246701A1 (es) | 2006-02-16 |
| TR200401206A2 (tr) | 2005-01-24 |
| CN1309755C (zh) | 2007-04-11 |
| DE102004025408A1 (de) | 2005-02-17 |
| KR100531041B1 (ko) | 2005-11-24 |
| KR20040101800A (ko) | 2004-12-03 |
| ES2246701B2 (es) | 2006-12-01 |
| TW200512225A (en) | 2005-04-01 |
| CN1572814A (zh) | 2005-02-02 |
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